Convey Dangerous Goods By Roadhazcom-dgr.co.za/_webmoduledata/documents/DG_Driver... · saqa unit standard id no: 123259 unit standard title: convey dangerous goods by road learner

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HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd®

10 Reier Rd Postnet Suite 1550 Croydon Private Bag X1007 Kempton Park, 1422 Lyttelton, 0140

Tel: (Johan) 084 320 4555 / (Brendan) 084 810 6984

Fax: 086 595 1247 email: [email protected]

This training material is designed to meet the practical daily operational requirements of:

Drivers, Transport Operators, OHS Practitioners, Consignors, Consignees, Law Enforcement Officers, Qualified Persons for Loading and Offloading, Sales Representatives, Call-Centre

Operators, IMS First Responders, Vehicle Fitment Technicians, Commercial Vehicle Dealerships, Labour Recruitment Agencies, Signage Manufacturers and more...

This guide covers the relevant legislated requirements of the following:

United Nations UNECE ADR; South African National Road Traffic Act; National Road Traffic Regulations;

Occupational Health and Safety Act; SANS CODES: 10228, 10229, 1518, 1157, 10187, 10231, 10232, 10368; and some generic

Municipal Emergency Services By-Laws

SAQA UNIT STANDARD ID No:

123259

UNIT STANDARD TITLE:

CONVEY DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD

LEARNER ASSESSMENT GUIDE FOR THE PRESCRIBED LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTING LISTED DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD

NQF LEVEL:

3

CREDITS: 4

mailto:[email protected]

CONVEY DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD – SAQA US: 123259 – NQF: 3 – CREDITS: 4

P a g e 1 © Reserved to HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd® - JULY 2015 - Version 1.7

CONVEY DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD

ASSESSMENT OUTLINE AND CONTENT INDEX PART DESCRIPTION PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION TO DANGEROUS GOODS 6 2 THE NINE HAZARD CLASSES 11 3 PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS FOR DANGEROUS GOODS 22 4 REGULATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS WHEN CONVEYED ON PUBLIC ROADS 25

LOAD COMPATIBILITY CHART

33

5 PLACARDING OF VEHICLES CONVEYING DANGEROUS GOODS 43 6 PRESCRIBED DOCUMENTS FOR DANGEROUS GOODS CONVEYED ON PUBLIC ROADS 52 7 THE DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE PARTIES: THE CONSIGNOR 59 8 THE DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE PARTIES: THE QUALIFIED PERSON 63 9 THE DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE PARTIES: THE OPERATOR 66

10 THE DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE PARTIES: THE DRIVER 73

11 THE DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE PARTIES: THE CONSIGNEE 83

12 VEHICLE COMPLIANCE 86

13 FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRST AID 95

Acknowledgments

South African Bureau of Standards

National Department of Transport

South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA)

Transport Education Training Authority (TETA)



LEARNER INFORMATION

Name: ............................................................................................................... Address: ............................................................................................................... Name: ............................................................................................................... Postal Code: .................... Tel: (H).......................................................... (W) ....................................................... Fax: .......................................................... Cell: ..................................................... E – Mail: ..................................................@............................................

________________________________________________________________

How to use this Manual This manual belongs to you. It is designed to serve as a reference guide during your training assessment and as useful information for future use. It contains references, activities, and practical exercises and other aids and is designed to assist you in developing your personal knowledge and competencies specified in the Specific Outcomes and the Assessment Criteria of Unit Standard 123259

You may follow in the book as the assessor leads you through the training content. Make notes and comments that will help clarify or retain information. Write down ideas and questions you would like to ask the Assessor.

Participate actively in the assessment as this will give you an opportunity to learn from other people’s experiences and to practice new skills.

LOOK, LISTEN AND LEARN!!!

Each module will be preceded by outcomes and assessment criteria, as referenced in:

SAQA Unit Standard: 123259 – Convey Dangerous Goods By Road. Relevant South African National Standards (SANS)

National Road Traffic Act, 93 of 1996 National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000

Occupational Health and Safety Act, 85 of 1993

Outcomes describe what you must know, achieve and be able to do in order to be found competent.

Copyright Warning: This manual is subject to strict copyright and intellectual property laws in South Africa, and may not

be reproduced, re-distributed, re-sold, used for training purposes or any other unlawful act. This manual is “sold” to one user only (the learner) and is therefore only for his or her personal use after

training and assessment is completed. Any other use of this document may only occur with the written authorisation of the author / compiler and HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd



THIS TRAINING MANUAL AND RELATED MATERIAL WAS RESEARCHED,

DEVELOPED, DESIGNED, WRITTEN AND COMPILED FOR:

HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd (t/a Fire & Safety Dynamics CC) Lothlorien Industrial Park, 490 Tedstone Road, Wadeville, 1422

Tel: 084 810 6984 Fax: 0865 951 247 email: [email protected]

Website: http://bre5680.wix.com/hazcom-dgr

__________________________________________________________________

COPYRIGHT

Please Note: Copyright and Intellectual Property of HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd ®

© Copyright 2013 / 2014

All rights reserved to HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd. No part of this material may be-reproduced; duplicated; distributed; published, presented, shared, stored in any form of retrieval system; transmitted; used in any form or used by any means, albeit electronic, mechanical, photo-copied, recorded or any similar means; without the express written permission of HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd.

This manual was researched, written, compiled and revised by: Brendan Adams (Assessor) TETA-ASSR08-1470

Tel: (+27) 084 810 6984 office hrs [email protected]

HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd has sole copyright of this training material. Please be aware that all the

methods and processes used for delivering this information and all supporting documentation remain the sole intellectual property of HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd.

DISCLAIMER

Whilst every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy, efficacy, relevance and completeness of this guide, HAZCOM-DGR (Pty) Ltd, its employees, agents, assessors, facilitators, representatives, contractors, associates and/or shareholders shall not be held liable in any way whatsoever for any financial loss, damage to property, or injury to any persons or animals, nor for any charge of criminal or civil liability brought against any learner, person, organisation, company or institution as a direct, or indirect result of any act, deed, misinterpretation, incorrect application, error or omission that may occur, either during or after completion of any training, outcomes-based assessment, learning process or on-the-job training, where any use is made of- or the wrongful implementation of- information contained in this manual and/or any other related training aids or presentation methods used, occurs or is committed by any such party. It remains the responsibility of every South African Citizen, and any visitor to South Africa, to keep abreast of changes in legislation, standards, by-laws or any other relevant legislation.

Remember... “Ignorance of the Law is not an excuse”


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ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW

Note that this training assessment forms part of several National Qualifications as per Page 10:

e.g. NATIONAL CERTIFICATE: PROFESSIONAL DRIVING – ID: 50285

SAQA UNIT STANDARD (US: 123259) “CONVEY DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD”

NQF LEVEL: 3 CREDITS: 4

(This replaces Unit Standard 10230, "Convey Dangerous Goods by Road", NQF Level 4, 8 Credits)

The purpose of learning is to ensure safe loading, conveying and off-loading of Dangerous Goods according to legal and organisational requirements. Credited learners can convey Dangerous Goods in accordance with legal, safety, manufacturer and other relevant requirements and handle incidents safely when they occur.

CREDITED LEARNERS ARE CAPABLE OF:

Complying with relevant legal documentation requirements.

Applying safety and standard operating procedures during loading and off-loading. Applying safety procedures in the event of an incident. Complying with the requirements of SANS 10231 in terms of behaviour en-route.

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING

NQF Level 2 Mathematical Literacy and Communication competence

UNIT STANDARD RANGE

The learner should prove competence relevant for all nine classes of substances.

HOW YOU WILL LEARN

The training methodology includes facilitator-led presentations, reading of notes, individual and group

activities, group discussions, video segments, examples and skills-application exercises.

By knowing what you want to get out of this training course from the start and by applying your new skills immediately, you will contribute immensely to making the experience both interactive and stimulating for all

participants in the group.

How will you be assessed?

You will be assessed against the Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria of SAQA Unit Standard 123259 – Convey Dangerous Goods By Road, by completing a Model Answer Questionnaire

(Summative Assessment) and/or Portfolio of Evidence (Formative Assessment) at the end of training. These will provide evidence of your competencies and your ability to apply your knowledge applicable to loading, conveying and off-loading of vehicles transporting Dangerous Goods. When you are judged as

competent against the unit standard you will also be awarded 4 credits towards various other related Qualifications

Learning Duration

This training assessment requires 40 notional hours to complete, comprising 8 Hours of theoretical

training, practical evaluation and assessment in a “classroom” and the additional 32 notional hours of on-the-job skills application.

A further competency assessment by virtue of a 32-notional-hour Portfolio of Evidence

may be required in some cases.



THE LEARNERS’ EXPECTATIONS

You will achieve maximum results from this training course if you take the time to think about what you want to take away with you from the whole learning experience.

Write down some of the things you would like to learn from this course and make a point to address them in your group or with the facilitator as you progress

Note that many questions you have when you arrive will most likely be answered as the training and

assessment progress through the day.

Write down all relevant, yet unanswered questions and ask your assessor through the course of the day or at the end of the course / assessment



PART ONE

INTRODUCTION TO DANGEROUS GOODS

WHAT ARE DANGEROUS GOODS? HOW ARE DANGEROUS GOODS IDENTIFIED & CLASSIFIED?

WHAT IS A “UN NUMBER”?

WHAT IS MEANT BY “PACKING GROUPS”?

WHAT IS A “PROPER SHIPPING NAME”?

WHAT IS A “HAZARD CLASS”?



1.1. WHAT ARE “DANGEROUS GOODS”?

Dangerous Goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical regulations. Definition: “goods capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, property or environment during transport”

NOTE: For the purposes of this standard, "dangerous commodities", "Dangerous Goods" and "dangerous

substances" are synonymous (mean the same thing).” In South Africa, we often refer to Dangerous Goods as Hazardous Chemical Substances (HCS). The terms “Hazardous Chemicals”, “HazChem”, and “HazMat” are also used daily by transporters, fire-fighters and others. UN “HazMat” Diamond “CHIP” Regulations Label GHS Label Locally, Dangerous Goods are often identified by diamond-shaped labels on the item, its container, and/or the building where it is stored. The colour of each diamond has reference to its hazard:

Flammable = Red [because fire and heat are generally of red colour] Explosive = orange, [because mixing red (flammable) with yellow (oxidizer) creates orange]

Non-flammable, Non-toxic Gas = green [due to all compressed air vessels being this colour in France after 1945]

The “diamond” system of HazMat (Dangerous Goods) identification actually originated in France.

In South Africa, transportation of hazardous materials is regulated by the National Road Traffic Act, as well as many other Acts, National Standards and Municipal By-Laws.

1.2. NATIONAL ROAD TRAFFIC ACT, 93 OF 1996

CHAPTER VIII

Dangerous Goods

Transportation of certain Dangerous Goods prohibited Section 54. No person must, except as prescribed, offer for transportation in a vehicle, or transport in a vehicle, or

accept after transportation in, on or by a vehicle, any prescribed Dangerous Goods. COMMENT: “Prescribed” means that prescription and requirements of the Act, National Standards and By-Laws

have been applied to goods intended for transport by road and such goods fit the entire definition of “Dangerous Goods”

Definition of Dangerous Goods (NRTA Section 1) "Dangerous Goods" means the commodities, substances and goods listed in the standard specification of the South African Bureau of Standards SABS 0228 "The identification and classification of dangerous substances and goods"

NOTE: SABS 0228 was replaced by SANS 10228, current edition dated 2012



1.3 HOW ARE DANGEROUS GOODS IDENTIFIED? According to SANS 10231: 2014, Consignors have a duty to correctly classify (identify) goods in accordance with SANS 10228: 2012. Definition of "Consignor" (SANS 10231: 2014): “person who offers Dangerous Goods for transport in a vehicle referred to in relevant national legislation” The Scope of SANS 10228: 2012 This standard covers the identification of Dangerous Goods that are capable of posing a significant risk to health and safety or to property and the environment. Dangerous Goods are classified in nine classes and three packing groups in accordance with the United Nations’ Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. The nine classes relate to the type of hazard whereas the three packing groups relate to the degree of danger posed within the class. This standard applies to road and rail modes of transport.

1.4 HOW ARE DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFIED? Dangerous Goods are classified by verifying whether the following information applies to a substance: 1. UN Number 2. Proper Shipping Name 3. Hazard Class 4. Subsidiary Risk Class 5. Packing Group

1.4.1. UN NUMBER Definition (SANS 10228: 2012) “serial number that consists of four digits and that is assigned to Dangerous Goods by the United Nations' Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods” UN numbers or UN IDs are four-digit numbers that identify hazardous substances, and articles (such as explosives, flammable liquids, toxic substances, etc.) in the framework of international transport. Some hazardous substances have their own UN numbers (e.g. Acrylamide has UN 2074), while sometimes groups of chemicals or products with similar properties receive a common UN number (e.g. flammable liquids, not otherwise specified, have UN 1993). A chemical in its solid state may receive a different UN number than the liquid phase if their hazardous properties differ significantly; substances with different levels of purity (or concentration in solution) may also receive different UN numbers.

UN numbers range from UN 0001 to about UN 3506 and are assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. They are published as part of their Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, also known internationally as the Orange Book. These recommendations are adopted by the regulatory organization responsible for the different modes of transport.



1.4.2. PROPER SHIPPING NAME Definition: Description used for Dangerous Goods in transport documentation, in the marking of packages, and in the placarding of containers and vehicles to ensure that goods can be readily identified during transport NOTE 1 In the case of spillage and leakage, the proper shipping name is instrumental in determining what

response actions, emergency equipment or antidotes, are necessary.

NOTE 2 The proper shipping name is shown in capital letters in B.2 and in annex C. NOTE 3 If more than one distinct entry is given under a single United Nations (UN) number, as indicated by

the conjunction "or" or by punctuation, the more appropriate of the names is to be used. NOTE 4 If several names are in use for the same substance, one or more of these names can be used as the

proper shipping name; the rest, being synonyms, are given in lower case for reference purposes only. NOTE 5 Technical names and trade names can be used on documents and packages in addition to the proper

shipping name.

1.4.3. HAZARD CLASS Definition: “Dangerous Goods are classified (placed in a Class or Division) according to their Primary Danger or Risk and are assigned standardised warning symbols/labels to identify the relevant class”

1.4.4. SUBSIDIARY RISK CLASS Definition: “A class assigned to a substance with more than one danger or risk, where the secondary (subsidiary) danger/s is/are significant enough to warrant further recognition of the additional hazard/s” Where applicable, the subsidiary danger risk of a substance is also identified in terms of the classification system found in SANS 10228, 10229 and 10231. Subsidiary Risks are usually indicated on placards by the addition of a smaller diamond above the Primary Hazard Class Diamond.

In the example above, the Primary Hazard = Class 3 (Flammable Liquid) and the Subsidiary Risk Diamond on the right = Class 6.2 (Toxic Substance). In other words, this is a Flammable, Toxic Substance.

On Packaging, substances with subsidiary risks will be labelled with the primary hazard class diamond first, followed by a second (and even a third, if applicable), usually on the right or below the primary hazard class diamond.



1.4.5. PACKING GROUP Definition: “group symbol that indicates the degree of danger/hazard of the primary property of a specific substance” Dangerous Goods of some Classes are further divided into Packing Groups according to the degree of danger they present, as follows:

PG I - Packing Group I Extreme / Great Danger PG II - Packing Group II Medium/Moderate Danger PG III - Packing Group III Minor/Mild Danger

This is a “Mildly Flammable” Class 4.1 Substance (firelighters) ‘Packing Group’ (referred to as ‘Packaging Group’ in earlier editions of Regulations and Codes) does not apply to those Classes/Divisions of Dangerous Good against which ‘Not applicable’ appears in the table below. The following Class/Packing Groups may be encountered:

Class / Division Name of Class / Division Packing Groups 1 Explosives n/a 2 Gases n/a 3 Flammable Liquids I, II or III 4 Flammable Solids I, II or III

5.1 Oxidizers I, II or III 5.2 Organic Peroxides I or II 6.1 Toxic Substances I, II or III 6.2 Infectious Substances n/a 7 Radioactive Substances n/a 8 Corrosives I, II or III 9 Miscellaneous Hazards II or III

NOTE 1: Where Packing Group is “n/a” (not applicable), then that Class is treated as PG I (Extreme

Danger) for purposes of transport, storage, packaging, labelling and handling.

e.g. Gases are all under extreme pressure, aside from their Primary Hazard. Therefore all compressed gases are treated as if they were Packing Group (PG) I.

NOTE 2. Radioactive (Class 7) Substances are labelled according to “emission” levels, where the levels

work the OPPOSITE of Packing Groups.

Level I: Level II: Level III Low Emission Medium Emission High Emission

Almost no radiation Low radiation levels Higher radiation levels



PART TWO

HAZARD CLASSES

THE NINE HAZARD CLASSES

THE FIFTEEN HAZARD CLASS DIAMONDS



2.1.

THE NINE DANGEROUS GOODS “HAZARD” CLASSES

The transportation of Dangerous Goods is controlled and governed by a variety of different regulatory regimes, operating at both the national and international levels. Prominent regulatory frameworks for the transportation of Dangerous Goods include the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, ICAO’s Technical Instructions, IATA’s Dangerous Goods Regulations and the IMO’s International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. Collectively, these regulatory regimes mandate the means by which Dangerous Goods are to be handled, packaged, labelled and transported. Classification of Dangerous Goods is broken down into nine classes according to the primary danger materials or items present during storage, handling or transport, and a total of fifteen CLASS diamonds or labels are utilised as follows:

CLASS 1 – EXPLOSIVES Explosives are materials or items which have the ability to rapidly conflagrate or detonate as a consequence of chemical reaction. Sub-Divisions / Classes Division 1.1: Substances and articles which have a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2: Substances and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard Division 1.3: Substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor

projection hazard or both Division 1.4: Substances and articles which present no significant hazard; only a small hazard in the event of

ignition or initiation during transport with any effects largely confined to the package Division 1.5: Very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard Division 1.6: Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard Reason for Regulation Explosives are capable by chemical reaction of producing gases at temperatures, pressures and speeds as to cause catastrophic damage through force and/or of producing otherwise hazardous amounts of heat, light, sound, gas or smoke. Commonly Transported Explosives

1. Ammunition/cartridges 2. Fireworks/pyrotechnics 3. Flares 4. Blasting caps / detonators 5. Fuse 6. Primers 7. Explosive charges (blasting, demolition etc) 8. Detonating cord 9. Air bag inflators 10. Igniters 11. Rockets 12. TNT / TNT compositions 13. RDX / RDX compositions 14. PETN / PETN compositions



CLASS 2 – GASES Gases are defined by Dangerous Goods regulations as substances which have a vapour pressure of 300 kPa or greater at 50°c or which are completely gaseous at 20°c at standard atmospheric pressure, and items containing these substances. The class encompasses compressed gases, liquefied gases, dissolved gases, refrigerated liquefied gases, mixtures of one or more gases with one or more vapours of substances of other classes, articles charged with a gas and aerosols. Sub-Divisions / Classes 2.1: Flammable gases 2.2: Non-flammable, Non-toxic gases 2.3: Toxic gases Reason for Regulation Gases are capable of posing serious hazards due to their flammability, potential as asphyxiants, ability to oxidize and/or their toxicity or corrosiveness to humans. Commonly Transported Gases

1. Aerosols 2. Compressed air 3. Hydrocarbon gas-powered devices 4. Fire extinguishers 5. Gas cartridges 6. Fertilizer ammoniating solution 7. Insecticide gases 8. Refrigerant gases 9. Lighters 10. Acetylene / Oxyacetylene 11. Carbon dioxide 12. Helium / helium compounds 13. Hydrogen / hydrogen compounds 14. Oxygen / oxygen compounds 15. Nitrogen / nitrogen compounds 16. Natural gas 17. Oil gas 18. Petroleum gases 19. Butane 20. Propane 21. Ethane 22. Methane 23. Dimethyl ether 24. Propene / propylene 25. Ethylene Oxide



CLASS 3 – FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Flammable liquids are defined by Dangerous Goods regulations as liquids, mixtures of liquids or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension which give off a flammable vapour (have a flash point) at temperatures of not more than 60-65°C, liquids offered for transport at temperatures at or above their flash point or substances transported at elevated temperatures in a liquid state and which give off a flammable vapour at a temperature at or below the maximum transport temperature. Sub-Divisions / Classes There are no subdivisions within Class 3, Flammable Liquids. Reason for Regulation Flammable liquids are capable of posing serious hazards due to their volatility, combustibility and potential in causing or propagating severe conflagrations. Commonly Transported Flammable Liquids

1. Acetone / acetone oils 2. Adhesives 3. Paints / lacquers / varnishes 4. Alcohols 5. Perfumery products 6. Gasoline / Petrol 7. Diesel fuel 8. Aviation fuel 9. Liquid bio-fuels 10. Coal tar / coal tar distillates 11. Petroleum crude oil 12. Petroleum distillates 13. Gas oil 14. Shale oil 15. Heating oil 16. Kerosene 17. Resins 18. Tars 19. Turpentine 20. Carbamate insecticides 21. Organochlorine pesticides 22. Organophosphorus pesticides 23. Copper based pesticides 24. Esters 25. Ethers 26. Ethanol 27. Benzene 28. Butanols 29. Dichloropropenes 30. Diethyl ether 31. Isobutanols 32. Isopropyls 33. Methanol 34. Octanes



CLASS 4 – FLAMMABLE SOLIDS Flammable solids are materials which, under conditions encountered in transport, are readily combustible or may cause or contribute to fire through friction, self-reactive substances which are liable to undergo a strongly exothermic reaction or solid desensitized explosives. Also included are substances which are liable to spontaneous heating under normal transport conditions, or to heating up in contact with air, and are consequently liable to catch fire and substances which emit flammable gases or become spontaneously flammable when in contact with water.

Sub-Divisions / Classes

4.1: Flammable solids 4.2: Spontaneously Combustible Class 4.3: Dangerous When Wet

Reason for Regulation Flammable solids are capable of posing serious hazards due to their volatility, combustibility and potential in causing or propagating severe conflagrations. Commonly Transported Flammable Solids; Spontaneous Combustibles; ‘Dangerous When Wet’ Materials

1. Alkali metals 2. Metal powders 3. Aluminium phosphide 4. Sodium batteries 5. Sodium cells 6. Firelighters 7. Matches 8. Calcium carbide 9. Camphor 10. Carbon 11. Activated carbon 12. Celluloid 13. Cerium 14. Copra 15. Seed cake 16. Oily cotton waste 17. Desensitized explosives 18. Oily fabrics 19. Oily fibres 20. Ferrocerium 21. Iron sponge/direct-reduced iron (spent) 22. Metaldehyde 23. Naphthalene 24. Nitrocellulose 25. Phosphorus 26. Sulphur



CLASS 5 – OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES and ORGANIC PEROXIDES Oxidizers are defined by Dangerous Goods regulations as substances which may cause or contribute to combustion, generally by yielding oxygen as a result of a redox chemical reaction. Organic peroxides are substances which may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide where one or both hydrogen atoms of the chemical structure have been replaced by organic radicals. Sub-Divisions / Classes

Class 5.1: Oxidizing substances Class 5.2: Organic peroxides Reason for Regulation Oxidizers, although not necessarily combustible in themselves, can yield oxygen and in so doing cause or contribute to the combustion of other materials. Organic peroxides are thermally unstable and may exude heat whilst undergoing exothermic autocatalytic decomposition. Additionally, organic peroxides may be liable to explosive decomposition, burn rapidly, be sensitive to impact or friction, react dangerously with other substances or cause damage to eyes. Commonly Transported Oxidizers; Organic Peroxides

1. Chemical oxygen generators 2. Ammonium nitrate fertilizers 3. Chlorates 4. Nitrates 5. Nitrites 6. Perchlorates 7. Permanganates 8. Persulphates 9. Aluminium nitrate 10. Ammonium dichromate 11. Ammonium nitrate 12. Ammonium persulphate 13. Calcium hypochlorite 14. Calcium nitrate 15. Calcium peroxide 16. Hydrogen peroxide 17. Magnesium peroxide 18. Potassium chlorate 19. Potassium nitrate 20. Potassium chlorate 21. Potassium permanganate 22. Sodium nitrate 23. Sodium persulphate



CLASS 6 – TOXIC SUBSTANCES and INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES Toxic substances are those which are liable either to cause death or serious injury or to harm human health if swallowed, inhaled or by skin contact. Infectious substances are those which are known or can be reasonably expected to contain pathogens. Dangerous Goods regulations define pathogens as microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, parasites and fungi, or other agents which can cause disease in humans or animals.

Sub-Divisions / Classes

6.1: Toxic substances 6.2: Infectious substances Reason for Regulation Toxic and infectious substances can pose significant risks to human and animal health upon contact. Commonly Transported Toxic Substances; Infectious Substances

1. Medical/Biomedical waste 2. Clinical waste 3. Biological cultures / samples / specimens 4. Medical cultures / samples / specimens 5. Motor fuel anti-knock mixture 6. Dyes 7. Carbamate pesticides 8. Alkaloids 9. Allyls 10. Acids 11. Arsenates 12. Arsenites 13. Cyanides 14. Thiols/mercaptans 15. Cresols 16. Barium compounds 17. Arsenics / arsenic compounds 18. Beryllium/ beryllium compounds 19. Lead compounds 20. Mercury compounds 21. Nicotine / nicotine compounds 22. Selenium compounds 23. Ammonium metavanadate 24. Adiponitrile 25. Chloroform 26. Dichloromethane 27. Hexachlorophene 28. Phenol



CLASS 7 – RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES Dangerous Goods regulations define radioactive material as any material containing radio-nuclides where both the activity concentration and the total activity exceeds certain pre-defined values. A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus and which consequently is subject to radioactive decay. Sub-Divisions There are no subdivisions within Class 7, Radioactive Material. Reason for Regulation Whilst undergoing radioactive decay, radio-nuclides emit ionizing radiation which presents potentially severe risks to human health. Commonly Transported Radioactive Material

1. Radioactive ores 2. Medical isotopes 3. Yellowcake 4. Density gauges 5. Mixed fission products 6. Surface contaminated objects 7. Caesium radionuclides / isotopes 8. Iridium radionuclides / isotopes 9. Americium radionuclides / isotopes 10. Plutonium radionuclides / isotopes 11. Radium radionuclides / isotopes 12. Thorium radionuclides / isotopes 13. Uranium radionuclides / isotopes 14. Depleted uranium / depleted uranium products 15. Uranium hexafluoride 16. Enriched Uranium



CLASS 8 – CORROSIVES Corrosives are substances which by chemical action degrade or disintegrate other materials upon contact. Sub-Divisions There are no subdivisions within Class 8, Corrosives, but both ACIDS (8A) and BASES (B) [aka ALKALINES] fall under the same Class Reason for Regulation Corrosives cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue or, in the case of leakage, damage or destroy surrounding materials. Commonly Transported Corrosives

1. Acids/acid solutions 2. Batteries 3. Battery fluid 4. Fuel cell cartridges 5. Dyes 6. Fire extinguisher charges 7. Formaldehyde 8. Flux 9. Paints 10. Alkylphenols 11. Amines 12. Polyamines 13. Sulphides 14. Polysulphides 15. Chlorides 16. Chlorosilanes 17. Bromine 18. Cyclohexylamine 19. Phenol / carbolic acid 20. Hydrofluoric acid 21. Hydrochloric acid 22. Sulphuric acid 23. Nitric acid 24. Sludge acid 25. Hydrogen fluoride 26. Iodine 27. Morpholine



CLASS 9 – MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods are substances and articles which during transport present a danger or hazard not covered by other classes. This class encompasses, but is not limited to, environmentally hazardous substances, substances that are transported at elevated temperatures, miscellaneous articles and substances, genetically modified organisms and micro-organisms and (depending on the method of transport) magnetized materials and aviation regulated substances. Sub-Divisions There are no subdivisions within Class 9, Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods. Reason for Regulation Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods present a wide array of potential hazards to human health and safety, infrastructure and/ or their means of transport. Commonly Transported Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

1. Dry ice / smoke ice / solid carbon dioxide 2. Expandable polymeric beads / polystyrene beads 3. Asbestos 4. Lithium ion batteries 5. Lithium metal batteries 6. Fuel cell engines 7. Internal combustion engines 8. Vehicles 9. Magnetized material 10. Dangerous Goods in apparatus 11. Dangerous Goods in machinery 12. Chemical kits 13. First aid kits 14. Life saving appliances 15. Air bag modules 16. Seatbelt pre-tensioners 17. Plastics moulding compound 18. Castor bean plant products 19. Polychlorinated biphenyls 20. Polychlorinated terphenyls 21. Dibromodifluoromethane 22. Benzaldehyde 23. Hot Aluminium 24. Hot Bitumen 25. Environmentally Hazardous substances

CASTOR BEANS ASBESTOS



SUMMARY OF THE 9 HAZARD CLASSES OF DANGEROUS GOODS Nine hazard classes are identified within the UN UNECE system and used to classify Dangerous Goods. This system classifies Dangerous Goods according to their primary hazard and assigns international warning labels to identify the various classes. Colours and Symbols assist in making identification easier. The nine hazard classes are listed below:

Class Class Name Label Class Class Name Label

1

EXPLOSIVE

5.1 OXIDIZER

2.1 FLAMMABLE GAS

5.2

ORGANIC PEROXIDE

2.2

NON-FLAMMABLE,

NON-TOXIC GAS

6.1

TOXIC

2.3

TOXIC GAS

6.2

INFECTIOUS

3

FLAMMABLE LIQUID

7 RADIOACTIVE

4.1

FLAMMABLE SOLID

8 CORROSIVE

4.2

SPONTANEOUSLY

COMBUSTIBLE

9

MISCELLANEOUS

4.3 DANGEROUS WHEN

WET

MIXED LOAD

MIXED LOAD

DIAMOND



PART THREE

PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS FOR DANGEROUS GOODS

WHICH LAWS REGULATE PACKAGING OF DANGEROUS GOODS?

WHAT INFORMATION MUST BE DISPLAYED ON PACKAGING?

HOW DO I KNOW IF PACKAGING IS APPROVED?



3.1.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT Before Dangerous Goods are transported by any mode (road, rail, air or sea), they obviously originate from a registered workplace, or are handled, used or stored in registered workplaces somewhere in the RSA. All employees are protected by various Sections and Regulations in the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 85 of 1993, and it is a criminal offence when Employers contravene or fail to apply the requirements of this Act. It is the Duty of every Employer to:

Provide a safe workplace for all employees, visitors or persons who may be negatively affected by the activities of that workplace.

Inform employees of the hazards and risks associated with the work they are expected to perform on behalf of that Employer

Effectively, this means that Employers must assess all risks and hazards in a workplace, including the dangers associated with Hazardous Substances (Dangerous Goods). This is often overlooked in workplaces due to a lack of knowledge or due to certain Employers avoiding the financial implications associated with storage, handling and transport of hazardous substances. It is often a case of “Reactive” management rather than “Pro-Active” management of workplace hazards, and Employers often only realise the legal implications once it is too late. Aside from the criminal and civil liability of not managing Dangerous Goods effectively in workplaces, there is also the strong possibility of Insurance Companies not paying out claims for loss or damage suffered from incidents such as fires or damage to property or loss of stock. Whilst larger corporations may be able to absorb the financial losses, many small to medium enterprises may end up shutting their doors due to financial reasons if they are not compensated by their respective insurers. It is better to implement safety BEFORE people or the environment are negatively affected, and devastating financial losses are suffered by companies. REGULATION 14 – HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REGULATIONS (OHS ACT) 14. Labelling, packaging, transportation and storage An employer must, in order to avoid the spread of contamination of an HCS, take steps, as far as is reasonably practicable, to ensure: a. that the HCS in storage or distributed are property identified, classified and handled in accordance with SABS

072 and SABS 0228; (now referred to as SANS 1072 and SANS 10228) Comment: Sub-Regulation a) makes it a legal requirement for all Employers to identify and classify hazardous

chemical substances by using the National Standards that apply to transport of Dangerous Goods, as well as ensuring that these substances are handled correctly by employees.

b. that a container or a vehicle in which an HCS is transported is clearly identified, classified and packed in accordance with SABS 0228 and SABS 0229 (now SANS 10228 and SANS 10229); and Comment: Sub-Regulation b) makes it a legal requirement for Employers to ensure that containers and vehicles are properly labelled and packaged according to the UN Packaging Codes in SANS 10229. c. that any container into which an HCS is decanted, is clearly labelled with regard to the contents thereof. Comment: When hazardous chemicals are decanted from their original containers, the new containers must also

be UN-approved and labelled accordingly, to correspond with the labelling of the original containers. 16. Offences and Penalties Fine or imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months and, in the case of a continuous offence, to an additional fine of R200 for each day on which the offence continues or additional imprisonment of one day for each day on which the offence continuous: Provided that the period of such additional imprisonment must in no case exceed 90 days.



3.2.

NATIONAL ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATIONS (NRTR) & SANS 10229-1: 2010 The National Road Traffic Regulations incorporate various standards under Regulation 273A. Included in the list of standards is SANS 10229-1: 2010 – Transport of Dangerous Goods – Packaging and large packaging for transport by road or rail. The fact that the NRTR incorporate this standard means that the requirements in the Standard are enforceable through the NRTR by all appointed traffic officers, metro police officers and other Peace Officers (such as Inspectors of the Department of Transport and the SAPS). Introduction Imported Dangerous Goods that arrive by air and that are packed in accordance with the ICAO Technical instructions for the safe transport of Dangerous Goods by air or the IATA Dangerous Goods regulations, or that arrive by sea and are packed in accordance with the IMDG code of the IMO, are acceptable for inland transport by road or rail. Likewise, dangerous substances and goods that are packed in accordance with the requirements of this standard should in most instances be acceptable for export by air or by sea. However, exporters are reminded that limitations with regard to mass or specific goods (commodities) might differ in the case of other modes of transport and that the requirements of the relevant standard then have to be observed. Legal Requirements All Dangerous Goods transported by road (or found in any registered workplace) must be packaged in UN-approved (SABS approved) packaging. Each outer packaging approved in terms of SANS 10229-1 must bear the following compliance markings: a) The United Nations packaging symbol: b) The relevant packaging type codes given in clause 9.



PART FOUR

REGULATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS WHEN CONVEYED ON

PUBLIC ROADS

WHAT ARE THE STEPS REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY LOADS CORRECTLY?

WHAT IS “EXEMPT QUANTITY” AND HOW IS IT APPLIED TO LOADS?

WHAT IS A SINGLE LOAD OF DANGEROUS GOODS? WHAT IS A MIXED LOAD OF DANGEROUS GOODS? HOW ARE MIXED LOADS CALCULATED? WHEN ARE DANGEROUS GOODS REGULATED BY LAW? WHEN MUST DANGEROUS GOODS VEHICLES DISPLAY SIGNAGE? WHEN MUST A DANGEROUS GOODS VEHICLE NOT DISPLAY SIGNAGE?



4.1.

WHAT ARE THE STEPS REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY LOADS CORRECTLY? Any person or company (legal person) that wishes to transport ANY goods by vehicle on a public road in South Africa must identify the load correctly. The question that every person should ask before loading any goods is:

“....ARE THE GOODS “DANGEROUS”...OR NOT?” In order to adequately answer the question above, one must now go look for information that will identify goods as either “Dangerous Goods” or “Normal Goods”. It is crucial that people pay serious attention to details, otherwise the incorrect identification of goods will result in a series of criminal offences being committed by all persons involved in the movement of the goods, and will also place workers, drivers, members of the public, fellow road-users, emergency services personnel and the environment at risk of injury, death, damage to property or negative environmental impact.

4.1.1. THE STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED TO CORRECTLY IDENTIFY AND CLASSIFY GOODS The following steps should be followed by persons intending to load any goods onto any road vehicle, irrespective of the vehicle type or description -

STEP ONE (ALL LOADS) Do the goods (substance, article, object) have the following allocated to them? a. UN Number b. Proper Shipping Name c. Hazard Class d. Subsidiary Risk Class e. Packing Group (if applicable)

A. WHERE MUST ONE LOOK FOR THE UN INFORMATION? i. On the outer or inner package (if correctly labelled, which is not always the case), ii. In Section 14 of a properly compiled MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), iii. Previous transport documentation acquired when goods were originally received, iv. By contacting the supplier, manufacturer, importer or custodian or distributor telephonically, v. By searching on the internet (Google or Yahoo) or manufacturer’s websites. COMMENT: Since there is still a large amount of confusion and a general lack of knowledge regarding Dangerous

Goods, it is wise to make use of several options until one is 100% sure that substances or goods are not listed or identified by the UN-UNECE as “Dangerous Goods”

If the answer is “No”, then the goods are probably not regulated, period. In such a case, an MSDS will usually state “not regulated for road transport” or similar references. If this is indeed the case, then one can proceed to ship the goods as “Normal Goods”, without any further legal liability. However, remember that the “slogan” that applies in each case of goods identification is to:

“MAKE 100% SURE”

If, however, the answer is “YES”, then the whole picture changes. The goods have obviously been identified by the UN number and are subsequently listed in SANS 10228: 2012 in South Africa by the SABS in order for the government to enforce the South African regulations locally. The UN codes are only guidelines and are therefore not admissible as evidence in South African Courts when prosecuting offenders.



B. PACKAGING LABELS If a package is labelled properly in accordance with SANS 10229-1: 2010 the task of identification is made easy (as it should be). Below is an example of a properly labelled package of Dangerous Goods, which is packaged in UN-approved packaging (SANS 10229-1):

C. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – SECTION 14 (TRANSPORT INFORMATION) Regulation 9A of the Hazardous Chemical Substance Regulations in the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 85 of 1993, reads as follows:

9A. Handling of hazardous chemical substances 1) Subject to section 10(3) of the Act, every person who manufactures, imports, sells or supplies any

hazardous chemical substance for use at work, must, as far as is reasonably practicable, provide the person receiving such substance, free of charge, with a material safety data sheet in the form of Annexure 1, containing all the information as contemplated in either ISO 1 1014 or ANSIZ400.1.1993

Section 14 of a properly constituted MSDS refers specifically to “Transport Information: which is of great value to transporters of goods for purposes of identification. See the example below of a substance that is very definitely “Dangerous Goods” and note what information is furnished in this regard:

PROPER SHIPPING NAME

HAZARD CLASS DIAMOND

(Primary Hazard)

HAZARD CLASS NUMBER/S

PACKING GROUP (PG)

UN PACKAGING CODE GROUP

UN NUMBER

SUBSIDIARY RISK DIAMOND

(Secondary Hazard, if any)



Once one has acquired the information in STEP ONE and have identified the UN Number, Proper Shipping Name, Class and Packing Group (I, II or III, if applicable), then the next important step is to establish the quantity of Dangerous Goods that must be loaded. This takes us to Step Two. NOTE: It is often the case that more than one (>1) UN number is identified in a consignment of goods that

one wishes to load on a goods vehicle.

One UN Number is referred to as a potential “SINGLE LOAD” and

More than one UN Number is referred to as a potential “MIXED LOAD”

The word “potential” is used since we have not yet met all the criteria required to establish whether the goods, even though “Dangerous” are Regulated when transported, or not.

Potential Mixed Loads will be dealt with separately after “SINGLE LOADS” in the consecutive pages.

STEP TWO “SINGLE LOAD”

For now, imagine that a person has identified only one UN numbered product or substance. For example, a person has identified a consignment of Sulphuric Acid (Battery Acid) with the following UN identity allocated to the goods:

UN no: 1830 Proper Shipping Name: Sulphuric Acid

Class: 8 Packing Group: II Now it is important to establish “HOW MUCH” Sulphuric Acid is going to be transported. Quantity is measured in the following ways:

LIQUIDS: litres

SOLIDS Kilograms

It is important to remember that when one is establishing “LITRES” , the rule to follow is to establish the “VOLUME” of the container in which the liquid is packaged, and NOT the actual quantity of liquid in the container. The reason for establishing “VOLUME” is simple: Liquids evaporate and emit either fumes, vapour or gas into the space above the level of the liquid, and thus form part of the “Hazard”. This space is referred to as “ULLAGE”. Definition 1 (SANS 10229-1): “Ullage” means the difference between the brimful capacity and the Nett volume of the contents of a container Definition 2 (SANS 10231): the volumetric space contained between the top of the product level and the roof of the tanker, pressurized vessel, gas cylinder, bottle, drum or container. Allows for the expansion of liquid when temperature of liquid increases. Liquid cannot be compressed, but the air above the liquid can be compressed substantially to make room for the liquid.

Definition “single load” Dangerous Goods cargo that comprises either a single substance or goods that have the same UN number



The full (brimful) “water capacity” in litres of containers such as drums, flow-bins, tanks and cylinders should be applied to the measurement of “VOLUME”. Also take note of the fact that even seemingly empty containers (e.g. drums) are actually “NOTIONALLY EMPTY”. This means that one must treat notionally empty containers as if they were full (apply the Volume Rule). Definition: “Notionally Empty” means empty but not clean, or not certified clean. Definition: “Nominally Empty” means previously certified packaging from which the contents have been removed as far as possible, by means of practices commonly employed to remove materials from that type of container, and a certificate has been issued by a competent person. This means that until such time as a container (e.g. drums, gas cylinders, tanker trucks, etc.) is cleaned with a suitable detergent and water, the tank or container must be treated as “full” due to the presence of “residual vapour” or fumes. In many instances, notionally-empty containers are far more likely to explode in a fire situation since they do not have liquid within to absorb heat away from the surface of the container. Very quickly, the surface will overheat, weaken and rupture, releasing the vapour under great pressure from within into the outside air, then mixing with oxygen and detonating (if ignition source is present) in what firemen commonly call an “Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion” or a deadly “BLEVE” (Boiling Liquid, Expanding Vapour Explosion).

ALWAYS TREAT EMPTY CHEMICAL CONTAINERS WITH THE SAME AMOUNT OF

CAUTION AND RESPECT AS IS USUALLY AFFORDED TO FULL CONTAINERS Now that one has established how much Dangerous Goods are going to be loaded onto a vehicle, we progress to STEP THREE (Single Loads).

STEP THREE “SINGLE LOAD”

Now that one has acquired the UN identity and quantity of the goods, the next step is to refer to Load Constraints, in particular - Table C.1 (Exempt Quantity List) as found in SANS 10231: 2014 Edition 4 (Obtainable for a fee from the SABS website www.sabs.co.za) Definition: “Exempt Quantity” means the quantity of Dangerous Goods (see annex C) which, if not exceeded in the total load, is exempt from the requirements of this standard. In other words, if the quantity of a substance does not exceed the quantity provided in Column 6 of Table C.1, then SANS 10231 (and other legislation) do not apply to the load. Even though the goods are identified in STEP ONE as “Dangerous Goods”, they are not subject to regulation or control under any laws other than the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Hazardous Chemical Substances Regulations (see Regulation 14) Looking at our example of Sulphuric Acid on the previous page, (UN 1830) one must look for 1830 in Table C.1 (Column 1) and then refer to the exempt quantity given in Column 6. See example below:



If the Volume quantity of the containers of Sulphuric Acid do not exceed 50 (litres) e.g. 25 litres, then the load is not regulated. This means that no regulation applies to the load at all, and the load is viewed as a load of “Normal Goods”. Qty of Sulphuric Acid = 25 litres (Volume). The Exempt Quantity is 50 (litres / kg).

NOT A “REGULATED” LOAD

However, if the Nett Volume of the container/s exceeds 50 (litres) then the load is regulated as “Dangerous Goods” and all relevant Acts, Regulations, National Standards and By-Laws apply to the consignor, load, vehicle, operator, driver and consignee of the goods.

25 + 25 + 25 = 75 (> 50)

A REGULATED LOAD OF DANGEROUS GOODS



4.2 STEP THREE

“MIXED LOAD” A. CHECKING COMPATIBILITY OF DIFFERENT CLASSES Once one has acquired the information in STEP ONE and have identified TWO or MORE UN Numbers, Proper Shipping Names, Classes and Packing Groups (I, II or III, if applicable), then the next important step is to establish whether the UN numbers are from the same class or from different classes.

Definition of “Mixed Load” (SANS 10232-1: 2007 Part 4.5) 1. Vehicles that carry goods of more than one hazard class must bear the words "MIXED LOAD" in the

goods identification zone and the mixed load hazard class diamond in the hazard class diamond zone of the placard (see B.1.2.1, C.2 and figure B.1).

example: + =

2. Vehicles that carry goods of a single hazard class and of the same ERG must bear the UN No. of the

most hazardous substance in the goods identification zone, and the hazard class diamond relevant to it in the hazard class diamond zone of the placard. Mixed loads of this type must be placarded as for a single load.

example: + =

un 3485 un 1514

PG II PG III ERG 140 ERG 140

3. Vehicles that carry goods of a single hazard class but of different ERGs must bear the words "MIXED

LOAD" in the goods identification zone and the relevant hazard class diamond in the hazard class diamond zone of the placard (see B.1.2.1, figure B.1 and table C.1).

example: + =

LPG acetylene

ERG 115 ERG 116 NOTE: If the Classes of the different goods are the same, e.g. Petrol and Diesel (both Class 3, Flammable Liquids)

and also have the same ERG Number, then there is no need to check COMPATIBILITY as there will be no expected negative reaction between the two.



However, certain goods from the same class are not necessarily compatible, e.g. Acids and Bases. Yes, both are Class 8 (Corrosives), yet they should not be loaded together in the same vehicle since strong Acids and Bases will react negatively with each other, sometimes even violently. Explosives are automatically Not Compatible with any other goods classes and always require transportation in separate vehicles. Furthermore, Explosives must also be from the same sub-division in order to be compatible with each other, e.g. Division 1.1 can only be transported with other Division 1.1 explosives, and so on. In another example, Division 1.2B cannot be transported with 1.4S, but will require transportation in separate vehicles. + +

SANS 10231: 2014 Part 7.3. Load Compatibility reads – Where more than one item of Dangerous Goods (mixed load) is transported per vehicle/combination of vehicles, the load must conform to the requirements shown in the load compatibility chart and special provisions according to hazard class

The National Road Traffic Regulations 1999/2000, Regulation 278 reads – The consignor must ensure that a multiload (mixed load) of Dangerous Goods transported on a vehicle is compatible as prescribed in Annex D to code of practice SABS 0232-1 (now in SANS 10232-1: 2007)

SANS 10232-1: 2007 reads –

The terms “mixed load” and “multiload” are synonymous, and may both be used until amended in national legislation. This does not pertain to placards, which must read “MIXED LOAD”)

Dangerous Goods Load Compatibility Chart and Special Provisions Load compatibility and segregation are based on the hazard class and subsidiary risk diamonds, displayed on packages and containers. Both the hazard class and any subsidiary risks must be considered, on an equal basis, in the segregation of cargo. Cargo segregation on mixed load vehicles must conform to the requirements of the load compatibility chart in table G.1 and the special provisions according to hazard class in Part G.3 of SANS 10231: 2014 Furthermore, cognisance must be taken of the reactivity of individual substances with each other, even if allowed in accordance with the load compatibility chart in table G.1 of SANS 10231: 2014 NOTE 1 A white square indicates permitted mixed loading. NOTE 2 A black square indicates that loading on the same vehicle is prohibited. NOTE 3 "A" indicates that loading on the same vehicle is permitted, but the goods are to be kept at least 1 m apart. NOTE 4 Special provisions according to hazard class (see G.3) are to be considered in conjunction with the

compatibility chart in table G.1.



TABLE G.1 – LOAD COMPATIBILITY CHART SANS 10231: 2014 Edition 4

CLASS

1 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 7

8 acid

8 base

9

1

2.1

A A A

2.2

A

2.3

3

A A

4.1

A A

4.2

A A

4.3

A A

5.1

A A A A

5.2

A A A A A

6.1

A A

6.2

A A

7

8 acid

A A A A A A

8 base

A

9



STEP FOUR “MIXED LOAD”

Once it has been established that loads with 2 or more UN Numbers are compatible, the next step requires that Consignors calculate whether the goods exceed the Mixed Load “1000” factor as per SANS 10231: 2014 Part 7.2 Exempt quantity for a mixed load If no single item of Dangerous Goods in the load exceeds the quantity (in kilograms or litres, as appropriate) given in Table C.1 in the EXEMPT QUANTITY column (column 6), the calculation below must be done for each item of Dangerous Goods in the load. If the sum of A for all the calculations does not exceed 1 000, the requirements of this standard do not apply.

A = Q × F

where;

A is the result;

Q is the quantity of the Dangerous Goods being transported, in kilograms or litres, as applicable;

F is the factor shown in the column under header F of table C.1 EXAMPLE 1: Step One identifies two substances as Dangerous Goods with the following information:

UN No: 1830 1950 Proper Shipping Name: Sulphuric Acid Aerosol, Flammable

Class: 8 2.1 Class Name: Corrosives Flammable Gas

Packing Group (PG) II n/a Subsidiary Risk Class: - -

Quantity (litres / kg) 25 litres 60 litres

A1 + A2 = 1100 Since the result exceeds 1000, this is a regulated “MIXED LOAD”

of Dangerous Goods and all relevant Acts, Regulations, Standards and By-Laws apply to the load, vehicle, operator, driver, consignor and consignee.

A1 = Q

x F

+ A2 = Q

x F

25 20 60 10 500 600

A1 + A2 = 1100



EXAMPLE 2 (CLASSROOM EXERCISE): Step One identifies three substances as Dangerous Goods with the following information:

UN No: 1944 1823 1202 Proper Shipping Name: Matches, Safety Sodium Hydroxide, Solid Diesel

Class: 4.1 8 3 Class Name: Flammable Solid Corrosive Flammable Liquid

Packing Group (PG) III II III Subsidiary Risk Class: - - -

Quantity (litres / kg) 200 kg 20 kg 420 litres

A1 =

Q x F

A2 =

Q x F

A3 =

Q x F

x x x

A1

+ A2 + A3 =

QUESTION: Is this a Regulated Dangerous Goods Load or a Normal Goods Load? ________________________ QUESTION: Is this a SINGLE LOAD or MIXED LOAD?_______________________________________________ QUESTION: Which Placard must be used for this load? Mark the correct answer in the block provided below.



4.3. SANS 10231: 2014 PART G.3 – SPECIAL PROVISIONS ACCORDING TO HAZARD CLASS

G.3.1 Provision applicable to all classes Unless otherwise specified, goods of different hazard classes must be segregated by an air space of at least 100 mm or by an approved segregation device, or with non-Dangerous Goods.

G.3.3.1 Packages of class 2 must not be thrown or be subjected to impact. G.3.2 Provision applicable to Class 1 (EXPLOSIVES) Dangerous Goods of class 1 may only be transported or conveyed by prior written permission from the competent authority on explosives unless specifically excluded in terms of the relevant national legislation (see annex A). G.3.3 Provisions applicable to class 2 (GASES)

G.3.3.2 Packages of class 2 must be so stowed that they cannot roll, fall, or be

subjected to impact.

G.3.3.3 When class 2.1 and class 2.3 goods are transported in closed vehicles, sufficient ventilation must be provided to prevent the build-up of gases.

G.3.3.4 Cylinders of class 2 not standing upright must not be stowed with their valve-protecting devices facing outwards.

G.3.3.5 Aluminium cylinders must be kept apart from class 8 bases.

G.3.4 Provision applicable to class 3 (FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS) If the class 3 substance is nitro-methane, UN No. 1261, it must not be transported in the same load as substances of hazard class 6.1. G.3.5 Provisions applicable to class 4 (FLAMMABLE SOLIDS)

G.3.5.1 A self-reactive substance of class 4.1 must be shielded from direct sunlight. G.3.5.2 When self-reactive substances of class 4.1 are transported in vehicles

covered with sheets, the sheets must be of a material that is impermeable and non-combustible.

G.3.5.3 Self-reactive substances of class 4.1 must be stowed so as to be readily

accessible during all stages of transportation and not be stacked on top of other goods.

G.3.5.4 Flammable solids of class 4.1, transported in loads in excess of 5 000 kg,

must be subdivided in stacks of not more than 5 000 kg with a space of at least 500 mm between stacks, or subdivided by non-hazardous goods.

G.3.5.5 Substances of class 4.2 must be transported in closed vehicles with the

containment space constructed of metal. G.3.5.6 Substances of class 4.3 must be transported in closed vehicles or in

hermetically sealed containers. G.3.5.7 Contact with water must be avoided during all stages of transportation of

class 4.3 substances, including loading and unloading.



G.3.6 Provisions applicable to class 5

G.3.6.1 For the transportation of class 5.2 peroxides, the cargo containment area must be constructed entirely of metal and there must be no exposed wood in or on any part of the cargo.

G.3.6.2 Packages of class 5.2 must be so stowed as to be readily accessible during

all stages of transportation.

G.3.6.3 Substances of class 5.2, transported in loads in excess of 5 000 kg, must be subdivided in stacks of not more than 5 000 kg with an air space of at least 500 mm between stacks.

G.3.7 Provisions applicable to class 6

G.3.7.1 Substances of class 6.1 must not be transported together with foodstuffs or stock feeds.

G.3.7.2 Cyanides of class 6.1 must not be transported together with substances of

class 8 acids.

0jG.3.7.3 Substances of class 6.2 must not be transported together with foodstuffs or stock feeds.

G.3.7.4 Packages of class 6.2 must be stowed so that they are readily accessible

during all stages of transportation. G.3.8 Provision applicable to class 7 The transportation, by road, of radioactive material must be in accordance with the national legislation on radioactive material (Nuclear Energy Regulator Act). G.3.9 Provisions applicable to class 8

G.3.9.1 Concentrated acids and bases in quantities that exceed the exempt quantities must be kept at least 1 m apart.

G.3.9.2 Substances of class 8 acids must not be transported together with

cyanides of class 6.1.

SEGREGATION OF DIFFERENT CLASSES

GENERAL SEGREGATION OF DIFFERENT CLASSES (ALL) – G.3.1

1m

100mm 100mm



4.4 SANS 10231: 2014 PART C – SPECIAL PROVISIONS ACCORDING TO UN NUMBER

Column 9 - B provisions that apply to goods transported in bulk

Column 8 - P provisions that apply to Column 11 - O provisions that apply packaged goods to transport operations in general

Column 10 - L provisions that apply to

loading operations

In order to reference the relevant Special Provisions, interested and affected parties are strongly advise to purchase SANS 10231: 2014 Edition 4 from the South African Bureau of Standards.

This information may not be provided due to SABS user-licensing requirements

PART C – SANS 10231 C.2 Special P provisions for the carriage of packaged goods C.3 Special B provisions for the carriage of goods transported in bulk C.4 Special L provisions for the loading operation

C.5 Special O provisions for the transport operation



4.5 WHEN MUST DANGEROUS GOODS VEHICLES DISPLAY OR REMOVE SIGNAGE?

Drivers of vehicles loaded with correctly identified Dangerous Goods must ensure that the vehicle displays placarding relevant to the load on the vehicle. When a single load (one UN Number) is loaded and the load exceeds the relevant Exempt Quantity stated in Table C.1 of SANS 10231: 2014, then the vehicle must be fitted with three (3) relevant placards, one on both sides and one at the rear so as to visible from the roadside and a Danger warning Diamond (Orange) must be fitted to the front. The specifications of placards and other relevant signage must be in accordance with SANS 10232-1: 2007 edition 3. These specifications will be covered in Part 5 of this manual.

WARNING!!! Operators, drivers and Consignors (Qualified Persons) must be careful not to use “MIXED LOAD” placards for SINGLE LOADS (over exempt quantity) and for MIXED LOADS under the 1000 factor. It is an offence to

fail to display accurate placarding for Dangerous Goods, and fail to display any placards when loads exceed Exempt Quantity, and to display incorrect or inaccurate placards, and

to display placards when a vehicle is not loaded with goods that meet the criteria of Dangerous Goods (Tanker drivers do not remove placards unless tanks are cleaned and certified clean)

Remember!!!

Mixed Loads are not a combination of Dangerous Goods and “Normal Goods”.

Mixed Loads are loads with more than one UN Number in a load that exceeds “1000” when calculated according to the “Mixed Load Formula” of A=Q x F.

Many drivers and operators make use of Mixed Load placards incorrectly due to a lack of

knowledge or, in some cases, to avoid delays and to save on the cost of buying accurate “Single Load” placards when needed.

Drivers must remove (or reverse) all three placards and the orange Danger Warning diamond on the

front when the following occur: 1. The load is reduced to a quantity LESS THAN the specified Exempt Quantity for single loads,

2. Part of a Mixed Load is offloaded and the remaining load does not exceed “1000” factor,

3. The vehicle is completely offloaded and is free of any residue or spillage.

Drivers must make sure that they have the correct placards for loads where Mixed Loads are partially offloaded at one Consignee and the goods remaining on the vehicle have ONE UN Number (Single Load) and must be delivered to a different Consignee address.

DO NOT USE “MIXED LOAD” PLACARDS AS THE EASY WAY OUT. ONLY USE WHEN A LOAD OF DANGEROUS GOODS MEETS THE DEFINITION AND CRITERIA OF A “MIXED LOAD”



4.6. WHEN DOES THE LAW NOT APPLY TO DANGEROUS GOODS?

SANS 10231: 2014

Part 7.4

Exemptions

Exemptions from the requirements of this standard shall apply to the transport of Dangerous Goods when - a) goods being transported are used for the operation of the vehicle carrying them, for example fuel in the fuel tank of a vehicle, b) the goods are moved between adjacent premises not more than 1 km apart, c) vehicles have built-in road construction machinery, d) the carriage of Dangerous Goods is undertaken by private individuals where the goods are packaged for retail sale and are intended for the individuals' personal or domestic use or for their leisure or sporting activities, e) the carriage is undertaken under the supervision of the emergency services, in particular by breakdown vehicles towing vehicles containing Dangerous Goods which have been involved in accidents or that have broken down, f) the emergency transport of Dangerous Goods is intended to save human lives or for the protection of the environment, provided that all necessary precautions are taken for the transport of such goods in complete safety, g) the Dangerous Goods are exempt from road transport regulations by special provision in SANS 10228 or in terms of table C.1, and h) the goods are transported by a bona fide farmer or an employee of the farmer and are intended for use in farming operations, provided that 1) the goods are not used for resale either in their original form or in combination with any other substance, 2) the journey does not exceed 250 km of which no more than 50 km shall be on a main arterial road designated with an "N" number (e.g., N3, N12, N1), 3) the quantity of classified Dangerous Goods in liquid form does not exceed 1 000 L, 4) the quantity of classified Dangerous Goods in solid form does not exceed 1 000 kg, and 5) the quantity of classified Dangerous Goods transported in a mixed load containing goods in both liquid and solid form, in kilograms and liters, does not exceed 1 000. Exempt quantity for a load consisting of items with the same UN number The requirements of this standard do not apply if the total quantity loaded is less than the quantity (in kilograms or liters, as appropriate) given in Table C.1 in the EXEMPT QUANTITY column (column 6). Regulation 274. Application of the National Road Traffic Regulations

274. (2) These regulations do not apply in respect of Dangerous Goods which are transported in quantities which do not exceed the exempt quantities (in Table C.1 of SANS 10231: 2014).



4.7. POWERS AND DUTIES OF DANGEROUS GOODS INSPECTORATE & INSPECTORS

283. (1) The Dangerous Goods inspectorate shall-

(a) evaluate consignors, consignees and operators to determine their compliance with the provisions of the Act and

the standard specifications;

(b) conduct investigations into the procedures followed by a person or body of persons in relation to the

requirements for the transportation of Dangerous Goods;

(c) keep a data base of:

(i) every incident that must be reported in terms of SABS 0231 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods – Operational requirements for road vehicles”;

(ii) Dangerous Goods regulated under these Regulations and exempt quantities thereof; (iii) routes frequently used for the transportation of Dangerous Goods; (iv) operators transporting Dangerous Goods; and (v) offences and infringements related to the transportation of Dangerous Goods;

(d) advise the Minister on matters related to the transportation of Dangerous Goods;

(e) assist traffic officers in the execution of their powers and duties in respect of the transportation of dangerous

goods;

(f) keep abreast with international developments concerning the transportation of Dangerous Goods.

(2) A Dangerous Goods inspector employed by the Dangerous Goods inspectorate may enter any motor vehicle on or in

which any substance suspected to be Dangerous Goods is or is suspected to be transported, or enter any premises on or in which any other operation or activity relating to such transport with or in connection with any such substance is or is suspected to be carried out, and may, subject to the provisions of the Act—

(a) inspect or search the vehicle or premises, or examine, or extract, take and remove samples of, or direct an

approved authority to examine, extract or remove, any substance, found in or upon such premises, or any

packaging, receptacles, unit loads, bulk containers and bulk transportation equipment or other objects so found

which is or is suspected to be used, or destined or intended for use, for, in or in connection with the transport of

Dangerous Goods, or for, or in connection with any other operation or activity with or in connection with the

transport of Dangerous Goods, or open or direct an approved authority to open any packagings, receptacles, unit

loads, bulk containers and bulk transportation equipment suspected to contain such Dangerous Goods;

(b) detain a vehicle which is on reasonable grounds suspected of not complying with these regulations, for the

purposes of exercising any of the powers of a Dangerous Goods inspector under this regulation;

(c) demand from the driver, operator or any person in charge of the vehicle or premises, to produce any document

prescribed under these regulations;

(d) demand any information regarding any substance or packagings, receptacles, unit loads, bulk containers, bulk

transportation equipment or other objects from any person in whose possession or charge it is or from the

operator or person in charge of the vehicle or premises;

(e) weigh, count, measure, mark or seal, or direct an approved authority to weigh, count, measure, mark or seal, any

substance or packagings, receptacles, unit loads, bulk containers, bulk transportation equipment or other objects

or lock, secure, seal or close any door or opening giving access to it;

(f) examine or make copies of, or take extracts from, any book, statement or document found in or on the vehicle or

premises and which refers or is suspected to refer to the substance, packagings, receptacles, unit loads, bulk

containers, bulk transportation equipment or other objects;

(g) demand from the operator or any person in charge of the vehicle or premises or from any person in whose

possession or charge such book, statement or document, an explanation of any entry therein;

(h) inspect any operation or process carried out in or upon the vehicle or premises in connection with any activity

referred to in paragraph (a);

(i) demand any information regarding the operation or process referred to in paragraph (h) from the operator or

person in charge of the vehicle or premises or from any person carrying out or in charge of the carrying out of

such operation or process; and

(j) seize any substance, book, statement or document or other packagings, receptacles, unit loads, bulk containers,

bulk transportation equipment or other objects which appears to provide proof of a contravention of any provision

of this Act.

(3) If a Dangerous Goods inspector intends to exercise or perform any power, duty or function under these regulations

in the presence of any persons affected thereby, he or she shall on demand, produce the appointment certificate

issued to him or her under regulation 282.



(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of this regulation, a Dangerous Goods inspector or an approved authority shall not

open Dangerous Goods packages, or unload or decant Dangerous Goods unless—

(a) the operator was duly notified;

(b) such unloading, decanting or opening of packages is authorised by the local authority concerned; and

(c) a qualified person supervises the unloading, decanting or opening of packages.

(5) If the Dangerous Goods inspectorate finds after investigation in terms of these Regulations, that an operator has

committed an offence in terms of these Regulations or does not comply with these Regulations, it must request the

MEC concerned to act in terms of section 50 of the Act, providing reasons for the request.

[G.N. R.727 has put regulation 283 into operation on 3 August 2001]

[Reg. 283 replaced by R.59, G.N. R.1341 w.e.f. 25 September 2003]

4.8. POWERS AND DUTIES OF TRAFFIC OFFICERS IN RELATION TO D/GOODS

283A. (1) A traffic officer may enter any motor vehicle on or in which any substance suspected to be Dangerous Goods is or is

suspected to be transported, or enter any premises on or in which any other operation or activity relating to such

transport with or in connection with any such substance is or is suspected to be carried out, and may, subject to the

provisions of the Act—

(a) demand from the driver, operator or any person in charge of the vehicle or premises, to produce any document

prescribed under these regulations;

(b) demand any information regarding any substance or packagings, receptacles, unit loads, bulk containers, bulk

transportation equipment or other objects from any person in whose possession or charge it is or from the

operator or person in charge of the vehicle or premises;

(c) determine the quantity or volume of any Dangerous Goods;

(d) examine or make copies of, or take extracts from, any book, statement or document found in or on the vehicle or

premises and which refers or is suspected to refer to the substance, packagings, receptacles, unit loads, bulk

containers, bulk transportation equipment or other objects.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of this regulation, a traffic officer or an approved authority shall not open Dangerous

Goods packages, or unload or decant Dangerous Goods unless—

(a) the operator was duly notified;

(b) such unloading, decanting or opening of packages is authorised by the local authority concerned; and

(c) a qualified person supervises the unloading, decanting or opening of packages; and

(d) the Dangerous Goods inspectorate is notified.

[Reg. 283A inserted by R.60, G.N. R.1341 w.e.f. 25 September 2003]

4.9. PRESUMPTION REGARDING THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS

283B. Where in any prosecution for an alleged contravention of any provision in this Act, it is alleged that dangerous good,

as listed in SABS 0228: The identification and classification of dangerous substances, were transported and that such

goods were in excess of the exempt quantity, as stipulated in “SABS 0232-1: Transportation of Dangerous Goods –

Emergency information system”, —

(a) any document or a copy or extract out of any document, purporting to have been issued by the consignor of such

goods or operator of such vehicle, stating the nature of goods and the quantity thereof; or

(b) any extract from the packaging of any goods transported, identifying or marking, such goods as Dangerous

Goods, and any UN number reflected on such packaging,

shall be presumed, in absence of evidence to the contrary, to be prima facie proof that such goods were

Dangerous Goods and the quantity of such goods was in excess of the exempt quantity.

[Reg. 283B inserted by R.61, G.N. R.1341 w.e.f. 25 September 2003]



PART FIVE

PLACARDING OF VEHICLES CONVEYING

DANGEROUS GOODS

IDENTIFICATION OF PLACARD ZONES

SPECIFICATIONS OF PLACARDS

RULES FOR DISPLAYING PLACARDS



5.1 PLACARDS

Placards are a very important method for the Emergency Services and Law Enforcement Agencies to identify the type of load that is carried by a Dangerous Goods vehicle. Whilst Law Enforcement Agencies are mandated to ensure the free and safe flow of traffic on South African Roads, they often respond to incidents and accidents involving goods vehicles. It is important for the safety of the law enforcers and the general public to be able to identify loads that can endanger people, property or the environment. The same requirement applies to the emergency services, such as firemen, paramedics and rescue personnel. Placards form part of a system of the South African Emergency Information Systems which is dependent on the Emergency Information System for Road Transport as prescribed in SANS 10232 (all parts). The emergency information system as documented in SANS 10232 is intended to assist emergency services response teams in the mitigation of an incident that involves Dangerous Goods. NOTE SANS 10232-3, is based on the information contained in this part of SANS 10232 and forms an integral component of the emergency information system in that it gives the recommended action to be taken by the first responder who arrives at the scene of an incident and by the emergency services during the first stage of response. It is vital that the first responder to a Dangerous Goods incident is able to quickly identify the load on a vehicle, so as to pass on accurate information to other responders. Definition of "incident" unplanned event during the transport or storage of Dangerous Goods which includes incidents such as leakage, spillage, fire or other unplanned events Authorities in South Africa also apply a system of response to road incidents known as "IMS" (Incident Management System) to enable responders to rapidly respond and assist injured persons, remove damaged vehicles and spilled goods and to re-open roads to the public as soon as possible. The placards, signage, labels and documents in or on a Dangerous Goods vehicle are all part of the aforementioned Emergency Information System for Road Transport and all of them form vital links in the chain. It is therefore important that vehicles display placards, and more importantly, accurate placards that properly identify different types of loads or goods. Definition of "Dangerous Goods placard" A single placard with separate, delineated zones for goods identification, telephonic advice numbers and the appropriate hazard class diamond Definition of "danger warning diamond" An orange diamond that complies with the requirements of Part 5.5 of SANS 10232-1, and that is displayed on the front of the vehicle (loaded with Dangerous Goods). There are many Operators on South African roads who make use of incorrect or inaccurate placards, some in order to save on costs of purchasing different sets of placards for different loads, and others simply due to a lack of understanding and knowledge concerning the application of placards. The trend currently is to opt for the "MIXED LOAD" placard, which is often mistakenly thought of as the answer to every load of Dangerous Goods.

WARNING

It is not only a criminal offence to use inaccurate placards, but the practice also endangers emergency services response teams and the public when incorrect response measures are applied to an incident. This may result in

serious injury or fatalities due to incorrect application of fire-fighting techniques and spill recovery measures.



5.2 Placarding and documentation of vehicles (National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000)

Definition of “emergency action response system” as per Regulation 273 Means a system designed to enable emergency crews arriving on the scene of an incident to determine, from coded placarding on the vehicle, or failing that, from the Tremcard or Dangerous Goods declaration, the identity of the cargo carried, the nature of the hazard presented and the emergency action to be taken to neutralize the danger, and is as prescribed in code of practice SABS 0232-1 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods - Emergency information systems”, Part 1: “Emergency information system for road transportation” and code of practice SABS 0232-3 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods - Emergency information systems”, Part 3: “Emergency action codes”; Regulation 275. Transportation of Dangerous Goods prohibited 275. No person must operate on a public road any vehicle in or on which Dangerous Goods is transported, unless

such Dangerous Goods is transported in accordance with this Chapter: Provided that—

(b) vehicles carrying Dangerous Goods in respect of which a placard is required to be fitted to such vehicle, may be fitted with, but must after 1 October 2001 be fitted, with the appropriate placards prescribed in code of practice SABS 0232-1 (SANS 10232-1) “Transportation of Dangerous Goods - Emergency information systems”, Part 1: “Emergency information system for road transportation”.


The traffic regulations thus point vehicle operators and drivers to the relevant National Standard SANS 10232-1 to determine the specifications of the placarding. These specifications must be covered in the following part of the manual.

WARNING The following would constitute a criminal offence whilst transporting Dangerous Goods by road: a. Failure to display placards at all b. Using inaccurate or incorrect placards c. Using placards that are in a poor condition d. Not displaying three placards (left, right and rear) e. Failing to remove placards from certain vehicles after goods are offloaded f. Displaying placards when loads do not meet all the criteria and definition of Dangerous Goods (e.g. goods are under Exempt Quantity and are thus not regulated by law or national standards) g. Displaying placards incorrectly, h. Using placards made of material not prescribed in SANS 10232-1 (e.g. cardboard or wrong colour, etc)

The correct specifications and rules for displaying placards follows on the next page in Part 5.3.



5.3 Placarding and documentation of vehicles (SANS 10232)

General Requirements for Placards

Provision is made for three types of placarding, namely Dangerous Goods placards, danger warning diamonds and split placarding.

1 The vehicle placarding and documentation must at all times be an accurate reflection of the Dangerous Goods being transported. 2 The full placard, including the 10 mm black border (annex B of SANS 10232-1) must be clearly visible from the roadside, whether directly fixed on the vehicle, or supported by means of a permanently fixed frame.

PLACARDS MUST BE CLEAN, LEGIBLE AND NOT DEFACED AT ALL TIMES!!! 3 Three regular-size Dangerous Goods placards must be affixed to each cargo containment area of a rigid vehicle, semi-trailer or trailer; - one at the rear and - one on either side of the vehicle, (one left and one right) so as to be clearly visible from the roadside.



4. Vehicles with GVM less than 3 500 kg may be fitted with reduced-size placards (see 5.2.1 below ) where space does not allow the fitting of a regular size placard. 5. A regular-size danger warning diamond must be so affixed to the front of a vehicle or a truck tractor as to be clearly visible from the front. Vehicles with a GVM less than 3 500 kg may be fitted with a reduced-size danger warning diamond (see 5.5 below) where space does not allow the fitting of a regular-size danger warning diamond. 5.5 Danger warning diamond

A danger warning diamond must be a square with each side of length 250 mm, set with one of its diagonals vertically. A reduced-size diamond must be a square with each side of length 100 mm, set with one of its diagonals vertically. The colour of the diamond must be orange, and its design must comply with the requirements given in diagram C.3 of SANS 10232-1.



6. Dangerous Goods that are transported at a temperature in excess of 100 °C (in the case of liquids) or 240 °C (in the case of solids) must have three elevated temperature warning triangles attached to the cargo unit, one on either side and one on the rear of the unit, so as to be clearly visible from the roadside 7. Road tankers and bulk carriers In the case of road tankers and bulk carriers, the placards, Dangerous Goods declaration(s) and transport emergency card(s) must be retained until the vehicle has been certified clean. 8. Packaged goods and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) i. In the case of packaged goods and IBCs all the placards must be removed from the sides and rear of the vehicle and the documents must be removed from the designated area immediately after all the goods have been off-loaded, (provided no spillage has occurred). ii. If spillage occurred during the transport operation, the placards, DGD(s) and transport emergency card(s) must be retained after the goods have been off-loaded, until the vehicle has been cleaned and certified as such. 9. Freight containers a. Vehicles that transport freight containers that are placarded in accordance with this part of SANS 10232 (see 4.4.2) require only a danger warning diamond in addition to the required documentation in the designated space (see clause 6). b. Freight containers that are being transported by road as part of a journey that includes movement by sea freight or across borders, must carry split placards that consist of the appropriate hazard class and subsidiary risk diamonds and goods identification rectangle (see B.3.2 and C.4) affixed to either side and each end of the container so that they are clearly visible from both the rear and the roadside during transport and also meet the requirements of the IMDG regulations. c. Freight containers not intended to be carried as sea freight or across borders must carry the normal Dangerous Goods placards on either side and each end so that they are clearly visible from both the rear and the roadside during transport. d. The danger warning diamond and the documentation must remain on the vehicle until all the freight containers have been removed. Definition of split placarding A system of placarding where a rectangle that contains the UN number and a hazard class diamond are affixed in close proximity, as required for freight containers in accordance with the IMDG regulations



10. Mixed loads (previously "multiloads") a. Vehicles that carry goods of more than one hazard class must bear the words "MIXED LOAD" in the goods identification zone and the mixed load hazard class diamond in the hazard class diamond zone of the placard. b. Vehicles that carry goods of a single hazard class and of the same ERG must bear the UN No. of the most hazardous substance in the goods identification zone, and the hazard class diamond relevant to it in the hazard class diamond zone of the placard. Mixed loads of this type must be placarded as for a single load. e.g. Petrol(un1203) and Diesel (un1202): both Class 3, both ERG 128 - Placard for Petrol (un1203) c. Vehicles that carry goods of a single hazard class but of different ERGs must bear the words "MIXED LOAD" in the goods identification zone and the relevant hazard class diamond in the hazard class diamond zone of the placard e.g. Hydrofluoric Acid(un1790 - ERG 157) and Sulphuric Acid (un1830 - ERG 137): both Class 8 11. Waste products classified as Dangerous Goods a. Vehicles that transport waste products classified as Dangerous Goods must comply with the requirements of SANS 10232-1: Parts 4.1 to 4.5 (inclusive). b. The word "WASTE" must be added above the UN No. in the goods identification zone of the Dangerous Goods placard. c. A container used for the transport of Dangerous Goods that has not been cleaned and is not accompanied by a "nominally empty packaging certificate" (see SANS 10406) must be classified as a Dangerous Goods waste product and must comply with the requirements in 4.6.

1203

WASTE 1846



12. Transport of petroleum-based products (Generic Placards) a. The following petroleum-based products: diesel (UN 1202), petrol (UN 1203), Paraffin (UN 1223) and aviation fuel (UN 1863) may be placarded with the generic UN NO. 1203, either singly or as a mixed load. NOTE It is recommended that a tank vehicle, which is dedicated to any of these products, uses the appropriate UN number for the product on the placard. b. When transporting petroleum-based products as in a) above, transport emergency card(s) must reflect the actual substance(s) on the vehicle. 13. Transport of gases I. When transporting a single gas, the relevant placard and transport emergency card must apply. II. Mixed loads of gases may be transported under the following 5 group transport emergency cards: a) Compressed gases, oxidizing. b) Compressed gases, toxic. c) Compressed gases, flammable. d) Compressed gases (except Air, compressed), asphyxiant. e) Liquefied gas, flammable. 14. Placard zones A Dangerous Goods placard must be divided into the following emergency information zones: a) the goods identification zone; b) the operator telephonic advice number zone; c) The specialist telephonic advice number zone; and d) the hazard class diamond zone. A. The goods identification zone must indicate the four-digit UN No. of the Dangerous Goods being transported. When waste is transported, the word "WASTE" must be added above the UN No. In the case of a mixed load the words "MIXED LOAD" must appear in the goods identification zone, with the two words “MIXED” and “LOAD” on separate lines.

1830 WASTE 1830

MIXED LOAD



B. THE OPERATOR TELEPHONIC ADVICE NUMBER ZONE must contain one or two telephone numbers, one of which must be a landline, preceded by the area code. This landline must be available on a 24 hour basis, and must be the number of the operator at the premises from which the business is conducted. It must be possible to obtain details about the cargo and the route of the vehicle at this number. C. THE SPECIALIST TELEPHONIC ADVICE NUMBER ZONE must contain one or two telephone numbers, one of

which must be a landline, preceded by the area code. This landline must be available on a 24 hour basis, and must be the number of a party that can supply specialist advice on the hazards associated with the cargo. D. THE HAZARD CLASS DIAMOND ZONE must display the hazard class diamond appropriate to the hazard associated with the goods in terms of SANS 10228. Where subsidiary risks are identified in terms of SANS 10228, the subsidiary risk diamonds must be attached to the sides of the hazard class warning diamond SUBSIDIARY RISK DIAMOND PRIMARY HAZARD DIAMOND 15. Subsidiary Risk Diamond Subsidiary risk diamonds used in split placarding must be identical to hazard diamonds. Subsidiary risk diamonds added to a hazard placard must be of the same design and colour as hazard diamonds but reduced to 100 mm side dimensions.

16. Elevated temperature warning triangle An elevated temperature warning triangle must be an equilateral triangle with each side of length 250 mm and of design as given in C.5 of SANS 10232-1

250mm

011 555 6789 011 555 6789 084 567 8910

011 777 6789 011 777 6789 089 012 8910



PART SIX

PRESCRIBED DOCUMENTS FOR DANGEROUS GOODS CONVEYED

ON PUBLIC ROADS

TRANSPORT EMERGENCY CARDS

DANGEROUS GOODS DECLARATIONS



6.1 TRANSPORT EMERGENCY CARDS

Drivers of vehicles loaded with Dangerous Goods must be in possession of certain documents. Amongst these prescribed documents are “Transport Emergency Cards”. Definition of transport emergency card (SANS 10231: 2014): A card that lists the hazards and emergency information for a material being transported and that is intended for the use by the driver during an incident, or by emergency services, if required. The transport emergency card can either be generated from the European Council of Chemical Manufacturers’ Federation (CEFIC) system, called a TREMCARD, or in accordance with SANS 10232-4, called a TREC NOTE The transport emergency card has a validity of three years from the edition date as stated on the card (see SANS 10232-1). Abbreviations 1. TREC – Transport emergency card in accordance with SANS 10232-4: 2012 2. TREMCARD – Transport emergency card, generated from the European Council of Chemical Manufacturers’

Federation (CEFIC) system

Definition of “tremcard” (National Road Traffic Regulations, Regulation 273): “Tremcard” means the transport emergency card listing the hazards and emergency information for a material being transported for use by the driver during an incident, or by the emergency services, if required. The requirements for Tremcards / Trecs under Regulation 281 of the National Road Traffic Regulations

Documents to be held by driver 281. (1) The driver of a vehicle referred to in regulation 274(1) must ensure that such Tremcards and Dangerous

Goods declarations as are required in terms of this Chapter, and which pertain to the Dangerous Goods carried on such vehicle are held in the designated space in the cab of that vehicle at such time as Dangerous Goods are being transported in such vehicle.

(2) The driver of a vehicle referred to in regulation 274(1) must produce on demand—

(a) a professional driving permit, if applicable; and (c) the documents referred to in sub-regulation (1), whenever he or she is operating a vehicle referred

to in regulation 274(1). Definition of “designated space” (SANS 10231: 2014) A container, of colour orange and marked with the word “DOCUMENTS” in black, which is permanently fixed in a clearly visible space near the centre of the cab so as to be easily accessible from either door or through a broken front window NOTE The construction of the container and type of material used are not prescribed. General Information on Transport Emergency Cards.

The Operator must ensure that safety equipment required by the driver in accordance with the transport emergency card, is provided, and that the driver is trained in the operation of such equipment.

The driver must ensure (after loading) that the correct transport emergency card(s) is / are stored in the designated space (SANS 10231),

Only emergency information documents for the current load and licences and permits as required by national legislation are stored in the designated space, and all extraneous documentation is removed,

The necessary safety equipment in accordance with the transport emergency card(s) must be on board,



The driver must understand the information and instructions on the transport emergency card(s),

In the event of an incident, the instructions on the transport emergency card(s) must be followed and all necessary assistance must be given to the emergency services. The transport emergency card(s) and the DGD(s) must be handed over to the emergency services when so requested.

Transport emergency card layout (TREC)

TRANSPORT EMERGENCY CARD – Road transport In accordance with SANS 10232-4

PROPER SHIPPING NAME ....................................................................... APPEARANCE ....................................................................... DANGER ....................................................................... (H phrases) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ....................................................................... (PP phrases) EMERGENCY RESPONSE EQUIPMENT ....................................................................... (ER phrases) DRIVER FIRST ACTIONS – Only if it can be carried out without personal risk ....................................................................... (D phrases) .......................................................................

DRIVER SPECIAL/ADDITIONAL ACTIONS – Only if it can be carried out without personal risk

....................................................................... (S phrases)

....................................................................... DRIVER ACTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE – Only if it can be carried out without personal risk ....................................................................... (F phrases) ....................................................................... FIRST AID ....................................................................... (A phrases) ....................................................................... .......................................................................

SPECIAL INFORMATION FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES ....................................................................... (E phrases) ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ADDITIONAL INFORMATION EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS ……………………………………........................................

PREPARED BY ……………………………………… from the best knowledge currently available; no guarantee is provided that the information is sufficient or correct under all circumstances.

Date M/Y: …………………………..

Reference: …………………………

The TREC is intended for the use of the driver, and every effort must be made to present the information in a clear and concise manner.

NOTE The driver should be made aware of the danger associated with the load before the start of the journey by means of the information on the TREC.

In order to ensure that the potential risk of the load and the emergency provisions to be taken in the event of an accident or leakage are adequately communicated, the TREC must be available to all other persons who might come into contact with the Dangerous Goods in the course of transport.

The TREC must, at the time of transportation of the goods, be based on the current properties, classification, and MSDS information of the goods that are being transported.

(RE

D B

OR

DE

R)

(RE

D B

OR

DE

R)





6.2 DANGEROUS GOODS DECLARATION

Drivers of vehicles loaded with Dangerous Goods must be in possession of certain documents. Amongst these prescribed documents are “Dangerous Goods Declarations ”. Definition of "Dangerous Goods declaration" - (SANS 10231: 2014): DGD: A document that describes and quantifies the Dangerous Goods being transported from a consignor to a consignee Abbreviations DGD – Dangerous Goods declaration General Information on the Dangerous Goods Declaration as per SANS 10231: 2014 and SANS 10232-1

A consignment note, a delivery note or a waybill may be used as a Dangerous Goods declaration, provided it contains the information required in Annexure B of SANS 10231: 2014.

A separate Dangerous Goods declaration for each consignment must be generated by the consignor to reflect a delivery to a specific consignee.

The driver must be provided with a signed DGD by the Consignor.

The driver must ensure that the correct transport emergency card(s) and DGD(s) are stored in the designated space.

At the offloading site only the Dangerous Goods that correspond with the DGD must be offloaded

The DGD must comply with the requirements of SANS 10232-1 (see page 52 for an example of a completed DGD) and must be in triplicate, being copies for the consignor, the operator and the consignee.

Copies of the DGD must be retained by the Consignor for a minimum of 90 days after the date of shipment, if no incident is reported.

If an incident is reported, the DGD must be retained for the duration of the relevant investigation.

The operator and consignee must retain copies of the DGD for as long as deemed necessary by the relevant party.

The DGD(s) must be handed over to the emergency services when so requested.

Written operational agreements or arrangements to cover the loading, transportation and off-loading may be concluded by the responsible parties listed on the DGD, to confirm accepted duties and responsibilities, if deemed necessary by any of the relevant parties.

The container packing certificate may be combined with a DGD where the inclusion of a signed declaration phrase such as: “It is declared that the packing of goods into this container has been carried out in accordance with the relevant clause of SANS 10231" will suffice.

If spillage occurred during the transport operation, the placards, DGD(s) and transport emergency card(s) must be retained after the goods have been off-loaded, until the vehicle has been cleaned and certified as such.

Copies of the DGD must be retained by the consignor for a minimum of 90 days after the date of shipment, if no incident is reported. If an incident is reported the DGD must be retained for the duration of the relevant investigation.



Paint, Flammable



6.3 DESIGNATED SPACE

All prescribed documents for Dangerous Goods currently loaded must be placed in the "Designated Space" Definition of "designated space" A container, of colour orange and marked with the word "DOCUMENTS" in black, that is permanently fixed in a clearly visible space near the centre of the cab so as to be easily accessible from either one of the doors or through a broken front window NOTE The construction of the container and type of material used are not prescribed. Currently, Designated Spaces are supplied as - i. metal or plastic boxes, ii. PVC tubes with lids, or iii. vinyl / canvas bags secured with "Velcro" to a flat surface inside the cab of a vehicle All of these materials are currently acceptable or should be accepted by Inspectors and Law Enforcement officers

1. SANS 10232-1 PART 4.1.6. Vehicles must, in the designated space, carry the following documents: a) a transport emergency card, in the form of a TREMCARD or TREC for each Dangerous Goods item; b) one or more Dangerous Goods declaration(s) to cover all the goods that comprise the load; c) confirmation of classified waste, if applicable; d) container packing certificate, if applicable (see SANS 10231); and e) a nominally empty packaging certificate (see SANS 10406), if applicable. 2. SANS 10231: 2014 Only emergency information documents for the current load and licenses and permits, as required by national legislation, are stored in the designated space. All extraneous documentation must be removed

WARNING

It is a criminal offence to drive a vehicle with tremcards, dgd's and other documents in the "Designated Space". Drivers returning by road after offloading Dangerous Goods must remember to empty the Designated Space of all documents, or to remove certain documents when MIXED LOADS are partially offloaded. Drivers can receive hefty fines for not removing "extraneous" documents from the Designated Space.

DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS



PART SEVEN

THE DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE PARTIES

THE CONSIGNOR

as per

PART 4

South African National Standard (SANS) 10231: 2014

Transport of Dangerous Goods — Operational requirements for road vehicles

and

CHAPTER VIII

TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND SUBSTANCES BY ROAD

National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000



7.1 CONSIGNOR

The National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000 provide a link to SANS 10231: 2014 by incorporating various National Standards under Regulation 273. This standard establishes rules and procedures for the safe operation and handling of all road vehicles that are used for the transport of Dangerous Goods in accordance with the load constraints. The procedures include requirements for the consignor, the consignee, the operator, the driver and the qualified person as well as en-route procedures, and cargo handling. The standard covers the following three operations for the transport of Dangerous Goods by road: a) loading of the Dangerous Goods, which is the responsibility of the consignor; b) driving of the vehicle that carries the Dangerous Goods to its destination, which is the responsibility of the operator and the driver; and c) off-loading of the Dangerous Goods, which is the responsibility of the consignee.

NOTE Supervision of the loading, transportation and offloading of Dangerous Goods should be in accordance with the relevant national legislation with specific reference to the Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993; Section 8 and Section 16. A record of all appointees or assignees in terms of the above should be recorded and acceptance confirmed. This in effect means that Employers must train and appoint persons in writing and keep a proper record thereof in their Health and Safety files

Regulation 274: Application of the National Road Traffic Regulations

274. (1) Subject to sub-regulation (2), this Chapter applies to all vehicles registered in the Republic, wherever they may be, and to all vehicles other than those registered in the Republic, whenever they are within the Republic, in or on which Dangerous Goods are transported, and to such Dangerous Goods.

(2) These regulations do not apply in respect of Dangerous Goods which are transported in quantities which

do not exceed the exempt quantities.

Regulation 274A. Other legislation applicable

274A. If a provision in this Chapter is in conflict with a provision of the - Explosives Act, 1956 (Act No. 26 of 1956), Nuclear Energy Act, 1993 (Act No. 131 of 1993), Fire Brigade Services Act, 1987 (Act No. 99 of 1987), Mines and Works Act, 1956 (Act No. 27 of 1956), Environment Conservation Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of 1989), Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993), Hazardous Substances Act, 1973 (Act No. 15 of 1973), or Fertilizer, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act, 1947 (Act No. 36 of 1947), the latter provision must take precedence.

[G.N. R.727 has put regulation 274A into operation on 3 August 2001]



Regulation 275. Transportation of Dangerous Goods prohibited

275. No person must operate on a public road any vehicle in or on which Dangerous Goods is transported, unless such Dangerous Goods is transported in accordance with this Chapter: Provided that—

(a) Dangerous Goods which is required under this Chapter to be transported in a vehicle in respect of which

standard specification SABS 1398 “Road tank vehicles for petroleum-based flammable liquids” or SABS 1518 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods - design requirements for road tankers”, apply— (i) may be transported in such a vehicle; and (ii) must be so transported in accordance with the said appropriate standard specification if the vehicle

in which the said Dangerous Goods is being transported was registered for the first time on and after 1 October 2001; and

(b) vehicles carrying Dangerous Goods in respect of which a placard is required to be fitted to such vehicle,

may be fitted with, but must after 1 October 2001 be fitted, with the appropriate placards prescribed in code of practice SABS 0232-1 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods -Emergency information systems”, Part 1: “Emergency information system for road transportation”.


Regulation 277. Duties of operator, driver, consignor and consignee

277. (1) The operator, driver, consignor and consignee must, subject to any provision to the contrary contained in this Chapter, comply with the requirements with respect to the transportation of Dangerous Goods in or on a vehicle on a public road, as determined in the standard specifications and codes of practice referred to in regulation 273A.

(2) The operator, consignor or consignee, as the case may be, must nominate a qualified person in the

circumstances and with respect to the tasks pertaining to the transportation of Dangerous Goods, as determined in the standard specifications and codes of practice referred to in regulation 273A.

(3) Subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (2), the operator, consignor and consignee may nominate a

qualified person for any purpose deemed necessary by that operator, consignor and consignee with relation to the transportation of Dangerous Goods.


The duties of the various Responsible Parties are prescribed in the aforementioned National Road Traffic Regulations and South African National Standards, and are defined as follows: Definition of Consignor (National Road Traffic Regulations 2000) “consignor” means the person who offers Dangerous Goods for transport in a vehicle referred to in regulation 274(1), and includes the manufacturer or his or her agent, duly appointed as such; Definition of Consignor (SANS 10231: 2014)

person who offers Dangerous Goods for transport in a vehicle referred to in the relevant national legislation; (see annex A)

In the following section, the specific duties of Consignors are covered in detail.



7.2

SANS 10231: 2014 Edition 4 Part 4

Responsible Parties

"Part 4.1"

The Consignor The consignor can be the product manufacturer, the product owner, the person acting on behalf of the product owner, or the product custodian. The consignor might or might not be the party that contracts the operator.

The consignor of Dangerous Goods for transport by road vehicle must be responsible for ensuring that - a) goods are correctly classified in accordance with SANS 10228, b) goods are packaged in accordance with SANS 10229-1 and SANS 10233, NOTE Imported Dangerous Goods that arrive by air and that are packed in accordance with the ICAO Technical Instructions for the safe transport of Dangerous Goods by air or the IATA Dangerous Goods regulations, or that arrive by sea and are packed in accordance with the IMDG Code of the IMO, are acceptable for inland transport by road or rail, provided that marking for the UN number and shipping name are displayed in English.

c) paragraph removed by latest amendment (Amdt 1)

d) loading of the Dangerous Goods is carried out by a qualified person(s) trained in the relevant procedures, e) the driver is provided with a signed DGD, and f) the driver is provided with the placards and transport emergency card(s), or the information with regard to the correct placards and transport emergency card(s) is supplied to the operator. COMMENT:

If the Consignor does not perform his/her duties as prescribed, it makes it extremely difficult for the other responsible parties to perform their respective duties correctly and legally. There is currently a huge problem in South Africa with Consignors who either willfully or negligently fail to perform the duties prescribed to them by law. Another problem currently experienced is the non-disclosure of Dangerous Goods by Consignors. The reasons for non-disclosure are: i. Lack of knowledge (negligence),

ii. to avoid higher, packaging, labeling, operating or transport costs,

iii. A general lack of respect for the law. Operators and Drivers are thus warned to refuse loads of Dangerous Goods that do not meet all the prescribed requirements. Failure to do so often transfers the civil and criminal liabilities to the Operator and more specifically, the drivers of Dangerous Goods vehicles. Insurance companies are not keen to pay out expensive claims for damaged vehicles, property and goods and they are quick to repudiate claims of non-compliant loads and vehicles. Operators must ensure that they only collect goods from responsible Consignors and should be careful in how they compile service level agreements and contracts with various consignors.



PART EIGHT


THE QUALIFIED PERSON

as per

PART 4



and

CHAPTER VIII





8.1 QUALIFIED PERSON

National Standard 10231: 2014 establishes rules and procedures for the safe operation and handling of all road vehicles that are used for the transport of Dangerous Goods in accordance with the load constraints. The procedures include requirements for the qualified person as well as cargo handling. Definition of qualified person (SANS 10231: 2014) A person trained to perform a specific task, and nominated by the operator, the consignor or the consignee Definition of qualified person (National Road Traffic Regulations) “qualified person” means a person trained to perform any specific task, nominated by the operator, consignor or consignee under regulation 277

THE QUALIFIED PERSON'S SCOPE AND DUTIES a. Part 4.1. of SANS 10231: 2014 reads that the consignor of Dangerous Goods for transport by road vehicle must be responsible for ensuring that loading of the Dangerous Goods is carried out by a qualified person(s) trained in the relevant procedures. b. Part 4.4. of SANS 10231: 2014 reads as follows: i. The loading and off loading operations must be carried out by a qualified person trained in the relevant procedures. ii. Requirements for loading points at warehouses and storage areas are contained in the SANS 10263 - series.

8.2 QUALIFIED PERSON

Requirements that relate to loading and offloading operations 8.2.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The qualified person must ensure that the following safety precautions are adhered to: a) the vehicle is correctly parked for loading or offloading, and wheel chocks (as specified in SANS 1518) are in place for heavy vehicles with GVM equal to or greater than 3500 kg and are placed appropriately under wheels on non-steering axles. Vehicle fire extinguishers (where required in terms of national legislation) to be placed where not provided by the loading/offloading point; b) the engine of the vehicle is switched off, except where the engine is required to drive pumps or hydraulic units for the purposes of loading or offloading; c) the area is safe, with barricades, where applicable, and the necessary warning signs are clearly displayed; d) the requisite safety and first aid equipment in accordance with the transport emergency card(s) is provided; e) the loading or offloading operation is conducted in a safe manner and is not placed at risk by other activities in the vicinity; f) the load is adequately secured (see 8.1); and g) that at the offloading site the Dangerous Goods that correspond with the DGD, can be offloaded in safe conditions, which all the necessary safety equipment is provided and that he/she consults with the operator and the consignor on appropriate action with regard to containers with leaks.



h) Any transfer of cargo, as the result of overloading or of an incident between the scheduled loading and offloading points, must be treated as an incident that requires the emergency services to be notified. A qualified person must be required to supervise the transfer of cargo. 8.2.2. Requirements that relate to loading operations (At Consignors) The qualified person must ensure that the following safety precautions are adhered to: a) the goods to be loaded are correctly classified, packaged and labeled; b) the vehicle is suitable for its current purpose and is clean and fit to load; c) if goods different from those previously transported by the vehicle are to be loaded and in the absence of a certificate of cleaning, or a gas-free certificate, the containment area is inspected by a competent person to ensure that it is fit to receive the goods without risk; d) the exempt quantity and compatibility requirements are adhered to; e) the correct quantity is loaded, and complies with the relevant national legislation; f) the cargo is undamaged and properly secured; g) the vehicle is not allowed to proceed on its journey without placards that reflect the correct information relevant to the goods; h) the driver has the correct transport emergency card(s) in his possession; i) the necessary DGD(s) are made out for the load and supplied to the driver; and j) the special P, B, L and O provisions in annex C are adhered to. 8.2.3. Requirements that relate to offloading operations (Consignees) The qualified person must ensure that a) the cargo is correct and undamaged and there is no obvious spillage, b) the load is refused if he/she is in doubt as to whether the goods can be offloaded without risk, c) the offloading operation does not proceed, if, for any reason, he/she considers it unsafe, d) in the case of bulk deliveries, 1) there is sufficient space in the tanks or bins into which the cargo is to be unloaded and that they are in a fit condition to receive the load; 2) the flow can be stopped immediately in case of leakage or any other emergency; and 3) after offloading, the vehicle is free from spillage and all valves are closed, e) in the case of a part load, the remaining cargo is properly secured, f) after offloading, the documents reflect the change in load, g) after offloading no residue remains on the vehicle and that the vehicle is free of contamination, and h) if after offloading the vehicle cannot be certified clean, the placards remain until cleaning of the vehicle is possible

NOTE: The consignee must provide the qualified person to carry out the offloading procedures (unless otherwise agreed upon amongst the responsible parties).



PART NINE


THE OPERATOR

as per

PART 4



and

CHAPTER VIII





9.1 WHO ARE OPERATORS?

National Standard 10231: 2014 establishes rules and procedures for the safe operation and handling of all road vehicles that are used for the transport of Dangerous Goods in accordance with the load constraints. The procedures include requirements for the Operator. Driving of vehicles that carry Dangerous Goods to their respective destinations is the responsibility of both the operator and the driver; Definition of "operate" - (National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000) "operate on a public road" or any like expression, in relation to a vehicle, means to use or drive a vehicle or to permit a vehicle to be used or driven on a public road, or to have or to permit a vehicle to be on a public road; This definition makes the operator (registered owner) equally liable and responsible for the manner in which a vehicle is driven by the driver, as well as the roadworthiness, licensing and registration of a vehicle Definition of "Operator" - (National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000) "operator" means the person responsible for the use of a motor vehicle of any class contemplated in Chapter VI, and who has been registered as the operator of such vehicle; This definition refers to the duty of Operators to register as such. Operators must register vehicles which they intend to use for the transportation of Dangerous Goods as "Category D" vehicles. Vehicles are either registered from new or are re-registered from "G" to "DG". Definition of "Operator" - (SANS 10231: 2014) A person responsible for the use of a motor vehicle for the transport of Dangerous Goods as defined in the relevant national legislation (National Road Traffic Act and Regulations). See definition of "Operate" Definition of "party that contracts the operator" - (SANS 10231: 2014) A person who enters into a contract for the transport of Dangerous Goods with the operator. This is not necessarily the Consignor of Dangerous Goods. (See definition of "product custodian" below). Definition of "product custodian" - (SANS 10231: 2014) A person who has control of the Dangerous Goods at a particular time, but does not necessarily own the goods. This could be a person or company that provides warehousing and/or distribution services, and is not necessarily the manufacturer or legal owner. Importers of Dangerous Goods also fall in this category if they act on behalf of international manufacturers or local companies that purchase Dangerous Goods from international suppliers. Regulation 266. Categories of, and authority conveyed by, operator card (National Road Traffic Regulations) 266. (1) The categories of operator cards and the authority conveyed thereby are: (a) Category "G", which authorises the operation of a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of

which exceeds 3 500 kilograms and a breakdown vehicle, on a public road; (b) Category "D", which authorises the driving of a motor vehicle to which regulations 273 to 283

apply as contemplated in regulation 274, on a public road;



9.2 THE DUTIES OF OPERATORS

(PART 4.4. SANS 10231: 2014) 9.2.1 The owner of a motor vehicle is the operator thereof, unless he has concluded an agreement with another person or company in relation to the operation of the vehicle. In the case of such an agreement the person or company identified as such in the agreement is deemed to be the operator for the duration of that agreement. 9.2.2 The operator must be registered as a Dangerous Goods operator with the relevant government department and must ensure that a valid Dangerous Goods operator card is displayed in the vehicle used for the transport of Dangerous Goods. Note the Categories: "G" and "D" 9.2.3 The operator must agree on a basic route with the driver, incorporating any specific requirements of any local authority en-route. The operator must inform the emergency response centres of the areas through which the vehicle will pass, and must provide them with full information regarding the product to be transported (when requested by the emergency services), the nature of its hazard, and the intended route. When the nature of business requires the transport of similar cargo on a regular basis, it will be sufficient to submit this information at the start of operations only. The operator must, however, inform the appropriate emergency response centre of the discontinuation of such operations and of any change in the operations that might influence the hazard. The local emergency services, if concerned about a particular product passing through a specific area may require the operator to use alternative routes to reach his destination. 9.2.4 The operator must ensure that the driver of a heavy vehicle is in possession of a valid PrDP-D, and has been trained in the Unit Standard 123259 ("Convey Dangerous Goods By Road") . 9.2.5 The operator must, on being informed of an incident involving one of his vehicles covered by this standard, ensure that the emergency services and the police have been informed. If any injury, fire, explosion or spillage has occurred, the operator must prepare an incident report in accordance with annex D (see page 73) and submit it to the relevant government department within 30 days of the incident. Fax (012) 309 3721 The operator must arrange for the necessary repair, or for a replacement vehicle. Any replacement vehicle and its driver must conform to the requirements of this standard. Any transfer of the cargo, as the result of overloading or of an incident between the scheduled loading and offloading points, must be treated as an incident that requires the emergency services to be notified. A qualified person must be required to supervise the transfer of cargo. NOTE Where a vehicle carrying Dangerous Goods has been stopped and found to be overloaded, it can in some cases be safer to allow the vehicle to proceed under the escort of the emergency services to another site, where transfer of the cargo can be carried out without undue risk.



OPERATOR'S INCIDENT REPORT

ACCIDENT INVOLVING THE CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD

1. Name of company ........................................................................................................................................................ 2. Date and time of accident ............................................................................................................................................. 3. Location of accident ...................................................................................................................................................... 4. Brief description of accident .......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. Cause of accident .......................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6. Number of casualties: Fatalities ............................................. Injured ............................................... 7. UN No's of goods involved ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8. Brief details of damage to property caused by Dangerous Goods ................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9. Approximate quantity of goods spilled or released ....................................................................................................... 10. Brief details of release of vapour (direction of travel and area affected) .................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11. If the goods were involved in a fire, give brief details of the extent to which the goods were affected .......................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12. Type of load (bulk/packaged goods/tanker/freight container/tank container) ............................................................. 13. Dangerous Goods Declaration(s) completed correctly (Yes/No)? ............................................................................. 14. Correct transport emergency card(s) (in accordance with SANS 10232-1) available in the vehicle (Yes/No)? .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15. Was the correct information obtained from the specialist advice number (Yes/No)? ................................................ 16. Which emergency services were activated, if any ..................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17. Brief details of clean-up operation, if applicable ........................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

The fax number for reporting Dangerous Goods incidents at the National Department of Transport is

(012) 309 3721



9.2.6 If a vehicle is involved in an incident in which there is the risk of damage to its cargo containment, the operator must submit the vehicle for inspection in accordance with the requirements of SANS 1518, where applicable, and for compliance with SANS 10047, before putting the vehicle back into service for the transport of Dangerous Goods. 9.2.7 The operator must ensure that safety equipment required by the driver in accordance with the transport emergency card, is provided, and that the driver is trained in the operation of such equipment.

9.3 OPERATORS: OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

(PART 5 OF SANS 10231: 2014) 9.3.1. Insurance The operator must ensure that insurance, based on the hazard and risk of the goods or substances transported, covers civil liability, recovery and rehabilitation costs. 9.3.2. The operator must be informed when the opening of packages, unloading or decanting takes place for any reason, for example for axle overloads, when permitted and in an authorized and properly equipped area under the supervision of a qualified person. 9.3.3. The operator must be informed immediately by the driver in the event of a mechanical breakdown.

9.4 OPERATORS: VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS

(PART 6 OF SANS 10231: 2014)

9.4.1 Vehicle registration Vehicles must be registered for the transport of Dangerous Goods in compliance with the relevant national legislation. 9.4.2. Vehicle inspection - General a. The design and construction of the vehicle used for the transport of Dangerous Goods must comply with the design requirements covered by the relevant standard(s) valid at the time of manufacture of the vehicle, or in terms of the relevant national legislation (see annex A). b. All goods vehicles used for the transport of Dangerous Goods must undergo regular inspection in accordance with table E.1 to ensure their sound mechanical condition and ability to operate safely. NOTE This applies to all vehicles, not only heavy vehicles. c. Regular preventative maintenance must be built into the working schedule of the operator and must either be carried out at the operator's depot by suitably qualified staff, or be subcontracted to a competent workshop. Detailed records must be kept of all maintenance and inspection work done on every vehicle. d. The inspection schedule given in table E.1 must be completely restarted in cases where major maintenance or repairs have been done. 9.4.3. Six monthly inspection schedule (Operator's Inspection) a. The operator is responsible for any required inspection and for the selection of a competent person to do the inspection. b. A record of each inspection must be kept at the operators’ premises. After the completion of each inspection the details must be recorded either in a log book or on a computer database. The records must be available on demand for examination by a law enforcement officer.



9.4.3.1. Inspection requirements for the goods containment area of vehicles used for the transport of packaged goods, IBC's, freight containers and portable tanks - General Inspection must be done by a competent person who must ensure that a) the design and construction of the vehicle used for the transport of Dangerous Goods comply with the requirements of SANS 1518. If the vehicle was manufactured before publication of SANS 1518, it must comply with 6.2.1.1, b) the packaged goods vehicle is certified clean and free from contaminants, c) the vehicle is registered for the transport of Dangerous Goods, d) the Dangerous Goods operator card is displayed, and e) in the case where the cab is fixed to the containment area of the vehicle, a designated space (see 3.1.11) for documents has been provided for. 9.4.3.2. Inspection of the goods containment area of a vehicle Inspection of the goods containment area of a vehicle must be done by a competent person who must ensure that - a) there is no corrosion of, or other visible defect in, the goods containment area or its securement that could render the vehicle unsafe for use, b) where appropriate, the accessories carried, such as fastenings and straps, mountings and fittings for securing of freight containers, are of the correct type and fit for use (see SANS 10187), c) the mounting brackets are correctly fitted to each vehicle, to accommodate the appropriate fire extinguishers, d) and if a self-adhesive decal is not used, suitable brackets are fitted to the vehicle to accommodate emergency warning placards in accordance with SANS 10232-1. 9.4.3.3. Inspection requirements for the goods containment area of a road tank vehicle - General a) The minimum inspection and testing schedule must be as given in table E.1. of SANS 10231 b) Before a tanker is submitted to a test station it must be properly cleaned c) Inspection must be done by a competent person who must ensure that i) the design and construction of the tank vehicle comply with SANS 1518. If the tank vehicle was manufactured before the publication of SANS 1518, it must comply with 6.2.1.1 of SANS 10231, ii) the tanker is registered for the transport of Dangerous Goods, iii) the Dangerous Goods operator card is displayed, and iv) in the case where the cab is fixed to the containment area of the vehicle, a designated space for documents has been provided. 9.4.3.4 Inspection of the goods containment area of a tank vehicle Inspection of the goods containment area of a tank vehicle must be done by a competent person, who must ensure that: a) the tank manufacturer's data plate is fitted to the tank, b) there is no corrosion of, or other visible defect in, the tank, mountings or fittings that could render the tanker unsafe for re-use, c) the mounting brackets are correctly fitted to each tanker to accommodate the appropriate fire extinguishers, d) and, if a self-adhesive decal is not used, suitable brackets are fitted to the tanker, to accommodate emergency warning placards in accordance with SANS 10232-1.



A rigid vehicle must be inspected and tested as in the case of a truck-tractor and trailer combination.

Table E.3 — In-house inspection and roadworthiness schedule

1 2 3

Item Truck-tractor Trailer

Tyres

-Inspect condition and tread to the legal minimum depth of 1 mm over whole tread. -Inspect for uniformity of wear over each tyre. -Check for under-inflation and over-inflation. -Check for cuts and cracks in side walls.

Brakes

-Couple up as a rig if truck-tractor or trailer are under test. -Visually check system functioning – travel of push rods and adjustment. -Check system air gauges in cab to manufacturer's specifications. -Check time for air pressure build-up to limit set by manufacturer or by national legislation whichever is the lower. -Check condition of all hoses and couplings throughout rig; check for fluid leaks and air leaks. -Check for severe air loss due to leaking, both when brakes are applied and when brakes are released (also handbrake system). -Carry out rig running tests on unloaded rig. -Check for correct wheel lock-up, where appropriate, when brakes are applied and also when handbrake is applied.

Clutch -Check clutch pedal travel and resistance.

Steering -Check steering wheel for free play and undue resistance. -Check servomechanism, if fitted, for correct operation and for leaks.

Electrical -Ensure that all lamps are working and are in a serviceable condition, and that lenses are clean and not broken. -Check electrical interconnections and wiring throughout for serviceability and securement, inc. indicators & rear lights.

Reflectors Check condition and cleanliness of chevron boards and reflectors throughout.

Under the bonnet

-Visually check for oil, fuel and water leaks. -Check condition and tension of all drive belts. -Check oil level in steering reservoir. -Check brake and clutch oil levels in reservoirs. -Check water level in screen washer reservoir. -Carry out a general inspection of electrical harnesses and connections.

Cab checks (inside cab)

-Check operation of all gauges, warning lights and indicators, including trailer brake lights. -Check securement of all devices: handbrake, foot pedals, steering column fittings, etc. -Check switches: direction indicators and horn, hazard-warning switch, headlights and high/low beam switch, and wiper and washer switches. -Check seat securement. -Check for standard accessories: vehicle jack, jack handle, wheel spanner and warning triangles.

Cab checks (outside

cab)

-Check windscreen wiper blades. -Check rear-view mirrors. -Check condition of cab glass. -Check securement of fuel tank, air reservoirs, exhaust system and wheel nuts. -Check fifth wheel coupling: mountings, securement and wear. -Check battery box: mounting (hold-down clamps), cables and connections, and isolator switch. -Check fire extinguishers (annually, obligatory): whether correctly fitted, sealed and operational, and whether nozzle and hose are in good condition. -Check spare wheel: securement and air pressure.

Trailer (couplings)

Check condition and securement of rubbing plate and kingpin, landing legs, whether operational and complete with handle. Check mounting, condition (wear) and securement of draw-bar hitch, A frame and pins, A bar pivot mountings, turntable ball race, pup trailer 100 mm ball and gooseneck, and pup trailer hitch.

Suspension General visual inspection of all suspension assemblies throughout rig.

Chemical effects

Visually check cargo tanker shells, mountings and frame for deterioration due to chemical reaction.



PART TEN


THE DRIVER

as per

PART 4



and

CHAPTER VIII





10.1 WHAT IS A DRIVER?

National Standard 10231: 2014 establishes rules and procedures for the safe operation and handling of all road vehicles that are used for the transport of Dangerous Goods in accordance with the load constraints. The procedures include requirements for the Operator. Driving of vehicles that carry Dangerous Goods to their respective destinations is the responsibility of both the operator and the driver;

Regulation 277. Duties of operator, driver, consignor and consignee (National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000) 277. (1) The operator, driver, consignor and consignee shall, subject to any provision to the contrary contained in

this Chapter, comply with the requirements with respect to the transportation of Dangerous Goods in or on a vehicle on a public road, as determined in the standard specifications and codes of practice referred to in regulation 273A.

Drivers are thus pointed to SANS 10231: 2014 to reference their duties as drivers of Dangerous Goods vehicles. Definition of "driver" - (National Road Traffic Act, 93 of 1996) 'driver' means any person who drives or attempts to drive any vehicle or who rides or attempts to ride any pedal cycle or who leads any draught, pack or saddle animal or herd or flock of animals, and 'drive' or any like word has a corresponding meaning;

SANS 10231: 2014 Edition 4. Part 4: Responsible Parties

The Driver

Part 4.3.1 Skills and training The driver of a Dangerous Goods vehicle shall a) have a PrDP-D and shall carry it on his person, where required in terms of national legislation (see annex A), b) be fit to drive in terms of the “relevant national legislation”. (See annex A), Amdt 1 c) be able to interpret and implement the instructions on the transport emergency card, and d) receive annual comprehensive theoretical and practical training relevant to the type of vehicle and to the Dangerous Goods which will be assigned to him, including training in the procedures specific to the cargo, for example flammable liquid or toxic corrosive liquid. NOTE The annual training of both light and heavy vehicle drivers is to be conducted by accredited and approved providers.

Definition of "professional driver" - (National Road Traffic Act, 93 of 1996) means the driver of a motor vehicle in respect of which an operator is registered; Definition of "Professional driving permit" (PrDP) - (National Road Traffic Act, 93 of 1996) means a professional driving permit referred to in Chapter IV of the Act Definition of "driving licence" - (National Road Traffic Act, 93 of 1996) means a driving licence referred to in Chapter IV of the Act



10.2 DRIVER DUTIES

SANS 10231: 2014 Part 4.3 A. Pre-journey checks General Before proceeding on the route, the driver shall carry out the checks below: 1. Preliminary checks Before driving to the loading site, the driver shall ensure that a) a valid Dangerous Goods operator card is displayed, as required by national legislation (see annex A), b) the vehicle is, in his opinion, roadworthy, c) at the start of his journey, or after every overnight stop, by going through the checklist as given in Annexure E.2 of SANS 10231, the vehicle is fit for use, and d) the vehicle is free of any product likely to contaminate the load or create a safety hazard. 2. Pre-loading checks At the loading site, before loading is commenced, the driver shall ensure that a) the site appears suitable for the operation, b) the vehicle is positioned as directed for loading, and c) permission has been given for loading to commence. (by the Consignor / Qualified Person) 3. Post loading checks At the loading site, on completion of loading, the driver shall ensure that a) the correct transport emergency card(s) and DGD(s) are stored in the designated space. b) only emergency information documents for the current load and licenses and permits as required by national legislation are stored in the designated space, and all extraneous documentation is removed, c) the necessary safety equipment in accordance with the transport emergency card(s) is on board, d) he understands the information and instructions on the transport emergency card(s), e) the orange warning diamond and placards are in place, and f) the vehicle is not overloaded or under-loaded as to present a safety risk, and the load is properly secured (see 8.1).



E.2 Daily inspection schedule

Table E.2 — Typical daily inspection schedule

1 When you approach the vehicle, – look for water, oil, fuel and other leaks and for bodywork damage at the front of the vehicle. Look for any other obvious faults. 2 Check the conditions at the front of the vehicle: – windscreen, – windscreen wiper arms and blades, – rear-view mirrors, – right-hand and left-hand front white reflectors, – headlamps, – park lamp, indicator lenses and number plate, – license and operator card present on the windscreen. 3 Enter the cab. While you sit, – check all the other gauges and warning lights for correct operation, – depress the service brake a couple of times until the warning buzzer sounds, – stop the engine; keep the service brake pedal depressed and check for leaks of the air system, – check the operation of the clutch pedal and the hooter; check the steering wheel for free play, – check the tachograph for damage, and insert the correct chart, – check that the spare fan belts and the warning triangle(s) are stowed in the cab, – switch on all the lights and leave the cab, – check the parking brake: has it been applied and does it work?, – make sure that the tank is properly filled, – make sure that the gravity meter is secure, – start the engine; check the reading of the oil pressure gauge. Is there any unusual engine noise?, – check the reading of the air pressure gauge; check the build-up time of the air pressure: – max. 12 min in the case of a drawing vehicle; and – max. 8 min in the case of other vehicles. 4 Walk around inspection: – check the security of the fuel filler cap, – check the oil and water levels (on some vehicles this is done from the inside), – check the right-hand and left-hand rear tyres and the wheel nuts (applies to rigid vehicles, tractors and semi-trailers); check the mudguards for damage, – make sure that the two wheel chocks are properly stowed on the rigid chassis of the semi-trailer frame, – make sure that all the lights are operative, and that the reflectors and the chevron are not damaged; –check the rear bumper for damage, and make sure that the registration plate light is operative, – check the stowage of the gravity hose and check for obvious damage (fraying, etc.), – check the security of the fuel filler cap and make sure that the tank is properly filled, – make sure that the gravity meter is secure, – check the right-hand and left-hand front tyres and the wheel nuts; check that the fifth wheel is properly locked (applies to articulated vehicles only), – make sure that the pump meter on the right-hand side of the vehicle is secure. Inspect the pump hose and the nozzle stowed on the tank top on rigid units; check for damage, – make sure that all the manhole lids are correctly closed and locked; check for obvious damage, – check the condition of the air reservoirs and operate the drain valves, – make sure that the yellow side reflectors (if applicable) are fitted and are undamaged, – make sure that the control box for the pneumatic system is secure, – check the locks of the manifold valves, especially for leaks, – make sure that the fire extinguisher is correctly fitted, and check it for obvious damage. Is the inspection date overdue?, – make sure that all the front lights are operative, – make sure that the right-hand and left-hand front and rear indicators are working (get assistance, if possible, to look at the rear indicators), – enter the cab and switch off all the lights, – make sure that the brake lights are operative (get assistance to depress the service brake pedal and check if the lights are operative), and – fill in the logbook and the faults book.



4. En route The driver shall follow the en route procedures given in 5.3 of SANS 10231. 5. Other activities The driver shall at no stage of the transport operation participate in any activity not related to the transport operation. 6. En route procedures (Part 5.3 of SANS 10231) a. The driver shall not allow any passengers or unauthorized persons to be in or on the vehicle at any stage during the journey. b. The driver shall adhere to the agreed route and authorized stopping places, unless directed otherwise by a member of the emergency services. NOTE For recommended time limits for driving periods, see annex F.

c. Where pre-planned stops, for example those required every two hours for tyre and spillage checks, are not in

designated places, the vehicle shall stop only in areas sufficiently far away from the main traffic flow so as not to present a risk to other road users.

d. A vehicle that carries Dangerous Goods shall be under constant supervision while stopped or parked if one or both of the following applies: i) the Dangerous Goods carried have an exempt quantity of 10 kg or 10 L, or less; or ii) any one or more of special provisions O14 to O20 (inclusive) in C.5 applies. e. The opening of packages, unloading or decanting for any reason, for example for axle overloads, shall not be permitted, except in an authorized and properly equipped area under the supervision of a qualified person, and after the operator has been informed. f. In the event of a mechanical breakdown, regulatory warning triangles shall be placed on the road and the operator shall be informed immediately. g. In the event of an incident, the instructions on the transport emergency card(s) shall be followed and all necessary assistance shall be given to the emergency services. The transport emergency card(s) and the DGD(s) shall be handed over to the emergency services when so requested. h. Good driving practice with anticipation of potential problem situations shall be exercised at all times. 7. Cargo Handling and Cargo Securement Cargo securement shall be in accordance with SANS 10187 to minimize the risk of spillage in the event of the vehicle overturning or any other incident.



Annex F

(informative)

"Informative" means that this Annexure or Provision is not compulsory nor can it be enforced.

The times below are thus recommended. In the interests of road safety and driver well-being, the guidelines below should be exercised as part of the "Due Care" Principle of Law.

TIME LIMITS FOR DRIVING PERIODS

F.1 The time limits for driving periods, in respect of a driver of a Dangerous Goods motor vehicle who is not accompanied by a person who is authorized and qualified to drive such vehicle, should be as follows: a) for driving periods 1) a maximum of 5 hours of continuous driving time; and 2) a maximum total of 14 hours of driving time in a period of 24 hours; and b) for resting periods 1) a minimum resting period of 15 min; 2) a minimum resting period with a total of 30 min accumulated during a period of 5,5 hours; and 3) a minimum continuous resting period of 9 hours in a period of 24 hours. F.2 The time limits, in respect of a driver of a Dangerous Goods motor vehicle who is accompanied by a person who is authorized and qualified to drive such a vehicle and who alternates with the driver of such vehicle, should be as follows: a) the driving/rest cycle of an alternate driver should not exceed 30 hours; and b) where the driving/rest cycle of the alternate driver referred to in (a) above 1) exceeds 15 hours but does not exceed 20 hours, such period should be followed by a period of unbroken rest of 10 hours; and 2) exceeds 20 hours, such period should be followed by a period of unbroken rest of 12 hours. F.3 A vehicle that is being driven by two drivers as described in F.2 should, where the period in F.2(a) exceeds 15 hours, be provided with adequate sleeping accommodation.

SINGLE DRIVER - 14 hours in 24 hours START 1st rest 2nd rest Long Rest F.1: 5 hours continuous driving 5 hours continuous driving 4 hours continuous driving REST: hours continuous driving 30 min 5 hours continuous driving 30 min 4 hours continuous driving 9 hrs

DUAL DRIVERS - 30 to 40 Hours START 1st swop 2nd swop 3rd Swop Driver 1 Driver 2 Driver 1 F.2: 5 hours continuous driving 5 hours continuous driving 5 hours continuous driving Driver 2 rests Driver 1 rests Driver 2 rests 4th swop 5th swop Long Rest our Driver 2 Driver 1 Driver 2 5 hours continuous driving 5 hours continuous driving 5 hours continuous driving Driver 1 rests Driver 2 rests Driver 1 rests 10+ hrs continuous driving



10.3

PROFESSIONAL DRIVING PERMIT (PrDP)


Part IV Professional Driving Permit

Definition of "Professional driving permit" means a professional driving permit referred to in Chapter IV

115. Certain drivers of certain vehicles to hold professional driving permit 115. (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (2), a professional driving permit shall be held by the driver of— (a) a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms; (f) a motor vehicle the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms to which regulations 273 to 283 apply as contemplated in regulation 274;

[G.N. G.N. R.727 has put sub-regulation (1)(f) into operation on 3 August 2001]

[Sub-regulation. (1)(f) substituted by R.25, G.N. R.881 w.e.f. 23 July 2004]

COMMENT: The implication of Regulation 115 (f) is that all drivers of heavy motor vehicles (HMV) carrying Dangerous Goods must have a PrDP category D. Although vehicles with a GVM of less than 3,500 kg normally do not require a Category G (goods), or a Category D (Dangerous Goods), there are still some law enforcement officers who misinterpret Regulation 115 and 116 and issue traffic fines to drivers of Light Delivery Vehicles loaded with Dangerous Goods. It has been known to happen that drivers of Light Delivery Vehicles are sometimes detained unnecessarily by some law enforcement officers until a driver with a category D PrDP is brought to the vehicle. RECOMMENDATIONS: In order to avoid delays, late delivery of loads and wasted time spent on convincing Traffic Court Prosecutors that they do not need a PrDP category D, it is recommended that such drivers apply for and acquire a category D PrDP in any event. All drivers must in any event be trained in this Unit Standard (123259) "Convey Dangerous Goods By Road" and are expected to carry proof of such training in order to present such proof when requested to do so by law enforcement officers. A driver training card is issued along with the certificate of competence and letter of result. Drivers must carry the card at all times when driving vehicles carrying Dangerous Goods over exempt quantities. Even when a vehicle is not loaded, carrying the card at all times ensures that drivers are always ready to collect loads, especially when sent at the last moment to collect unidentified loads which could turn out to be Dangerous Goods loads.



116. Categories of, and authority conveyed by, professional driving permit

116. (1) Professional driving permits are divided in the following categories:

(a) Category “G”, which authorises the driving of a motor vehicle as referred to in regulation 115(1)(a) and (b);

G = GOODS VEHICLES > 3500 kg GVM (b) category “P”, which authorises the driving of a motor vehicle referred to in regulation 115(1)(a), (b),

(c), (d), (e) and (g); and P = MINIBUSES (12+ SEATS), BUSES (19+ SEATS), 12+ PASSENGERS, ANY No OF

PASSENGERS CARRIED FOR REWARD (c) category “D”, which authorises the driving of a motor vehicle referred to in regulation 115(1). D = DANGEROUS GOODS VEHICLES > 3500kg GVM

[G.N. R.727 has put sub-regulation (1)(c) into operation on 3 August 2001]

(2) For the purpose of sub-regulation (1), the term "driving” shall include the driving of a motor vehicle

drawing another motor vehicle, the last named of which is a motor vehicle as contemplated in regulation 115(1).

(3) The authority provided by a professional driving permit only applies in respect of a vehicle for which the

holder holds a valid driving licence.

117. Disqualification from obtaining professional driving permit

117. A professional driving permit shall not be issued by a driving licence testing centre—

(a) unless the applicant is in possession of a valid driving licence for a motor vehicle in respect of which the permit is applied for;

(aA) unless, in the case of an application for a category “P” and “D” professional driving permit, the applicant is of the age of 21 years and 25 years, respectively, or over;

(b) unless a registered medical practitioner or occupational health practitioner has examined the applicant to determine whether or not he or she is disqualified from driving a motor vehicle as contemplated in section 15(1)(f) of the Act, and has certified the applicant to be medically fit on form MC as shown in Schedule 2 not more than 2 months prior to the date of the application;

(c) if the applicant has, within a period of five years prior to the date of the application, been convicted of or has paid an admission of guilt on —

(i) driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or a drug having a narcotic effect;

(ii) driving a motor vehicle while the concentration of alcohol in his or her blood or breath exceeded a statutory limitation;

(iii) reckless driving; or

(iv) in the case of an application for a category “P” and “D” permit, an offence of which violence was an element;

(d) during any period for which a professional driving permit or driving licence held by the applicant has been suspended or if such permit or licence has been cancelled; or

(e) unless, from a date to be determined by the Minister by notice in the Gazette, the applicant for a category “D” permit holds a certificate obtained from an approved training body as contemplated in regulation 280, not more than six months prior to the date of application.

[G.N. R.727 has put sub-regulation (e) into operation on 3 August 2001]

[Sub-regulation (e) substituted by R.36(b), G.N. R.1341 w.e.f. 25 September 2003]



118. Application for professional driving permit 118. (1) The driver of a vehicle contemplated in regulation 115(1) shall apply at a driving licence testing centre for

a professional driving permit on form PD1 as shown in Schedule 2. (2) An application referred to in sub-regulation (1) shall be accompanied by—

(a) the fee for an application for a professional driving permit as prescribed by the MEC of the province

concerned; (b) acceptable identification of the applicant; (c) two photographs of the applicant that comply with regulation 103(1); (d) the original driving licence which authorises the applicant to drive a motor vehicle to which his or

her application for a professional driving permit relates; (dA) from the date referred to in regulation 117(e), the training certificate referred to in the said

regulation, if applicable;

[G.N. R.727 has put sub-reg (2)(dA) into operation on 3 August 2001]

(e) the medical certificate on form MC as shown in Schedule 2; and (f) any other professional driving permit or public driving permit already held by the applicant.

(3) Upon receipt of an application made in terms of this regulation, the testing centre shall—

(a) ensure that the application is in order with reference to regulation 117 and sub-regulation (2); (aA) ensure that the applicant is not disqualified as contemplated in section 15 of the Act read with

regulation 102.

[Sub-reg (3)(aA) inserted by R.33, G.N. R.2116 w.e.f. 5 October 2001]

(b) verify that the photographs submitted are those of the applicant; and (c) record the application on the register of professional driving permits and verify from such register

that the applicant is not subject to a suspension or cancellation of any driving licence or professional driving permit held by him or her.

(4) If the driving licence testing centre is satisfied that the application is in order, it shall request the officer in charge of the nearest South African Police Service station for a report of the convictions identified in regulation 117(c), if any, recorded against the applicant and for the purpose of such report, any member of the South African Police Service may take the finger and palm prints of the applicant.

120. Professional driving permit remains in force after application

120. (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of Regulation 122(1), where the holder of a professional driving permit has applied for a new professional driving permit in the manner contemplated in Regulation 122(2) on or before the expiry of the professional driving permit held by such person and the professional driving permit or a driving licence of the person concerned has not been suspended or cancelled, that permit shall remain valid until such the new professional driving permit has been issued in terms of Regulation 119(3) or until such holder is notified that his or her application for a new professional driving permit has been refused in terms of Regulation 125(4) but not for more than four months after the expiry date of such professional driving permit.

(2) The provisions of sub-regulation (1) shall only apply if the holder of the professional driving permit is in

possession of the professional driving permit previously issued to him or her and proof of the fees paid in terms of Regulation 118(2) for a new professional driving permit as contemplated in Regulation 122(2).

[Reg. 120 substituted by R.37, G.N. R.1341 w.e.f. 25 September 2003]

[Reg. 120 substituted by R.26, G.N. R.881 w.e.f. 23 July 2004]



10.4

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR DRIVERS

HOW DO HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES AND TOXINS GET INTO A PERSON'S BODY? Hazardous chemical and toxic substances toxins can enter the systems of the human body in the following ways: ABSORPTION: Occurs through the surface skin or other absorbent areas of the body (e.g. mucous membranes in the mouth, nose and throat, and the surface of the eyes and eyelids). Different parts of the body absorb faster than others. Substances can penetrate quickly through parts of the body where skin is the thinnest. The following areas of the body are of most concern: The head, face and eyes, neck, armpits, groin, genital areas and under the feet. Broken skin due to injuries is also problematic. By wiping the forehead when sweating, rubbing the yes or scratching in the ear with dirty hands can spread contamination to the skin and into the body. INHALATION: Occurs by the breathing in of smoke, mist, gas, fumes or vapours emitted by certain substances. Breathing follows a path via the mouth or nose into the lungs. Substances are then absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream and spread around the body where target organs are damaged. INGESTION: Occurs by swallowing substances through the mouth to the stomach. Failing to wash hands after handling hazardous chemical substances can result in the ingestion of the substance. Eating, drinking or smoking can result in hazardous substances entering the body via the stomach lining and intestines into the bloodstream and subsequent damage to target organs such as the liver, kidneys, heart, brain, thyroid gland and spleen.. INJECTION: Occurs when a puncture wound is inflicted on a person with a needle or similar sharp object (e.g. metal or glass). Substances are injected directly into the bloodstream, muscles or organs. Once we know the possible route of entry of substances, we can prevent contamination by the following methods: CONTROL METHOD OUTCOME EFFICACY 1. ELIMINATION - We no longer use a substance at all; 100% 2. TRANSFER - We pass the hazard to someone else to deal with; 100% 3. SUBSTITUTION - We use a less hazardous substance in the place of the original; 90% 4. ENGINEERING - We use physical controls such as machines to handle a product; 80% 5. ADMINISTRATE - We employ safe working procedures and training to decrease risks; 60% 6. PPE / PPC - We use specialised clothing and equipment as a barrier. 40% PPE - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PPC - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Employers must provide employees with all available means of protection and apply as many controls as may be practicable to ensure the safety of employees.

Always refer to the MSDS of substances to determine the specifications of the Personal Protective clothing or equipment recommended by the manufacturer of the substance.

Employers must ensure that there are MSDS's available to all persons having any contact with HCS.

Workplace signage such as the Mandatory Symbolic Safety Signs must be obeyed at all times in all workplaces.



PART ELEVEN


THE CONSIGNEE

as per

PART 4

South African National Standard (SANS) 10231: 2014 Transport of Dangerous Goods — Operational requirements for road vehicles

and

CHAPTER VIII





11.1 WHAT IS A CONSIGNEE?

National Standard 10231: 2014 establishes rules and procedures for the safe operation and handling of all road vehicles that are used for the transport of Dangerous Goods in accordance with the load constraints. The procedures include requirements for the Consignee. Off-loading of the Dangerous Goods is the responsibility of the consignee.

Regulation 277. Duties of operator, driver, consignor and consignee (National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000) 277. (1) The operator, driver, consignor and consignee shall, subject to any provision to the contrary contained in

this Chapter, comply with the requirements with respect to the transportation of Dangerous Goods in or on a vehicle on a public road, as determined in the standard specifications and codes of practice referred to in regulation 273A.

Definition of "consignee" - (SANS 10231: 2014) as defined in the relevant national legislation (National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000)

Definition of "consignee" - (National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000)

“consignee” means the person who accepts Dangerous Goods which have been transported in a vehicle referred to in regulation 274(1);

SANS 10231: 2014 Edition 4. Part 4: Responsible Parties

The Consignee (Part 4.5 of SANS 10231) 4.5.1 The consignee shall be responsible for the offloading of the Dangerous Goods. 4.5.2 The consignee shall provide the qualified person to carry out the offloading procedures (unless otherwise agreed upon amongst the responsible parties).

COMMENT 1: When a load of Dangerous Goods arrives at a Consignee, that person or company has the choice of either accepting the load (complies with all relevant legislation) or not accepting the load (does not comply with all relevant legislation) COMMENT 2: Consignees must nominate, train and appoint Qualified Persons in writing, unless a written agreement exists between the Consignee and the Operator. In such an agreement, the Operator undertakes to utilise the driver to fill the role of a Qualified Person for off-loading. However, when drivers collect Dangerous Goods such as contaminated drums, gas cylinders, etc the Consignee becomes a Consignor in any event, and all the requirements of a Consignor now apply. Careful planning must be done when delivery of full packages and collection of "notionally empty" packages occurs. DGD's must be issued for the trip in BOTH DIRECTIONS, where Consignors and Consignees exchange roles when goods are offloaded and other goods loaded at a specific address.



11.2 CONSIGNEE DUTIES

Requirements that relate to offloading operations (SANS 10231: 2014 Part 4.4.4.) The qualified person (either the consignee's employee or the driver) shall ensure that a) the cargo is correct and undamaged and there is no obvious spillage, b) the load is refused if he/she is in doubt as to whether the goods can be offloaded without risk, c) the offloading operation does not proceed, if, for any reason, he/she considers it unsafe, d) in the case of bulk deliveries,

1) there is sufficient space in the tanks or bins into which the cargo is to be unloaded and that they are in a fit condition to receive the load;

2) the flow can be stopped immediately in case of leakage or any other emergency; and 3) after offloading, the vehicle is free from spillage and all valves are closed, e) in the case of a part load, the remaining cargo is properly secured, f) after offloading, the documents reflect the change in load, (documents removed from Designated Space and placarding is changed/removed where necessary) g) after offloading no residue remains on the vehicle and that the vehicle is free of contamination, COMMENT: Many companies are very reluctant to clean vehicles belonging to other Operators. This reluctance leads to a situation where residue remaining on vehicles is allowed to spread to the road environment due to wind and the movement of the vehicle. The public and the environment are exposed to the substance/s. The legal consequences for allowing such exposure will be leveled at both Operator and Consignee, since neither takes the necessary measures to prevent such exposure or spread of contamination. Operators and Consignees may face both criminal and civil liability in such a case and the fines imposed by the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) are extremely severe. The Department of Labour will also become involved since such contamination or exposure resulted from activities in a workplace, with the related punitive measures imposed by the Occupational Health and Safety Act. and h) if after offloading the vehicle cannot be certified clean, the placards remain until cleaning of the vehicle is possible.



PART TWELVE

DANGEROUS GOODS

VEHICLE COMPLIANCE

as per

CHAPTER VIII

National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000 TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND SUBSTANCES BY ROAD

and

South African National Standard (SANS) 1518: 2011 - Edition 4

Transport of Dangerous Goods — Design, construction, testing, approval and maintenance of road vehicles and portable tanks

read in conjunction with the

European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR)

and

SANS 1157: 2013 Edition 1 Transport of Dangerous Goods — Inspection requirements of road vehicles for the issue

of municipal Dangerous Goods transport permits

and

Relevant Municipal Emergency Services By-Laws



12.1 WHAT IS VEHICLE COMPLIANCE?

Vehicles loaded with Dangerous Goods (exceeding Exempt Quantities for Single or Mixed Loads) must be fitted with certain safety equipment and signage in order to comply with relevant legislation. LEGISLATION APPLICABLE TO DANGEROUS GOODS VEHICLES 1. National Road Traffic Act, 93 of 1996 and Regulations, 2000 2. National Standards (1518, 10232, 1157) 3. Municipal Emergency Services By-Laws (Dangerous Goods Transport Permits) In addition to the requirement that vehicle are properly registered and licensed, and that vehicles are maintained in a 100% roadworthy condition, there are additional prescribed signage and equipment requirements for Dangerous Goods vehicles. Once all such prescribed signage and equipment is correctly fitted, vehicles must be registered at the relevant local license department as a "Category D" or "Dangerous Goods Carrier". After such registration, vehicles must be submitted for an inspection at the designated Fire Department inspection centre and if the Fire Department (Chief Fire Officer) is satisfied that vehicles meet all the requirements of SANS 1157: 2013 - Transport of Dangerous Goods — Inspection requirements of road vehicles for the issue of municipal Dangerous Goods transport permits, then a Dangerous Goods Transport Permit, valid for 12 months will be issued and must be displayed on the windscreen of Dangerous Goods vehicles in the prescribed manner (left). The requirements for registration as Category D apply to all Dangerous Goods carriers, irrespective of size or GVM. 142. Certain classes of motor vehicles requiring roadworthy certificate 142. (1) A roadworthy certificate shall be required for— (a) a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms;

(b) a breakdown vehicle; (bA) a motor vehicle to which regulations 273 to 283 apply in terms of regulation 274: Provided that this provision shall become effective to motor vehicles with a gross vehicle

mass of 3 500 kilograms and under, as from 1 December 2001;

[Para. (bA) inserted by R.2, G.N. R.726 w.e.f. 3 August 2001]

COMMENT: Regulation 142 (bA) requires that LIGHT DELIVERY VEHICLES must also have an annual ROADWORTHY test conducted and a Certificate of Fitness issued to the vehicle. 265. Classes of motor vehicles in respect of which operator to be registered 265. (1) An operator shall be registered in respect of a –

(a) goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of which exceeds 3 500 kilograms; (b) breakdown vehicle, and (c) motor vehicle to which regulations 273 to 283 apply as contemplated in regulation 274;

COMMENT: Regulation 265 (c) requires that Operators of LIGHT DELIVERY VEHICLES must also register as Operators and display an Operator Card on the windscreen (left).



266. Categories of, and authority conveyed by, operator card 266. (1) The categories of operator cards and the authority conveyed thereby are: (a) Category "G", which authorises the operation of a goods vehicle, the gross vehicle mass of

which exceeds 3 500 kilograms and a breakdown vehicle, on a public road; (b) Category "D", which authorises the driving of a motor vehicle to which regulations 273 to 283 apply as contemplated in regulation 274, on a public road; 273A. Incorporation of standards

273A. Standard Specifications: SABS 1398 “Road tank vehicles for petroleum-based flammable liquids” and SABS 1518 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods - design requirements for road tankers”, and Codes of Practice (National Standards): SABS 0228 “The identification and classification of dangerous substances and goods”, SABS 0229 “Packaging of Dangerous Goods for road and rail transportation in South Africa”, SABS 0230 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods - Inspection requirements for road vehicles”, SABS 0231 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods - Operational requirements for road vehicles”, SABS 0232-1 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods -Emergency information systems”, Part 1: “Emergency

information system for road transportation”, SABS 0232-3 “Transportation of Dangerous Goods -Emergency information systems”, Part 3: “Emergency

action codes” and SABS 0233 “Intermediate bulk containers for dangerous substances” are incorporated into these regulations by notice published by the Minister in the Gazette;

[G.N. R.727 has put regulation 273A into operation on 3 August 2001]

NOTE: All references to "SABS" are now referred to as "SANS"

SANS 1157:2013

Edition 1

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Transport of Dangerous Goods — Inspection requirements of road vehicles for the issue of municipal Dangerous Goods transport permits

This standard is compiled to provide guidance to the Municipal Fire Brigade Services officers when inspecting Dangerous Goods road vehicles for the issue of annual Municipal Dangerous Goods Transport permits in terms of Municipal by-laws and the Fire Brigade Services Act and Regulations. This document was published in March 2013. This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 1060A, National committee for standards for Dangerous Goods including hazardous chemical substances and Dangerous Goods waste – Design and construction of vehicles, tanks and accessories for the transport of Dangerous Goods, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.



1 2 3 4 Description of inspection requirments Legal reference Requirements guideline

A Panel van or light delivery vehicle (less than 3 500 kg GVM)

1.1

Where a vehicle is used to transport Dangerous Goods, the driver shall be separated by means of a shield that would protect the driver from any product, liquid or vapour that could be generated by the product that is transported in such vehicle. NOTE Only applicable after twelve months from date of initial publication of this standard.

SANS 1518

The cab will be separated from the cargo containment area by an effective bulkhead. A factory-fitted rear windscreen may be used in the rear bulkhead of an LDV cab, but shall not be of the sliding type.

1.2 Fire extinguisher ─ External SANS 1518 1 x 9 kg DCP or 2 × 4,5 kg DCP.

1.3 Fire extinguisher ─ Service label SANS 1518 Legible, not expired (see SANS 1475-1).

1.4 Fire extinguisher ─ Charge state SANS 1518 Pressure gauge on green.

1.5 Fire extinguisher ─ Cylinder, seal and hose SANS 1518 In good condition and seal intact.

1.6 Fire extinguisher ─ Holder SANS 1518 Quick release and accessible.

1.7 Dangerous Goods Warning Diamond or suitable bracket in place to secure diamond SANS 10232-1 Orange in colour, minimum size 100 mm × 100 mm fitted to front of vehicle, only displayed when loaded or unpurged.

1.8 Valid Dangerous Goods Operator Card displayed SANS 10231 Disc shall be marked - G, D (D for Dangerous Goods)

1.9 Dangerous Goods document holder (orange, accessible and fixed inside the cab) SANS 10231

Designated space-container, of colour orange and marked with the word “DOCUMENTS” in black, and shall be permanently fixed in a clearly visible space near the centre of the cab so as to be easily accessible from either door or through a broken front window. NOTE The construction of the container and type of material used are not prescribed.

1.10 Where applicable sufficient and adequate ventilation in loading area - Packages shall preferably be loaded in open or ventilated vehicles or containers.

1.11

Body sides at the rear and both sides of the vehicle to be at least 600 mm high or stowage area for Dangerous Goods to be in compliance with SANS 10187-8 . NOTE Body sides are only required if transporting gas cylinders or unsecured dangerous goods.

SANS 1518

Goods and packages shall be secured such that they do not fall off the vehicle, even in the event of a vehicle collision or overturning. Evidence of load securement equipment shall be presented on vehicle at time of inspection.

1.12 Dangerous Goods placards 350 mm x 200 mm on both sides and on the rear of the vehicle or suitable brackets are in place to secure placarding.

SANS 10232-1

Minimum size permitted and the full placard including the 5 mm black border of the placard shall be clearly visible from the road side. Placarding shall be clean, legible and not defaced. Placarding shall only be displayed when the vehicle is loaded or unpurged.

1.13 No smoking, No naked flame and No cellular phone symbolic safety signs of 150 mm x 150 mm to be mounted on both sides and on the rear of the vehicle.

relevant national legislation

(see foreword) Signs shall be in accordance with SANS 1186-1.




B Truck Tractor 1.1 Fire extinguisher ─ External SANS 1518 1 x 9 kg DCP or 2 × 4,5 kg DCP.





1.6 Dangerous Goods Warning Diamond or suitable bracket in place to secure diamond SANS 10232-1 Orange in colour 250 mm x 250 mm on the front of cab fitted to front of vehicle, only displayed when loaded or unpurged

1.7 Exhaust ─ Outlet (flammables and explosives vehicles only) SANS 1518

Where the thermal screen does not afford the required protection, additional shields shall be fitted to prevent any product spillage from making contact with any hot part of the exhaust system. The shielding shall be designed and fitted in such a manner that the surface temperature remains lower than 200 °C. Where unshielded sections of the exhaust system have surface temperatures that remain below 200 °C, no additional shielding is required.

1.8 Valid Dangerous Goods Operator Card displayed relevant national

legislation (see foreword)

Disc shall be marked - G, D (D for Dangerous Goods)



1.10 Battery housed in an insulated and ventilated battery box SANS 1518

The battery terminals shall be electrically insulated or covered by an insulating battery box cover. If the batteries are not located under the engine bonnet, they shall be fitted in a vented box.

1.11

Battery-isolator/s mounted on the vehicle. WARNING: THE ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEM MAY BE DAMAGED WHEN THE ISOLATOR/S IS/ARE OPERATED INDISCRIMINATELY.

SANS 1518

A switch for breaking the electrical circuits shall be placed as close to the battery as practicable. NOTE This switch can be remotely operated i.e. from within the driver’s cab.

1.12 Battery-isolator label clearly visible with the on/off position indicated. SANS 1518 It shall be readily accessible to the driver and be distinctively marked.




C Rigid vehicles (GVM equal to or above 3,500 kg) – Bulk rigid tank trucks to include 1.8, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12 below 1.1 Fire extinguisher ─ External SANS 1518 1 x 9 kg DCP or 2 × 4,5 kg DCP.








1.7 Dangerous Goods Warning Diamond or suitable bracket in place to secure diamond SANS 10232-1 Orange in colour 250 mm x 250 mm on the front of cab fitted to front of vehicle, only displayed when loaded or unpurged



1.9 Sufficient and adequate ventilation in loading area - Packages shall preferably be loaded in open or ventilated vehicles or containers.

1.10 Battery housed in an insulated and ventilated battery box SANS 1518 The battery terminals shall be electrically insulated or covered by an insulating battery box cover. If the batteries are not located under the engine bonnet, they shall be fitted in a vented box.

1.11

Battery-isolator/s mounted on the vehicle. WARNING: THE ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEM MAY BE DAMAGED WHEN THE ISOLATOR/S IS/ARE OPERATED INDISCRIMINATELY.

SANS 1518

A switch for breaking the electrical circuits shall be placed as close to the battery as practicable. NOTE This switch can be remotely operated i.e. from within the driver’s cab.

1.12 Battery-isolator label clearly visible with the on/off position indicated. SANS 1518 It shall be readily accessible to the driver and be distinctively marked.

1.13

Body sides at the rear and both sides of the vehicle to be at least 600 mm high or stowage area for Dangerous Goods to be in compliance with SANS 10187-8 . NOTE Body sides are only required if transporting gas cylinders or unsecured Dangerous Goods.

SANS 1518


1.14 Dangerous Goods placards of 700 mm × 400 mm mounted on both sides and the rear of the vehicle or suitable brackets are in place to secure placarding.

SANS 10232-1





1.16 Two wheel chocks of sufficient strength and made from non-sparking material. SANS 1518 Each vehicle in a combination shall be provided with two wheel chocks of sufficient strength and made from non-sparking material. Wheel chocks are not required to be fitted to a truck tractor.




D Tanker trailers and bulk rigid tank trucks (Bulk rigid tank trucks to include C1.8, C1.10, C1.11, C1.12 above)

1.1 Tank construction certification and documentation relevant national


Manufacturer’s plate to be affixed to vehicle indicating construction standard/code and the relevant national legislation, as applicable (see foreword).

1.2 Tank leaks SANS 10231 No obvious leaks

1.3 Fire extinguisher ─ External SANS 1518 1 x 9 kg DCP or 2 × 4,5 kg DCP.








1.9 Dangerous Goods Warning Diamond or suitable bracket in place to secure diamond on rigid tank truck

SANS 10232-1 Orange in colour 250 mm x 250 mm on the front of cab fitted to front of vehicle, only displayed when loaded or unpurged


SANS 10232-1





1.12 Pipes and fittings not to project beyond sides or ends of vehicle SANS 1518 Service equipment shall be so arranged as to be protected against the risk of being wrenched off or damaged during handling and transport.

1.13 Rear bumper suitable to protect tank or pipes (or both) from collision SANS 1518 Suitable rear under-run protection

1.14 The chassis, tank, piping covers and associated equipment interconnected to ensure electrical continuity (bonding) for flammable liquids and flammable gases

SANS 1518 Tanks will be mounted such that the electrical conductivity between the tank and the wheels will not exceed 10 Ω and that between the tank and the road surface will be less than 106 Ω.

1.15 Two clearly marked earthing points (one on each side of the vehicle), for flammable liquids and flammable gases

SANS 1518 The following equipment shall be clearly labeled with regard to their function and operating positions: earth lugs and bonding reels.

1.16 Two wheel chocks of sufficient strength and made from non-sparking material. SANS 1518

Each vehicle in a combination shall be provided with two wheel chocks of sufficient strength and made from non-sparking material. Wheel chocks are not required to be fitted to a truck tractor.

1.17 Yearly inspection certificate as per SANS 10231 SANS 10231 A certificate, letter or job card verifying compliance with inspections as carried out by competent person, duly authorized.




E Skeletal or goods trailers 1.1 Fire extinguisher ─ External SANS 1518 1 x 9 kg DCP or 2 × 4,5 kg DCP.








1.7

Body sides at the rear and both sides of the vehicle to be at least 600 mm high or stowage area for Dangerous Goods to be in compliance with SANS 10187-8 . NOTE Body sides are only required if transporting gas cylinders or unsecured Dangerous Goods.

SANS 1518



SANS 10232-1





IMPORTANT NOTE:

DCP Fire Extinguishers must be serviced every SIX months as per SANS 1475-1: 2010

DCP = "Dry Chemical Powder"



DANGEROUS GOODS VEHICLE COMPLIANCE CHECK LIST (ADR) (to be performed DAILY and kept on record for 2-3 years by Operators)

APPLICABLE TO ALL DANGEROUS GOODS VEHICLES as per SANS 10231:2014

No ITEM AND DESCRIPTION √ X COMMENTS

1

Vehicle roadworthy (C.O.F.) and displays correct Operator Card “D” or “DG” and is valid by date

2 Driver “Proof of training” Card, valid 3 Driver’s License and PrDP – Category “D”, valid 4 Copy of Driver’s Medical Certificate, (if available) 5 Brackets and correct Placards (x3)

5.1 1 placard on the RIGHT side of each vehicle 5.2 1 placard on the LEFT side of each vehicle 5.3 1 placard at the REAR of each vehicle 6 Danger Warning Diamond, front (Orange) 7 No Smoking Decals (Right, Left, Rear) 8 No Open Flames Decals (Right, Left, Rear) 9 No Cell phone Decals (Right, Left, Rear)

10 Fire Extinguishers & quick-release brackets 10.1 Correct number, type and size ( 2x 9 Kg, DCP ) 10.2 Service dates not exceeded (six monthly) 10.3 Accessible to driver/crew during fires 11 Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment (as per relevant MSDS)

11.1 Body Protection (specified type) 11.2 Hand Protection (specified type) 11.3 Eye / Face Protection (specified type) 11.4 Foot Protection (specified type) 11.5 Lung / Respiratory Protection (specified type) 11.6 Head Protection (specified type) 12 Hazchem Spill Kit (checklist in kit also checked) 13 Dangerous Goods Transport Documentation (as per SANS 10231 and 10232)

13.1 Document holder (Designated Space) 13.2 Compatibility Chart for mixed loads used 13.3 Transport Emergency card/s (TREMCARD) 13.4 Dangerous Goods Declaration/s (DGD) 13.5 MSDS (if available), to accompany load

19 Route discussed and agreed verbally 20 Valid Municipal DG Transport Permit

21 Valid Explosive/Radioactive/Waste Permit (if applicable)

* mark only if applicable/relevant

Additional Notes: ____________________________________________________________________________

Vehicle Reg: ____________________________Trailer(1): ___________________________ Trailer(2): _____________________________

Driver Name and Surname: ____________________________________________________ ID No: _____________________________

Drivers License Code:____________________ Expiry date: ____________________________________

PrDP Categories: _________________________ Expiry date: ____________________________________

Time out: ___________* Time in: ___________ * *ODOMETER: Km out: ___________ Km in: _________



PART THIRTEEN

DANGEROUS GOODS

FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRST AID

as per

CHAPTER VIII

National Road Traffic Regulations, 2000 TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND SUBSTANCES BY ROAD

and

South African National Standard (SANS) 1518: 2011 - Edition 4

Transport of Dangerous Goods — Design, construction, testing, approval and maintenance of road vehicles and portable tanks

read in conjunction with the

European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR)

and

SANS 1157: 2013 Edition 1 Transport of Dangerous Goods — Inspection requirements of road vehicles for the issue

of municipal Dangerous Goods transport permits

and

Relevant Municipal Emergency Services By-Laws



13.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Vehicles conveying Dangerous Goods must be equipped with prescribed portable fire extinguishers of the Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) type. References to this effect can be found in the following South African National Standards:

13.1.1. SANS 1518: 2011 Edition 4

Transport of Dangerous Goods —

Design, construction, testing, approval and maintenance of road vehicles and portable tanks

Part B:

B.1.8 Fire extinguishers B.1.8.1 Vehicles shall be fitted with the following portable, dry powder type fire extinguishers (or an equivalent capacity of any other suitable extinguishing agent suitable for inflammability classes A, B and C: a) truck tractors – 1 x 9 kg minimum external fire extinguisher; b) freight carriers (with fixed or demountable tanks or for packaged goods), – 2 x 9 kg minimum external fire extinguishers; c) trailers – 2 x 9 kg minimum external fire extinguishers; d) light motor vehicle (less than 3500 kg GVM) - 2 x 4.5 kg or 1 x 9 kg. B.1.8.2 All fire extinguishers shall be mounted in easily accessible, quick-release holders, in an area where they are protected against negative environmental and operational influences such as corrosive products. Horizontal or vertical mounting shall be avoided to prevent compaction of the powder- extinguishing agent. B.1.8.3 All fire extinguishers shall be provided with a) a seal verifying that the extinguisher has not been used, b) a gauge or indicator that clearly indicates whether the extinguisher is ready for use at the required operating charge pressure, c) a label showing last test date, period of validity and next test date. The label shall be applied in a position where it shall remain legible for the entire validity period, and d) a mark indicating compliance with SANS 1910 for powder type extinguishers and SANS 1567 for CO2 extinguishers (SANS 1910, Portable refillable fire extinguishers. B.1.8.4 The fire extinguishers shall be maintained, tested and labelled periodically in accordance with SANS 1475-1. (SANS 1475-1, The production of reconditioned fire-fighting equipment Part 1: Portable and wheeled (mobile) rechargeable fire extinguishers.)



13.1.2.

SANS 10231: 2014 Edition 4 –

Transport of Dangerous Goods — Operational requirements for road vehicles 4.4.2 Requirements that relate to loading and offloading operations The qualified person shall ensure that the following safety precautions are adhered to: a) ...Vehicle fire extinguishers (where required in terms of national legislation) to be placed where not provided by the loading/offloading point;... 6.2.2.2 Inspection of the goods containment area of a vehicle c) the mounting brackets are correctly fitted to each vehicle, to accommodate the appropriate fire extinguishers...

13.2 HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

There is a high chance of your encountering an out-of-control fire at least once in your life, so knowing how to use a fire extinguisher is an important skill to be able to call upon in an emergency. This section explains the process of using a fire extinguisher in an actual fire emergency. NOTE: Most Transport Emergency Cards discourage drivers from fighting major fire involving the load. This task should be left to the responding Fire Department in the area of the incident. Small-scale fires involving the load or the vehicle can be fought, with regard to the merits of each situation and only if safe to do so. If any doubt exists about the risks associated with any fire, or the fuel is of unknown description, then it is best to evacuate the immediate area and call for assistance from the closest Emergency Services.

10 STEPS TO FIGHTING A FIRE SUCCESSFULLY 1. Call for help before attempting to extinguish any serious or large fire. (10177 - 112) The fire may take hold much faster than you're capable of dealing with it, and if help is on the way, it removes one less concern for you. 2. Check for your own safety before starting to extinguish a fire. There are some key things to check for before you start fighting a fire using a fire extinguisher: Are you physically capable of extinguishing a fire? Some people have physical limitations that might diminish or eliminate their ability to properly use a fire extinguisher. People with disabilities, older adults, or children may find that an extinguisher is too heavy to handle or it may be too difficult for them to exert the necessary pressure to operate the extinguisher. Look for your exit route. Ensure that there is a clear exit path for immediate escape from the burning vehicle should this become necessary. At all times, keep your mind focused on the availability of a safe escape route. If this is threatened at all, evacuate the area immediately. Do not attempt to put out a fire where it is emitting toxic smoke; if you suspect or simply don't know if the smoke is toxic, leave it to the professionals. Always stand UPWIND of a fire so that wind carries smoke away from you, and never towards you. If you inhale any smoke or fumes, immediately evacuate and once at a safe distance, sit or lie down and seek medical attention if you have any difficulty breathing. If you have more than one fire extinguisher, consider asking another mature and responsible person to use it in tandem with you. NB: Remember that life is more important than property, so don't place yourself or others at risk.



3. Assess the fire. Only a contained fire should be fought using a fire extinguisher. Portable fire extinguishers are valuable for immediate use on small fires because they contain a limited amount of extinguishing material, which needs to be properly or it will be wasted. By the time the fire has spread, however, these actions will not be adequate, and only trained fire fighters can safely extinguish such fires. Make a quick commonsense assessment about the utility and safety of using a fire extinguisher for the fire you're experiencing. Obviously, a fire extinguisher is overkill for a candle but it's useless when the whole vehicle is on fire. Use your instincts. If your instincts tell you the fire's too dangerous to tackle, trust them. 4. Check the type of extinguisher (Class ABC - Dry Chemical Powder Type) Class A: This is suitable for cloth, wood, rubber, paper, various plastics, and regular combustible fires. Class B: This is suitable for grease, gasoline or oil-based fires. Class C: This is suitable for electrical fires caused by appliances, tools, and all electrically energized objects. 5. Ready the fire extinguisher. Almost all fire extinguishers have a safety pin in the handle. This pin usually looks like a plastic or metal ring, sometimes coloured red, that is held in place by a plastic seal. The distinctive features will vary depending on the type of fire extinguisher you have. You must break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle before you can use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever, which discharges the fire extinguishing agent. It helps if you ensure that you're familiar with how your fire extinguisher works before being placed under pressure; take time to read over its instructions after you've read this article. Familiarize yourself with its special features and parts. Different extinguishers rely on different methods of use: be aware of this in advance of having to use them. 6. Aim for the base of the fire. Spraying into the flame is a waste of the fire extinguisher, as you're not putting out the source of the flames. It's vital to stop the fire at its source, or to remove or dampen the fuel from the fire, in order to put it out. By focusing the extinguisher's spray at the base of the fire or the source, you're extinguishing the fuel source. 7. Remember the simple acronym P.A.S.S. to help you use the fire extinguisher effectively. P.A.S.S. stands for: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep, explained below the printable diagram.



Pull the safety pin from the handle. The pin is located at the top of the fire extinguisher. Once removed, it releases the locking mechanism, allowing you to discharge the extinguisher. Aim the extinguisher nozzle or hose at the base of the fire. As explained, this removes the source or fuel of the fire. Keep yourself low. Squeeze the handle or lever slowly to discharge the agent. Letting go of the handle will stop the discharge, so keep it held down. Sweep side to side over the fire until expended. The sweeping motion helps to extinguish the fire. Stand several meters back from the fire: fire extinguishers are manufactured for use from a distance. The fire may flare up somewhat as extinguishing begins due to the flames being pushed away from the burning material (the real target) by the agent and gust of propellant. Do not be alarmed so long as it dies back promptly. 8. BEWARE: a typical fire extinguisher only contains around 15 – 30 seconds of extinguishing power. If the extinguisher has already been discharged partially, this time will be less. 9. Tend to the area if you have successfully put out the fire. This means not leaving it alone, as it might re-ignite without warning. If it is safe to do so, remove fuel sources and commence cleaning up. Water can be used to ensure there are no remaining sparks in materials that are safe to extinguish with water (most combustibles other than oils and other insoluble combustible liquids or places involving electricity). The fire department could help you ensure the fire is completely extinguished. If you're legally obliged to report fires to local authorities, then do so, especially if filing for an insurance claim. 10. Purchase a new fire extinguisher immediately or refill and service old fire extinguishers. The old one is now depleted and will serve no further purpose. Do not allow an empty extinguisher to be present where it could create the false impression of being a good extinguisher. A multi-purpose extinguisher is best for a Dangerous Goods vehicle; check that it is labelled according to SABS requirements. Some fire extinguishers can be recharged;

GENERAL TIPS FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Immediately replace the extinguisher if it needs recharging or is damaged in any way.

Service Fire Extinguishers on vehicles every SIX MONTHS as per SANS 1475-1

Fire extinguishers need to be regularly checked to ensure that: - The extinguisher is not blocked by anything that might limit access in an emergency.

- The pressure is at the recommended level. Some extinguishers have gauges that indicate when the pressure is too high or too low.

- All parts are operable and not damaged or restricted in any way. Make sure hoses and nozzles are free of insects or debris. There should not be any signs of damage or abuse, such as dents or rust, on the extinguisher.

- The outside of the extinguisher is clean. Remove any oil or grease that might accumulate on the exterior.

Pressure test the extinguisher (a process called hydrostatic testing) after a specified number of years to ensure that the cylinder is safe to use. Find out from your servicing agent when an extinguisher may need this type of testing.

Shake dry chemical extinguishers once a month to prevent the powder from settling or packing.



13.3 First Aid for Chemical Exposure

Do you know the appropriate first aid measures to take in the event of exposure to hazardous chemicals? Do employees and drivers know what to do in the event of exposure?

Here are some common first aid techniques to use for different types of chemical exposures.

The first aid for chemical exposure discussed here is appropriate for the majority of chemicals. However, it is important to read the chemical’s label and material safety data sheet (MSDS) in order to determine exact first-aid procedures to apply. The first aid is dependent upon where the exposure occurs: Eyes. If a chemical splashes into your eyes, flush your eyes with water. Go to an eye wash station, hold your eyelids open, and flush your eyes for about 15 minutes. If your workplace has bottles of eyewash available, hold your eyes open and use the water in the bottle to flush your eyes. Skin. If a chemical splashes onto your skin, immediately wash that area with soap and water to remove the chemical as soon as possible. Remove any clothing that was also splashed. If you keep the clothing on, the chemical will remain against your skin and cause further damage. Inhalation. If you begin to feel the symptoms associated with breathing chemicals, such as dizziness, upset stomach, etc., then get away from that work area and get some fresh air. Swallowing. If you accidentally swallow a chemical, you will need to seek medical assistance. First aid for swallowing or ingesting a chemical will vary. Read the label or MSDS. Some MSDS's suggest you drink water, others suggest milk, others suggest vomiting, others say to avoid vomiting. In all cases, seek medical help right away.

Seek medical help Chemicals may cause serious damage not only to the outside of the body, but also to the inside. If absorbed into the bloodstream, chemicals may launch a silent attack on the kidneys or liver. Seek medical help if any of the following is true:

A chemical has come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. The Material Safety Data Sheet calls the chemical hazardous or likely to cause damage.

The container label warns of corrosive contents, which can wear away skin. The chemical causes a large burn.

There is difficulty breathing after exposure.

While you wait for help to arrive:

1. Reassure the person, if conscious.

2. Provide rescue breathing or CPR, if needed.

3. Maintain an open airway

4. Let patient lie in the recovery position (on his/her side) if stable and breathing

5. Record vital signs and personal details of patient on paper