Demographic Proﬁle: Vidalia fileDecennial 2010 Proﬁle VIDALIA SEX AND AGE Number Percent Total population 10,473 100.0% Under 5 years 867 8.3% 5 to 9 years 748 7.1% 10 to 14 years

Demographic Profile:Vidalia

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2013-17 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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VIDALIA Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

80−84

75−79

70−74

85 and over

65−69

20−24

35−39

25−29

40−44

60−64

50−54

55−59

15−19

30−34

45−49

5−9

10−14

Under 5

400 200 0 200 400

Males

Females

Vidalia

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile VIDALIA

Race and Latino Origin

52%41%

1%5% 1%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Vidalia

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

27%

19%

43%

11%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Vidalia

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

40%

25%

35%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Vidalia

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

43%

42%

14%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Vidalia

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 10,473 100.0%

Under 5 years 867 8.3%5 to 9 years 748 7.1%10 to 14 years 752 7.2%15 to 19 years 734 7.0%20 to 24 years 588 5.6%25 to 29 years 623 5.9%30 to 34 years 642 6.1%35 to 39 years 619 5.9%40 to 44 years 598 5.7%45 to 49 years 667 6.4%50 to 54 years 717 6.8%55 to 59 years 661 6.3%60 to 64 years 596 5.7%65 to 69 years 475 4.5%70 to 74 years 362 3.5%75 to 79 years 304 2.9%80 to 84 years 232 2.2%85 years and over 288 2.7%

Median age (years) 37.3 (X)

16 years and over 7,949 75.9%18 years and over 7,634 72.9%21 years and over 7,265 69.4%62 years and over 2,022 19.3%65 years and over 1,661 15.9%

Male population 4,759 45.4%Under 5 years 461 4.4%5 to 9 years 372 3.6%10 to 14 years 356 3.4%15 to 19 years 373 3.6%20 to 24 years 270 2.6%25 to 29 years 293 2.8%30 to 34 years 281 2.7%35 to 39 years 290 2.8%40 to 44 years 265 2.5%45 to 49 years 304 2.9%50 to 54 years 358 3.4%55 to 59 years 301 2.9%60 to 64 years 261 2.5%65 to 69 years 193 1.8%70 to 74 years 142 1.4%75 to 79 years 113 1.1%80 to 84 years 63 0.6%85 years and over 63 0.6%


16 years and over 3,504 33.5%18 years and over 3,341 31.9%21 years and over 3,140 30.0%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 732 7.0%65 years and over 574 5.5%

Female population 5,714 54.6%Under 5 years 406 3.9%5 to 9 years 376 3.6%10 to 14 years 396 3.8%15 to 19 years 361 3.4%20 to 24 years 318 3.0%25 to 29 years 330 3.2%30 to 34 years 361 3.4%35 to 39 years 329 3.1%40 to 44 years 333 3.2%45 to 49 years 363 3.5%50 to 54 years 359 3.4%55 to 59 years 360 3.4%60 to 64 years 335 3.2%65 to 69 years 282 2.7%70 to 74 years 220 2.1%75 to 79 years 191 1.8%80 to 84 years 169 1.6%85 years and over 225 2.1%


16 years and over 4,445 42.4%18 years and over 4,293 41.0%21 years and over 4,125 39.4%62 years and over 1,290 12.3%65 years and over 1,087 10.4%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 10,473 100.0%

One Race 10,354 98.9%White 5,686 54.3%Black or African American 4,267 40.7%American Indian and Alaska Native 24 0.2%Asian 145 1.4%

Asian Indian 75 0.7%Chinese 20 0.2%Filipino 24 0.2%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 4 0.0%Vietnamese 18 0.2%Other Asian 4 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 5 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 5 0.0%

Some Other Race 227 2.2%Two or More Races 119 1.1%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 15 0.1%White; Asian 10 0.1%White; Black or African American 58 0.6%White; Some Other Race 17 0.2%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 5,789 55.3%Black or African American 4,331 41.4%American Indian and Alaska Native 52 0.5%Asian 163 1.6%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 5 0.0%Some Other Race 255 2.4%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 10,473 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 479 4.6%Mexican 363 3.5%Puerto Rican 28 0.3%Cuban 9 0.1%Other Hispanic or Latino 79 0.8%

Not Hispanic or Latino 9,994 95.4%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 10,473 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 479 4.6%White alone 212 2.0%Black or African American alone 22 0.2%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 3 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 206 2.0%Two or More Races 36 0.3%

Not Hispanic or Latino 9,994 95.4%White alone 5,474 52.3%Black or African American alone 4,245 40.5%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 21 0.2%Asian alone 145 1.4%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 5 0.0%Some Other Race alone 21 0.2%Two or More Races 83 0.8%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 10,473 100.0%

In households 10,238 97.8%Householder 4,162 39.7%Spouse 1,669 15.9%Child 3,180 30.4%

Own child under 18 years 2,400 22.9%Other relatives 785 7.5%

Under 18 years 385 3.7%65 years and over 92 0.9%

Nonrelatives 442 4.2%Under 18 years 41 0.4%65 years and over 25 0.2%

Unmarried partner 220 2.1%

In group quarters 235 2.2%Institutionalized population 195 1.9%

Male 25 0.2%Female 170 1.6%

Noninstitutionalized population 40 0.4%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 27 0.3%Female 13 0.1%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 4,162 100.0%

Family households (families) 2,706 65.0%With own children under 18 years 1,257 30.2%

Husband-wife family 1,669 40.1%With own children under 18 years 653 15.7%

Male householder, no wife present 177 4.3%With own children under 18 years 71 1.7%

Female householder, no husband present 860 20.7%With own children under 18 years 533 12.8%

Nonfamily households 1,456 35.0%Householder living alone 1,310 31.5%

Male 482 11.6%65 years and over 131 3.1%

Female 828 19.9%65 years and over 446 10.7%

Households with individuals under 18 years 1,471 35.3%Households with individuals 65 years and over 1,189 28.6%

Average household size 2.46 (X)Average family size 3.08 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 4,691 100.0%

Occupied housing units 4,162 88.7%Vacant housing units 529 11.3%

For rent 225 4.8%Rented, not occupied 30 0.6%For sale only 60 1.3%Sold, not occupied 44 0.9%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 50 1.1%All other vacants 120 2.6%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 2.7 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 10.0 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 4,162 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 2,157 51.8%Population in owner-occupied housing units 5,234 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.43 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 2,005 48.2%Population in renter-occupied housing units 5,004 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.50 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

VIDALIA ACS 2013-17 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Vidalia Montgomery County Toombs County Heart of Georgia Altamaha Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2013-17 Profile VIDALIA

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

Family households (families) 2,738 ±249 65.7% ±4.2With own children of the householder under 18 years 1,281 ±265 30.7% ±6.0

Married-couple family 1,844 ±256 44.2% ±5.4With own children of the householder under 18 years 768 ±180 18.4% ±4.1

Male householder, no wife present, family 56 ±41 1.3% ±1.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 21 ±23 0.5% ±0.6

Female householder, no husband present, family 838 ±189 20.1% ±4.3With own children of the householder under 18 years 492 ±193 11.8% ±4.6

Nonfamily households 1,431 ±272 34.3% ±6.1Householder living alone 1,292 ±249 31.0% ±5.665 years and over 568 ±154 13.6% ±3.6

Households with one or more people under 18 years 1,424 ±189 34.2% ±4.0Households with one or more people 65 years and over 1,116 ±163 26.8% ±3.5

Average household size 2.49 ±0.16 (X) (X)Average family size 3.12 ±0.35 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 10,365 ±150 10,365 (X)

Householder 4,169 ±369 40.2% ±3.5Spouse 1,782 ±259 17.2% ±2.5Child 3,307 ±325 31.9% ±3.1Other relatives 719 ±236 6.9% ±2.3Nonrelatives 388 ±249 3.7% ±2.4

Unmarried partner 85 ±85 0.8% ±0.8

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 3,635 ±258 3,635 (X)

Never married 930 ±238 25.6% ±6.3Now married, except separated 1,994 ±292 54.9% ±7.0Separated 116 ±87 3.2% ±2.4Widowed 124 ±69 3.4% ±1.9Divorced 471 ±166 13.0% ±4.5

Females 15 years and over 4,584 ±228 4,584 (X)Never married 1,242 ±242 27.1% ±5.1Now married, except separated 2,003 ±270 43.7% ±5.5Separated 109 ±86 2.4% ±1.9Widowed 680 ±179 14.8% ±3.8Divorced 550 ±162 12.0% ±3.5

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

119 ±64 119 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 80 ±57 67.2% ±31.4Per 1,000 unmarried women 63 ±43 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 48 ±25 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±97 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 92 ±46 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±31 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

351 ±147 351 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 183 ±132 52.1% ±30.6Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 18 ±37 5.1% ±10.31 or 2 years 130 ±125 37.0% ±32.13 or 4 years 13 ±14 3.7% ±3.75 or more years 22 ±32 6.3% ±8.7

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

183 ±132 183 (X)

Who are female 109 ±79 59.6% ±4.2Who are married 155 ±128 84.7% ±34.1

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 2,811 ±367 2,811 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 222 ±130 7.9% ±4.5Kindergarten 124 ±74 4.4% ±2.6Elementary school (grades 1-8) 1,382 ±266 49.2% ±7.0High school (grades 9-12) 489 ±175 17.4% ±5.8College or graduate school 594 ±215 21.1% ±7.1

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 6,992 ±356 6,992 (X)

Less than 9th grade 703 ±251 10.1% ±3.69th to 12th grade, no diploma 743 ±230 10.6% ±3.2High school graduate (includes equivalency) 2,439 ±390 34.9% ±5.3Some college, no degree 1,295 ±259 18.5% ±3.6Associate’s degree 409 ±143 5.8% ±2.0Bachelor’s degree 719 ±207 10.3% ±2.9Graduate or professional degree 684 ±177 9.8% ±2.5

Percent high school graduate or higher 79.3% ±6.9 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 20.1% ±3.8 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 7,875 ±337 7,875 (X)

Civilian veterans 667 ±165 8.5% ±2.1

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 10,409 ±144 10,409 (X)With a disability 1,597 ±292 15.3% ±2.8

Under 18 years 2,689 ±395 2,689 (X)With a disability 145 ±106 5.4% ±3.9

18 to 64 years 6,248 ±460 6,248 (X)With a disability 775 ±209 12.4% ±3.2

65 years and over 1,472 ±225 1,472 (X)With a disability 677 ±173 46.0% ±9.5

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 10,459 ±119 10,459 (X)

Same house 8,489 ±729 81.2% ±6.9Different house in the U.S. 1,963 ±683 18.8% ±6.5

Same county 1,376 ±615 13.2% ±5.9Different county 587 ±296 5.6% ±2.8Same state 441 ±246 4.2% ±2.4Different state 146 ±165 1.4% ±1.6

Abroad 7 ±11 0.1% ±0.1

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 10,603 ±103 10,603 (X)

Native 9,747 ±294 91.9% ±2.6Born in United States 9,618 ±797 90.7% ±7.5State of residence 7,021 ±546 66.2% ±5.1Different state 2,597 ±581 24.5% ±5.5

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

129 ±120 1.2% ±1.1

Foreign born 856 ±299 8.1% ±2.8

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 856 ±299 856 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 227 ±64 26.5% ±11.9Not a U.S. citizen 629 ±298 73.5% ±23.5

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 985 ±299 985 (X)

Native 129 ±127 129 (X)Entered 2010 or later 23 ±36 17.8% ±21.7Entered before 2010 106 ±121 82.2% ±48.5

Foreign born 856 ±299 856 (X)Entered 2010 or later 18 ±55 2.1% ±6.4Entered before 2010 838 ±318 97.9% ±14.6

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

856 ±299 856 (X)

Europe 19 ±21 2.2% ±2.3Asia 174 ±31 20.3% ±8.0Africa 0 ±20 0.0% ±2.3Oceania 0 ±20 0.0% ±2.3Latin America 597 ±295 69.7% ±24.4Northern America 66 ±78 7.7% ±8.7

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 9,858 ±238 9,858 (X)

English only 8,651 ±526 87.8% ±4.9Language other than English 1,207 ±356 12.2% ±3.6

Speak English less than ’very well’ 630 ±256 6.4% ±2.6Spanish 966 ±333 9.8% ±3.4Speak English less than ’very well’ 539 ±225 5.5% ±2.3

Other Indo-European languages 43 ±90 0.4% ±0.9Speak English less than ’very well’ 27 ±81 0.3% ±0.8

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 198 ±81 2.0% ±0.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 64 ±68 0.6% ±0.7

Other languages 0 ±35 0.0% ±0.4Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±60 0.0% ±0.6

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 10,603 ±103 10,603 (X)

American 1,132 ±350 10.7% ±3.3Arab 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Czech 6 ±10 0.1% ±0.1Danish 20 ±32 0.2% ±0.3Dutch 65 ±58 0.6% ±0.5English 805 ±311 7.6% ±2.9French (except Basque) 263 ±207 2.5% ±2.0French Canadian 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2German 343 ±138 3.2% ±1.3Greek 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Hungarian 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Irish 574 ±177 5.4% ±1.7Italian 133 ±104 1.3% ±1.0Lithuanian 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Norwegian 38 ±45 0.4% ±0.4Polish 114 ±106 1.1% ±1.0Portuguese 11 ±35 0.1% ±0.3Russian 21 ±28 0.2% ±0.3Scotch-Irish 146 ±99 1.4% ±0.9Scottish 52 ±47 0.5% ±0.4Slovak 31 ±51 0.3% ±0.5Subsaharan African 109 ±150 1.0% ±1.4Swedish 34 ±40 0.3% ±0.4Swiss 14 ±26 0.1% ±0.2Ukranian 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Welsh 2 ±4 0.0% ±0.0West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

With a computer 3,018 ±307 72.4% ±5.7With a broadband Internet subscription 2,699 ±294 64.7% ±5.7

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 8,173 ±310 8,173 (X)

In labor force 4,785 ±519 58.5% ±6.0Civilian labor force 4,746 ±518 58.1% ±5.9Employed 4,143 ±499 50.7% ±5.8Unemployed 603 ±218 7.4% ±2.7

Armed Forces 39 ±102 0.5% ±1.2Not in labor force 3,388 ±417 41.5% ±4.9

Civilian labor force 4,746 ±518 4,746 (X)Unemployment Rate 12.7% ±4.4 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 4,552 ±224 4,552 (X)In labor force 2,446 ±376 53.7% ±7.8

Civilian labor force 2,446 ±376 53.7% ±7.8Employed 2,223 ±373 48.8% ±7.8

own children of the householder under 6 years 756 ±227 756 (X)All parents in family in labor force 500 ±200 66.1% ±17.4

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 1,684 ±319 1,684 (X)All parents in family in labor force 1,332 ±368 79.1% ±15.9

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 4,044 ±458 4,044 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 3,104 ±435 76.8% ±6.3Car, truck, or van – carpooled 619 ±282 15.3% ±6.8Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 21 ±25 0.5% ±0.6Walked 51 ±44 1.3% ±1.1Other means 92 ±77 2.3% ±1.9Worked at home 157 ±105 3.9% ±2.6

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 18.4 ±3.5 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 4,143 ±499 4,143 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 1,168 ±256 28.2% ±5.2Service occupations 871 ±268 21.0% ±6.0Sales and office occupations 1,038 ±275 25.1% ±5.9Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

610 ±232 14.7% ±5.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 456 ±173 11.0% ±4.0

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 4,143 ±499 4,143 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 241 ±182 5.8% ±4.3Construction 353 ±195 8.5% ±4.6Manufacturing 374 ±155 9.0% ±3.6Wholesale trade 113 ±67 2.7% ±1.6Retail trade 621 ±216 15.0% ±4.9Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 391 ±151 9.4% ±3.5Information 12 ±28 0.3% ±0.7Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 122 ±82 2.9% ±1.9Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

327 ±142 7.9% ±1.9

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 809 ±233 19.5% ±1.9Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

211 ±124 5.1% ±2.9

Other services, except public administration 191 ±105 4.6% ±2.5Public administration 378 ±190 9.1% ±4.4

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 4,143 ±499 4,143 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 2,909 ±424 70.2% ±5.7Government workers 928 ±271 22.4% ±6.0Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 306 ±127 7.4% ±2.9Unpaid family workers 0 ±28 0.0% ±0.7

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INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2017 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)Less than $10,000 607 ±160 14.6% ±3.7$10,000 to $14,999 288 ±136 6.9% ±3.2$15,000 to $24,999 776 ±215 18.6% ±5.0$25,000 to $34,999 389 ±203 9.3% ±4.8$35,000 to $49,999 614 ±198 14.7% ±4.8$50,000 to $74,999 812 ±231 19.5% ±4.8$75,000 to $99,999 217 ±110 5.2% ±2.6$100,000 to $149,999 228 ±103 5.5% ±2.5$150,000 to $199,999 143 ±79 3.4% ±1.9$200,000 or more 95 ±59 2.3% ±1.4Median household income (dollars) 35,756 ±6,576 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 55,720 ±9,188 (X) (X)

With earnings 2,910 ±271 69.8% ±4.7Mean earnings (dollars) 62,034 ±11,919 (X) (X)

With Social Security 1,529 ±242 36.7% ±5.3Mean Social Security income (dollars) 16,526 ±814 (X) (X)

With retirement income 690 ±191 16.6% ±4.5Mean retirement income (dollars) 21,004 ±4,514 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 307 ±115 7.4% ±2.7Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 6,839 ±1,098 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 103 ±85 2.5% ±2.0Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) 599 ±172 (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 959 ±195 23.0% ±4.4

Families 2,738 ±249 2,738 (X)Less than $10,000 224 ±114 8.2% ±4.1$10,000 to $14,999 67 ±64 2.4% ±2.3$15,000 to $24,999 515 ±201 18.8% ±7.2$25,000 to $34,999 394 ±216 14.4% ±7.8$35,000 to $49,999 321 ±138 11.7% ±4.9$50,000 to $74,999 573 ±188 20.9% ±6.6$75,000 to $99,999 192 ±106 7.0% ±3.8$100,000 to $149,999 220 ±103 8.0% ±3.7$150,000 to $199,999 143 ±79 5.2% ±2.8$200,000 or more 89 ±58 3.3% ±2.1Median family income (dollars) 46,168 ±6,662 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 70,863 ±13,885 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 22,624 ±4,288 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 1,431 ±272 1,431 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 18,777 ±6,128 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 26,119 ±4,032 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 22,075 ±3,776 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

42,704 ±8,487 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

31,685 ±1,321 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 10,409 ±144 10,409 (X)With health insurance coverage 8,252 ±690 79.3% ±6.5With private health insurance 5,219 ±613 50.1% ±5.9With public coverage 4,084 ±591 39.2% ±5.7No health insurance coverage 2,157 ±414 20.7% ±4.0

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 2,836 ±352 2,836 (X)No health insurance coverage 155 ±77 5.5% ±2.6

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 6,101 ±356 6,101 (X)In labor force: 4,541 ±423 4,541 (X)Employed: 3,960 ±451 3,960 (X)With health insurance coverage 3,024 ±448 76.4% ±7.2With private health insurance 2,672 ±472 67.5% ±9.1With public coverage 449 ±186 11.3% ±4.5No health insurance coverage 936 ±291 23.6% ±6.8

Unemployed: 581 ±212 581 (X)With health insurance coverage 74 ±65 12.7% ±10.2With private health insurance 66 ±63 11.4% ±10.0With public coverage 8 ±12 1.4% ±2.0No health insurance coverage 507 ±198 87.3% ±12.1

Not in labor force: 1,560 ±249 1,560 (X)With health insurance coverage 1,065 ±237 68.3% ±10.6With private health insurance 519 ±186 33.3% ±10.7With public coverage 678 ±202 43.5% ±10.9No health insurance coverage 495 ±190 31.7% ±11.1

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 20.6% ±6.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 27.9% ±10.0 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only29.7% ±35.4 (X) (X)

Married couple families 10.2% ±6.2 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 16.5% ±11.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±21.5 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 43.6% ±11.8 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 44.4% ±15.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only49.6% ±41.9 (X) (X)

All people 27.0% ±6.5 (X) (X)Under 18 years 31.5% ±6.8 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 31.5% ±11.4 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 42.3% ±18.5 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 27.2% ±10.6 (X) (X)

18 years and over 25.5% ±4.2 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 26.3% ±4.9 (X) (X)65 years and over 22.4% ±6.8 (X) (X)

People in families 24.6% ±7.3 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 38.5% ±2.6 (X) (X)

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Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 4,806 ±279 4,806 (X)

Occupied housing units 4,169 ±270 86.7% ±2.5Vacant housing units 637 ±192 13.3% ±3.9

Homeowner vacancy rate 5.7 ±4.5 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 5.3 ±4.9 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 4,806 ±279 4,806 (X)

1-unit, detached 3,243 ±293 67.5% ±4.71-unit, attached 76 ±67 1.6% ±1.42 units 543 ±200 11.3% ±4.13 or 4 units 170 ±108 3.5% ±2.25 to 9 units 351 ±142 7.3% ±2.910 to 19 units 98 ±90 2.0% ±1.920 or more units 183 ±108 3.8% ±2.2Mobile home 142 ±71 3.0% ±1.5Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.4

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 4,806 ±279 4,806 (X)

Built 2014 or later 3 ±10 0.1% ±0.2Built 2010 to 2013 136 ±90 2.8% ±1.9Built 2000 to 2009 268 ±142 5.6% ±2.9Built 1990 to 1999 486 ±172 10.1% ±2.9Built 1980 to 1989 1,360 ±333 28.3% ±6.7Built 1970 to 1979 1,039 ±253 21.6% ±5.1Built 1960 to 1969 769 ±208 16.0% ±4.2Built 1950 to 1959 308 ±131 6.4% ±2.7Built 1940 to 1949 343 ±133 7.1% ±2.7Built 1939 or earlier 94 ±77 2.0% ±1.6

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 4,806 ±279 4,806 (X)

1 room 51 ±49 1.1% ±1.02 rooms 74 ±75 1.5% ±1.63 rooms 280 ±117 5.8% ±2.44 rooms 872 ±203 18.1% ±4.15 rooms 1,135 ±311 23.6% ±6.36 rooms 985 ±241 20.5% ±4.97 rooms 587 ±187 12.2% ±3.88 rooms 347 ±128 7.2% ±2.69 rooms or more 475 ±170 9.9% ±3.5Median rooms 5.5 ±0.3 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 4,806 ±279 4,806 (X)

No bedroom 51 ±49 1.1% ±1.01 bedroom 398 ±113 8.3% ±2.32 bedrooms 1,194 ±227 24.8% ±4.53 bedrooms 2,301 ±287 47.9% ±5.34 bedrooms 666 ±156 13.9% ±3.15 or more bedrooms 196 ±100 4.1% ±2.1

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HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

Owner-occupied 2,023 ±301 48.5% ±6.5Renter-occupied 2,146 ±249 51.5% ±5.0

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.63 ±0.52 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.35 ±0.16 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

Moved in 2015 or later 598 ±202 14.3% ±4.8Moved in 2010 to 2014 1,440 ±288 34.5% ±6.5Moved in 2000 to 2009 1,183 ±218 28.4% ±4.9Moved in 1990 to 1999 619 ±198 14.8% ±4.6Moved in 1980 to 1989 130 ±69 3.1% ±1.6Moved in 1979 or earlier 199 ±77 4.8% ±1.8

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

No vehicles available 678 ±177 16.3% ±4.11 vehicle available 1,653 ±293 39.6% ±6.52 vehicles available 1,148 ±275 27.5% ±6.43 or more vehicles available 690 ±181 16.6% ±4.2

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

Utility gas 248 ±101 5.9% ±2.4Bottled, tank, or LP gas 25 ±38 0.6% ±0.9Electricity 3,764 ±305 90.3% ±4.4Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.5Coal or coke 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.5Wood 86 ±88 2.1% ±2.1Solar energy 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.5Other fuel 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.5No fuel used 46 ±51 1.1% ±1.2

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.5Lacking complete kitchen facilities 108 ±91 2.6% ±2.2No telephone service available 58 ±46 1.4% ±1.1

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 4,169 ±270 4,169 (X)

1.00 or less 4,008 ±480 96.1% ±9.71.01 to 1.50 148 ±132 3.6% ±3.21.51 or more 13 ±41 0.3% ±1.0

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 2,023 ±301 2,023 (X)

Less than $50,000 268 ±125 13.2% ±5.8$50,000 to $99,999 509 ±198 25.2% ±9.0$100,000 to $149,999 541 ±163 26.7% ±7.0$150,000 to $199,999 308 ±113 15.2% ±5.1$200,000 to $299,999 239 ±116 11.8% ±5.5$300,000 to $499,999 139 ±89 6.9% ±4.3$500,000 to $999,999 19 ±26 0.9% ±1.3$1,000,000 or more 0 ±35 0.0% ±1.7Median (dollars) 116,900 ±11,234 (X) (X)

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MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 2,023 ±301 2,023 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 1,158 ±236 57.2% ±8.0Housing units without a mortgage 865 ±168 42.8% ±5.3

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 1,158 ±236 1,158 (X)

Less than $500 0 ±40 0.0% ±3.5$500 to $999 526 ±209 45.4% ±15.5$1,000 to $1,499 336 ±119 29.0% ±8.4$1,500 to $1,999 199 ±100 17.2% ±7.9$2,000 to $2,499 42 ±54 3.6% ±4.6$2,500 to $2,999 17 ±27 1.5% ±2.3$3,000 or more 38 ±43 3.3% ±3.7Median (dollars) 1,057 ±144 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 865 ±168 865 (X)Less than $250 166 ±93 19.2% ±10.0$250 to $399 351 ±124 40.6% ±12.0$400 to $599 243 ±94 28.1% ±9.4$600 to $799 89 ±79 10.3% ±8.9$800 to $999 16 ±28 1.8% ±3.3$1,000 or more 0 ±49 0.0% ±5.7Median (dollars) 375 ±28 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

1,158 ±265 1,158 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 586 ±203 50.6% ±13.220.0 to 24.9 percent 132 ±79 11.4% ±6.325.0 to 29.9 percent 103 ±69 8.9% ±5.630.0 to 34.9 percent 98 ±81 8.5% ±6.735.0 percent or more 239 ±106 20.6% ±7.9

Not computed 0 ±20 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

830 ±183 830 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 374 ±112 45.1% ±9.210.0 to 14.9 percent 266 ±109 32.0% ±11.115.0 to 19.9 percent 47 ±36 5.7% ±4.220.0 to 24.9 percent 62 ±70 7.5% ±8.325.0 to 29.9 percent 23 ±28 2.8% ±3.330.0 to 34.9 percent 15 ±25 1.8% ±3.035.0 percent or more 43 ±36 5.2% ±4.2


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 2,020 ±245 2,020 (X)

Less than $500 869 ±262 43.0% ±11.9$500 to $999 903 ±255 44.7% ±11.4$1,000 to $1,499 237 ±153 11.7% ±7.5$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±20 0.0% ±1.0$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±20 0.0% ±1.0$2,500 to $2,999 11 ±21 0.5% ±1.0$3,000 or more 0 ±28 0.0% ±1.4Median (dollars) 577 ±71 (X) (X)

No rent paid 126 ±84 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

1,935 ±368 1,935 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 411 ±175 21.2% ±8.115.0 to 19.9 percent 201 ±118 10.4% ±5.820.0 to 24.9 percent 395 ±176 20.4% ±8.225.0 to 29.9 percent 98 ±61 5.1% ±3.030.0 to 34.9 percent 55 ±44 2.8% ±2.235.0 percent or more 775 ±233 40.1% ±9.3


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 10,603 ±103 10,603 (X)

Male 4,579 ±279 43.2% ±2.6Female 6,024 ±278 56.8% ±2.6Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 76.0 ±3.0 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 745 ±255 7.0% ±2.45 to 9 years 830 ±224 7.8% ±2.110 to 14 years 809 ±199 7.6% ±1.915 to 19 years 508 ±181 4.8% ±1.720 to 24 years 719 ±235 6.8% ±2.225 to 34 years 1,650 ±319 15.6% ±3.035 to 44 years 1,076 ±242 10.1% ±2.345 to 54 years 1,209 ±206 11.4% ±1.955 to 59 years 703 ±183 6.6% ±1.760 to 64 years 748 ±206 7.1% ±1.965 to 74 years 775 ±176 7.3% ±1.775 to 84 years 495 ±148 4.7% ±1.485 years and over 336 ±105 3.2% ±1.0

Median age (years) 35.3 ±3.2 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 2,689 ±415 25.4% ±3.916 years and over 8,173 ±310 77.1% ±2.818 years and over 7,914 ±642 74.6% ±6.021 years and over 7,586 ±623 71.5% ±5.862 years and over 2,008 ±293 18.9% ±2.865 years and over 1,606 ±252 15.1% ±2.4

18 years and over 7,914 ±642 7,914 (X)Male 3,462 ±436 43.7% ±4.2Female 4,452 ±472 56.3% ±3.8Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 77.8 ±5.3 (X) (X)

65 years and over 1,606 ±252 1,606 (X)Male 578 ±172 36.0% ±9.1Female 1,028 ±185 64.0% ±5.6Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 56.2 ±13.3 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 10,603 ±103 10,603 (X)

One race 10,271 ±270 96.9% ±2.4Two or more races 332 ±240 3.1% ±2.3One race 10,271 ±270 96.9% ±2.4

White 5,332 ±619 50.3% ±5.8Black or African American 3,666 ±484 34.6% ±4.6American Indian and Alaska Native 2 ±4 0.0% ±0.0Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2

Asian 241 ±19 2.3% ±0.2Asian Indian 27 ±82 0.3% ±0.8Chinese 199 ±113 1.9% ±1.1Filipino 15 ±31 0.1% ±0.3Japanese 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Korean 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Vietnamese 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Other Asian 0 ±82 0.0% ±0.8

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Native Hawaiian 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Samoan 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Other Pacific Islander 0 ±57 0.0% ±0.5

Some other race 1,030 ±439 9.7% ±4.1Two or more races 332 ±240 3.1% ±2.3

White and Black or African American 193 ±188 1.8% ±1.8White and American Indian and Alaska Native 21 ±34 0.2% ±0.3White and Asian 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 10,603 ±103 10,603 (X)

White 5,664 ±596 53.4% ±5.6Black or African American 3,947 ±527 37.2% ±5.0American Indian and Alaska Native 111 ±124 1.0% ±1.2Asian 241 ±19 2.3% ±0.2Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Some other race 1,060 ±424 10.0% ±4.0

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 10,603 ±103 10,603 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 1,345 ±471 12.7% ±4.4Mexican 869 ±425 8.2% ±4.0Puerto Rican 39 ±45 0.4% ±0.4Cuban 195 ±187 1.8% ±1.8Other Hispanic or Latino 242 ±210 2.3% ±2.0

Not Hispanic or Latino 9,258 ±464 87.3% ±4.3White alone 5,226 ±627 49.3% ±5.9Black or African American alone 3,659 ±483 34.5% ±4.5American Indian and Alaska Native alone 2 ±4 0.0% ±0.0Asian alone 241 ±19 2.3% ±0.2Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Some other race alone 14 ±22 0.1% ±0.2Two or more races 116 ±125 1.1% ±1.2Two races including Some other race 0 ±20 0.0% ±0.2Two races excluding Some other race, and 116 ±125 1.1% ±1.2Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 7,285 ±393 7,285 (X)

Male 3,105 ±285 42.6% ±3.2Female 4,180 ±270 57.4% ±2.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-17 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2013-2017 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

Documents

Demographic Proﬁle: Vidalia fileDecennial 2010 Proﬁle VIDALIA SEX AND AGE Number Percent Total population 10,473 100.0% Under 5 years 867 8.3% 5 to 9 years 748 7.1% 10 to 14 years