CHUONG 1,2,3

TMATN: LP D N U T CNG TRNH THU IN A VNG 1 GVHD: GVC.ThS.NGUYN NG THCH

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN1.1.V TR A L V QUY M CNG TRNH V TR XY DNG CNG TRNH

Lu vc sng A Vng nm trong khu vc khng ch bi ta 15 0 46 - 16 0 04 v Bc v 107 0 23 - 107 0 43 kinh ng .Pha Bc tip gip vi lu vc sng T Trch v Hu Trch, pha Nam tip gip vi cc lu vc sng cp 1 ca sng Boung, pha ng tip gip vi lu vc sng Cn, pha Ty tip gip vi lu vc sng M Cng. Tng din tch lu vc l 682 km2 vi chiu di sng chnh l 73 km v h thp khong 1280 m. Cng trnh thy in A Vng c b tr lu vc sng A Vng v sng Boung, nm trn a phn hai x Giang v M Coi thuc huyn ng Giang, tnh Qung Nam, cch th trn huyn ng Giang khong 35 km, cch thnh ph Nng 80km v pha Ty.

SVTH: Hong Trng Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A

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a hnh khu vc tuyn chn rt dc, c bit l hai bn b sng. Cng trnh thy in A Vng c cng sut thit k 215MW vi sn lng in trung bnh hng nm l 846 triu KWh. Theo tiu chun TCXDVN 285 - 2002, cng trnh thy in A Vng thuc cng trnh cp 2. Sng A Vng bt ngun t vng ni pha Ty Bc thuc bin gii Vit - Lo c cao 1400m v hp lu vi sng Boung cch nh my thy in A Vng khong 9km v pha thng lu. Sng A Vng c chiu rng 50 - 100m, chy ch yu theo hng Bc Nam, lng sng l gc. H thng sng sui pht trin, phn ln chy theo hng ng Bc - Ty Nam. Cch thng lu tuyn p khong 500m c hai nhnh sui ln to nn h cha c dng nh hai cnh chim. Sn b tri, sui M Coih chy theo hng ng Bc - Ty Nam lng sui rng 10-20m trm ng nhiu ct si, hai b sui ri rc c cc bi bi chiu rng t ti vi trm mt. b phi c sui At Chourro chy theo hng Ty Nam - ng Bc. Hai b to thnh nhiu bi bi v bc thm, lng sui thoi. Trn cc bi bi v bc thm, t ai hu ht c canh tc. p dng A Vng l p b tng trng lc t trn nn ca h tng sng Boung. T tuyn p, sng A Vng chy vo sng Boung theo hng Bc - Nam, c hai sng nhp li c xem nh mt on sng vng cung. Nh my thy in A Vng t trn sng Boung vi chnh ct nc t nhin 250m. Do c im cc hng mc cng trnh chnh b tr rt xa nhau,nn c th chia thnh hai khu vc nh sau : khu u mi p bao gm p chnh, p trn, ca ly nc, v ngch hm s 1, tuyn nng lng gm khu vc ng hm p lc, ging iu p, ng p lc, ngch thi cng 2 v 3, v khu vc nh my thy in. Trc ng giao thng chnh t bn ngoi vo cng trng u i qua cc hng mc tr ging iu p v ngch thi cng s 2 v 3. Do khi lng thi cng ca cc hng mc kh ln v c im bin php thi cng ca tng hng mc, d kin thit lp hai khu ph tr sn xut - nh phc v thi cng v 4 trm b tng nghin sng cng sut 60-240 m 3/h nm trong cc khu ph tr...Tt c hng mc trn c s ho trn bn v tng th. 1.2 TM TT QUY HOCH BC THANG SNG VU GIA THU BN 1.2.1 S khai thc bc thang sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn : Lu vc sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn l lu vc ln min Trung Vit Nam, nm trn trong a phn hai tnh Qung Nam v Nng. H thng sng Vu Gia Thu Bn bao gm hai sng chnh l sng Vu Gia v sng Thu Bn cng vi cc sng nhnh ph lu cp 2 nh sng Bung,A Vng,sng Cn, sng akmi, Din tch lu vc ton b sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn tnh n ca bin Hi An l 10370km2.


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S khai thc bc thang thy in trn h thng sng Vu Gia Thu Bn gm 8 d n thy in : *Trn nhnh sng Vu Gia c 7 d n : Thy in A Vng I: mc nc dng bnh thng (MNDBT) = 385m, cng sut lp my (NLM) = 215MW. Thy in Sng Boung 2, MNDBT = 570m, NLM = 100MW. Thy in Sng Boung 4, MNDBT = 230m, NLM = 220MW. Thy in Sng Ging, MNDBT = 60m, NLM = 60MW. Thy in k Mi 1, MNDBT = 820m, NLM = 225MW. Thy in k Mi 4, MNDBT = 260m, NLM = 210MW. Thy in Sng Cn 2, MNDBT = 312.5m, NLM = 60MW. *Trn nhnh sng Thu Bn c 1 d n : - Thy in Sng Tranh 2, MNDBT = 170m, NLM = 135MW. 1.2.2 Nhng nhim v chnh i vi cc d n thy in trn h thng sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn : - Pht in ln h thng in quc gia. - B sung ngun nc v ma kit cho h du. Cc h cha A Vng, Sng Tranh 2, Sng Bung 4, k Mi 4, Sng Cn 2, giai on nghin cu, thit k tip theo cn nh gi kh nng tham gia gim l, chm l cho h du. Trong giai on nghin cu, thit k tip theo, cc d n A Vng, k Mi 4, k Mi 1, Sng Boung 2, Sng Boung 4, cn c bin php cng trnh ph hp m bo ngun nc cho mi trng h du sau tuyn p. 1.2.3 Th t u tin xy dng cc cng trnh : - Cng trnh xy dng t u: thy in A Vng. Cc cng trnh xy dng tip theo: - Sng Tranh 2. - Sng Boung 4. - k Mi 4. - Sng Cn 2. - k Mi 1. - Sng Boung 2. - Sng Ging.

CHNG 2: NHU CU PHT TRIN V CN BNG NGUN NNG LNGSVTH: Hong Trng Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 3


2.1 NHU CU NNG LNG t nc ta tin hnh c kt qu cng cuc i mi ton din cc mt i sng kinh t x hi. Sn xut cng nghip bc vo giai on pht trin. Sn xut nng nghip, xut khu pht trin mnh, u t nc ngoi tng nhanh, khu vc kinh t t nhn pht trin kh mnh. Ngnh in Vit Nam pht trin nhanh chng: khi phc, m rng v xy dng nhiu nh my nhit in, thy in ln nh Ung B, Ph Li, B Ra, Tr An, Ho Bnh, Thc M, Hm Thun - a Mi, Yaly, cm nhit in Ph M, Mn H thng li in truyn ti v phn phi in pht trin rng khp. hnh thnh h thng in quc gia thng nht vi vic xy dng v a vo vn hnh ng dy 500kV Bc - Nam, to iu kin khai thc hp l v hiu qu, cung cp ngun in cho s pht trin kinh t x hi trn ton b t nc Trn c s s pht trin kinh t d bo c cu nhu cu in giai on 20052020 phng n c s theo Tng s V hiu chnh (cp nht r sot Pmax) nh sau: Bng 2.1 Nhu cu dung in giai oan 2005-2010 [Cng ty t vn xy dng in 3]Vng in TP (GWh ) N m 2005 2010 2015 2020 C nc in SX (GWh H s ) PT(% ) 53467 64,16 95035 14715 1 20306 2 65,77 67,38 69 Min Bc in Pmax (MW ) 9512 16488 24929 33585 TP (GWh ) 17495 31083 48300 68590 H s PT(% ) 58,20 60,40 62,7 65 Pmax (MW ) 4046 7021 10538 14725 in TP (GWh ) 4685 9072 15265 21868 H s PT(% ) 59 60,7 63,1 65,5 Pmax (MW ) 1098 1959 3056 4081 Min Trung in TP (GWh ) 23502 41744 65487 89805 H s PT(% ) 68,7 69,7 70,1 70,5 Pmax (MW ) 4548 7577 11394 15216 Min Nam

45682 81900 12905 1 18026 4

Nhu cu in sn xut nm 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 ln lt l 53.5; 95.0; 147,1 v 203 t kWh. Tng ng vi tc tng trng cc giai on 2006-2010 l 12.2%/nm, giai on 2011-2015 l 9,1%/nm v 2016-2020 l 6,7%/nm. 2.2 HIN TRNG IN LC VIT NAM 2.2.1 Tnh hnh cung cp in n cui 2004 h thng in c tng cng sut lp t ca cc nh my in nc ta l 10.445MW, cng sut kh dng hn 10.223MW, trong thy in chim 39,4%, nhit in 13,8%, tua bin kh 30,5% v diesel 16,3%. 2.2.2 Tnh hnh pht trin ph ti SVTH: Hong Trng Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 4


Tnh hnh tiu th in: in nng thng phm tng hn 3,2 ln vi tc tng trng bnh qun 13,5%, c bit trong 3 nm lin tc 2001-2003, tc tng trng bnh qun t trn 15%/nm. Nm 2004 d kin in thng phm 39,95 t kWh. Do in tiu th tng trng qu nhanh, dn n h thng li in truyn ti v phn phi b qu ti mnh, phi tin hnh nhanh chng qu ti cc b ca nhiu khu vc. Trong c cu tiu th, t trng tiu th in cho cng nghip trong c giai on 1995-2004 tng t 38% n 44,5%. V tiu th in trong dn dng chim t trng 4551%, cao nht nm 1999 chim 51,2%, nm 2003 l 45,9% v tng kt 10 thng nm 2004 l 45%. V tiu th in thng mi, khch sn nh hng v hot ng khc tc tng trng bnh qun 16,8%/ nm 2.2.3 D bo nhu cu ph ti Trn c s cc phng n pht trin kinh t, d bo nhu cu ph ti ton quc giai on 2005-2015 nh sau: Bng 2.2 D bao nhu cu phu tai toan quc giai oan 2005-2015 [Cng ty t vn xy dng in 3] n v: MW Nm 2005 2010 2015

4046 7021 10538 Min Bc Min Trung 1098 1959 3056 Min Nam 4548 7577 11394 Ton quc 9512 16488 24929 2.3 TNH TON NNG LNG, CN BNG CNG SUT V IN LNG CA H THNG 2.3.1 Hin trng ngun in Vit Nam H thng in Vit Nam hin c cc trm thy in v nhit in ang vn hnh (tnh n cui nm 2004):


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Bng 2.3 Cac tram thuy in va nhit in ang vn hanh trn toan quc (tinh n cui nm 2004) [Cng ty t vn xy dng in 3] TT Tn nh my in Cng sut lp my (MW) Cng sut kh dng (MW) I Thy in 4198 4210 + Thc B 108 120 + Ha Bnh 1920 1920 + Yaly 720 720 + Vnh Sn 66 66 + Sng Hinh 70 70 + a Nhim 160 160 + Tr An 400 400 + Thc M 150 150 + Hm Thun 300 300 + a Mi 175 175 + Cn n 78 78 + Thy in nh 51 51 II Nhit in 2068 2018 + Ung B (than) 105 105 + Ninh Bnh (than) 100 100 + Ph Li 1 (than) 440 400 + Ph Li 2 (than) 600 600 + Na Dng (than) 100 100 + Formosa (than) 150 150 + Th c (du) 165 156 + Tr Nc (du) 33 32 + Hip Phc (NM 375 375 c lp) III Tua bin kh (TBK) 3659 3567 + Th c 128 70 + B Ra 389 378 + Ph M 2.1 &2.1 709 709 MR + Ph M 1 1113 1090 + Ph M 3 720 720 + Ph M 4 450 450 + Tr Nc 150 150 IV Diesel 245 153 + Min Bc 0 0 + Min Trung 176 91 SVTH: Hong Trng Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 6


+ Min Nam 69 62 + Mua ngoi 275 275 Tng cng 10.445 10.223 2.3.2 S pht trin ngun in Vit Nam Theo Tng s pht trin in lc Vit Nam giai on 2001-2010 c xt trin vng nm 2020 ( n hiu chnh c Th tng ph duyt theo quyt nh 40/2003/Q-TTg ngy 21/03/2003), cc d n ngun in do Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam lm ch u t giai on 2003-2010 nh sau: Bng 2.4 S phat trin in lc Vit Nam giai oan 2001-2010 [Cng ty t vn xy dng in 3] TT Tn cng trnh Cng sut (MW) 160 150 450 300 260 342 2x150 210 75 64 100 100 320 510 160 70 220 220 280 200 173 86 220 360 600 300 300 Nm vn hnh

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

ui hi Ph M 2.1 ui hi Ph M 2.1MR TBKHH Ph M 4 Nhit in than Ung B MR Thy in S San 3 Thy in Tuyn Quang Thy in i Ninh Thy in A Vng 1 M rng thy in Thc M Thy in Qung Tr Thy in ak Rinh Thy in Plei Krng Thy in Bn L (Ngh An 1) Thy in ng Nai 3,4 Thy in Sng Tranh 2 Thy in Sng Cn 2 Thy in Sng Ba H Thy in Thng Kon Tum Thy in Bun Kp Thy in Bn Cht Thy in An Kh + Ka Nak Thy in Bun Tua Srah Thy in Srpok 3 Thy in S San 4 Nhit in du kh Mn 1 Nhit in than Ninh Bnh m rng Nhit in than Ung B m rng, #2

2003 2005 2003-2004 2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2007 2008 2007 2009 2008 2008 2009-2010 2009 2010 2010-2011 2010-2011 2008-2009 2010 2009 2009 2009-2010 Sau 2010 2006-2007 2007 2008


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Nhit in Nhn Trch 600 (*) 2007-2008 Nhit in Nghi Sn 600 2010-2011 (**) Nhit in Hi Phng 600 2006-2007 Nhit in Qung Ninh 600 2008-2009 Nhitin Mn 2(theo cng ngh TBKCTHH) 750 2010-2011 (*) (**) Giai on 1: 600 MW Giai on 2: theo cng ngh t than V cc d n ngun in do doanh nghip ngoi Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam lm ch u t (theo quyt nh 40/2003/Q-TTg ngy 21/03/2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph) giai on 2003-2010 nh sau: Bng2.5 Cc d n ngun in do doanh nghip ngoi Tng Cng ty in lc 28 29 30 31 32 Vit Nam lm ch u t: [Cng ty t vn xy dng in 3] TT Tn cng trnh Cng sut (MW) 72 720 720 100 100 97 108 35 51 34 76 72 38 29 24 34 23 20 72 53 90 70 6 16 11 5 Nm vn hnh

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Thy in Cn n Nh my in Ph M 3 Nh my in Ph M 2.2 Nhit in Na Dng Nhit in Cao Ngn Thy in Ca t Thy in S San 3A Thy in Bc Bnh Thy in Srok Phu Ming Thy in Ngi Bo Thy in Ngi Pht Thy in Nhn Hc & Bn Cc Thy in La Ngu Thy in Bnh in Thy in Tr Som Thy in Eak Rng Rou Thy in Bo Lc Thy in i Nga Thy in ak Rtih Thy in Thc Mui Thy in Na Le Thy in Cc San Chu Linh Thy in an Sch Thy in a Dng achamo Thy in Nm Mu Thy in Sng Hiu

2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2010 2006 2008 2006 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 Trang 8



27 Thy in Eak Rng Hnng 65 2008 28 Thy in Iagrai 9 2008 29 Nhit in C Mau 720 2006 30 Nhit in Cm Ph 300 2006 2.3.3 Cn bng nng lng cho h thng in quc gia Trn c s cc ngun in hin c v d kin pht trin trong tng lai (tham kho cc d n ngun in v ang c lp d n tin kh thi v kh thi) bng cn bng nng lng h thng in quc gia nm 2005-2015 nh sau:


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Bng 2.6

Bng cn bng nng lng h thng in quc gia nm 2008- 2015: [Cng ty t vn xy dng in 3], n v: GWh 2005 20273 17565 -2708 9127 8438 33193 35899 2706 4400 4390 10 31499 4975 26525 2006 2917 19116 -3801 9345 9771 37737 41406 3669 5797 5578 219 35609 5229 30379 2007 25764 21292 -4472 9854 11438 42590 46064 3474 6751 6379 372 39313 5630 33683 2008 28871 27134 -1737 11152 15982 47814 49557 1743 9564 9489 75 39993 6992 33001 2009 32230 33328 1098 12554 20774 53364 52272 -1092 13760 13760 2010 35842 37251 1409 13020 24230 59193 57801 -1392 17346 17346 2011 39350 42870 3520 18790 24080 65461 61959 -3502 19914 19914 2012 43056 49902 6846 24148 25753 71985 65179 -6806 20233 20233 44946 8742 36204 2013 46878 55289 8411 29736 25553 78626 70222 -8404 20679 20679 49544 8743 40800 2014 50844 58797 7953 32533 26264 85407 77485 -7922 21001 21001 56484 8901 47583 2015 54920 59405 4485 32791 26614 92230 87774 -4456 24447 24447 63327 10335 52992

TT Ch tiu/Nm MIN BC Tng nhu cu HT Bc Tng in sn xut Cn i min Bc I. Thy in + nhp khu II. Nhit in Tng nhu cu HT Trung+Nam Tng in sn xut Cn i min Trung+Nam MIN TRUNG I. Thy in + nhp khu II. Nhit in MIN NAM I. Thy in + nhp khu II. Nhit in TON QUC Tng nhu cu Tng in sn xut Cn i tha(+), thiu(-) Trong : Thy in Nhit in than Nhit in kh + du Nhp khu

38512 40455 42044 7698 8549 8665 30814 31907 33379

53466 60654 68345 76685 85594 95035 104811 115041 125504 136251 147150 53464 60521 67356 76690 85601 95052 104828 115080 125511 136282 147178 -2 -133 -998 5 7 17 17 39 7 31 28 17941 9329 25633 551 19440 10696 29454 711 21152 12406 32715 711 26959 16920 32063 673 33034 21708 29880 979 37130 25104 31033 1784 62320 27611 51995 5253


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Bng 2.7: Bng cn bng cng sut h thng in quc gia giai on 2008-2015: [Cng ty t vn xy dng in 3], n v: MW TT A Ch tiu/Nm 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 MIN BC TNG NHU CU MIN BC 3977 4462 4979 5538 6137 6774 Tng cng sut kh dng HT Bc 3523 3848 4212 6494 7749 8429 CS sa cha bo dng 69 173 140 248 208 223 Cn i min Bc -523 -787 -907 708 1404 1432 T l d phng (sau sa cha)% -13,2 -17,6 -18,2 12,8 22,9 21,1 Thy in + nhp khu 2138 3163 2527 2917 3272 3652 Nhit in 1385 1685 1685 3577 4477 4777 TNG NHU CU M.TRUNG+NAM 5616 6313 7075 7912 8997 9950 Tng cng sut kh dng Trung+Nam 7482 7900 9165 10296 11510 13357 CS sa cha bo dng 243 544 1082 1039 1139 1107 T l d phng (sau sa cha)% 28,9 16,5 14,2 17,0 15,3 20,1 Cn i HT Trung+Nam 1623 1043 1008 1345 1374 2000 MIN TRUNG 994 1362 1573 2539 3285 4172 Thy in + nhp khu 903 1271 1482 2448 3285 4172 Nhit in 91 91 91 91 MIN NAM 6488 6538 7592 7757 8225 9185 Thy in + nhp khu 1227 1227 1611 1776 2076 2318 Nhit in 5261 5261 5981 5981 6149 6867 Tng nhu cu Ton quc 9593 10775 12054 13450 15134 16724 Tng cng sut kh dng 11005 11748 13377 16790 19259 21759 CS sa cha bo dng 312 717 1222 1287 1347 1630 CS d phng 1100 256 101 2053 2778 3432 T l d phng ton quc% 11,5 2,4 0,8 15,3 18,4 20,5 Trang 11 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

I. II. B

I. II. I. II.

7382 8017 8663 9326 9999 10467 11687 13069 13669 14573 146 2939 3670 4406 4343 4574 39,8 45,8 50,9 46,6 45,7 5690 6910 8292 8892 8792 4777 4777 4777 4777 5781 10980 12048 13131 14232 15334 14412 14412 16216 17532 19384 1254 1130 1348 1285 1290 19,8 10,2 13,2 14,2 18,0 2178 1234 1737 2015 2760 4555 4555 4765 5204 5634 4555 4555 4765 5204 5634 9857 9857 11451 12328 13750 2318 2318 2318 2569 2776 7539 7539 9133 9759 10974 18362 20065 21794 23558 25333 24879 26099 29285 31201 33923 1400 1130 1348 1285 1290 5117 4904 6143 6358 7334 27,9 24,4 27,2 27,0 29,0


TMATN: LP D N U T NH MY THU IN A VNG 1 GVHD: GVC.ThS.NGUYN NG THCH

2.4 NH GI CHUNG m bo nhu cu nng lng cho pht trin kinh t vi cc d bo ni trn, in lc Vit Nam phi c gng rt ln. Theo cc kt qu nghin cu gn y th d c khai thc mi tim nng v thy in, kh, than, du th n nm 2010-2015 vn khng p ng v phi s dng nng lng ht nhn pht in mi m bo nhu cu ca t nc. iu kin t nhin thun li ti khu vc v ngun nc sng A Vng cho php khai thc c t d n thy in A Vng ngun in c cng sut 215MW v in lng trung bnh nm khong 846 triu kWh, cng vi tc dng iu tit ngun nc ca h cha l mt ng gp b sung c ngha cho s pht trin kinh t ca khu vc min Trung ni ring v nn kinh t nc ta ni chung. Vic y nhanh tin lp d n TXDCT v cc giai on tip theo ca d n thy in A Vng kp a nh my vo vn hnh cui nm 2007 l rt cn thit nhm p ng s thiu ht phn no cng sut v tham gia ph nh ca h thng in quc gia. 2.5 NHIM V THIT K CA CNG TRNH THY IN A VNG Nhim v ca cng trnh thy in A Vng l : -To ngun cung cp in cho li in Quc gia. -Cung cp nc y mn v ma kit cho khu vc h du cng trnh. -Gp phn lm chm l khu vc h du cng trnh. Ngoi nhim v pht in, hiu ch v cp nc v lm chm l cho h du tuy rt ng k nhng khng c coi l mc tiu u t ca d n.

SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A

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CHNG 3: IU KIN T NHIN KHU VC D N 3.1 C IM KH HU THY VN 3.1.1 Khi qut v t im a l thy vn

Hnh 3.1 : S mng li Trm kh tng v Trm o ma lu vc A Vng I Lu vc sng A Vng nm trong khu vc khng ch bi ta 15 0 46 - 16 0 04 v Bc l 107 0 23 - 107 0 43 kinh ng .Pha Bc tip gip vi lu vc sng T Trch v Hu Trch (ph lu cp 1 ca sng Hng), pha Nam tip gip vi cc lu vc sng cp 1 ca sng Boung, pha ng tip gip vi lu vc sng Cn


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(ph lu cp 1 ca sng V Gia), pha Ty tip gip vi lu vc sng Xe Kong(ph lu cp 1 ca sng M Cng). Tng din tch lu vc l 682 km 2 vi chiu di sng chnh l 60 km v h thp khong 1060 m. Sng A Vng l mt trong nhng nhnh sng ca sng Boung thuc h thng sng Vu Gia-Thu Bn, bt ngun t vng ni pha Ty Bc thuc bin gii Vit Lo c cao 1400 m v hp vi h lu sng Boung cch tuyn nh my A Vng d kin khong 9 km v pha thng lu. T ngun n th trn Hin, sng A Vng c hng chnh l Ty ng, c to thnh bi nhiu sng nhnh nh Tam Ar Te, Kortinggue, Tamyavou .Tt c cc nhnh sng ny u c hng chy l Ty Bc - ng Nam. Trong on sng ny lng sng rt hp v dc, hai b sng c nhiu vch dng ng. T Hin n hp lu vi sng Boung , sng A Vng chy theo hng Bc Nam, Cng nh phn thng ngun, lng sng trong on ny c nhiu ch hp v dc, c nhiu vch dng ng hai bn b, lng sng thng l . Tuy nhin trong on ny bt u xut hin nhiu ch c lng sng tng i rng nh on sng phi thng lu tuyn p d kin, l iu kin tt cho vic xy dng h cha nc. a hnh lu vc sng A Vng thuc loi hnh vng ni c cc nh ni cao t 900m (ti phn thy pha nam) n 1450m (ti phn thy pha Bc) vi mc chia ct rt mnh, cc sn ni thng dc v lng sng rt su. Hng chnh ca lu vcl hng n gi ng Nam. Th nhng trn lu vc sng A Vng ch yu l t eluvi trn cc loi : granit, phin silc, ct kt quaczit, ct bt kt nu c chiu dy nh(1-3 m) cc vng cao, t bi t ven sng sui v thung lng bao gm st, st mu xam vng c chiu dy tng i ln ( t 10-15 m).Rng chim khong 60% tng din tch thuc l rng thng xanh ma ma nhit i vi cc loi cy h du chim u th. Cc c trng a l thy vn ca sng A Vng ti tuyn cng trnh thy in A Vng c ch ra trong bng 3.1. Bng 3.1 Cc c trng a l thy vn STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 c trng Din tch lu vc Chiu di sng chnh rng trung bnh ca lu vc cao trung bnh ca lu vc dc trung bnh ca sng ca sng Mt li sng VT Km2 Km Km m % m Km/Km2 A Vng 682 60.0 11.4 800 21.0 1060 0.35


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3.1.2 iu kin kh hu Nm trong min kh hu ng Trng Sn-Trung Trung B,vi c im l khng c ma ng r rt,lng ma nm kh phong ph nhng tp trung khng u 3.1.2.1. Nhit khng kh Nhit trung bnh hng nm ca khng kh kh n nh, dao ng trong khong t 250C 270C ( Nng), 240C 250C (Tr Mi), 240C 250C (Nam ng). Nhit trung bnh hng thng thay i t 19.50C -28.00C (Tr Mi), v t 17.40 C 29.10C (Nam ng). Nhit trong ngy bin i ln hn nhiu, c bit trong cc thng ma kh bin ngy m c th ln ti t 120C 140C. Thng lnh nht thng l thnh I, nhit thp nht trong thi gian k quan trc l 9.20C ( Nng), 10.40C (Tr Mi), 8.70C (Nam ng). Thng nng nht thng l thng V hoc l thng VI, nhit cao nht trong thi gian k quan trc l 40.50C ( Nng), 40.50C (Tr Mi), 41.00C (Nam ng). Cc c trng v nhit hng thng, nm,cao nht, thp nht ca mt s trm trn lu vc sng Vu Gia -Thu Bn c ch ra trong bng 3.2. Bng 3.2 Nhit trung bnh, cao nht, thp nht tuyt i (0C) Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII TB Max Min Thi k quan trc Cao trm(m) TB 24.1 22.3 24.0 26.2 28.1 29.1 29.1 28.9 27.4 25.8 24.0 22.1 26.5 Nng Max 34.0 37.0 39.9 39.9 40.5 40.1 39.1 39.5 38.2 35.2 31.9 30.4 40.5 9.2 1976-2001 5.8 1976-2001 Min 10.3 13.1 12.7 18.3 20.6 22.8 22.6 22.4 20.7 16.9 14.6 9.2 TB 19.9 21.0 23.6 26.2 27.3 27.8 27.8 27.5 26.1 24.3 22.2 20.0 24.5 Nam ng Max 35.5 37.7 39.5 40.9 41.0 40.1 38.8 39.7 38.8 35.5 35.0 34.2 41.0 8.7 1976-2001 Min 10.6 11.7 10.6 16.8 18.0 19.8 20.3 20.4 18.5 15.1 13.2 8.7 TB 20.7 21.9 24.1 26.1 26.7 27.0 26.9 26.8 25.7 24.2 22.4 20.5 24.4 Tr Mi Max 32.8 35.8 37.9 40.5 38.9 38.7 37.9 38.2 36.7 34.1 32.4 31.9 40.5 10.4 Min 11.8 13.0 12.9 18.2 19.9 20.2 20.8 20.2 19.0 15.1 14.1 10.4


Trang 15


3.1.2.2. m khng kh Gi tr trung bnh nm, thng ca m khng kh trn lu vc kh n nh. Tr s m tng i trung bnh thng trong ma ma thay i t 80- 90%, trong ma kh t 76 80%. m tng i ln xy ra vo thi k ma ma vi gi tr cc i l 100%. m tng i nh xy ra vo thi k ma ma vi gi tr nh nht ltrong thi k quan trc l 28%. Cc gi tr m tng i trung bnh thng, m cao nht, thp nht tuyt i trong thi k quan trc c ch ra trong bng 3.3 Bng 3.3 m tng i khng kh (%) Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Trung bnh Min Nng TB 84.9 84.8 84.5 834 80.3 77.1 76.7 78.0 82.3 85.2 85.1 85.7 82.4 MIN 48.0 46.0 38.0 51.0 43.0 40.0 39.0 36.0 48.0 46.0 46.0 43.0 Nam ng TB 89.3 88.1 84.3 81.8 81.8 80.7 79.7 81.8 87.1 90.5 91.7 92.0 58.7 MIN 34.0 32.0 28.0 31.0 32.0 30.0 37.0 35.0 35.0 45.0 44.0 45.0 Tr Mi TB 89.5 87.4 84.5 82.9 84.7 84.6 84.1 84.5 88.0 90.7 92.8 92.4 87.2 MIN 48.0 43.0 36.0 32.0 34.0 43.0 41.0 39.0 51.0 44.0 52.0 40.0

36.0

28.0

32.0

3.1.2.3. Gi Gi thay i theo ma, nhng nhn chung trong khu vc ny th c cc hng gi thnh hnh chnh l gi ng (16.7%), gi Nam (11.5%) v Ty Nam (10.3%). Gi ng gn nh hot ng quanh nm, gi Ty v Ty Nam hot ng mnh nht vo cc thng 5,6,7,8. Tc gi ln nht trong thi k quan trc ti trm kh tng Nng l 40 m/s. Tnh ton tc gi ln nht theo cc tn sut thit k c thc hin bng phng php thng k vi hm phn b Gumbel, kt qu cho trong bng 3.4. Tn sut xut hin gi theo 8 hng cho trong bng 3.5 Bng 3.4 Tc gi ln nht 8 hng (m/s) Trm Nng P(%) N NE 1 42.0 21.3 2 38.0 19.7 3 35.6 18.7 4 34.0 18.1 5 32.6 17.5 10 28.5 15.9 20 24.2 14.2 50 17.7 11.5 Trang 16



E SE S SW W NW

19.4 19.1 23.0 23.9 27.6 33.9

17.9 17.5 20.8 22.0 24.7 30.9

17.0 16.6 19.4 20.8 23.0 29.2

16.4 15.9 18.5 20.0 21.8 28.0

16.0 15.4 17.8 19.4 20.9 27.1

14.4 13.7 15.5 17.4 17.9 24

12.9 12.0 13.1 15.3 14.8 21.0

10.5 9.3 9.5 12.2 10.1 16.2

Bng 3.5 Tn xut gi 8 hng ti trm kh tng Nng Hng N Tn 6.92 sut(%) NE 3.48 E 16.67 SE 5.86 S 11.53 SW 10.33 W 2.45 NW 4.45 Caml 38.30

3.1.2.4. Ma Theo ch tiu phn ma: cc thng c lng ma > 100mm v tn sut xut hin trong thi k quan trc ln hn 50% c coi l cc thng ma ma th ma ma trn lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn t thng 5 n thng 11, thng 12 v c hai nh ma: nh ma ph xut hin vo thng 5 hoc 6 sau lng ma gim dn n thng 8, nh ma chnh xut hin vo thng10. Lng ma trong ma ma chim hn 90% tng lng ma nm. Nhng nu theo ch tiu phn ma trung bnh th ma ma y l thng 5 v t thng 9 n thng 11vi nh ma l thng 10, trong 3 thng ma ma chnh (thng 9, 10 v 11 ) lng ma chim hn 50% lng ma ton nm. S ngy ma trong cc thng ma ma t 10 20 ngy, tng s ngy ma trong nm khong 80 160 ngy. Lng ma trung bnh thng, nm v lng ma ngy ln nht ca mt s trm i biu trong v ngoi lu vc c ch ra trong bng 3.6, s ngy ma trung bnh ca cc thng trong nm ti trm o ma Hin l trm gn khu vc xy dng cng trnh nht trong bng 3.6


Trang 17


Bng 3.6 Lng ma trung bnh thng, nm v lng ma ngy ln nht trong thi k quan trc ( mm ) Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Nm Ma ngy Max Thi k quan trc Cao trm(m) Nng 74.2 25.1 18.6 28.9 89.0 98.3 92.0 111.9 295.3 668.0 413.5 177.6 2092.0 402.5 1964-2001 5.8 Nam ng 99.7 49.9 49.2 86.0 211.6 218.1 150.9 200.0 417.7 1026.0 655.1 253.6 3428.0 571.0 1974-2001 Hin 15.2 11.6 23.4 96.0 232.2 223.3 141.3 135.0 327.8 572.4 329.8 96.1 2204.0 482.2 1978-2001 Tr Mi 127.6 62.1 60.9 93.1 282.9 251.0 174.1 177.3 371.8 1024.2 939.2 425.9 3990.0 493.0 1978-2001

Bng 3.7 S ngy ma trung bnh thng ti trm o Hin S ngy ma 0.0 mm 5 mm 10 mm 20 mm 50 mm I 5 1 0 0 0 II 4 1 0 0 0 III 4 2 1 0 0 IV 8 5 3 1 0 V 12 9 7 3 1 VI 10 8 7 3 1 VII VIII IX 10 7 5 2 0 11 8 6 3 0 16 10 7 4 1 X 18 13 11 7 4 XI 14 8 6 4 2 XII Nm 9 5 3 1 0 121 77 56 28 9

3.1.2.5. Bc hi S liu bc hi ca lu vc A Vng c tnh ton da trn s liu ca cc trm thu vn ln cn ( Tr My, Nng, Nam ng, akT,A Li).


Trang 18


Bng 3.8 Lng bc hi trung bnh thng ca cc trm (mm). Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Znm Tr akT T L My Nng Nam ng A Li A Vng(tt) phn phi (%) 39.8 67.2 47.4 37.1 185.9 62.45 7.11 46.4 66.8 53.5 39.8 125.3 59.52 6.78 64.9 80.1 78.9 59.6 158.4 81.62 9.29 77.5 84.8 97.8 70.5 121.7 89.51 10.19 74.2 104.6 94.3 85.2 83.9 90.11 10.26 71.2 116.6 99.3 122.2 54.76 98.50 11.21 72.3 122.5 106.6 136.9 52.13 105.28 11.99 69.5 114.3 96.6 123.8 46.73 96.37 10.97 48.2 82.2 62.8 56.7 46.06 60.81 6.92 37.1 69.5 48.3 39 59.85 49.45 5.63 28.3 63.6 33.6 27.7 88.27 42.45 4.83 25.8 58.2 31.4 25.6 110.1 42.33 4.82 655.2 1030.4 850.4 824 1133.1 878.41 100.00

Lng bc hi trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc A Vng I, t ti liu thc o bng ng Piche, trong thi k 1978-2005 theo cc trm tng t l ZPiche = 884,8 mm. Ta thy s liu lng bc hi mt nc cc tnh pha Nam cha c nghin cu y , s liu bc hi trm nghin cu c ly theo tr s bc hi chu A ca trm Nng (1965-1974) nh sau : Bng 3.9: Lng bc hi (mm) trung bnh chu A ca trm Nng. Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Nm 1941 Zchu 135 138 173 172 241 219 238 207 185 155 129 121 T s liu quan trc ti trm kh tng Nng: Quan h gia bc hi mt nc v bc hi chu A: Cp = 0,75. Quan h gia bc hi chu A v bc hi Piche ca lu vc, c xc nh theo:K= Z chauA 2110 = = 2,4 Z Piche 878 ,41

(3.1) Nh vy, lng bc hi mt nc ca lu vc sng A Vng c xc nh nh sau: Zn = Cp . Z (3.2) SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 19chuA


Lng bc hi b mt h bng : Zn = Cp. K. Z (3.3) Bc hi t b mt lu vc c xc nh bng phng trnh cn bng nc: Zo = Xo-Yo (3.4) Lng ma bnh qun ca lu vc bng Xo = 2545(mm). Lng dng chy bnh qun Yo bng :Y0 = W0 Q0 T 46,5 12 30,5 24 3600 10 9 = = = 2122 (mm ) F F 1012 682Piche

= 0,75 . 2,4 . 878,41 = 1581,14 (mm)

(3.5) Z0 = X0 Y0 = 2545-2122 = 423 (mm). Tn tht bc hi gia tng khi c h cha s l: Z = Zn - Zo = 1581,14 423 = 1157,90 (mm). (3.6) Bng 3.10 Bng phn phi tn tht bc hi trong nm ti h A Vng

3.2 C S TRC C A HNH Cng tc kho st a hnh phc v lp d n cng trnh thy in A Vng thc hin khi lng sau y : 3.2.1. Li khng ch: Lp cho khu vc o c a hnh. - ng chuyn cp 2.Lp cho cc khu vc o v bn 1/2000, cc khu vc o v bn 1/500, o v mt ct h lu. Tng cng 104 im. -Thy chun hng IV : dn cao cho cc mc cho cc khu vc o v bn 1/500. Tng chiu di 10 km. - Thy chun k thut : dn cao cho cc mc khu vc o v bn 1/2000, 1/500 v mt ct. Tng chiu di 90 km, H cao ta cng trnh : ta UTM, cao Hn Du. 3.2.2. o v bn a hnh t l 1/2000 khong chiu cao ng bnh 1m cho cc v tr sau : -Khu ph tr tuyn p : 10 ha.


Trang 20


-Khu ph tr ca nhn nc : -Khu Ban A v T vn : -Khu ph tr nh my : -Khu c s lp my : -M t A, B (cha xong ht) : -M ct A Vng (cha xong ht) : -M ct sng Ci : Tng din tch 400 ha.

08 ha. 18 ha. 17ha. 12 ha. 95 ha. 80 ha. 160 ha.


Trang 21


3.2.3. o v a hnh t l 1/500 khong chiu cao ng bnh 0.5 m cho cc v tr sau : -Khu vc tuyn p, p trn quay, hm dn dng : 100 ha. -Ca nhn nc, ngch thi cng s 1 : 37 ha. -B p lc, ng ng, nh my, ngch thi cng s 3, 4 : 96 ha. -Ngch thi cng s 2 : 15 ha. -C s ng hm : 17 ha. Tng din tch 265 ha. 3.2.4. o v mt ct: -Mt ct tnh thy vn : +Tuyn p : mt ct dc sng h lu di 1.62 km tnh t p chnh, 1 mt ct ngang sng sau p trn c chiu di 0.14 km. +Nh my : mt ct dc sng h lu di 2.87 km tnh t knh x nh my, 10 mt ct ngang h lu vi tng chiu di 1.72 kn. -Mt ct phc v o c a l : o 20 mt ct vi tng chiu di 8.02 km. Tng cng 14.37 km. Cc ti liu k trn c o c theo quy trnh quy phm v qua cc bc kim tra cht lng. Bng 3.11: Bng tng hp khi lng kho st a hnh. STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mc cng vic ng chuyn cp 2 Thy chun hng IV Thy chun k thut Bn 1/2000 Bn 1/500 Mt ct dc sng Mt ct ngang n v im Km Km Ha Ha Km Km Khi lng 104 10 90 400 265 4.49 9.88 Ghi ch

3.3 IU KIN A CHT CNG TRNH 3.3.1 p chnh 3.3.1.1. a hnh p chnh t cch on thc khong 100 m v pha thng lu. Trong phm vi p lng sng chy theo hng Bc Nam, v ma kh lng sng ch khong 40 m, chiu cao mc nc tnh t y sng khong 1-2 m, y sng c cao khong 304306 m, trm ng ct si v tng. Cch tm p v pha h lu khong 90m, rt nhiu tng ln kch thc t hng chc n hng trm m3 phn b lng sng v cn dng chy nn dng nc ti y co hp li ch khong 15-20 m. Hai vch b sng SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 22


rt dc khong 400-450, vai tri hi thoi hn vai phi, c hai vai u ph kn cy ci. T mp sng ln n pha sn i c nhiu khi gc nh cao hn mt t trung bnh 4-5 m c bit c nhiu khi cao n 7-8 m trong c nhiu khi tng long ri do qu trnh phong ha nt n ang trng thi khng n nh d st l nu c ma l ko di hoc do thi cng o xi phn thp hn. 3.3.1.2. a cht Mt ct a cht ca cng trnh dc theo tim p cho thy nn c t trn ct kt, bt kt b bin cht yu cha t vi xen k cui sn. Kt qu cc h khoan cho thy lng sng trm ng ct si tng c chiu dy khng u bin thin t 1-2 m n 9 m, nn khng loi tr trong phm vi nn p s c cc ti ct si dy hn nhng do nc sng che lp v cng tc kho st cha pht hin c. Hai vai p c chiu dy t eluvi v id IA1 trung bnh khong 5 m, i IA2 c chiu dy khong 2-3 m. Nm di i IA2 l di IB su khong 10 m, c bit nhiu on IB l ngay trn mt hoc ch di su 1-2 m. Phn lng sng i IB nm bn di lp ct cun si v t tng l i IB su hn l i II. Hm ngang HN1 di 60 m c o b tri trong phm vi vng p. Trong hm HN1 i IA2 gp su 3.5 m v i IB gp su 11.5 m. trong i IB v i II cng chc khng cn chng, trong qu trnh o hi m t, lu lng o ti hai im trong i II t 8 l/p v 4 l/p, lng nc chy gim dn, sau khi kt thc 10 ngy tr nn kh. Hai t gy bc V c xc nh su 24 m v 44 m. Trong i IB cc khe nt lp nht st, canxi, chiu rng khe nt trung bnh 2-3 mm. H s khe nt trung bnh 3.5 % cho thy thuc loi nt n trung bnh. Phn loi theo h thng RMR (Bieniawsky 1989) c gi tr t 57-67, ch s Q trung bnh t 6.3 (i IB) n 13.8 (i II) c xp vo loi kh n tt. Trong i II trm canxit hoc khng c cht lp nht, chiu rng khe nt trung bnh 1-3 mm. H s khe nt trung bnh 3.5 % cho thy thuc loi nt n trung bnh. ng phng ca dao ng t 1500-1900 gc dc 350-400, cm v pha h lu p. 3.3.1.3.Kin to v tnh nt n ca Kt qu kho st pht hin 4 t gy bc V trong phm vi nn p, trong c t gy chy dc theo lng sng v cm v pha ty l vai phi p vi gc cm 75 0800 quan st thc a nhn thy dc theo khe nt b nt n mnh. Ti liu o t VLF cng ghi nhn i khe nt tng cao chy dc lng sng trong phm vi nn p.


Trang 23


Kt qu o c khe nt trong hm ngang hp so snh vi cc im o dc sng cho thy c tnh nt n trung bnh. Ch s QRD i IB v II trong hm ngang t 60-80 %. Cc h khoang dc tim c t l nn trong cng i IB v i II>80%, ch s RQD i IB trung bnh 60 %, i II l 75 %. iu cho thy c tnh nt n yu n trung bnh, c cht lng kh tt 3.3.1.4. Tnh thm ca t Quan st mc nc trong l khoan cho thy mc nc di t v ma kh phn b kh su dao ng t 10-15 m phn thp va t 25-30 m phn trn cao, d kin dng khng nhiu vo ma ma do a hnh kh dc. Kt qu th nghim thm hin trng cho thy tnh thm ca t trong phm vi tuyn p thuc loi nh n trung bnh, h s thm trong eluvi v IA1 trung bnh 3x10-4 cm/s, i IA2 khong 10-12 Lu, trong i IB gi tr Lu trung bnh l 4 Lu, thay i t 1.6-9 Lu; i II trung bnh 2.2 Lu, thay i t 0.7-6.4 Lu. Kt qu phn tch cho thy nc di t khng c tnh n mn b tng. 3.3.1.5. Tnh cht c l ca t a Nn cng i IB v i II thuc loi cng chc n rt cng chc, cng khng nn 1 trc kh cao, trng thi bo ha, i IB trung bnh 590 kG/cm2 (bin thin t 420-880 kG/cm2); i II trung bnh 750 kG/cm2 (bin thin t 420-1000 kG/cm2). Bng 3.12 Ch tiu c l t m t nhin Lp i % T nhin EQ IA1 24.4 20 1.85 1.85 Dung trng g/cm3 Cng khng ct T nhin Bo ha Bo ha C, kG/cm2 C, kG/cm2 2 1 1.73 1 0.3 9 0.25 2 2 1.85 4 0.35 2 0.25

i

Dung trng kh g/cm3

Cng Cng M M khng ct H s f un un khng h s tip xc bin bin nn khng b tng- dng dng kG/cm2 n v Kh x103 x103 Bo C Kh Bo tang Kg/cm3 Kg/cm3 ha (Kg/cm2) gi ha gi Trang 24



IA IB II

2.30 2.69 2.77

80 50 360 290 580 500

IB 2.50 0.50 2.50 2.00 II 2.65 1.50 5.00 4.00 D m 1.80 0.35 0.20 st 3.3.2 p trn lng sng p trn d kin b tr ngay ga lng sng.Trong phm vi p trn phn lng sng trm ng ct si tng dy 1-2m. Nh trnh by phn p chnh c 1 t gy bc V chy dc lng sng , dc theo khe nt nt n v vn nn khng loi tr c th c cc ti ct si tng dy hn nhng do nc song che lp v cng tc kho st cha pht hin c. Bn di lp ct si l ct kt i II. cng chc kh nng chi ti nn p trn. Ngay sau v tr h xi p trn hai mp b sng l gc cng chc, nhng phn lng sng c nhiu tng ln c kch thc ln nm chng cht ln nhau cn c bc b. 3.3.3 Cng dn dng thi cng B tr chy dc theo sn vai tri. Hai u ca vo v ra cch tim p v pha 2 pha thng v h lu khong 160m. Cao b mt ca tim cng dao dng t 310m n 315m ngha l chiu su o su nht khong 12m, trung bnh khong 7-8m. y cng t trn i II, vi chiu dy t eluvi v cc i IA1-IA2 khng qu 5m nn khi lng o ch yu l i IB v i II. Do a hnh sn i kh dc v pha h lu l vch di hng trm mt nn vic thi cng cng nh bo v mi dc trnh t st l t pha trn xung l c kh khn. Mt s bin php x l nn Theo nh gi a cht cng trnh nu trn, p chnh v p trn c xy dng trn nn thuc i IB v i II ca bt kt xen cui sn kt ca h tng sng Boung (T1-2sb1) c coi l tt c th xy dng p c kt cu b tng hoc . Di y kin ngh mt s bin php x l nh sau: - Hai vai p nht l phn trn cao, c nhiu khi tng long ri khng n nh, m bo an ton, khi bt u thi cng cng trnh cc khi ny cn bc b bng cch n mn bt gim chiu cao cc tng ln. Vai tri p c th xy ra mt n nh do c 1 h thng khe nt kh dc cm ra pha ngoi sn i cn gia c mi dc o cn kt hp gia neo v phun va.

5 10 50 0.50 30 50 150 0.70 50 100 350 0.75 trong i ph hy kin to 5 15 50 0.50 10 20 100 0.70

0.50 1.50 2.00

2.0 1.5 5.00 4.00 8.00 7.00


Trang 25


- Dc lng sng trong phm vi nn p, c cc khe rnh su lp nht tng ct cui si hoc bn st. Khi thi cng cn o su n i IB cng chc, nu gp cc i nt n v vn cn o su 2-3 ln chiu rng v tram b tng lt. - Phn h lu chn p phn b nhiu khi long ri, tng ln vi kch thc hng chc mt khi cng cn c bc b bng n mn. - t gy nh hng n nn, khi o t gn n nn cng trnh cn cha 0.51m o bng c gii. - Theo ti liu p nc l khoan dc tim v trong phm vi nn khu p tuyn 2 c gi tr lugenon nh. m bo chng thm cho nn p vi hng trung tm co chiu su 0,5H; 2 hng bin su t 1/3H-1/2H. 3.3.4 Khu ca ly nc 3.3.4.1. a hnh Khu vc ca ly nc t trn sn i c dc 25-300 pha thng lu tip gip vi a hnh kh bng phng c nhnh sui kh rng, bao bc 2 bn sn l 2 khe sui c nc chy quanh nm. V ma ma l lng nc t cc sui kh ln. 3.3.4.2. a cht Nn khu vc ca ly nc l phin thch anh-sericit mu xm sm, xm xanh thuc h tng A Vng. c im ca ny l c tnh phn phin, ng phng ca cm theo hng Ty Bc hoc ng Nam, gc cm 500-800 . Kt qu khoan cho thy chiu dy tng ph t eluvi st, st mu nu , nu vng bin thin t 2-4m phn thp n 10-15m phn cao hn. Bn di l i phong ha mnh IA1 thnh phn gm st v dm cc phin mm yu mu xm vng, pht xm xanh bm nhiu xt st, i c chiu dy kh ln bin thin t 10-15m n 2030m. K tip l i IA2 dy 7-8m n 20m. B mt i IB phn b su khong 40-45m t mt t, su hn l i II d kin su 55-60m 3.3.4.3. Kin to v tnh nt n ca Kt qu khoan cho ta thy trong khu vc ca ly nc phin nt n kh mnh. Quan st nn khoan, trong i IA2 phn ln v vn thnh dm cc ln st, nn thi >10cm chim t l rt t, km cng chc t ch cng chc trung bnh, trong i IB cng nt n mnh, t l mu thp nhng kh cng chc. Thy rng, do c tnh phn phin mnh, gc dc ln v 1 phn do nh hng ca thit b v cng ngh khoan nn t l nn cng nh gi tr RQD rt thp. Gi tr RQD trong i IB trung bnh khong 20-30%, trong iII trung bnh 40-50% Mt t gy bc III v 2 t gy bc IV c pht hin qua kho st thc a, phn tch mt ct a vt l v cng tc khoan, cc t gy u c phng ng BcSVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 26


Ty Nam v cm v pha sn i. Quan st dc cc nhnh sui 2 bn vai ca ly nc c nhiu mch thch anh dy t 0.5-2m ko di 20-30m xuyn ct theo mt lp ca lm v nhu c nt v ph hy mnh m chung quanh. 3.3.4.4.Tnh thm ca t Quan st mc nc trong l khoan cho thy mc nc di t v ma kh (thng 4) phn b kh su dao ng t 2025m phn trn cao. Kt qu th nghim thm hin trng cho thy tnh thm ca t trong phm vi tuyn p thuc loi nh n trung bnh, h s thm trong t eluvi va IA1 trung bnh 310-4 cm/s, gi tr Lu ca i IB trung bnh l 7.4LU (2.812.7Lu), i II 5Lu (111.5Lu) Kt qu phn tch cho thy nc di t c tnh n mn yu vi b tng theo ch tiu HCO3. 3.3.4.5.Tnh cht c l ca t Kt qu trnh by cc bng trn cho thy t c cng trung bnh, kt qu SPT cho gi tr Ntb=20, t cht.Nn cng i IB v i II thuc loi cng chc trung bnh. Bng 3.13 Ch tiu c l t Dung trng g/cm3 Cng khng ct m t nhin T nhin Bo ha Lp i % T nhin Bo ha C, kG/cm2 C, kG/cm2 2 1 EQ 24.4 1.85 1.73 1 0.3 9 0.25 2 2 IA1 20 1.85 1.85 4 0.35 2 0.25 Cng Cng M M khng ct H s f un un khng h s tip xc bin bin nn khng b tng- dng dng kG/cm2 n v Kh x103 x103 Bo C Kh Bo tang Kg/cm3 Kg/cm3 ha (Kg/cm2) gi ha gi 80 50 5 10 50 0.50 0.50 2.0 1.5 360 290 30 50 150 0.70 1.50 5.00 4.00 580 500 50 100 350 0.75 2.00 8.00 7.00 trong i ph hy kin to Trang 27

i

Dung trng kh g/cm 2

IA IB II

2.30 2.69 2.77



IB II D m st

2.50 2.65 1.80

5 10

15 20

50 100

0.50 0.70 0.35

0.50 1.50 0.20

2.50 2.00 5.00 4.00

nh gi iu kin a cht cng trnh khu ca ly nc : Khu vc ca ly nc c iu kin a cht phc tp, nh trnh by phn trn quan st cc vt l dc sui, taluy ng cng nh nn khoang cho thy c rt nhiu mch thch anh xuyn ct chng cht trong phin lm nt n mnh to nn cc i, nt n tng cao v qu trnh phong ha mnh lm cho b mt i IB tt xung kh su, khong 40-45 m. Ti v tr d kin t ca ly nc, b mt cng i IB xut hin cao trnh 340 m n 350 m, trnh nh hng ca t gy, kin ngh v tr ca ly nc cn dch chuyn v pha sn i c cao b mt khong 390-395 m on tip gip vi ca hm chnh nm trong tt i II v c b mt i IB cao hn. 3.3.5 ng hm dn nc ng hm dn nc chy theo hng TB-N di khong 5200 m, chy di cc nh i c cao t 600-850 m theo hng TB-N, trc khi n ging iu p khong 360 m. Trn b mt a hnh b phn cch. 3.4 IU KIN DN SINH KINH T 3.4.1. Tnh hnh dn sinh trong khu vc d n. Tnh Qung Nam c din tch t nhin 10506.83 km2, dn s tnh n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2000 l 1405426 ngi, mt dn s 135 ngi/1km2. Tnh c 14 huyn 2 th x. Tnh Qung Nam c thnh phn cc dn tc rt phong ph. Trong ng nht l ngi Kinh. V c cu dn s ca tnh Qung Nam, s ngi trong tui di 45 chim 81.08% tng s dn trong tnh. Huyn ng Giang c din tch t nhin 1712.49 km2, dn s tnh n 31 thng 12 nm 2000 l 33.320 ngi, mt dn s ngi 19.46 ngi /1km2 . Huyn ng Giang c 20 x v 1 th trn. Huyn ng Giang c nhiu dn tc sinh sng, ng nht l ngi K Tu chim 82.70%, Kinh chim 17.15%, ngi dn tc khc chim 0.15%. Huyn ng Giang vng d n l huyn c dn s thp th 3 trong tnh. Cc ch tiu v dn c dn tc huyn ng Giang v cc x vng d n cho trong bng sau: Bng 3.14. Cc s liu v din tch, dn c, dn tc huyn ng Giang v cc x vng d n NMT AVng.


Trang 28


STT Ch tiu Huyn ng Giang X M Coih X Dang Tng d n 2 x 2 1 Din tch t nhin Km 1712.49 177.80 86.00 263.80 2 Dn s 33344 1312 1292 2604 3 S h H 4 S khu Khu 5 Ngi dn tc (t l) (%) 6 Dn tc K Tu (%) 82.7 98.2 98 7 Dn tc Kinh (%) 17.1 1.8 2 8 Dn tc khc (%) 0.2 0 0 9 Mt dn s ng/km2 19 0.7 15 3.4.2 Tnh hnh kinh t. Hot ng kinh t chnh ca tnh Qung Nam l sn xut nng nghip, lm nghip v thy sn. Cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip, xy dng v cc ngnh dch v khc mi nm mt tng trng v ngy cng chim t trng cao hn trong nn kinh t ton tnh. 3.4.2.1 Ngnh nng - lm nghip. T trng GDP ca ngnh nng, lm nghip chim 35.79% tng sn phm trong tnh. t nng nghip chim 10.63%; t dng vo lm nghip chim 41.32% tng din tch t ton tnh. Bnh qun t nng nghip trn u ngi ton tnh l 0.079 ha. Ring ti huyn ng Giang din tch t nng nghip chim t l khong 4.12%. huyn ng Giang ch tiu t nng nghip trn u ngi l 0.212 ha cao hn so vi bnh qun ton tnh. Sn phm trng trt chnh ca tnh Qung Nam l cc loi cy hng nm nh: cy lng thc, rau u...vi din tch chim ti 74.8% t nng nghip. Cc loi cy lu nm c t l canh tc nh, ch chim 0.55% t nng nghip. Ring cc loi cy lng thc nh la mu c t l khong 44.39%. Do vy sn lng lng thc bnh qun u ngi tnh Qung Nam khong 391.4kg l tng i cao so vi ton quc. Hin trng s dng t nng nghip ca tnh Qung Nam, huyn ng Giang, v cc x trong vng d n cho trong bng 3.14 v 3.15.

Bng 3.15: Tnh hnh s dng t nm 2000 ti cc x vng d n NMT AVng. STT Ch tiu n v X M Cooi ha 17780 X Dang 8600 Tng 26380 Trang 29

1 Din tch t nhin



Din tch t nng nghip Din tch t lm nghip c rng Din tch t th c Din tch t chuyn dng Din tch t cha s dng v sng 6 sui, ni 2 3 4 5

ha ha ha ha ha

291.68 11809 6.00 14.74 5658.58

287.69 5008 5.50 8.5 3290.31

579.37 16817 11.5 23.24 8948.89

Bng 3.16. Tnh hnh s dng t nng nghip nm 2000 ti tnh Qung Nam v huyn ng Giang. STT I I.1 I.2 I.3 II II.1 II.2 II.3 III IV V Ch tiu Cy hng nm La, la mu t chuyn rau Cy CN hng nm(bng,m,ma...) Cy lu nm Cy cng nghip lu nm Cy n qu Cy lu nm khc t trng c t mt nc dng cho ng nghip t vn lin nh Tng din tch t nng nghip n v ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha Ton tnh Huyn ng Giang 82732 5328.60 49097 5104.00 11357 165.10 21544 59.50 6705 1726.27 2629 2096 1980 57 1688 19424 110906 7054.87

Ngnh chn nui kh ph trin trong c cu nng nghip tnh Qung Nam. Cc loi con ch yu l tru b, ln, gia cm. S liu chn nui gia sc ca tnh Qung Nam, huyn ng Giang v cc x vng d n cho trong bng 3.16:

Bng 3.17: Hin trng chn nui tnh Qung Nam v huyn ng Giang STT 1 2 3 4 Loi con Tru B Ln Gia cm Ton tnh (con) 52668 212516 474116 3817283 Huyn ng Giang (con) 1541 4770 10850


Trang 30


3.4.2.2. Ngnh thy sn. Hin nay trn a bn tnh Qung Nam c 4928 ha din tch mt nc nui trng thy sn. Phn ln l nui c nc ngt. Gi tr sn xut ca ngnh thy sn ch chim 7.48% tng gi tr sn sut ca cc ngnh kinh t trong tnh. Din tch nui trng thy hi sn ca huyn hin hu nh rt nh, ch yu l cc ao nh ca gia nh; sn lng ch chim 4.24% tng gi tr sn xut ca cc ngnh kinh t trong huyn. Din tch v sn lng nui trng thy sn ton tnh Qung Nam cho trong bng 3.178. Din tch nui trng thy sn nc ngt ca tnh hin nay ch yu l h Ph Ninh. H A Vng c th em thm nhiu kh nng hiu qu hn trong vic s dng mt h nui trng thy sn. Bng 3.18: Din tch v sn lng nui trng thy sn ca tnh Qung Nam STT Ch tiu n v Ton tnh 1 Din tch mt nc ha 4928 2 Tng sn lng khai thc tn 37050 3 Sn lng nui trng tn 2821 3.4.2.3 Ngnh cng nghip - xy dng Chim 25.31% c cu GDP ton tnh (nm 2000), trong ch yu l cng nghip ch bin (chim 90.15% gi tr sn xut ngnh cng nghip), cng nghip khai thc v cc loi khc khng ng k. Ton tnh c 10984 c s sn xut cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip, phn ln l cc c s nh do t nhn qun l. Sn phm ch yu ca ngnh cng nghip trn a bn tnh gm:Vt liu xy dng ( cc loi, ct si, gch ngi, gch lt, thp cn...); thc phm ch bin ( Nc mm, du thc vt, go ng xay xt, thc n gia sc...); hng tiu dng ( Vi la thnh phm, qun o may sn, x phng git...); v.v... Gi tr sn xut ca ngnh cng nghip nm 2000 l 1034108 triu ng. Huyn ng Giang l huyn c gi tr sn xut cng nghip thp nht trong tnh. Gi tr sn xut ca huyn ng Giang : 2110 triu ng, chim 0.20% ton tnh. Ti cc x M Coih, x Dang ch c 3 c s sn sut nng c cm tay v ch bin thc phm nh, gi tr sn sut khng ng k. 3.4.2.4. Cc ngnh dch v. Giao thng vn ti : hnh thnh mng li giao thng, gm : ng QL1 chy qua dc pha ng tnh; ng QL14 chy qua cc huyn pha Ty Bc ca tnh, trong c huyn ng Giang, d kin n cui nm 2003 s tri nha hon chnh. ng QL14C v QL14 ni 2 ng QL1 v QL14. Cc trc ng tnh c nha ng, hoc ng cp phi ti ton b cc trung tm huyn. C 186/217 x c ng SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 31


t n tn x. Tuy nhin vn cn mt s x vng su vng xa vic lu thng cn gp nhiu kh khn, nht l trong ma ma l, do ng qa xu v cc loi cu c kt cu tm b. Ton tnh hin nay c 2112 phng tin vi nng lc vn ti hng ho l 5027 tn v 15980 lt hnh khch. Bc u p ng c yu cu vn ti hng ho v phc v vic i li ca ngi dn. Bu in: Tnh Qung Nam c hai bu in trung tm, 13 bu in huyn th x v 140 bu cc khu vc. Ton b cc UBND huyn v hu ht cc x c in thoi (164/217 x). Vi 41 tng i in thoi, 25637 my in thoi c nh, 02 my in bo cc loi, 34 my pht v tuyn, 40 cp thit b vi ba. m bo cht lng thng tin v yu cu ca khch hng. Mng li in: Li in tnh Qung Nam c cung cp ch yu t 2 ngun: t ngun li in quc gia qua hai trm bin p 110kV v t cc ngun ti a phng. Li in phn phi ca Qung Nam pht trin tng i mnh m. n nay, li phn phi vn ti cc huyn trong tnh. Ngun cung cp in cho cc ph ti ca huyn ng Giang gm hai ngun chnh : trm thy in nh Ka p vi cng sut lp t 2x180kW nm gn huyn l Trao v ng dy 22 kV Ho Khnh - Trao. Hin nay, ng dy 35kV An im - Hin (di 44km) v trm 35/22kV Trao (cng sut 1000KVA v c ch lp my d phng) ang c thi cng. Sau khi xy dng xong ti trm 35/22kV Trao c 4 xut tuyn 22KV cp in cho cc ph ti huyn ng Giang v d phng cp in thi cng thy in A Vng. 3.4.2.5. Vn ho x hi. Gio dc: hin nay, tt c cc x trong tnh Qung Nam c trng tiu hc, c x c th c 2 trng tiu hc. Cc huyn u c cc trng trung hc c s v ph thng trung hc.Chng trnh xo nn m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc c hon thnh trn ton b cc x trong tnh. Ton tnh c 3 trng trung hc chuyn nghip, 2 trng k thut v mt trng cao ng, trung bnh hng nm c 4369 hc sinh theo hc vi nhiu loi hnh ngh nghip. C s vt cht ca ngnh gio dc c ch u t. Phn ln cc trng hc u dng xy kin c chim t l cha cao, dng bn kin c chim t l thp. S lng gio vin v hc sinh hng nm u tng, tuy nhin gio vin cn thiu ... Tnh bnh qun trn 27 hc sinh mi c mt gio vin. Vn ho: Ton tnh c 181 di tch lch s c xp hng, trong c 4 thp, 37 di tch lch s cch mng, 12 di tch kho c. ng k trong l di sn vn ho th gii: th x Hi An v Thnh a M Sn. y l nhng a im c tim nng rt ln v du lch ca tnh. SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 32


Y t, sc kho cng ng: cng tc phng chng dch , phng chng cc bnh x hi, v sinh, phng bnh hot ng ngy cng c hiu qu. Cc mc tiu ca chng trnh y t Quc gia v ca ngnh c trin khai c hiu qu cao. Ton tnh Qung Nam c trm y t tt c cc x. Huyn ng Giang c mng li y t n 21 x. Nhn chung c s vt cht ca ngnh y t tnh Qung Nam cp huyn x cng nhiu thiu thn, cha p ng kp thi phc v nhn dn tronh tnh. Ton tnh c 52 c s y t x kin c v 162 c s bn kin c. Ti huyn ng Giang c 2 c s y t x kin c v 18 c s bn kin c. Ti khu vc X M Coih mi xy dng 1 trm y t phc v tuyn ng Trng Sn. Cc nh thu xy dng c s lng cng nhn ng, cn t trang b ring trong phng chng v iu tr dch bnh cho cng nhn. Nh cc tnh min trung, tnh Qung Nam c cc bnh ph bin l st rt,bu c mt bnh pht sinh do thiu it, cc bnh ly lan qua ng nc l tiu chy,kit l cc bnh k sinh trng nh nhim giun sn v.v... Chnh t nhng ti liu v a cht, thy vn, iu kin v thi cng, iu kin v dn sinh kinh t cng cc ti liu khc ta c th thy c nhng thun li v kh khn trong vic xy dng thy in A Vng. 3.4.3. Thun li v kh khn 3.4.3.1. Thun li. - D n thy in A Vng c tnh kh thi cao v kinh t v k thut v ngoi nhim v cp in phc v cho sinh hot v pht trin kinh t th cn c nhim v lm chm l, cp nc, y mn cho vng h du cng trnh. y l mt trong nhng l do quan trng gip cho cng trnh ny thu ht c s u t gp phn n nh v vn hay n nh v kinh ph trong qu trnh xy dng . - iu kin thi cng d n thun li do c ng giao thng ( ng H Ch Minh) i qua khu vc d n lm cho vic vn chuyn cc my mc, thit b cn thit, vt liu c d dng. ng thi y cn c vt liu xy dng ti ch c tr lng v cht lng m bo cho vic xy dng. - H cha ca thy in A Vng c din tch mt thong nh nn nh hng ngp ca h khng ln v mt dn s y tng i thp nn cng tc di dn, n b, ti nh c s thun li. 3.4.3.2. Kh khn. - Cng trnh thy in A Vng c khi lng thi cng rt ln c rt nhiu cng vic nm trn ng gng nn i hi phi c s phi hp chc ch gia cc n v, c nhn trong qu trnh thi cng. p chnh ca h thng thy in A Vng c lm


Trang 33


bng b tng m ln ( RCC ) y l loi b tng c p dng u tin nc ta nn s rt kh khn trong vic chon gii php thi cng . - iu kin thy vn khu vc sng A Vng thy i phc tp nht l s thay i l v th s nh hng n vic dn dng thi cng. - V mt cu trc a cht trong lu vc xy dng cn lu n t gy A Vng v t gy M Coih trng vi i lng h. ng ch hn l t gy v i ph hy kin to nh nm pha Ty Nam tuyn. Nn trong qa trnh thi cng cn phi thng xuyn theo di kp thi x l hn ch nhng nh hng xu n thi cng. - Trong qu trnh thi cng c cc giai on thi cng ngm trong t , hay trn sn i ... c iu kin lm vic kh khn v nguy him nn trong vn thi cng vn an ton phi t ln hng u. 3.4.4.Kt lun v ngh D n thy in A Vng c tnh kh thi cao v kinh t v k thut. Nh my thy in A Vng thuc loi ng dn vi ct nc cao nn c hiu ch nng lng tt li nm trung tm ph ti, nu c xy dng, nh my thy in A Vng s l ngun in quan trng phc v pht trin dn sinh, kinh t khu vc min trung. Ngoi nhim v cung cp in nng, cng trnh thy in A Vng cn c tc dng lm chm l, cp nc, y mn cho vng h du cng trnh. H cha ca thy in A Vng c din tch mt thong nh (9.352km2 ) nn nh hng ngp ca h khng ln, cng tc di dn n b, ti nh c s thun li do c s hp tc cht ch ca chnh quyn a phng tnh Qung Nam. iu kin thi cng d n thun li do c ng giao thng (ng H Ch Minh) i qua khu vc d n, vt liu xy dng ti ch c tr lng v cht lng m bo cho vic xy dng cng trnh.Vi nhng li th nh trn vic xy dng nh my thy in A Vng l rt cn thit.

3.5 TNH TON THY VN CNG TRNH 3.5.1. Tai liu tham khao 3.5.1.1. Cac tiu chun dung trong tinh toan [1] Qui phm tnh cc c trng thu vn thit k: QP.TL C6-77 [2] Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXDVN 285:2002 v cng trnh thu li-cc quy nh ch yu v thit k. 3.5.1.2. Cac tai liu tham khao [3] Ng nh Tun- H Cao m.Tnh ton thu vn cc cng trnh thu li va v nh, NXB Nng Nghip 1986 .


Trang 34


[4] Cao m- H Vn Khi.Thu vn cng trnh.NXB Nng Nghip 1993. [5] H Vn Khi.Thu vn cng trnh.1998. [6] PGS.TS Nguyn Quang on, Thy vn cng trnh, Nng- 2004 [7] c im khi hu thuy vn tinh Quang Nam 3.5.2. Tai liu phuc vu tinh toan 3.5.2.1 Ti liu kh tng - Ti liu v ma X(mm) - Ti liu v bc hi Z 3.5.2.2 Ti liu thy vn - Ti liu v dng chy Q(m3/s) 3.5.3. Tnh ton lng ma bnh qun lu vc Ma binh qun lu vc noi chung hin nay co mt s phng phap xac inh nh sau - Phng php bnh qun s hc. - Phng phap a giac Theisen - Phng bnh qun gia quyn. - Phng php ng ng tr ma. a) Phng php bnh qun s hcX tb =

Xi =1

n

i

n

( mm)

(3.7) Xi : Lng ma ca trm th i n : S trm o ma trn lu vc Phng php ny ch s dng tt khi trn lu vc c nhiu trm o bc hi v c b tr nhng ni c trng. b) Phng php a gic Theisen.X=

fXi =1 nn i

n

i

fi =1

( mm)

(3.8)

i

n: S trm o ma (hoc s a gic) n >3 Xi: Lng ma ca trm th i i din cho mnh th i fi: Din tch ca khu vc th iF = fii =1 n

: Din tch lu vc

(3.9) Trang 35



Phng php ny ng dng c khi trn lu vc v ln cn n c nhiu im o ma ln hn hoc bng 3. c) Phng php ng ng tr.X=

f i =1 i

n

X i + X i +1 2 ( mm)

fi =1

nn

(3.10)

i

n: S trm o ma. Xi: Lng ma ca trm th i i din cho mnh th i. Xi+1: Lng ma ca trm th i+1 i din cho mnh th i+1. fi: Din tch gia hai ng ng tr ma th Xi v Xi+1F = f ( km2 ) : Din tch lu vc.i =1 i n

(3.11)

Phng php ny c chnh xc cao v khc phc c nhng phc tp v phn b ma theo khng gian do nh hng ca a hnh v thi tit. Tuy nhin mc chnh xc ca phng php ny, ph thuc ln vo s chun x ca vic xy dng cc ng ng tr. d) Phng php bnh qun gia quyn.X=

fXi =1 nn i

n

i

fi =1

( mm)

i

(3.12) Xi: L gi tr ma trung bnh nm ca trm o ma th i. fi: H s trng bc hi ca trm o bc hi th i nh hng n lng bc hi ca lu vc tnh ton, tnh bng t trng khong cch t trm o n trng tm lu vc.1

Trong : (3.13)

fi = f i =

Rii

1Ri =1

n

,

Vi (3.14)

fi =1

n

i

=1

Ri: Khong cch t trm o th i n trng tm lu vc.


Trang 36


Phng php ny c chnh xc cao v khc phc c nhc im ca phng php ng ng tr. Nhn xt : Qua 4 phng php trn ta thy phng bnh qun s hc p dng tt trn lu vc c nhiu trm o, cn phng php a gic Theissen p dng khi trn lu vc v ln cn c nhiu im o ln hn hoc bng 3 nhng hai phng php ny cho kt qu khng c chnh xc, phng php ng ng tr cho kt qu chnh xc hn hai phng php trn nhng s chnh xc ca kt qu tnh th i hi vic xy dng ng ng tr phi chnh xc, m vic xy dng ng ng tr chnh xc l rt kh khn. khc phc 3 phng php trn thy phng php bnh qun gia quyn c chnh xc cao hn 3 phng php trn va li vic thc hin tnh ton d dng v chnh xc cao. V vy tnh lng ma chn phng php bnh qun gia quyn tnh cng dung phng php ny tnh bc hi cho lu vc. Lng ma bnh qun lu vc A Vng lu vc tram Thanh My c xc nh bng phng php bnh qun gia quyn theo cng thc:X tb =

f Xi =1 i =n i =1 i

i =n

i

f

i

(3.15) Trong : n: s trm ma s dng tnh ton Xi: lng ma ca trm ma th i trong cc trm ma s dng tnh ton fi: h s trng s ca trm ma th i tham gia to ra lng ma cho lu vc tnh ton Ri: khong cch t trm o ma n trng tm lu vcfi = 1 / Ri

1 / Ri =1

n

;Vii

f =1i

(3.16)

Bang 3.19- Kt qua tinh lng ma binh qun thang lu vc A Vng theo phng phap binh qun gia quyn Trong s fi cua cac tram o ma i vi tram A VngLu vc Ri (km) 1/Ri Thanh My 34 0.0294 Hin 9 0.111 1 ak GLei ALi 89 52 0.0112 0.0192 Nam ng 31 0.0323 Khm c 53 0.0189 Tng 0.2221


Trang 37


fi

0.1324

0.500 2

0.0506

0.0866

0.1452

0.0849

1.0000

Lng ma bin n vi : mm Nm 1 2 3 4 1978 40.45 17.85 44.10 66.53 1979 22.99 9.20 32.87 52.95 1980 21.28 13.28 9.09 70.33 1981 60.25 18.09 16.22 213.79 1982 29.36 11.23 8.70 338.31 1983 52.87 1.97 4.15 16.81 1984 18.08 15.05 15.79 105.83 1985 33.05 10.13 42.49 88.83 Bang 3.20-Kt qua tinh lng ma binh qun thang cho lu vc Tha My theo pha h 1986Tronnh33.22 cphngma i bin29.57h My 48.97 43.88p vi traqun ngia quyn g s fi cua ca tram o m Tha Lu v Thanh My 1987(km)c 45.09 Hin k Glei 90.71 Tn42.91 25.26 Khm c g Ri 41 63 31.5 8.0 1/Ri 0.0244 0.1250 1988fi 71.87 0.0159 0.0317 17.78 0.1970 45.22 33.08 0.1238 0.0806 0.1611 0.6345 1.0000 1989 60.42 24.45 57.36 79.41 1990 35.83 30.12 50.99 41.30 1991 15.60 27.44 60.54 124.28 1992 40.11 8.06 18.53 19.88 SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 38 1993 20.08 20.13 28.73 77.99

27 33 20 25 8 5 14 8 24 15 9 43 15 15 18 51


Lng ma binh qun thang lu vc t

n vi : mm Flv= 1850km Nm 1 2 3 4 1978 43.63 19.60 41.18 96.05 1 1979 19.01 14.13 39.22 106.01 3 1980 20.35 15.55 18.33 64.52 2 1981 30.41 17.07 7.05 122.68 2 1982 14.78 1.79 32.55 130.30 7 1983 74.55 0.07 1.50 9.34 6 1984 13.98 6.09 9.05 136.72 2 1985 10.82 5.14 35.63 197.37 9 3.5.4 Tinh toan lng bc hi lu vc Lng bc hi lu vc cung c tinh toan theo phng php bnh qun gia quyn 1986 kh tng ln 13.62 15.39 33.01 1 va s dung cc trm 13.33 cn lu vc cn tinh toan. S liu bc hi cua cac tram khi tng xem phu luc 1987 24.19 10.25 50.80 22.13 7 Bang 3.21-K h l c h 1988 t qua tinphng phaphi nbinqun giathang ncho lu vc 40.56 1 72.16 ng b25.54qun quy 6.21 A Vng theo bi h Tron cua cac tra khi tng i vc tram 1989gc s fi 74.41mNam36.85vi lu17.64A Vngng 52.28 3 Lu v A Li ng Tra My k T T Ri (km) 52.00 105.00 1990 42.63 31.00 22.64 85.00 35.12 0.073 27.81 9 1/Ri 0.019 0.032 0.012 0.010 fi 0.264 0.443 0.162 0.131 1.000 1991 1.15 2.76 29.45 44.49 1 1992 27.25 2.42 34.44 22.30 1 1993 13.57 12.44 33.80 55.12 1 SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 39 1994 0.38 1.74 36.20 29.12 1


Lng bc hi bin n vi : mm Nm 1 2 3 4 1978 41.13 55.89 66.69 87.12 1979 69.53 78.77 98.06 83.64 1980 66.83 59.22 128.28 124.40 1981 51.38 77.25 136.38 110.95 1982 55.66 68.56 111.55 74.96 1983 44.81 53.74 88.41 131.33 1984 52.06 59.32 88.62 105.26 1985 t 50.98ng bc57.68 thang lu vc tram Thanh 58.19 Bang 3.22-K qua tinh l hi binh qun 63.82 My theo phng phap binh qun gia quyn 1986 s fi cua cac tram khi tng i vi lu v81.21nh My100.15 53.18 61.66 c tram Tha Trong 1987 58.17 74.71 102.80 103.51 1988 56.38 56.14 74.66 64.69 1989 40.05 58.66 57.09 87.20 1990 59.65 64.07 70.67 95.21 1991 61.01 05X2A 87.91 Trang 40 78.85 SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp52.93 1992 46.59 57.07 86.64 110.84Lu vc Ri (km) 1/Ri fi Nam ng 89.50 0.0112 0.2394 Tra My 45.50 0.0220 0.4710 k T 74.00 0.0135 0.2896 Tng 0.0467 1.0000

TMATN: LP D N U T NH MY THU IN A VNG 1 GVHD: GVC.ThS.NGUYN NG THCHLng bc hi binh qun thang lu vc tram Thanh My (1978-2005) n vi : Nm 1 1978 29.55 1979 79.85 1980 75.91 1981 58.91 1982 47.25 1983 63.12 1984 77.31 1985 73.07 1986 67.66 1987 71.57 1988 61.28 1989 52.98 1990 82.90 1991 67.96 1992 57.18 1993 62.90 1994 65.79 1995 63.56 1996 72.72 1997 63.20 1998 615.00 1999 47.86 2000 60.72 2001 59.97 2002 60.25 2003 62.46 2004 60.18 2005 89.28 TB 83.94 mm 2 78.25 88.53 81.92 82.86 87.32 76.88 90.01 81.08 79.20 86.14 65.95 67.04 75.52 60.82 69.09 81.28 73.13 65.45 59.78 49.55 75.87 28.08 28.65 62.82 70.11 70.13 76.14 74.07 70.92 Flv= 3 83.42 108.83 122.96 148.52 129.80 108.61 115.18 84.22 97.17 116.92 92.12 74.28 87.08 91.14 95.91 93.78 71.20 80.22 104.53 94.72 111.95 80.66 76.52 68.68 84.25 76.78 84.96 84.72 95.33 1850km2 4 5 95.99 83.37 65.79 84.67 120.08 97.37 119.16 75.12 82.21 101.66 150.72 121.39 110.15 76.16 66.50 70.51 110.09 70.65 114.23 90.80 80.79 87.64 84.23 83.05 100.35 70.65 87.32 92.84 107.89 98.94 90.65 83.16 96.57 77.83 116.67 89.86 73.33 63.31 75.14 75.32 117.93 91.32 70.08 55.23 69.69 57.59 81.13 60.21 99.72 83.67 91.41 77.31 93.30 89.87 93.48 80.39 95.16 81.78 Vi Bc: 1546' 6 7 8 82.94 76.62 64.67 60.25 93.65 85.85 68.85 76.69 75.06 71.74 78.78 82.56 70.59 75.70 77.64 95.81 84.39 65.22 81.16 83.50 62.96 111.29 94.99 72.91 78.91 75.81 60.46 75.78 77.30 78.41 70.77 74.78 65.70 74.46 77.81 77.21 65.94 67.25 69.21 73.92 70.77 57.95 67.26 71.21 62.09 74.70 67.94 78.17 56.48 74.81 82.70 76.08 61.07 56.75 70.86 79.89 79.48 67.12 63.35 77.42 81.27 78.93 66.61 62.17 68.25 73.83 57.04 59.19 68.77 55.56 76.01 49.54 68.55 87.51 57.37 69.17 62.89 63.72 85.33 67.86 66.37 74.72 63.38 63.98 73.17 74.65 69.38 9 38.21 78.18 36.19 75.85 54.33 70.78 66.36 58.96 59.02 41.09 51.31 55.30 57.97 52.81 51.08 51.97 43.81 38.02 38.37 49.90 41.00 50.02 43.29 49.42 33.65 41.59 49.40 52.97 51.10 Kinh ng: 10 11 51.86 54.13 73.48 59.50 48.93 48.98 47.93 50.24 54.06 55.44 47.15 52.33 43.94 53.87 59.18 46.73 47.07 46.65 54.47 37.89 22.53 46.96 51.86 63.02 45.67 49.90 44.83 50.23 34.23 42.47 35.67 52.52 49.79 51.72 38.22 35.82 39.61 34.09 57.18 58.69 41.69 33.35 41.00 38.80 34.80 37.66 63.51 41.95 44.64 37.53 46.96 47.21 43.41 40.19 35.14 46.32 46.39 46.94 10750' 12 T.cng 62.38 801.41 64.47 943.06 55.98 908.92 58.51 950.17 50.27 886.27 58.68 995.11 55.73 916.34 49.77 869.22 60.26 852.95 46.80 891.40 54.73 774.56 65.34 826.60 60.22 832.65 52.75 803.34 50.28 807.63 42.78 815.52 51.92 795.75 42.58 764.30 50.97 766.93 60.03 791.62 44.91 1399.83 36.53 652.52 34.29 628.19 43.31 712.12 48.39 775.62 45.67 755.28 56.95 813.96 39.20 797.65 51.56 840.32

3.5.5 Tnh ton dng chy nm Trong cng tc quy hoach, lp d n u t, thit k , khai thc qun l cc cng trnh li, thu in, cc cng trnh cp nc sinh hot v cng nghip, ti liu v dng chy v s phn phi dng chy trong nm l ti liu thu vn rt quan trng . Ti liu ny gip cho vic phn tch, nh gi dng chy mt ca cc lu vc sng, lm c s cho vic tnh ton cn bng nc, xc nh ngun ti nguyn nc mt a ra cc phng n trong quy hoch khai thc bn vng ngun nc, a ra cc gii php cng trnh hp l, xc nh qui m, kch thc cc cng trnh, cc phng n vn hnh qun l cng trnh. 3.5.5.1 Cc i lng c trng dng chy nm Lu lng dng chy nm : Qo (m3/s) (3.17) Muyn (3.18) SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 41 dng chy nm :10 3 Q0 M0 = (l/s.Km2) F


(3.19) Tng (3.20)

su

dng

chy

nm

:

Y0 =

W0 (mm) 10 3 F

lng

dng

chy=

nm:Y0 X0

W0 = Q0T = 31,536 .Q0 10 6 (m3)

H s dng chy nm

:

(3.21)

3.5.5.2 Cc phng php xc nh dng chy nm thit k *Trng hp c ti liu o ac thuy vn Nu c ti liu th tin hnh v ng tn sut. T ng tn sut v tn sut thit k P xc nh c Qp * Trng hp c t hoc khng co tai liu o ac thuy vn nghin cu phn tch dng chy ca cc sng khng c ti liu thc o v lu lng dng chy hoc nu c nhng lit ti liu ngn, c th s dng cc phng php sau: a) Phng php lu vc tng t Vi phng php ny ta c th xc nh dng chy ca lu vc nghin cu da vo dng chy ca lu vc tng t (c ti liu thc o) theo lng ma v din tch ca lu vc khng ch theo cng thc :Qnc = Qtt . Xonc Fnc . (m 3 / s) Xott Ftt

(3.22)

Trong : Qnc : Lu lng ca lu vc nghin cu ( m3/s). Qtt : Lu lng ca lu vc tng t ( m3/s). Xonc : Lng ma trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc nghin cu (mm). Xott : Lng ma trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc tng t (mm). Fnc : Din tch lu vc nghin cu ( km2). Ftt : Din tch lu vc tng t (km2). Theo Quy phm tnh ton cc c trng thu vn thit k QP.TL.C6-77, iu kin cn m bo chn lu vc tng t nh sau : - S tng t v iu kin kh hu - Tnh ng b trong s dao ng ca dng chy theo thi gian - Tnh ng nht v iu kin hnh thnh dng chy, a cht th nhng, a cht thu vn, t l din tch rng, m ly, din tch canh tc trn lu vc. - Khng c nhng yu t lm thay i iu kin t nhin ca dng chy.


Trang 42


- T l gia cc din tch khng c vt qu 5 ln. Chnh lch gia cao trnh bnh qun ca lu vc khng vt qu 300 m. S phn b dng chy ca lu vc nghin cu hon ton theo h s phn phi dng chy ca lu vc tng t cho d s phn b ma ca hai lu vc khc nhau. Phng php lu vc tng t ch p dng c cho cc sng c din tch lu vc trn 360 km2. b) Phng php xc nh dng chy t ma ) Phng php truyn thng + S dng phng trnh cn bng nc Yo = Xo Zo (mm ) (3.23) X0 : Chun ma nm lu vc nghin cu (mm) Y0 : Chun lp dng chy nm (mm) Z0 : Chun bc hi nm ( mm) T phng trnh cn bng nc, chun dng chy nm c xc nh nh sau: W0 = Y0.F.103 (m3) (3.24)Qo = Wo (m3/s) 31,536 .10 6

(3.25) (3.26) (3.27)

Mo =

Q0 .10 3 ( l/s-km2) F

0 =

Y0 X0

Dng chy nm thit k c xc nh theo h s phn tn (bin ng) C v v h s thin lch Cs. T Cv ,Cs ta xc nh c h s m un Kp V Wp=Kp.W0 (m3) (3.28) 3 Wip = Ki. Wp (m ) (3.29) vi Wip = Wp , i = thng (112) Ki : H s phn phi dng chy c xc nh theo h s phn phi dng chy ca lu vc tng t hay h s phn b ma theo cc tn sut thit k.Qip = Wip Ti

(m3/s),

(3.30) vi i = thng (112 ) Ti : Thi gian ca thng th i ( sec) Nh vy s xc nh c qu trnh dng chy nm thit k ca lu vc nghin cu theo cc tn sut thit k (Wp ~t ) v (Qp ~t).


Trang 43


+Tnh ton theo quan h ma v dng chy Theo ti liu nghin cu ca i Kh Tng Thu Vn khu vc trong vng, da theo ti liu thc o ca nhiu lu vc xy dng c quan h Lp dng chy v ma nm cho cc khu vc nh:. Tnh Tha Thin Hu vi phng trnh tng quan : Y0 = 0,834 X0 431 (mm) c h s tng quan = 0,973 (3.31) Trong :Y0 : Lp dng chy nm (mm) X0 : Lng ma trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc (mm) Chun dng chy nm v dng chy nm thit k c xc nh nh trn. ) Phng php s dng m hnh Phng php s dng m hnh thu vn dng chy thng hay c p dng nhm nh gi kh nng dng chy ca cc lu vc nghin cu khng c ti liu thc o, hoc c ti liu thc o nhng khng di bng cch da vo cc b thng s ca m hnh c hiu chnh qua s liu thc o ca cc trm thu vn trong vng. Vi b thng s ca m hnh kt hp vi din tch lu vc, din tch cc loi t trong vng, lng bc hi, lng ma ca lu vc nghin cu s tnh ton phc hi li dng chy ca lu vc nghin cu, theo s lit ti liu ma v bc hi ca lu vc. ko di v phc hi dng chy nm ca cc lu vc c lit ti liu quan trc ngn hoc khng c ti liu thc o, c th s dng cc m hnh thy vn dng chy nh: M hnh SSARR, TANK, RRMOD, NAM ( MIKE) ... 3.5.5.3. Kt qu xac inh dng chy nm lu vc A Vng . Vi lu vc A Vng khng co tai liu o ac thuy vn nn xac inh dong chay nm cua lu vc nay co th dung hai phng phap tinh toan dong chay t ma la phng phap truyn thng va phng phap m hinh ng dung tin b khoa hoc ki thut y chon dung phng phap m hinh,co th s dung cac m hinh thuy vn dong chay nh: m hinh SSAR,m hinh TANK,m hinh RRMOD,m hinh NAM ( MIKE),. *Nhn xt : -M hnh SSARR (1966) l m hnh ch yu nghin cu s hnh thnh dng chy l, cn trong ma cn cc yu t to nn dng chy cha c gii quyt tho ng. -M hnh TANK (1956) cho kt qu tnh ton tng i ph hp vi ti liu thc o tuy nhin vic d tm thng s cho m hnh bng phng php th sai rt tn nhiu thi gian v cng sc v m hnh c trn 40 b thng s phi d tm. Qua kinh nghim ca mt s n v s dng m hnh ny thch hp cho vic phc hi dng chy l. SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 44


-M hnh NAM (1973) cho kt qu tnh ton tng i ph hp vi ti liu thc o v rt thun li cho ngi s dng v cc thng s ca m hnh NAM c hiu chnh t ng Autocali, ngoi ra ton b s liu c lu tr trong Database GIS nn kt ni c vi cc m dun khc trong b m hnh MIKE. Tuy nhin yu cu v d liu kh tng c bn l ma v bc thot hi nc tim tng,nn xc nh ti liu bc thot hi nc tim tng cn c cc s liu v : tc gi trung bnh, nhit trung bnh, m tng i, s gi nng v v tr a l. Cc s liu trn ch c cc trm kh tng cc tnh o c nn vic thu thp cc s liu ny y rt kh khn v mi tnh nc ta hin nay ch c khong t 2 n 3 trm kh tng. Ngoi ra trong m hnh cn c b tuyt tan i hi d liu nhit v bc x mt tri nn cha ph hp lm vi qu trnh ma dng chy Vit Nam. -M hnh RRMOD (1981) l m hnh dng tnh ton v nghin cu dng chy thng cho lu vc sng, khi phc v ko di lit ti liu dng chy lu vc khng c ti liu thc o hoc c nhng thiu ti liu. Trong m hnh c m t hm thm v hm bc hi ca lu vc nn rt ph hp vi vic nh gi ti nguyn nc, ngoi ra m hnh ch c 25 thng s nn vic d tm kh thun li khi s dng. Qua phn tch cc u, nhc im ca tng m hnh, chn m hnh RRMOD nghin cu tnh ton dng chy nm thit k cho lu vc A Vng va s dung lu vc tng t la lu vc tram thuy vn Thanh My trn sng Cai. Do lu vc nghin cu nm cnh lu vc Thnh M c iu kin kh hu, nhn t mt m hnh thnh dng chy ca hai lu vc l gn nh nhau. tnh lng ma v lng bc hi ca lu vc trm Thnh M ta dng phng php bnh qun gia quyn nh tnh cho lu vc A Vng. M hnh RRMOD. M hnh RRMOD (Rainfall Runoff Model) c xy dng do phng Quy Hoch v My Tnh thuc Ban Th K Sng M Kng nm 1981 v c s dng cho nhiu loi lu vc. M hnh c xy dng tnh ton v nghin cu dng chy thng cho lu vc sng. Khi phc v tnh ton ko di ti liu dng chy lu vc khng c o c hoc c o c nhng lit ti liu ngn. Kt qu th nghim cho thy trong bt c iu kin no, k c trong trng hp trong lu vc khng c trm o ma th h s tng quan gia dng chy tnh ton v thc o cng t t 0.9 n 0.95. Trong m hnh c m t cc hm thm v bc hi ca lu vc nn rt ph hp vi vic nh gi ti nguyn nc, ngoi ra m hnh ch c 25 thng s nn vic d tm kh thun tin khi s dng. Cu trc m hnh RRMOD. Trang 45



Xut pht t quan im xem xt mt lu vc sng nh l cu thnh ca ba phn din tch : Din tch t nng nghip, din tch t rng v din tch t trng (xt v mt khng gian 3 chiu). Xt theo chiu ng th t c chia thnh ba lp: Lp mt (b 1), lp st mt (b 2) v lp ngm (b 3).

B 1

SA

SAm in

FA

FILA, FILF, FILL

B 2

SS

SSm in P

FSS

Dng chy ra

B 3

SB

SBm in DP

FB

Hnh 3.1 : Cu trc m hnh RRMOD Gi thit dng chy c hnh thnh t 3 thnh phn: Dng chy trn mt, dng chy di mt v dng chy ngm, ng thi cng gi thit rng dng chy c hnh thnh trn tng phn din tch lu vc l c lp vi nhau, tc l dng chy c hnh thnh mi phn din tch lu vc tp trung vo cc khe lch ri chy tp trung ra sng, khng chy ngang qua phn din tch khc. Cc tiu chun ti u ho cc thng s ca m hnh. - H s tng quan gia kt qu tnh ton v s liu thc o (Correlation Coefficient) phi t 0.9 - Ch s Nash - Sutcliffe 85 - H s cn bng tng lng nc ton nm (Water blance index of year) phi t 1.0 0.01 - H s cn bng tng lng nc ca tng thng (Water blance index of month) phi t 1.0 0.10. Chin lc d tm b thng s.


Trang 46


B thng s dng trong m hnh RRMOD c d tm ng dn theo thut ton d tm ti u, trn c s so snh gia kt qu tnh ton v s liu thc o v tin cy ca b thng s c nh gi qua cc tiu chun ti u nh nu trn. B thng s ca m hnh - B thng s iu hnh ca m hnh: 25 thng s - Din tch lu vc, din tch t nng nghip, din tch t rng: 3gi tr - Cng thm: 3 thng s - m : 12 thng s - H s hiu chnh ma cho cc thng: 12 h s - H s thay i din tch t rng: s h s tng ng vi s nm theo lit ti liu Cc bc xc nh lu lng trung bnh nhiu nm ti tuyn u mi thu in A Vng: -S dng m hnh RRMOD xc nh cc b thng s ca m hnh, s dng ti liu dng chy thc o ca trm Thnh M. -Sau khi hiu chnh tho mn cc b thng s, dng b thng s ny tin hnh xc nh qu trnh dng chy nm cho lu vc A Vng. iu chnh b thng s ca m hnh RRMOD cho lu vc Thnh M : M hnh RRMOD c 3 file s liu : bd1.d , rrmod.run , rrmodve .txt v 2 file kt qu K1,K2. S liu a vo chng trnh c ci t trong hai file : +File bd1.d : Cha cc s liu : -B thng s iu hnh ca m hnh : 25 thng s. -Din tch lu vc, din tch t nng nghip, din tch t rng: 3 gi tr -Cng thm : 3 thng s. -m : 12 thng s. -H s hiu chnh ma cho cc thng : 12 h s. -H s thay i din tch t nng nghip : 28 h s, tng ng vi 28 nm t nm 1978 n 2005. -H s thay i din tch t rng : 28 h s, tng ng vi 28 nm t nm 1978 n 2005. +File rrmod.run : Gm s liu kh tng thu vn vi lit ti liu 28 nm t 1978 n 2005 : - Ti liu ma lu vc Thnh M. - Ti liu bc hi lu vc Thnh M . - Ti liu dng chy thc o ca trm thu vn Thnh M. SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 47


+File K1 : Kt qu qu trnh dng chy ca lu vc m phng t ma +File K2 : Kt qu cc dng chy thnh phn. + Cc tiu chun ti u ho b thng s ca m hnh : - H s tng quan gia kt qu tnh ton v s liu thc o : 0,939 > 0,9 - Ch s Nash - Sutcliffe : 88,023 > 85.00 - H s cn bng tng lng nc ton nm : 1.00 .Kt qu t nm trong khong 1,0 0,01 - H s cn bng tng lng nc ca tng thng t 0,97 n 1,09. Kt qu t nm trong khong 1,0 0,1 Sau khi tin hnh hiu chnh 25 b thng s v 12 h s hiu chnh ma cho cc thng trong file bd1.d ca chng trnh RRMOD cho lu vc trm Thnh M t cc tiu chun ti u ha b thng s ca m hnh nh trn, lu li trong file bd1.d ri tin hnh chy chng trnh RRMOD cho lu vc trm Thnh M c kt qu nh sau Bang 3.23-Kt qu xc nh cc tiu chun ti u b thng s ca m hnh


Trang 48



Trang 49


Bang 3.24-Lu lng tinh toan bng m hinh RRMOD cua lu vc tram Thanh MyYEAR 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 MEAN JAN 133.66 136.89 65.22 60.19 145.34 48.40 79.56 64.41 69.60 135.35 49.17 43.22 55.51 58.91 162.75 75.60 137.07 66.57 122.07 115.60 51.96 208.40 206.37 195.25 164.52 89.77 156.45 70.04 105.99 FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 1.95 12.70 20.25 53.43 68.70 52.46 57.26 180.13 56.50 35.10 27.47 123.33 221.07 104.09 49.88 92.58 50.51 34.63 20.83 75.88 153.43 58.92 60.16 176.48 44.34 28.97 27.53 89.71 83.03 64.97 60.08 73.93 61.42 31.09 37.12 37.35 40.62 45.59 45.39 162.61 43.57 30.30 16.05 6.18 12.13 17.02 25.04 33.22 51.11 27.61 30.87 75.02 46.84 66.75 68.07 63.45 48.75 29.24 81.71 85.10 39.39 33.64 29.93 86.98 54.90 31.71 24.07 17.15 21.24 23.08 26.07 23.51 45.92 33.12 22.92 15.39 17.54 21.27 29.80 118.72 44.63 39.25 29.75 21.69 26.14 32.45 27.20 20.79 45.84 40.68 39.16 89.89 92.51 40.59 36.80 35.96 49.76 39.02 28.79 25.00 22.68 27.56 26.32 32.75 40.73 21.74 13.47 17.15 21.81 25.40 31.79 44.96 52.44 29.92 21.19 15.05 30.92 42.78 95.95 114.03 48.13 33.55 23.77 23.21 28.90 38.82 34.36 36.98 53.05 30.10 18.06 20.34 26.10 30.39 30.55 95.68 54.24 33.28 25.96 15.63 16.29 25.27 38.73 83.17 58.51 41.97 38.61 30.14 36.10 45.27 40.60 128.64 69.05 45.92 75.79 133.55 55.97 48.97 41.84 151.29 26.14 9.12 1.06 15.92 27.42 27.11 53.57 95.79 324.07 202.20 157.54 143.05 165.05 66.77 58.49 65.60 138.64 90.44 115.79 156.38 79.40 104.10 156.22 134.07 99.30 108.87 62.86 77.53 78.13 56.66 99.63 108.51 56.59 35.39 40.31 58.15 48.11 41.70 148.47 221.22 61.27 47.27 40.91 37.40 39.09 38.06 35.74 63.86 68.47 45.54 72.11 83.13 104.62 105.07 112.39 125.26 53.70 41.75 41.21 41.97 49.00 62.96 69.11 181.30 64.41 43.95 41.26 56.56 59.01 48.13 56.77 98.27 OCT 234.47 192.67 368.67 595.61 143.59 375.13 275.54 187.77 167.98 82.65 449.05 96.71 672.37 312.94 386.64 211.99 170.46 440.54 710.63 256.06 185.17 225.75 362.43 210.09 122.66 323.09 208.56 527.52 303.45 NOV 214.76 273.48 639.46 720.13 108.64 456.17 396.24 356.16 165.94 270.58 347.09 216.48 699.68 209.54 290.33 234.44 136.29 497.95 707.05 122.15 785.53 686.16 538.51 232.86 208.72 453.31 416.06 340.99 383.02 DEC ANNUALY 387.30 118.09 129.02 120.17 217.96 160.18 407.60 188.01 78.47 78.10 109.50 97.73 131.29 109.36 308.86 112.66 182.27 67.29 176.90 80.85 62.35 95.80 99.35 73.10 87.09 147.21 283.51 90.16 95.31 111.44 340.65 94.20 138.34 73.87 283.56 131.77 270.50 185.84 93.02 100.77 506.00 148.73 617.57 243.39 404.58 207.24 267.74 133.12 179.76 110.47 368.55 133.19 232.29 144.16 606.26 173.82 252.34 126.10


Trang 50


Bang 3.25-Lu lng thc o ca trm Thnh MYEAR 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 MEAN JAN 77.65 87.74 73.61 101.00 120.10 40.79 82.46 99.22 107.80 107.10 85.75 150.10 50.34 89.59 92.26 96.73 111.10 86.56 131.10 162.50 54.24 216.10 171.30 186.00 106.90 99.29 102.90 67.34 105.63 FEB 44.36 49.02 51.51 70.89 70.36 26.86 62.73 60.59 60.54 69.83 61.38 68.88 39.40 63.95 51.49 57.97 59.49 65.92 95.52 92.67 39.44 126.70 131.80 95.57 61.83 64.48 58.43 46.29 66.00 MAR 47.15 31.82 31.49 43.56 44.60 20.07 41.71 40.24 42.12 51.81 46.38 51.66 32.66 52.66 37.09 43.10 47.98 63.40 53.38 64.06 28.03 97.54 65.72 77.87 50.15 50.62 45.93 39.72 47.95 APR 34.59 25.27 25.69 41.43 43.85 16.17 40.89 40.64 33.01 35.61 34.90 34.42 25.58 52.14 27.66 35.23 87.83 74.54 46.24 63.32 23.82 85.63 90.87 52.08 45.64 46.98 45.61 32.27 44.35 MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 50.20 37.63 51.70 50.65 169.70 37.80 165.50 58.49 58.71 50.67 41.96 93.08 57.35 48.66 130.90 56.52 66.99 47.56 36.35 41.37 30.05 37.64 30.42 24.93 131.30 21.52 39.96 31.30 53.35 50.63 45.77 68.49 41.41 41.66 47.86 52.95 77.11 44.39 34.71 86.72 59.26 39.02 34.07 40.73 30.45 30.56 36.67 25.08 47.94 123.20 47.32 48.18 54.76 35.26 57.03 93.10 62.98 60.58 55.44 68.07 58.07 38.24 31.78 45.67 88.67 50.79 44.22 44.05 52.55 54.49 33.67 44.37 33.18 87.91 82.30 38.25 33.89 37.12 28.99 52.04 72.92 39.30 54.50 46.26 178.90 31.74 47.23 35.92 71.91 84.70 80.50 84.51 60.02 51.38 147.70 72.95 44.70 42.53 39.11 276.10 29.22 21.04 21.97 28.39 75.64 138.40 142.50 86.11 79.37 66.01 118.90 102.30 106.10 174.30 112.30 73.69 51.98 44.24 71.82 53.91 47.16 44.66 40.90 95.14 236.50 50.06 48.12 48.97 47.30 93.61 42.13 95.45 53.50 82.57 91.75 31.24 26.08 35.83 48.30 189.80 54.88 60.07 46.92 56.41 102.58 OCT 147.50 190.90 322.20 521.10 60.82 321.30 271.00 173.20 303.60 53.36 458.90 80.27 700.70 240.80 488.90 175.00 190.70 493.20 614.50 150.30 191.80 277.00 440.20 217.30 223.50 334.20 123.90 363.70 290.35 NOV 225.70 263.60 601.90 581.60 82.85 355.30 380.40 313.20 198.20 2 46.50 270.90 124.50 577.50 155.30 366.10 195.30 218.80 551.70 901.70 234.10 869.60 786.80 664.20 234.30 262.70 359.60 323.40 306.50 380.44 DEC 241.90 137.70 164.80 300.40 42.69 122.00 206.40 276.50 328.80 124.20 186.50 97.95 199.70 206.30 173.50 433.70 199.60 304.80 581.20 110.10 455.60 562.40 435.50 247.80 192.10 219.00 168.90 373.10 253.33 ANNUALY 98.23 96.44 136.93 159.06 59.97 91.60 110.90 108.29 106.47 79.32 115.61 79.00 157.36 92.24 126.54 102.28 108.95 159.30 237.31 112.70 153.23 222.05 217.79 117.21 117.27 121.85 102.87 130.01 125.74


Trang 51


Bng m hnh RRMOD phc hi dng chy cho lu vc nghin cu l A Vng ta p dng b thng s ca m hnh i vi lu vc trm Thnh M cho lu vc A Vng. nh gi tin cy ca b thng s hiu chnh ny khi tnh ton phc hi lu lng cho lu vc A Vng, tin hnh so snh kt qu lu lng tnh ton bng m hnh v lu lng thc o ca trm Thnh M Bang 3.25- Lu lng trung binh thang va trung binh nhiu nm cua nhiu nm thc o va tinh toan tram Thanh My

Lu lng trung bnh thnLu l ng trung bi nh tha ng va trung bi nh nm cu a 28 nm

1 2 3 4 Thng Thc o 105.63 66.00 47.95 44.35 Tnh ton 105.99 64.41 43.95 41.26 Sai s 0.34 2.46 9.09 7.50 tng i(%)450.00 400.00 350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00

Lu l ng(m3/s)

Th c o

Ti nh toa n

50.00

0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Hinh 3.2- Biu tng quan gia lu lng trung binh cac thang gia cac nm va trung binh nhiu nm gia thc o va tinh toan tram Thanh My Sai s tng i gia lu lng tinh toan va lu lng thc o la tng i nho Sai s tng i gia gia tri thc o va gia tri tinh toan cua lu lng trung binh thang cua nhiu nm chi co hai thang mua kit la thang 3 va thang 4 co sai s ln lt la 9,09 va 7,50 ,cac thang con lai co sai s tng i nho trong khoang t 0,34 n 4,39 %


Trang 52


Sai s tng i gia gia tri thc o va tinh toan cua lu lng trung binh nhiu nm kha nho 0,28 % T kt qu nh gi trn, cho thy cc b thng s ca m hnh c chn l hp l v kt qu tnh ton t m hnh l ng tin cy.

Hinh 3.3- ng qua trinh dong chay thc o va tinh toan lu vc tram Thanh My Bng 3.26 : Cc thng s ca m hnh RRMOD tnh cho lu vc Thnh M. Tn thng s Din tch lu vc H s cng thm mt H s cng thm st mt H s cng thm su Thng s iu chnh lng ma theo tng vng Thng s hm bc hi trn din tch t nng nghip Thng s tp trung dng chy trn din tch t NN Thng s biu th nh hng ca ca vic thm nc xung lp di trn din tch t NN K hiu AREA FILCA PERCA DPERCA a1 a2 a3 a4 n v Km2 m m m Gi tr 1850 0,190 0,100 0,011 1,30 6,98 8,00 1,30


Trang 53


Tn thng s Thng s ca hm thm trn din tch t NN Thng s ca hm mao dn trn din tch t NN Thng s iu chnh lng ma theo tng vng Thng s ca hm bc hi trn din tch t rng Thng s tp trung dng chy trn din tch t rng Thng s biu th nh hng ca ca vic thm nc xung lp di trn din tch t rng Thng s ca hm thm trn din tch t rng Thng s ca hm mao dn trn din tch t rng Thng s iu chnh lng ma theo tng vng Thng s ca hm bc hi trn din tch t trng Thng s tp trung dng chy trn din tch t trng Thng s biu th nh hng ca ca vic thm nc xung lp di trn din tch t trng Thng s ca hm thm Thng s ca hm mao dn trn din tch t trng Thng s ca hm bc hi trn din tch di mt Thng s tp trung dng chy trn din tch t trng Thng s biu th nh hng ca ca vic thm nc xung lp di i vi lp di mt Thng s ca hm thm trn din tch SVTH: Hoang Trong Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A

K hiu a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

n v

Gi tr 8,70 0,7 0 1,30 6,98 8,00

a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 a15 a16

1,30 8,70 0,70 1,30 6,98 8,00 1,30

a17 a18 a19 a20 a21

8,70 1,30 3,00 0,6 1,30

a22

8,70 Trang 54


Tn thng s t trng Thng s ca hm mao dn i vi lp di mt Thng s tp trung dng chy ngm Thng s ca hm thm i vi lp di mt Lng tr nc ban u Lng tr nc nh nht trn din tch t nng nghip Lng tr nc nh nht trn din tch t rng Lng tr nc nh nht trn din tch t trng Lng tr nc di mt nh nht Lng tr nc ngm nh nht

K hiu a23 a24 a25 SAImin SAmin SFmin SLmin SSmin SBmin

n v

Gi tr 0,70 0,91 8,70 0,100 0,070 0,080 0,050 0,070 0,480

S dng cc b thng s ca m hnh RRMOD lu vc Thnh M, tin hnh xc nh qu trnh dng chy nm cho lu vc sng A Vng vi cc ti liu sau: Din tch lu vc, ti liu ma, ti liu bc hi, tnh hnh s dng t ca lu vc A Vng. Trong th mc ca lu vc sng A Vng, cc ti liu tnh ton trn c a vo hai file s liu : bd1.d v rrmod.run. File bd1.d : Cha cc s liu : -B thng s iu hnh ca m hnh : 28 thng s ca lu vc Thnh M -Din tch lu vc, din tch t nng nghip, din tch t rng ca lu vc A Vng .-Cng thm : 3 thng s ca lu vc Thnh M. -m : 12 thng s ca lu vc Thnh M. -H s hiu chnh ma cho cc thng : 12 h s ca lu vc Thnh M. - H s thay i din tch t nng nghip : 28 h s, tng ng vi 28 nm t nm 1978 n 2005 ca lu vc A Vng. -H s thay i din tch t rng : 28 h s, tng ng vi 28 nm t nm 1978 n 2005 ca lu vc A Vng. File rrmod.run : Gm s liu kh tng thu vn vi lit ti liu 28 nm t 1978 n 2005 : -Ti liu ma lu vc ca lu vc A Vng.


Trang 55


-Ti liu bc hi lu vc ca lu vc A Vng. Kt qu to dng chy file KQ1 Kt qu qu trnh dng chy ca lu vc A Vng m phng t ma bng m hnh RRMOD

Hinh 3.4-ng qua trinh dong chay tinh toan lu vc A Vng


Trang 56


Bang 3.27-Lu lng tinh toan bng m hinh RRMOD lu vc A VngYEAR 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 MEAN JAN 70.29 26.37 13.97 28.69 43.73 16.12 22.22 26.33 21.81 48.99 26.39 34.60 10.86 22.26 31.13 24.99 41.34 35.36 33.52 40.76 17.73 38.32 46.57 47.84 39.32 25.01 36.20 18.63 31.76 FEB 24.06 12.36 10.16 26.80 16.44 10.22 11.52 14.16 30.02 19.01 31.97 18.35 19.32 18.14 12.44 15.10 15.06 18.87 31.66 40.97 8.63 62.13 34.85 29.36 17.74 32.34 19.19 17.47 22.08 MAR 17.46 7.91 5.91 6.85 9.88 3.00 7.06 11.51 17.14 24.78 10.46 18.60 10.56 17.02 5.97 11.31 7.67 14.04 17.09 24.55 4.19 47.13 22.74 30.19 15.00 25.40 14.80 10.38 14.95 APR 19.26 12.22 10.09 47.04 80.71 0.77 19.48 23.11 11.42 12.90 10.92 21.00 9.98 27.89 2.96 13.64 10.63 4.47 31.35 41.73 3.68 51.67 53.60 13.52 9.11 33.51 22.36 24.50 22.27 MAY 41.35 46.74 30.09 56.23 43.17 2.29 26.44 15.68 37.09 21.41 13.94 71.89 22.41 31.49 19.79 86.46 38.88 33.60 48.48 41.92 24.68 63.77 58.84 38.51 22.89 37.66 31.81 34.12 37.20 JUN 69.34 129.45 67.94 41.75 25.84 41.18 18.41 32.28 30.09 35.94 8.90 38.65 13.30 14.94 63.28 44.44 25.68 33.20 26.46 13.82 27.82 44.87 28.92 28.79 23.92 28.34 30.61 20.36 36.02 JUL 34.78 39.45 48.69 39.83 17.48 41.16 36.50 24.61 13.98 21.54 9.20 19.81 10.22 24.33 37.70 29.11 8.96 21.15 17.78 16.52 25.50 18.79 31.26 11.56 9.85 17.33 37.16 40.73 25.18 AUG 25.28 29.05 36.29 17.74 21.08 24.52 30.28 15.32 19.63 28.23 11.97 24.17 24.65 30.06 34.04 23.81 14.05 31.05 14.91 12.07 38.50 28.65 55.93 58.72 44.89 35.45 43.31 38.83 29.02 SEP 84.09 33.67 141.98 30.02 50.98 28.13 21.89 29.44 13.61 65.66 18.60 13.05 40.06 18.15 41.48 20.36 60.31 33.57 66.91 62.42 51.78 21.88 42.25 31.35 76.16 61.21 28.74 44.63 44.01 OCT 89.09 44.40 152.62 208.95 29.51 170.29 89.64 72.44 101.04 28.45 125.65 19.93 222.53 108.07 176.75 106.62 72.94 207.47 194.31 66.90 54.71 89.71 151.73 81.78 66.45 80.42 52.59 128.97 106.93 NOV 46.44 66.38 295.82 197.06 32.80 138.09 121.23 132.49 57.70 123.60 84.92 28.11 204.51 67.80 94.37 72.11 41.92 154.36 195.92 34.41 229.20 285.97 146.34 77.61 72.68 94.68 135.14 110.92 119.38 DEC ANNUALY 68.12 49.13 28.92 39.74 109.53 76.92 81.63 65.22 27.92 33.30 30.41 42.18 51.96 38.05 72.13 39.13 89.11 36.89 72.23 41.90 37.83 32.56 17.64 27.15 31.13 51.63 43.40 35.30 41.50 46.78 94.50 45.20 88.77 35.52 57.07 53.68 105.70 65.34 44.00 36.67 131.55 51.50 216.35 80.77 68.68 61.81 77.26 43.87 43.44 36.79 66.42 44.81 52.61 42.04 88.21 48.14 69.21 46.50


Trang 57


Sau khi khi phuc dong chay cho lu vc A Vng tin hanh ve ng tn sut bng phn mm ve ng tn sut theo cac bc: -Ly s liu lu lng trung binh nhiu nm cua lu vc A Vng sau khi khi phuc trong file kt qua K1 cua chng trinh RRMOD a vao cac file co ui SL trong phn mm ve ng tn sut -Tin hanh chay chng trinh ve ng tn sut va hiu chinh cac gia tri Cv,Cs va Q c ng tn sut hp ly c kt qua ng tn sut nh sau:

Hinh 3.5- ng tn sut lu lng trung binh nm lu vc A Vng Bang 3.28- ng tn sut lu lng bnh qun lu vc A Vng Cac kt qua tinh toan thu c c trng thng k Gi tr trung bnh Q H s phn tn CV H s thin lch CS Gi tr 47,70 0.323 2.011 n v m/s

Bang 3.29- Kt qua tinh tn sut lu lng trung binh nm lu vc A VngKET QUA TINH TOAN TAN SUAT THEO PHUONG PHAP DUONG THICH HOP


Trang 58


LUU LUONG BINH QUAN LUU VUC A VUONG F=682KM2 CAC THAM SO THONG KE Q = 1302.02 Qtb = 47.70 Cv = 0.323 Cs = 2.011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------N P (%) Qp (m3/s) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 0.01 181.27 2 0.10 141.40 3 0.20 129.76 4 0.33 121.46 5 0.50 114.65 6 1.00 103.43 7 1.50 96.94 8 2.00 92.38 9 3.00 86.01 10 5.00 78.06 11 10.00 67.43 12 20.00 56.94 13 25.00 53.58 14 30.00 50.84 15 40.00 46.51 16 50.00 43.14 17 60.00 40.36 18 70.00 37.96 19 75.00 36.87 20 80.00 35.84 21 85.00 34.85 22 90.00 33.91 23 95.00 33.02 24 97.00 32.69 25 99.00 32.45 26 99.90 32.38 27 99.99 31.73

3.5.6 Phn phi dng chy nm thit k 3.5.6.1 Cac phng phap phn phi dong chay nm thit k SVTH: Hong Trng Minh Hin-Lp 05X2A Trang 59


Dng chy trong mt nm khng phi u nhau m c thi gian dng chy ln, c thi gian dng chy nh di s tc ng ca cc yu t sinh ra dng chy. S thay i dng chy trong nm c gi l phn phi dng chy nm. Phn phi dng chy nm l mt c trng quan trng m t ch dng chy sng ngi, n quyt nh n bin php v quy m cc cng trnh khai thc ngun nc. tnh ton phn phi dng chy nm ty thuc vo ti liu quan trc thy vn c th s dng cc phng php sau: a)Khi c ti liu quan trc thy vn: Thng dng phng php nm in hnh phn phi - Chn nm in hnh Chn nm in hnh ta phi c lu lng thit k dng chy nm QP v lu lng thit k dng chy ma kh QKP(WP v WKP) Xem xt trong cc ti liu thc o ly mt nm in hnh ng thi tha mn hai iu kin sau y: + Qh ~ QP (Wh ~ WP) + Qkh ~ QKP (Wkh ~ WKP) - Xc nh dng chy nm thit k Ta c: Qip % = ViKi =

K i Qidh l lu lng ca nm thit k. 100Qi 100% l h s thu phng. Q nam 12

(3.32)(3.33)

b)Khi c t ti liu Nu t s nm o c ca lu vc nghin cu chn mt nm in hnh th vic xc nh qu trnh phn phi dng chy ging nh trng hp c ti liu. chn nm in hnh phi da vo lu vc tng t, nm in hnh phi nm vo nm c ti liu o c song song gia hai lu vc. Nu nm in hnh khng c chn theo yu cu trn th ta coi nh l trng hp khng c ti liu o c. c)Khi khng c ti liu + Mn dng phn phi dng chy nm thit k ca lu vc tng t + Phn phi dng chy lu vc thit k theo dng phn phi in hnh cho tng vng. Lu vc A Vng a c khi phuc dong chay 28 nm bng m hinh RRMOD theo lu vc tram Thanh My nn khi phn phi dong chay nm thit k cho lu vc A Vng ta dung phng phap nm in hinh phn phi


Trang 60


3.5.6.2 Kt qua phn phi dng chy nm thit k phuc vu tinh toan thuy nng tin hanh tinh toan cho ba nm in hinh la nm nhiu nc (p=25%),nm trung binh nc (p=50%) va nm it nc (p=75%) Phng php tnh l tm nm in hnh trong chui s liu lm dng phn phi cho nm thit k. Nm lm nm in hnh cn m bo v lng dng chy nm, dng chy ma kit v thng kit theo cc tn sut thit k. Chn nm bt li hn v dng chy lm nm in hnh. Ngoai ra tranh trng hp chon nm in hinh vao trng hp c bit thi nm c chon con phai co tinh ph bin Vi cc tiu chun nh vy sau khi tnh ton chn c cc nm in hnh theo cc tn sut nh sau: Bang 3.30-Bng lu lng cc nm in hnh

Thang

1

2 19.32 18.87 2.9350 19.19

3 10.56 14.04 2.18

4 9.98 4.47 0.69 4.46

5

Q1990 10.86 Q1995 35.36 KiP% Q2004

22

33

5.4925 36.2

5.

Q25% Bang 3.31-Bng la chn nm in hnh 35.29 18.83 14.01Qp%(m3/s) 53,58 43.14 36,87

33

14.875 22.36 31 2.93 4.43

Nm i 1995 2004 1986 Q2001n hinh47.84 29.36 30.19 13.52 38 Sau khi chon c nm in hinh ng vi 3 tn sut thit k p=25%,p=50% ,p=75% phai chuyn qua trinh dong chay nm in hinh thanh dong chay nm thit k bng cac

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CHUONG 1,2,3