Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University 1 / 45 “Computer Engineering” Yeditepe University April 19th, 2004 Mustafa

Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

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“Computer Engineering”Yeditepe UniversityApril 19th, 2004

Mustafa Kandemir


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Outline• Introduction

• Computer Engineering

• IT Jobs

• Computers & Its Parts

• Database

• Datawarehouse & Datamining

• Telecommunication

• Major Types of Systems

• Conflicts Between Users and IT Person:

• Q&A


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My Working Life• Graduated from METU(Department Of Computer Engineering) in 1989.

• Completed MS for Informatics(Informatics Institute) in METU in 2004.

• 15 years of working mostly in development(sometimes project management).

• Unbelivable change in IT industry in that time.

• First PC' s( 4 PCs ) in 1985 in University, now almost everybody has one in their house or work.

• Old : PC with 5 Mhz CPU, No disk drive, monocolor screen, 32K pascal compiler with editor, DOS 3.0, 256KB memory

• Now: 2.x Ghz PCs laptops, with hundreds ob GB of disk, some GB of memory, with big, TFT color monitors.

• Software sizes up to Gigabytes


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Facts• Glorious times are behind.

• Try to go with technology.

• Improve your knowledge all the time.

• Be patient.

• Expect more challange by time

• Supply/Demand gap for IT personal decreased


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Computer Engineering• It is the application of CS.

• Are we really engineers ?

• What will you do in the future ?

• Programming is not everything.

• It is hard to decide a (job)role in business


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Jobs (1)

Hardware Related(body of computer)

• Integrated Circuit Design(CPU, other chips)

• Robotics


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Jobs (2)

Software Related (soul of computer)• System Analyst

• Software Development(desgn, code, test, deliver and maintain)

• Project Managament ( resource, budget, time management)

• Database Administraion (Design, Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore )

• Application Test & Support(Help Desk)

• Business Intelligence (DWH, OLAP, Query Tools, Datamining)

• System Admin ( Operating System Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore, Security )

• Operations Research


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Jobs(3)

Network related (Vessels)Network Administration

Other Jobs:Consultancy for some specific area (Network, Datawarehouse, DBMS, etc.)


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Others to be worked with:•Users(Anybody that uses computers in their daily work)(they need everthing !)

•Business Analysts (conflicts with IT personal)

•Operators

•Technicians(Network, PC)


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Management ? ( Müdür in Turkish)• Engineering or Management ? What do you prefer ?

• Both is not possible (My opinion)

• BS seems to be enogh to cope with engineering needs

• MS is good for academic life !

• MBA is good for management in finance


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IT & Business

BUSINESSBUSINESS

StrategyStrategy

RulesRules

ProceduresProcedures

ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM

HARDWAREHARDWARE

SOFTWARESOFTWARE DATABASEDATABASE

TELE-TELE-COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE


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INPUT

DEVICES

SECONDARY STORAGE

PRIMARY STORAGE

Hardware

CPU

OUTPUT DEVICES

COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES

BUSES


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Computer Generations

1. Vacuum tubes: 1946-1956

2. Transistors: 1957-1963

3. Integrated circuits: 1964-1979

4. Very large-scale integrated (vlsi) circuits: 1980- present


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SoftwareSoftware

HARDWAREHARDWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM:OPERATING SYSTEM:

SCHEDULED COMPUTER SCHEDULED COMPUTER EVENTS ALLOCATES EVENTS ALLOCATES COMPUTER RESOURCES COMPUTER RESOURCES MONITORS EVENTSMONITORS EVENTS

LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:

INTERPRETERSINTERPRETERSCOMPILERSCOMPILERS

UTILITY PROGRAMS:UTILITY PROGRAMS:

ROUTINE OPERATIONSROUTINE OPERATIONSMANAGE DATAMANAGE DATA

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++;

“FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES“FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES

SYSTEM SOFTWARESYSTEM SOFTWARE

APPLICATION SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWARE


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Operating System

Manages & Controls Activities• Allocation & assignment• Scheduling• Monitoring• System residence device: secondary storage

device storing operating system

*


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Database(DBMS)

Organization’s electronic library

Stores & manages data

In a convenient form


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Components Of DBMS:

• DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE(DDL):– Defines Data Elements in Database

• DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE(DML):– Manipulates Data for Applications

• DATA DICTIONARY:– Formal Definitions of all Variables in Database;

Controls Variety of Database Contents

*


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Structured Query Language (SQL)

• Emerging standard • Data manipulation language• For relational databases

*


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Advantages Of DBMS:

• Reduces complexity• Reduces data redundancy / inconsistency• Central control of data creation / definitions• Reduces program / data dependence• Reduces development / maintenance costs• Enhances system flexibility• Increases access / availability of information


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Database trends• DATA WAREHOUSE: Organization’s Electronic

Library Stores Consolidated Current & Historic Data for Management Reporting & Analysis

• DATA MART: small data warehouse for special function, e.g., focused marketing based on customer info


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Datawarehoue (DWH)• DWH vs Operatinal Data Store

• DWH is not a copy of ODS

• Transformed, Cleansed, historic, huge but easy to query data store


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Components Of Data Warehouse

INFORMATIONDIRECTORY

INTERNALDATASOURCES

EXTERNALDATASOURCES

OPERATIONAL,HISTORICAL DATA

DATA WAREHOUSE

EXTRACT,TRANSFORM

DATAACCESS &ANALYSIS

QUERIES &REPORTS

OLAP

DATA MINING


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Ware-housingEngines

Ware-housingEngines

Data ModelingOracle Data Mart Designer

Data Management

DataExtraction

Data Access & AnalysisQuery Tool &

Reporting

OLTPEnginesOLTP

Engines

OLTPDatabases

DWHDatabase

DBMS

SQL

Datawarehoue (DWH)


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Dataminig• Try to find something not known from data (by using patterns in data)

• Beer nearby snack, it is obvious !

• But, what about beer neraby baby napkin ?


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Data Mining Flow

Host Application

ProductionData

Predict

SourceData

SourceData

SourceData

SourceData

Decision Support

Mart

Transform

Clean

Model Predict

Evaluate

DeployExtract

Data Mining


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Business Intelligence Query Tools (Datawarehouse, OLAP, Datamining)• Easy to understand data model

• Esay to use GUI

• Fast Response

• Scheduling complex queries


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Business Intelligence Definitions

Knowledge discovery of hidden patterns and insights

“Insight and Prediction”

Who will buy a mutual fund in the next 6 months?

Extraction of detailed and summary data

“Information”

Who purchasedmutual funds in the last 3 years?

Summaries, trends and forecasts

“Analysis”

What is the income distribution of mutual fund buyers?

Query and Reporting OLAP Data Mining


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Telecommunications

Communicating information

Via electronic means

Over some distance


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Major Types of Information Systems

• Executive support systems (ESS)• Management information systems (MIS)• Decision support systems (DSS)• Knowledge work systems (KWS)• Office automation systems (OAS)• Transaction processing systems (TPS)

*


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Typical TPS Applications

• Scheduling; Purchasing; Shipping / Receiving; Engineering; Operations

• Materials Resource Planning Systems; Purchase Order Control Systems; Engineering Systems; Quality Control Systems


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Office Automation Systems (OAS)

• Toward a “Paperless” office• Redesign of work flow• Integrated software• Ergonomic design• Bright, cheerful work space

EXAMPLE: Presentation Graphics


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• Knowledge level• Inputs: design specs• Processing: modelling• Outputs: designs, graphics• Users: technical staff

EXAMPLE: Engineering Work Station

Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)


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• Structured & semi-structured decisions• Report control oriented• Past & present data• Internal orientation• Lengthy design process

Management Information Systems (MIS)


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• Management level• Inputs: low volume data• Processing: interactive• Outputs: decision analysis• Users: professionals, staff

EXAMPLE: Contract Cost Analysis

Decision Support Systems (DSS)


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Decision Support System(DSS)

TPSEXTERNAL

DATADSS DATA

BASE

DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEMMODELS

OLAP TOOLS

DATAMINING TOOLS

USERINTERFACE

USER


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• TPS: transaction processing system• MODEL: representation of a problem• OLAP: on-line analytical processing• USER INTERFACE: how user enters problem &

receives answers• DSS DATABASE: current data from applications

or groups

Decision Support System


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• DATA MINING: technology for finding relationships in large data bases for prediction

• DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEM: tools for data analysis

• SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: “what-if” questions about changes in model factors

Decision Support System


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• Strategic Level• Inputs: Aggregate Data• Processing: Interactive• Outputs: Projections• Users: Senior Managers

EXAMPLE: 5 Year Operating Plan

Executive Support Systems (ESS)


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Interrelationships Among Systems

ESS

TPSKWS

OAS

DSSMIS


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Conflicts Between Users and IT Person: • User requires something• IT understands it differently• The result is somehow hybrid of the understanding of the both sides• No one will be happy


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HOW USERS SEES THE PROBLEM

HOW IT PERSON SEES THE PROBLEM

ACTUALLY THERE IS NO ONE AND ONLY ONE ANSWER


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Users:

• Don’t underestimate them• Dont’t think you are smarter than them• Don’t think you are stronger than them• Listen them carefully• Otherrwise you will be a cat like in the following picture .....


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USER

IT STAFF


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Questions

&

Answers

Documents

Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University 1 / 45 “Computer Engineering” Yeditepe University April 19th, 2004 Mustafa