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COMMUNICATION FACTORSCOMMUNICATION FACTORS
“ “ Correct knowledge is important and the Correct knowledge is important and the ability to teachability to teach it moreso.If you are really it moreso.If you are really going to make a difference as a coach it’s going to make a difference as a coach it’s how you impart your knowledge to your how you impart your knowledge to your athletes.This ability to pass on your athletes.This ability to pass on your knowledge is invaluable.”knowledge is invaluable.”
Sir Clive WoodwardSir Clive Woodward
Good Teachers ?Good Teachers ?
Teaching is not what one DOES – it is what one IS.
M Hellison
TEACHINGTELLING
INFLUENCING
ENLIGHTENMENT
UNDERSTANDING
EXPERIMENTATION
DEMONSTRATING
CHALLENGING
GUIDING
ADVISING
INVENTION
PERSUADING
OWNERSHIP
RESPONSIBILITY
QUESTIONING
PROVOKING
COMMUNICATINGCOMMUNICATING
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
‘‘No matter how much knowledge No matter how much knowledge a coach has, no matter how a coach has, no matter how great his understanding of the great his understanding of the physical and emotional needs of physical and emotional needs of his athletes, his success or his athletes, his success or failure,boils down to one thing – failure,boils down to one thing –
COMMUNICATION’COMMUNICATION’
COACHING COACHING ISIS
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
CommunicationCommunication
WHEN ?WHEN ?
Where ?Where ?
With who ?With who ?
Why ?Why ?
What ?What ?
COMMUNICATION – HOW ?COMMUNICATION – HOW ?
CommunicationCommunication
HOW?HOW?
VERBAL VERBAL
VISUALVISUAL
KINAESTHETICKINAESTHETIC
WRITTENWRITTEN
WithCLARITY
AUTHENTICITYIMPACT
VERBAL FACTORSVERBAL FACTORS
VERBAL FACTORS
TONE
DICTION
VOLUME EMPHASISSPEED PAUSE
SINCERITY
CERTAINTY
COMPOSURE
AUDIENCEAPPROPRIATE
EMOTIONAL
VOCABULARY
CONFIDENCE
LANGUAGE TYPE
TIMBRE
ACCENT(Trust )
STORY ANALOGYMETAPHOR
POWER WORDS
PLAYER
PLAYERSDIRECTORS PARENTS HALF TIME
TRAINING GROUND
TOUCHLINE
V
DIALECT
CONVINCING
ASSERTIVE
Non - Verbal Spoken Word Words
35% 5858%%
7%7%
Communication – feelings and Communication – feelings and attitudesattitudes
Communication – feelings and Communication – feelings and attitudesattitudes
WORDS
NON-VERBAL
VERBAL
DELIVERY
Albert Mehrabian
CommunicationCommunicationVERBAL FACTORSVERBAL FACTORS 1) Voice (speed, volume, overload, diction, pitch, timbre.)1) Voice (speed, volume, overload, diction, pitch, timbre.) 2) Vocabulary (meaning, understood, word selection / richness)2) Vocabulary (meaning, understood, word selection / richness) 3) Tonality.3) Tonality. 4) Projection of voice (distance, inflection.)4) Projection of voice (distance, inflection.) 5) Pause, Silence, Emotion, Timing, Emphasis.5) Pause, Silence, Emotion, Timing, Emphasis. 6) Poise, Clarity, Authority, Analogy, Story. 6) Poise, Clarity, Authority, Analogy, Story. 7) Auditory, Visual Wording7) Auditory, Visual Wording
“ “ Words affect state .State affects behaviour.”Words affect state .State affects behaviour.”
v
“Blair was tailoring his speech to what he imagined would be more acceptable tothe down-market audience.It was the same when he visited the USA – he re-positioned his accent to better identify with America. He adopted different voices to appeal to each.”
“ I like clarity.I don’t waste my time being
unclear. But that can be seen as strict.”
Charls van Commenee
CommunicationCommunicationVERBAL FACTORSVERBAL FACTORS Voice and languageVoice and language -Matching-Matching - - RAPPORT=Commonality.RAPPORT=Commonality. ““people like peoplepeople like people like themselves”like themselves”
Power word repetition.Power word repetition.
“ “ Words affect state .State affects behaviour.”Words affect state .State affects behaviour.”
v
“Blair was tailoring his speech to what he imagined would be more acceptable tothe down-market audience.It was the same when he visited the USA – he re-positioned his accent to better identify with America. He adopted different voices to appeal to each.”
Power word repetition E Miliband:Generation x 41New x 34Change x 31
VERBAL FACTORS
TONE
DICTION
VOLUME EMPHASISSPEED PAUSE
SINCERITY
CERTAINTY
COMPOSURE
AUDIENCEAPPROPRIATE
EMOTIONAL
VOCABULARY
CONFIDENCE
LANGUAGE TYPE
TIMBRE
ACCENT
STORY ANALOGYMETAPHOR
POWER WORDS
PLAYER
PLAYERSDIRECTORS PARENTS
HALF TIME TRAINING GROUND
TOUCHLINE
V
DIALECT
CONVINCING
ASSERTIVE
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COACH ?
Finding the words that cause the emotion !
StatementStatementStoryStoryControversialControversial
Increased Increased volumevolume
Change Change of toneof tone
Increase Increase in speedin speed
EmotiveEmotiveLoud !Loud !
3’s3’s
STARTSTART
Engage audience/groupEngage audience/group
EmphasisEmphasis QuieterQuietersoftersofter
WordsWordsSentenceSentencessPausePause
EmotiveEmotivesoftsoft
CLARITYCLARITY
CONVICTIONCONVICTION
AUTHORITYAUTHORITYRESONANCERESONANCE
FLUENCYFLUENCY
COACHING SESSION
POWER WORDS REPETITION !
VISUAL FACTORSVISUAL FACTORS
“ If it’s silent P.R. you want
then leave me out of it .”
Gordon Brown April 2010
NON-VERBALFACTORS
DRESSSTYLE
COLOURING DEMEANOUR
STANCE
GESTURES
GROOMING
APPEARANCE
EYES
EXPRESSIONS
PERSONAL SPACE
GRAVITAS
PHYSIQUEGAIT
HANDSHAKE
SMILE
GREETING
PHYSICAL CONTACT
GIVING
THEY REMEMBER HOW YOU MADE THEM FEEL !
CONGRUENCY
ACCESORIES
COLOUR
The first thing we instinctivelyregister
when confronted by anything.
( can provoke emotional and physiological changes.)
RED – Energy, excitement, life.BLACK- Menace, aggression, power, authority.YELLOW –Happiness, good-times, optimismBLUE – Calming, wisdom, focussed.GREEN – Growth, nature, money.WHITE – Purity, cleanliness.
CommunicationCommunication
VISUAL FACTORSVISUAL FACTORS 1) Body-language.1) Body-language. 2) Posture.2) Posture. 3) Gesture. (Barack Obama, News reporters.)3) Gesture. (Barack Obama, News reporters.) 4) Mirroring and Matching.4) Mirroring and Matching. 5) Eye-contact, Eye-messages!5) Eye-contact, Eye-messages! 6) Physical Distance.6) Physical Distance. 7) Facial Expression.7) Facial Expression. 8) Dress, Grooming, Gait, Stance, Style. 8) Dress, Grooming, Gait, Stance, Style.
“Only shallow people do not judge
others by their appearance.”
Oscar Wilde
“Talking without speaking” U2
Political ConventionsAudiences !
You ARE the message !
NON-VERBALFACTORS
DRESSSTYLE
COLOURINGDEMEANOUR
STANCE
GESTURES
GROOMING
APPEARANCE
EYES
EXPRESSIONS
PERSONAL SPACE
GRAVITAS
PHYSIQUE
GAIT
HANDSHAKE
SMILE
GREETING
PHYSICAL CONTACT
GIVING
THEY REMEMBER HOW YOU MADE THEM FEEL !
CONGRUENCY
IMPLIC
ATIONS FOR THE C
OACH ?
Interviews,meeting players,board meetings,touch-line demeanour etc
StatementStatementStoryStoryPausePauseControversialControversial
Increased Increased volumevolume
Change Change of toneof tone
Increase Increase in speedin speed
EmotiveEmotiveLoud !Loud !
3’s3’s
STARTSTART
Engage audience/groupEngage audience/group
EmphasisEmphasis QuieterQuietersoftersofter
WordsWordsSentenceSentencess
PausePause
EmotiveEmotivesoftsoft
Small gesturesSmall gesturesEye contactEye contact
Hands , armsHands , armsbodybody
BiggerBiggergesturesgestures
DressDressDemeanourDemeanour
GravitasGravitasExpressionsExpressions
HumourHumour
SinceritySinceritysynchronicitysynchronicity
COACHING SESSION
CommunicationCommunication
KINAESTHETIC FACTORSKINAESTHETIC FACTORS 1) Holding someone1) Holding someone 2) Touching someone2) Touching someone 3) Giving something3) Giving something 4) Kinaesthetic “Language”4) Kinaesthetic “Language” 5) Social distance.5) Social distance. 6) Venue lay-out.(e.g. Hotel meeting room.)6) Venue lay-out.(e.g. Hotel meeting room.) 7) Venue conditions-light,temperature etc:7) Venue conditions-light,temperature etc:
“ He didn’t have a good feelingabout what needed
to be done or said.”
About D Hayward BP Executive
SIGNIFICANT COMMUNICATION FACTORSSIGNIFICANT COMMUNICATION FACTORS
PRESENCE !PRESENCE !
PRESENCEPRESENCE
“ … “ ….a national manager needs to be of a certain .a national manager needs to be of a certain age and must have a certain level of age and must have a certain level of experience.” he said.experience.” he said.
“ “ You have to You have to have a great presencehave a great presence and a c.v. and a c.v. that’s indisputable.”that’s indisputable.”
Sir Alex Ferguson on the appointment of Sir Alex Ferguson on the appointment of Fabio Capello as England Coach.Fabio Capello as England Coach.
PRESENCE !PRESENCE !
WHO ?WHO ?
WHAT IS PRESENCE ?WHAT IS PRESENCE ?
( The Criteria for presence ? )
Creates a Creates a perceptionperception that someone is that someone is
in some way a superior being requiringin some way a superior being requiring
respect from others .respect from others .
Ken Goldman (April 2010)Ken Goldman (April 2010)
WHAT IS PRESENCE ?WHAT IS PRESENCE ?
“ “Impressive force of appearance,Impressive force of appearance,
personality and bearing.”personality and bearing.”
PRESENCEPRESENCE Command of self.Command of self. Command of “material”.Command of “material”. Command of role.Command of role. Command of others.Command of others. Command of situation.Command of situation.
Appropriate behaviours.Appropriate behaviours.
An “aura” , a “vapour “An “aura” , a “vapour “ - Pavarotti, Clinton.- Pavarotti, Clinton.
Command of self.Command of self. Command of “material”.Command of “material”. Command of role.Command of role. Command of others.Command of others. Command of situation.Command of situation.
Appropriate behaviours.Appropriate behaviours.
An “aura” , a “vapour “An “aura” , a “vapour “ - Pavarotti, Clinton.- Pavarotti, Clinton.
Grabs and holds yourattention !
Manages all interactions.With dignity, control, confidence.
Manages all interactions.With dignity, control, confidence.
Assured, confident, relaxed, prepared.
UnderstatedProfessionalism
LANGUAGELANGUAGE
( an instrument for expression !)( an instrument for expression !)
LANGUAGELANGUAGELANGUAGELANGUAGE
Largely used in two ways. - to internalise, interpret and then represent our experiences based on
our perceptions of the world. AND - to communicate our world to others. ( reflects our thinking.)
Influences minds and mental programming. ( Northumbria Police ) Articulates our feelings and beliefs. Shifts beliefs, perceptions and attempts to create sense for others. Affects “state” and behaviour of individuals and groups. ( A Hitler ) Can frame and contextualise our experiences. Calls forth emotions and is the way we influence others. Impacts significantly when emotions are evoked ! Highly effective when it causes internal reasoning in others. “ I wonder if ….. “ How would you feel if ….. “ How will you know that …..
LANGUAGECreates focus and direction.
VOCABULARYIMPACT REQUIRED
3’s
Repetition.
LANGUAGELANGUAGELANGUAGELANGUAGE Largely used in two ways. - to internalise, interpret and then represent our experiences based on our
perceptions of the world. AND - to communicate our world to others. ( reflects our thinking.)
Influences minds and mental programming. ( Northumbria Police )
Shifts beliefs, perceptions and attempts to create sense for others. Affects “state” and behaviour of individuals and groups. ( A Hitler )
AUDIENCE ?
STYLE & SUBSTANCE
INTENSITY, FEEL, CONVICTION
BE UNDERSTOOD RATHER THAN HEARD (What you say or what they hear ? )
COACH Audience ?Age ?Stage ?Experience ?Needs ?Messages ?Method ?
QUESTIONING ?QUESTIONING ?
W H Y ?W H Y ?
QUESTIONING ?QUESTIONING ?
Gain information.Gain information. Calculate understanding.Calculate understanding. Generate ideas.Generate ideas. To increase awareness of -----To increase awareness of ----- Evaluate feelings,opinions etcEvaluate feelings,opinions etc To challenge others to analyse,evaluate.To challenge others to analyse,evaluate. To provoke others to explore,discover,create etcTo provoke others to explore,discover,create etc To promote internal reasoning,thought and consideration.To promote internal reasoning,thought and consideration. To restore further detail that may have been ommitted .To restore further detail that may have been ommitted . Tag questioning.Tag questioning.
etc,etcetc,etc
Higher order thinking.Higher order thinking.
Lower order thinking.Lower order thinking.
To analyse,consider,To analyse,consider,create etccreate etc
FactualFactual
DEMONSTRATIONSDEMONSTRATIONS
DEMONSTRATIONDEMONSTRATION
Why is the demonstration necessary ?Why is the demonstration necessary ? Can provide an appropriate visual image.Can provide an appropriate visual image. Coach capable ?Coach capable ? Use of others to demonstrate.Use of others to demonstrate. Players able to see !Players able to see ! Indicate what to look at / for / observe.Indicate what to look at / for / observe. Indicate exactly what to observe, simple,detail,brief.Indicate exactly what to observe, simple,detail,brief. Repeat the demonstration if needed.Repeat the demonstration if needed. Prompt questions after the demonstration.Prompt questions after the demonstration.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR COACHES !CONSIDERATIONS FOR COACHES !
Voice qualitiesVocabularyDifferent languagesPower wordsToneSpeedPauseEmphasisRepetition3 ‘ sAppropriate wordingQuestioning skill
PresenceVapourBrand !AppearanceGesturesBody LanguageColouringGaitDemeanourEyesDemonstration skill
YOU
Are the message !
TONE of the sessionStatesFeelings
TEACHERof the GAME
The MANThe MESSAGEThe METHOD
Persuasion skillsInfluencing skills
IMPACT, INSPIRE
HOW didyou leave
themfeeling ?
COACHING RELEVANCECOACHING RELEVANCE States and Feelings generated ! (V A K )States and Feelings generated ! (V A K ) Environment – place and vapour !Environment – place and vapour ! To whom are you communicating ,where, about what,why ?To whom are you communicating ,where, about what,why ? Mastery of varied communication circumstances & skills.Mastery of varied communication circumstances & skills. The purpose of the communication ? (facts,an order,opinion,emotion etc)The purpose of the communication ? (facts,an order,opinion,emotion etc) Listening – for meaning,for tone, for emotions, for needs, for vocabulary !Listening – for meaning,for tone, for emotions, for needs, for vocabulary ! Personal manner and demeanour.Personal manner and demeanour. Presence.Presence. Vocabulary – varied,rich,meaningful,analogy,metaphor,pictures etc.Vocabulary – varied,rich,meaningful,analogy,metaphor,pictures etc. Voice Factors to impact and inspire.Voice Factors to impact and inspire. Non verbal Factors to “speak without talking”.Non verbal Factors to “speak without talking”. Demonstration and questioning skill.Demonstration and questioning skill. Engage players.Engage players. Influence !Influence ! People often don’t remember what you said
but they remember how you made them feel !
ESSENTIAL COACHING SKILLS ?ESSENTIAL COACHING SKILLS ?
ENDEND