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Civil War. Chapter 21:i. The English Parliament had won several important rights by the 1500s. Parliamentary powers included:. approval of new taxes passage of laws proposed by the monarch advising monarchs. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Civil War
Chapter 21:i
The English Parliament had won several important rights
by the 1500s.
Parliamentary powers included:
• approval of new taxes• passage of laws proposed
by the monarch• advising monarchs
Even so, monarchs
such as King Henry VIII still wielded more power
than the Parliament.
English monarchs had the power to
name officials and appoint judges, . . .
summon and dismiss parliament,
. . .
and conduct foreign policy.
Henry VIII sought and won Parliament’s approval to establish
the Church of England.
Queen Elizabeth I
died in 1603 leaving no
direct heir to the English
throne.
As a result, King James VI
of Scotland became King
James I of England in
1603.
James I believed that
kings ruled by divine right.
“Kings are called gods because they sit upon
God’s throne on earth.”
- King James I
King James Bible
James I’s belief that kings should have no restraints on their power led to conflict with Parliament.
Guy Fawkes
The English Parliament was a bicameral legislative assembly.
The House of Lords was composed of nobles who served for
life and were known as
Lords of the Realm.
The elected representatives to the House of
Commons were mostly
wealthy landowners
known as the gentry.
James I and Parliament quarreled over:
• religion
• money
• foreign policy
Puritans wanted to
“purify” the Anglican Roman
Church of Catholic
rituals and ceremonies.
James I constantly needed money to support his lavish lifestyle and pay for his wars with Catholic Spain.
James I angered
Parliament when he revived
feudal fines and increased
customs duties.
Many people felt that
James I did not give
enough help to Protestants
in Europe during the Wars of Religion.
Charles I inherited the
throne from his father in 1625. Like James I, he believed in
the divine right of kings.
The alliance with France was sealed when he married Louis XIII’s sister
Henrietta Maria in 1624.
Charles I dismissed Parliament when it refused to give him enough money.
Charles I was forced to summon Parliament in 1628 because he
needed funds desperately.
Petition of Right
• no forced loans
• cannot levy taxes without
Parliament’s consent
• cannot imprison a person
without cause
• no quartering of soldiers
After Parliament approved the
funds he needed, Charles I
dismissed it, ignored the
Petition of Right, and returned to the policies of
James I.
Charles I would rule for eleven years without calling
another Parliament.
Charles I appointed unpopular
officials such as William Laud to be
Archbishop of Canterbury.
Charles I used special courts such as the Court of High Commission and the Court of Star Chamber to
silence opposition.
A Scottish army invaded England
in 1640 when Charles I tried to
impose the Anglican Church
on Scotland.
Charles I summoned
Parliament in 1640 because
he needed money to
equip and for pay an army.
The Parliament called in 1640 would meet in one form or
another until 1660 and become known as the Long Parliament.
Demanded trial
and execution
of Charles I’s
chief ministers
for abusing
power.
Warrant
Parliament abolished the Court of High Commission
and the Court of Star
Chamber.
The king was required to call a parliament at least once
every three years.
Parliament condemned Charles I as
a tyrant.
Compromise between Charles I and Parliament
was made impossible when the king attempted to arrest five of his most outspoken
opponents.
John Pym
John Hampden
Henry Ireton
Sir Arthur Hazelrich
The king’s supporters were called Cavaliers.
Supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads because they cut their hair close to their
heads.
A fully equipped pikeman
A typical 17th century musketeer
with “twelve Apostles” containing
pre-measured powder charges.
A political cartoon
depicting a pillaging soldier.
Puritan army officer Oliver
Cromwell reorganized Parliament’s
army in 1645.
New Model Army
Oliver Cromwell was known as “Ironsides” because of the strict discipline he enforced, and the fact that he never lost a battle while in command.
Battle of Naseby, 14th June 1645.
Charles I was put on trial by Parliament in January 1649.
Charles I was sentenced to die by having his head chopped off.
The House of Commons abolished both the monarchy and the House of Lords and proclaimed England
a republic.
Cromwell was chosen to lead the new republic, or Commonwealth.
Reformers known as Levellers wanted to
abolish titles of nobility and
allow all English men the
right to vote.
Parliament became so seriously divided
that Cromwell dissolved it in 1654
and ruled England as a dictator with the
title Lord Protector.
Cromwell used the army to govern the country and impose strict Puritan rule.
Richard Cromwell
succeeded his father as Lord Protector of
England.
Charles I and family
John Milton