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SINTEF Petroleum Research

www.sintef.com

CO2 Transport Capabilities Statement

November 2010

ObjectiveDevelop and utilize knowledge about CO

2 transport

and storage using industrial scale laboratory facilities, leading edge modelling tools and 30 years experience from flow assurance research, development and consultancy in the Oil & Gas industry.

BackgroundSINTEF is playing a major part in the development of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology through management and participation in large international research projects (e.g. BIGCCS, SOLVit, DECARBit, CO

2 Dynamics, CO

2 Field Lab) and a

number of smaller scale industry projects.

The CO2 transport area is an essential part of the CCS chain.

SINTEF Petroleum Research (SPF) has a 30 year track record of developing industry research in the Flow Assurance area, a focus area in the Oil & Gas industry. The large scale Multiphase Flow Laboratory at Tiller in Trondheim has played a crucial role in the development of multiphase flow simulators and other Oil & Gas research and development, enabling long distance multiphase flow transport on fields such as Troll, Ormen Lange and Snøhvit.

The laboratory facilities, modelling and simulation skills, field development experience, cooperation with major industry

partners and leading position in CO2 storage and EOR makes

SPF a natural companion in the new focus area of CO2

transport.

The laboratory facilities are prepared for CO2 experiments to

assist in ensuring “CO2 Flow Assurance” on its way from the

CO2 capturing process through the injection pipeline and wells

down into the storage aquifers and reservoirs. We solve flow assurance issues such as excessive pressure drop, phase change dynamics, loss of injectivity, system optimization, operability and low temperature problems such as hydrate formation and icing in the liquefied CO

2 transport scenario.

Industrial Scale FacilitiesCO

2 Capture and CO

2 Transport

CO2 Capture and Multiphase Flow Laboratory at Tiller in Trondheim, Norway.

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The following two scenarios are considered most viable for industrial scale CO

2 transport:

1. Pipeline transport and injection into suitable storage reservoirs

2. Shipped transport of liquefied CO2 and injection

into suitable storage reservoirs or existing injection pipelines for further transport and storage

Both scenarios require flow and process modelling and engineering of the transport system in order to achieve technical feasible designs and minimize operational and capital costs. In the pipeline transport scenario this involves modelling and optimization of the compression system and pipeline/injection wells. In the shipped transport scenario this involves modelling and optimization of the loading process (the cooling/liquefication process and compression to optimum

Modelling

Flow and heat transfer modelling

n Flow optimization and thermal design of injection system using state-of-the-art simulators

n Transient flow and heat transfer with OLGA and LedaFlow (1D/Q3D)

n CFD/FEM simulations for complex geometries (ex. near-wellbore/perforations/cracks, formation, valves, bends, manifolds)

n Model development and validation against experiments

storage tank conditions), the unloading process (pressurisation and heating to suitable injection pressure and temperature) and the injection well flow and heat transfer. The low temperatures of the CO

2 is an issue due

to material problems and potential solidification, hydrate formation and freezing problems in this case.

SINTEF Petroleum Research has wide experience in performing consultancy simulation studies as well as model development with the aid of experimental validation in our lab. In the CO

2 transport area customers request

simulation studies with detailed dynamic modelling of pipeline/well flow and heat transfer, including modelling of near-well injectivity and PVT (impurities). The flow model gives basis for design and operation of the pipeline/well injection system. Furthermore process modelling, system design and optimization in close cooperation with other disciplines (reservoir, well completion, drilling, pipeline, CCS-process) are central activities.

Formation temperatures predicted with OLGA.

Next generation Q3D Flow Assurance Simulator.

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Integrated dynamic modelling

n Coupling CO2-capture and compression process with

flow model: K-SPICE + LedaFlow

n Coupling flow model with near-well reservoir model (LedaFlow + ECLIPSE or OLGA + ROCX) for advanced modelling of well injectivity and reservoir response

n System design and optimization (CCS, injection pipeline and well network)

n Operability studies - how to operate and control the CO

2 injection system

n Close cooperation with other disciplines in multidiscipline development projects (reservoir, drilling, well/completion, CO

2-capture process)

PVT and process modelling

n PVT models for CO2 (Span&Wagner), impurities,

hydrate formation, freezing during depressurisation or injection of liquefied CO

2

n Process simulation with HYSYS (steady state) and K-SPICE (dynamic)

- Optimize CO2 capture process, CO

2 liquefication

process, compression and transport

- Equipment sizing

- Control system design and verification

Source: Bellona

ECLIPSE/ROCX

OLGA/LEDA

K-SPICE

OLGA/LedaFlow

CO2 phase diagram.

Bottom hole pressure during rapid shutdown.

CONTACT

SINTEF Petroleumsforskning AS (SINTEF Petroleum Research)POB 4763 Sluppen, NO-7465 Trondheim, NorwayPhone: + 47 73 59 11 00, www.sintef.no/petroleum

Jon Harald Kaspersen,Cellphone: +47 930 36 590e-mail: jon.h.kaspersen@sintef.no

Espen Krogh,Phone: +47 73 59 11 93e-mail: espen.krogh@sintef.no

The laboratory facilities are located nearby the Nidelven river at Tiller in Trondheim. Here experienced researchers, engineers and technicians execute flow assurance experiments in the largest and most advanced multiphase flow laboratories in the world. Experiments are provided in realistic conditions for CO

2 pipeline transport and liquefied

transport. The multiphase flow laboratory is the nearest neighbour to the new CO

2 capture laboratory

(opened in 2010) where post combustion capturing technology is developed.

Wheel Flow LoopsnWheel loops for pump-free investigations of multiphase

pipe flownCharacterization of fluid systemsnVisual/video inspection of flow characteristicsnMain activity within hydrate studies, flow properties and

optimizing use of chemicals (hydrate inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, flow improvers, etc.)

nDesigned for real multiphase fluid systemsnSuitable for CO

2 flow studies with impurities and slurry

transportnEstimation of effective viscositynPressure 1-1000 bar, temperature -10 to 90°CnVelocity 0.3 to 5 m/snPipe diameter 2” and 5”nWheel diameter 2 m

1” Flow Loopn CO

2 with impurities under controlled temperature

conditionsnHydrate studiesnFlow studiesnDepressurizationnPressure up to 100 barnTemperature -10 to 50°CnTotal length 50 mnDiameter 25 mm (1”)nVisual/video inspection of flow

Laboratory Facilities

Technical specifications

Flow Loops.

Tailor-made experimental rig for testing of multiphase supersonic nozzle for injection of CO

2 and steamed produced water mixture.

1” flow loop.

Wheel flow loop.