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Detection of Sensor Node Failure in WSNs Using Round Trip Delay

and Round Trip Path

Abdul Kalandar1, Mrs.Akhila Thejaswi2

1IV Semester, M.Tech, Computer Science and Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering and

Management

2 Asst. Prof., Department of Information Science and Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering and

Management

Abstract- Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) it is a collection of sensor nodes organized into a

cooperative network. According to the specific requirement field of application the WSNs are

distributed. For observation, locating vehicle position, weather monitoring, military and hospital

operation sensor node are extensively used. Construction of WSN consisting of large number of

portable sensor increases quality of service(QoS) by the rapid growth in electronics fabrication

technology where more number of sensor node are produced at low price with better perfection and

reactivity. The failure and duration of sensors the probability of sensor node failure increases.

Spotting and uncoupling such faults essential in order to maintain the better QoS under failure

condition. Calculating round trip delay(RTD) from round trip path(RTP) and compared with

threshold and faulty sensor node is detected. WSNs with dynamic topology are simulated to

determine the round trip delay time of round trip paths. Matlab is used for verify the scalability by

simulating the WSNs with large sensor nodes.

I. INTRODUCTION

WSNs are the distribution of sensors node that performs a many number of measurements process. It

is also defined as wireless network of thousand of low price small device capable of computing,

communicating and sensing. According to the field of specific requirement application the portable

sensor node are distributed in WSNS. It has vast potential to connect the physical world and virtual

world. Sensor node are extensively used for monitoring area, monitoring environment, application in

medical ,structural monitoring structure, monitoring traffic, monitoring habitat, observation, locating

vehicle position[1]-[4].

WSNs are made of sensor nodes from one to several hundred, where each sensor node is connected

to one or several via Bluetooth or ZigBee connections. The basic components of sensor node are

sensor and actuator which is an interface to the real world designed to capture the parameter like

pressure, temperature and other physical parameter from the environment, microcontroller it is a

processor where sensed data is processed and it converts the physical data in to digital data, memory

is to store the generated results from microcontroller, communication where it is used to send the

data from one sensor node to other and to base station through antenna via wireless channel, Battery

is used to supply the power to the sensor node for smooth operation.

The topology of WSNs can be star topology, ring topology, mesh topology, circular topology,

dynamic topology and other different topology. Routing and flooding are the propagation technique

used among the sensor nodes of the networks. WSN have the capability to dynamically adapt to

changing environments due to drastically decreasing the installation costs. Network topology gets

changed because of adaptation mechanisms or can cause network to shift different modes of

operations.

The hot area of research is to develop an efficient and accurate design to increase the QoS in WSNs.

WSNs to be implemented in efficient and accurate design but the field requires deployment of large

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Volume 02, Issue 05, [May – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745 ; ISSN (Print):2393-8161


numbers of portable sensor nodes. The factor such as lifetime and failure of sensor node affects the

QoS of WSNs. In decision-making process the data from faulty sensor node has to be ignored or

discarded in order to improve the QoS of WSNs [5]. Hence the primary importance is detection of

faulty sensor node. By using RTPs and their compared on the basis of RTD. To determine the RTD

time of RTPs WSNs with circular topology are simulated. Scalability of various sensor nodes in

WSNs is verified by simulation tool that is Matlab.

II. RELATED WORK

Many different approaches are used to detect fault sensor nodes in WSN. Some of the approaches are

as follows.

L.B. Ruiz, I.G. Siqueira, L.B. Oliveira, H.C. Wong, J.M.S. Noqueira, and A.A.F. Loureiro proposed

failure detection scheme called MANNA using management architecture for WSNs. Faulty sensor

nodes are able to detect from the above architecture. This approach is too expensive for WSNs it

requires an external manager to perform the centralized diagnosis and the communication between

nodes [6].

M. Lee and Y. Choi proposed the method to detect the failure in sensor nodes in WSNs. In this

method faulty sensor nodes identified on the idea by comparisons between the surrounding nodes

that is neighboring nodes and at each node level dissemination of the decision made. The algorithm

is simple while maintaining low false alarm rate it detects faulty sensor nodes with high accuracy for

fault probabilities of wide range. In this method the algorithm fails to detect the malicious nodes.

There is a need to distinguish events from extending faults and fault detection algorithm modification

and requires an algorithm to differentiate event [7].

A. Akbarl, A. Dana, A. Khademzadeh and N. Bemlkahdavl proposed the method named cluster

based recovery algorithm. Sensor node failures changes due to which energy-efficient and responsive

to network topology. It is used to detect battery failure node and recovery the battery failure node.

The disadvantage of the cluster based recovery algorithm that is while transferring the cluster head

that results in heavy data loss [8].

C.-C.Song. C.-F. Feng, C.-H. Wang, D.-C. Liaw, A.Mojoodi, M.Mehrani,F.Forootan,and R. Farshidi

proposed method to find the fault sensor node using redundancy path. Redundancy path results in

consuming more energy and the number of correct response in network lifetime will reduced [9][10].

S.S. Ahuja, R. Srinivasan, and M. Krunz presented monitoring cycles(MCs) and monitoring

path(MPs) for the detection of link failure in sensor node in WSNs. The limitation of the method

three-edge connectivity in the network, for each monitoring cycles and monitoring locations

maintained a separate wavelength [11].

R.N. Duche and N.P. Sarwade proposed the method to detect the faulty sensor node using discrete

round trip delay and round trip path. In this method sensor nodes are arranged in circular topology

that is in static and using this topology the packet is forwarded from source to destination by routing

and Maximum round trip delay is calculated and considered as threshold value. To find the faulty

sensor node the round trip delay of the round trip path should be greater than threshold value. Before

detecting faults in the sensor node the sensor node should be made faulty otherwise it does not show

the faulty node. Before implementing the method in which sensor is failed is know and implementing

the method is to confirm that same node is failed [12].

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

In proposed approach the research named detection of sensor node failure using round trip delay and

round trip path where it is used in the field of networks of sensor node that it used in smart city,

traffic controlling etc. Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks are used for capturing, analysing and

sensing the environment or sensed body data. More number of sensor node is deployed more is the

use and effeiceint and accuracy and increase the quality of service. The probability of failure of



sensor node also increase if one sensor node is failed than it effects the whole wireless sensor

network. In order to maintain the quality of service the sensor which is faulty is needed to replaced.

In this method the failure sensor node is detected and send the information to sink node of wireless

sensor network.

A. System Architecture

A System Architecture is a composition of the components that define the structure, behavior of the

method. Where in wireless sensor network which contains sensor nodes that are network of sensor

node that can be arrange in any topologies for this method dynamic topology is selected for detection

of sensor node failures. A packet of any size is selected and packet forwarded from source to

destination through routing. During routing the round trip delay is calculated for each round trip path

pairs. Initially the all sensor node are under working condition that is considering all sensor nodes

are not failure nodes packet is forwarded for each round trip path and round trip is calculated and

maximum round trip delay is considered to be the threshold value. The packet is again sent from

source to destination through routing in round trip paths and round trip delay is calculated if the

round trip delay of the round trip path is greater than threshold value than the sensor node is declared

as faulty sensor node. The results are displayed in simulator.

Fig : System Architecture

IV. IMPLEMENTATION

Modules:

In the first phase, the sensor node is deployed dynamically for each time interval the number of

sensor node is 15 is considered in this topology.



The sensor node will change according to time that is 1 to 12 and position of the sensor node will

change dynamically.

The packets is forwarded from source to destination through routing and while packet is forwarde

from source to destination it calculate the round trip delay of round trip path . Maximun round trip

value is considered as threshold value



After finding the maximum threshold value the packets are forwarded for many iterations to find the

malicious and dead node. The malicious node is found by comparing threshold value with the round

drip delay value of the round trip path. If it is greater than threshold value than it is a malicious node.

If the round trip delay is greater than and its energy value is infinity or zero than that node is

considered to be dead. Any sensor node can be malicious or dead sensor node. In this method the

failure node are found not created. It finds the failure of node at each iterations and displays the

which sensor node dead or malfunctioning. It prints the threshold value for each iteration and also its



prints the malicious and dead node. It displays each simulation time as evaluation time and total

simulation time has elapsed time.

The sensor movements and positions are tracked in the graph below



This graph displays the transmission failure rate where initially high because of dynamical topology

and it decreases due to transmission perfections.

The graph displays the results of routing accuracy in wireless sensor network.

The graph shows the round trip delay and round trip path and its comparison is made by using this

graph.



V. CONCLUSION

This paper mainly focuses on detecting sensor node failure detection where in it uses round trip delay

and path and identify which sensor node is dead or malfunctioning in dynamic topology. Scalability

of the method is excellent has been verified by implementing it to various WSN.

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Detection of Sensor Node Failure in WSNs - IJMTER | Impact · PDF file · 2017-04-07Detection of Sensor Node Failure in WSNs Using Round Trip Delay and Round ... locating vehicle