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DENR Administrative Order

“ Implementation of Vehicle Emission Limits for Euro 4/IV and In-use Vehicle

Emission Standards Effective July 1, 2015”

Engr. Eva S. Ocfemia, Ph.D. Assistant Director

Republic of the Philippines Department of Environment and Natural Resources

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU

DENR Compound, Visayas Avenue, Diliman,

Quezon City

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Outline

• Background

• Salient Features of DAO 2015-04

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Background

STATIONARY 0.71%

MOBILE 89.69%

AREA 9.60%

NCR EMISSION INVENTORY BASE YEAR 2012

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166

133

126

117

132

118

127 132

136

106

120

85 79 90

84

82

74 73

52 59

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Jan-Jun 2010 Jul-Dec 2010 Jan-Jun 2011 Jul-Dec 2011 Jan-Jun 2012 Jul-Dec 2012 Jan-Jun 2013 Jul-Dec 2013 Jan-Jun 2014 Jul-Dec 2014 Jan-Jun2015

Air

Po

lluta

nt

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

µg/N

cm)

Air Quality Situation in Metro Manila from January 2010 to June 2015

Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

Particulate Matter of 10 microns in diameter (PM10)

TSP standard 90 µg/Ncm

PM10 standard 60 µg/Ncm

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NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION REAL TIME AIR QUALITY

MONITORING STATIONS

No. Location Address 1 Caloocan North Caloocan City Hall – Zapote Street, 2 Las Piñas Rohm and Hass Property, Las Piñas City 3 Makati Makati Park, Dr. Jose P. Rizal Extension, East Rembo, Makati City 4 Malabon Polytechnic Institute, City of Malabon 5 Marikina Parking Area of Marikina Justice Hall 6 Mandaluyong Hardin ng Pagasa - Mandaluyong City Hall, Plainview, Mandaluyong City 7 Navotas Navotas City Hall, M. Naval St. Navotas City 8 Paranaque Don Bosco Barangay Hall, Better Living Subdivision, Paranaque City 9 Pasig Oranbo, Country Lodge, Pasig

10 Muntinlupa Bureau of Corrections, New Bilibid Prison Reservation, Muntinlupa City 11 Pateros Pateros Elementary School 12 San Juan Pinaglabanan Shrine, San Juan City 13 Taguig Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig Campus 14 Quezon City* Commonwealth Ave., QC besides MMDA Station 15 Quezon City* DPWH Region IVB Compound, Timog, EDSA Quezon City 16 Manila* De Lasalle University, Taft, Manila 17 Valenzuela* Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela, Valenzuela City

* With complete criteria pollutant

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44 45

14 14 14 15

20

15 14 13

8 11

9 12

58

49

41 42 41

58

47

58

62 63

49

36 40

62

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ug

/Nc

m

Las Piñas PM2.5Las Piñas PM10PM 2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Value: 1 year averagingPM10 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Value: 1 year averaging

14 13 12 10

8

15 18

10

17

9 10 13

23

18 14

17

22

31

36

29

23

28

19

13 15

28 25 25 23

19

13

24

32

19

26

19 21

28

38 34

30 31

38

50

58

44

34

40

28

21 25

39

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

7/1/2…

7/2/2…

7/3/2…

7/4/2…

7/5/2…

7/6/2…

7/7/2…

7/8/2…

7/9/2…

7/10/…

7/11/…

7/12/…

7/13/…

7/14/…

7/15/…

7/16/…

7/17/…

7/18/…

7/19/…

7/20/…

7/21/…

7/22/…

7/23/…

7/24/…

7/25/…

7/26/…

ug

/Nc

m

Muntinlupa City - PM2.5

Muntinlupa City - PM10

PM 2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Value: 1 yearaveraging

13 10

12

16

10

17 18 19 19

12 14 11

17 17

12

16 16

21

17 17

22

18

27 25

23 25

14 11

17

47

28

42

48

43

37

31 34

32

39 41

35

40 39

44

37 34

39

35

54

44

38 39

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

7/1

/201

5

7/2

/201

5

7/3

/201

5

7/4

/201

5

7/5

/201

5

7/6

/201

5

7/7

/201

5

7/8

/201

5

7/9

/201

5

7/10/20…

7/11/20…

7/12/20…

7/13/20…

7/14/20…

7/15/20…

7/16/20…

7/17/20…

7/18/20…

7/19/20…

7/20/20…

7/21/20…

7/22/20…

7/23/20…

7/24/20…

7/25/20…

7/26/20…

ug

/Nc

m

DPWH-Quezon City PM2.5

DPWH-Quezon City PM10

26

18 18 21

19

28 27 31

24 22 23 22

26 27

16

25 23

40 36

39

53

37

29 31

29 33

46

31 33

36

29

44 47

45

37 37 41 41

46 48

31

41 42

68

61 62

82

61

46

53

48

55

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

7/1

/201

5

7/2

/201

5

7/3

/201

5

7/4

/201

5

7/5

/201

5

7/6

/201

5

7/7

/201

5

7/8

/201

5

7/9

/201

5

7/1

0/2

015

7/1

1/2

015

7/1

2/2

015

7/1

3/2

015

7/1

4/2

015

7/1

5/2

015

7/1

6/2

015

7/1

7/2

015

7/1

8/2

015

7/1

9/2

015

7/2

0/2

015

7/2

1/2

015

7/2

2/2

015

7/2

3/2

015

7/2

4/2

015

7/2

5/2

015

7/2

6/2

015

ug

/Nc

m

Marikina City - PM2.5

Marikina City - PM10

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HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR

POLLUTION

Impairments in lung function

Increased incidence of bronchitis

Exacerbation of chronic respiratory

disease or Asthma

Premature mortality from

respiratory and cardiovascular

disease

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ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF AIR

POLLUTION

Reduce visibility

Makes lakes & streams acidic

Harm vegetation & aquatic life

Impairs plant growth

Corrodes metals (i.e. roofs) as

well as marble monuments &

statues

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Fuel type Euro II fuel Euro IV fuel 1. Diesel - Sulfur

500 ppm

50 ppm

2. Gasoline

-Sulfur

- Benzene (% by volume, max.)

- Aromatics (% by volume, max.)

500 ppm

5

No Limit

50ppm

1

35

COMPARISON OF EURO II FUEL vs EURO IV FUEL :

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COMPARISON OF Euro 2 EMISSION vs Euro 4 EMISSION:

Light Duty Vehicle

Gasoline Fed (g/km)1

Euro 2 Euro 4

Carbon Monoxide, CO 2.2 1

Hydrocarbon, HC (g/km) - 0.1

Oxides of Nitrogen, NOx

(g/km) - 0.08

HC + NOx (g/km) 0.5 (0.18) *

Particulate Matter (g/km) - - (1) Defined by vehicle driving distance (g/km)

* Testing procedure in Euro 4 Light Duty vehicle Gasoline fed

provides separate result of HC and NOx emissions, while HC & NOx in Euro 2 are combined

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COMPARISON OF Euro 2 EMISSION vs Euro 4 EMISSION:

Light Duty Vehicle

Diesel Fed (g/km)1

Euro 2 Euro 4

Carbon Monoxide,CO 1.2 0.5

HC + NOx (g/km) 0.7 0.3

Particulate Matter (g/km) 0.08 0.025

(1) Defined by vehicle driving distance (g/km)

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COMPARISON OF EURO II EMISSION vs EURO IV EMISSION:

Heavy Duty Vehicle

Diesel Fed (g/kWh)2

EURO II Euro IV

Carbon Monoxide,CO 4 1.5

Hydrocarbon, HC (g/km) 1.1 0.46

Oxides of Nitrogen, NOx (g/km) 7 3.5

Particulate Matter (g/km) 0.15 0.02

(2) Defined by engine energy output (g/kWh)

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COMPARISON OF EURO II vs EURO IV EMISSION

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR GASOLINE & DIESEL FED

PASSENGER / LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES

Passenger / Light Duty

Vehicles

Euro 2 Euro 4

Diagnostic System "On-Board

Diagnostics (OBD) " Absent Present

• OBD stands for "on-board diagnostics,"

• Vehicle’s self-diagnostic and reporting capability.

• Provides access to the status of the various vehicle subsystems.

• Monitors the performance of some of the engines' major components, including individual emission controls.

• Provide real-time data in addition to a standardized series of diagnostic trouble codes

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COMPARISON OF EURO II vs EURO IV EMISSION

CONTROL SYSTEM:

Heavy Duty Vehicles

EURO II EURO IV

Diesel Particulate Filters

(DPF) ABSENT PRESENT

Selective Catalytic

Converters ABSENT PRESENT

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• Prescribes the new emission standards effective

July 1, 2015.

•Prescribes engine requirements and emission limits /

standards effective January 1, 2016 for new vehicles.

• Ensures use of cleaner fuel (Euro IV fuel) by July 1,

2015

Salient Features of the DAO

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TYPE OF VEHICLES EMISSION

LIMITS/STANDARDS

a) New passenger

vehicles and light duty Euro 4

b) New heavy duty vehicles Euro IV

c) New motorcycles/

tricycles and mopeds Euro 3

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CO (% by vol.)*

At idling

HC (ppm)*

At idling

Light Absorption

Coefficient, m-1

At free acceleration**

d) In-use,

rebuilt and

imported used

passenger cars

light duty and

heavy duty

vehicles

0.25

[registered for the first

time on or after July 1,

2017]

100

[registered for the first

time on or after July 1,

2017]

1.0

[registered for the first

time on or after

July 1, 2017]

0.5

[registered for the first

time after December

31, 2007]

250

[registered for the first

time after December 31,

2007]

2.0

[registered for the first

time after

December 31, 2007]

3.5

[registered for the first

time on or before

December 31, 2007]

600

[registered for the first

time on or before

December 31, 2007]

2.5

[registered for the first

time on or before

December 31, 2007]

* for spark-ignition (ex. gasoline), ** for compression-ignition (diesel)

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CO (% by vol.)*

At idling

HC (ppm)*

At idling

Light Absorption

Coefficient, m-1

At free acceleration**

e) In-use

motorcycles,

tricycles and

mopeds

2.5

[registered for the first

time on or after July

1, 2017]

1,000

[registered for the first

time on or after July 1,

2017]

20% smoke opacity

3.5

[registered for the first

time on or after

January 1, 2012]

4,500

[registered for the first

time on or after

January 1, 2012]

30% smoke opacity

4.5

[registered for the first

time before January

1, 2012]

6,000

[registered for the first

time before January

1, 2012]

30% smoke opacity

* for spark-ignition (ex. gasoline), ** for compression-ignition (diesel)

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Hence, to ensure compliance with the

above prescribed standards, all gasoline

stations nationwide must ensure

availability of EURO 4 fuels by July 1,

2015.

All Orders, Circulars and Instructions

inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed

or amended accordingly.