De Mystifying Accessibility

8/10/2019 De Mystifying Accessibility

1/32

Manesh Samuel John

Dr Saim Ali Soomro.

MBBS,MCCM


2/32

All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility

Accessibility is for Blind People


3/32


Accessibility is for the Disabled


4/32


RIGHT

Accessibility is for EVERYONE!


5/32


As per the dictionary, Accessibility means:

Convenience

Easy of access

User-friendliness

Easy of understanding

Easy of use

Persons with disabilities are the most hit with

accessibility issues!

So whats Accessibility?


6/32


Its about time we do some reality check on the term

disabled!

Disabled = Everyone!

HEARING

Deaf: cant hear

Hard-of-hearing or hearing impaired:

can hear only with amplification or can

hear in one ear only

VISION

Blind: cant seeVisually-impaired: cant read small type or

distinguish certain colors

Color-blind: cant distinguish certain

colors

MOBILITY

Physical disability: unable to move one or

more limbs, fingers, or toes

Motor skills impairment:

unable to press one key at a time, unableto press a key without duplicate

keystrokes, unable to use a mouse

LEARNING

Dyslexia: difficulty with reading


7/32All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility

People using a wheel chair

Those using a white cane

Those wearing hearing aids Those using crutches

Lets look at some real life examples

Forgetting glasses at home - finding it complicated to work on the computer With age, each one of us acquires some sort of disabilities including;

memory loss,

hard-of-hearing,

deteriorating vision ,

adversity in climbing stairs, etc

These are the first instances that come to our mind! But what about..

In our every day life we all face impairments, activity limitations, and

participations!



Disability is a socially created problem and not anattribute of an individual

So the point is ...



1 out of every 5 people in the United States has alearning disability

Did You Know


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Louis_braille.svg



Normal Protanopia

Deuteranopia Tritanopia



Worldwide - 314 million visually impaired, 45 million of them are blind.

Old people, and females are more at risk at every age

87% of the visually impaired live in developing countries

Reduction in infectious diseases causing blindness, but age-related

impairment is increasing

Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness globally, except in themost developed countries.

About 85% of all visual impairment is avoidable globally

1 in 12 people suffer from some sort of color deficiency

Did You Know



One in five have a hearing difficulty or impairment.

Did You Know

Source: MS Forrester Report 2004


16/32


Do not use computers

Unable to use computers

Do not need a computer

Senior CitizensSilver Surfers

Changing rapidly!


17/32


Who is your target audience?


18/32


Is your audience male or female, old or young?


19/32

D ff f il ?


20/32


Does user suffer from epilepsy?

Your users may suffer from epilepsy - 3 flashes

within one second can cause a seizure

About 1 in every 200 people have Epilepsy

Wh b ibili ?


21/32


Why care about accessibility?

750 million people

in the world are disabled


22/32


How do people use the web?

M d K b d


23/32


Mouse and Keyboard

M bil Ph


24/32


Mobile Phone

A i ti T h l


25/32


Assistive Technology


26/32


What is Assistive Technology (AT)?

AT refers to any "product, device, or equipment,

whether acquired commercially, modified or

customized, that is used to maintain, increase, orimprove the functional capabilities of individuals

with disabilities."

Source: http://www.section508.gov/docs/AT1998.html

N il Cli ith M ifi


27/32


Nail Clipper with Magnifier

Assist people with:

Limited hand movementsLow vision

Also works for cutting nails of new

born.

M ld bl S Li id I di t


28/32


Moldable Spoon Liquid Indicator

Assist people with:

Limited hand moment

Hand tremors

Assist people with:Blindness

Low vision

Long Handle Comb Writing Bird


29/32


Long Handle Comb Writing Bird

Assist people with:

Limited hand movement

Loop Handle Zipper


30/32


Loop Handle Zipper

Assist people with:

Difficulty in grasping and pulling

Legislations and Regulations


31/32


Legislations and RegulationsCountry Legislation WCAG Compliance

USA Rehabilitation Act, Section 504 (USA, 1973)

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (USA, 1990)Title II & Title III

Amended Section 255 of the Communications Act (USA, 1996)Rehabilitation Act Amendment, Section 508 (USA, 1998)

Section 508 Partial

United

Kingdom

Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 (UK, 1995)

Disability Rights Commission (DRC) published a Code of Practice for

Rights of Access Goods, Facilities, Services and Premises (UK, 2002)

DRC Published Code of Practice for Website Accessibility (PAS78) (UK,

2006)

PAS78 refers to the

WCAG Guidelines

Australia Disability Discrimination Act (1992)

WWW Accessibility (Disability) Policy (Australia, 2000)

WCAG 2.0 Level AA

Canada Canadian Human Rights Act (Canada, 1977)

Employment Equity Act (Canada, 1995)

Ontarians with Disabilities Act (Ontario, Canada, 2001)

Common Look and Feel Standards for the Internet (Canada, 2006)

WCAG 1.0 P1 and P2

Germany Ordinance on Barrier Free Information Technology or BITV (Germany,

2002)

BITV has two priorities &

14 standards, based on

the WCAG 1.0 Guidelines

European

Union

Unified Web Evaluation Methodology 1.0 (2006) WCAG 2.0

Web Accessibility Quick Fixes


32/32

Color and Contrast - Provide sufficient color contrast for the foreground and background colorcombinations.

Color cant be used as a sole indicator of meaning

Font Sizes - Make your default font size reasonably big (at least 10 point) so that very few usershave to resort to manual overrides.

Icons and Texts for Better Context

Sensory Characteristics - Do not use size, shape or location to provide any information

Different heading levels should be appropriately used.

Alt text inclusion for images is critical and should be null for spacer images and for images that areincluded with same anchor tag for a textual link.

Expansion for abbreviationsis essential

Keyboard access is very critical, considering that there could be few users who wouldnt be usingmouse at all.

Skip to Main Content should be available.

Row and Column headers should be provided for all data tables, tags.

Descriptive and informative page titles

Ensure all hyperlinksuse descriptive and meaningful text, avoiding short-hand language like

'Click here';

Captionsmust be provided for any multimedia (audio/visual) content

Avoid Flickering - Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker with a frequencygreater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.

Web Accessibility Quick Fixes

Documents

De Mystifying Accessibility