Developing Countries to Scientific Knowledge: Quantifying the Digital Divide

Experiences with the Digital Divide in Latin America

23 – 24 October 2003

Julio Ibarra, Heidi AlvarezJulio Ibarra, Heidi AlvarezCenter for Internet Augmented Research and Center for Internet Augmented Research and

AssessmentAssessmentjulio@fiu.edu, heidi@fiu.edu

www.ampath.fiu.edu, www.ciara.fiu.edu

About AMPATH™ Launched in March 2000 as a

project led by Florida International University (FIU), with industry support from Global Crossing (GX), Cisco Systems, Lucent Technologies, Juniper Networks and Terremark Worldwide

Enables wide-bandwidth digital communications between the Abilene network and 10 National Research and Education Networks (NRNs) in South and Central America, the Caribbean and Mexico

Provides connectivity to US research programs in the region

AMPATH is a project of FIU and the National Science Foundation’s Advanced Networking Infrastructure & Research (ANIR) Division

STAR TAP/Star LightAPAN/TransPAC†, CA*net, CERN, CERNET/CSTNET/NSFCNET, RBNET/NAUKAnet, GEMnet, HARNET, KOREN/KREONET2, NORDUnet, SURFnet, SingAREN, TANET2

NYCGEANT*,

HEANET, NORDUnet,

SINET,SURFnet

Pacific WaveAARNET, APAN/TransPAC†, CA*net, TANET2

SNVAGEMNET, SingAREN, WIDE(v6)

L.A.UNINET

AMPATHANSP,

REUNA2, RNP2, RETINA (REACCIUN-2)

OC12

El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso)CUDI

San Diego (CALREN2)CUDI

I2 Abilene International Peering

•ARNES, ACONET, BELNET, CARNET, CERN, CESnet, CYNET, DFN, EENet, GARR, GRNET, HEANET, IUCC, JANET, LATNET, LITNET, NORDUNET, RENATER, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCST, RedIRIS, SANET, SURFNET•† WIDE/JGN, IMnet, CERNet/CSTnet,/NSFCNET, KOREN/KREONET2, PREGINET, SingAREN, TANET2, ThaiSARN

Last update: 7 April 2003

WASHGEANT*

Optical Infrastructure in Latin America

Submarine Fiber-Optic Cable System

Total Bandwidth Capacity (GB)

Americas 1 .560

Americas II 2.5

South American Crossing 1,280

Columbus II .560

Columbus III 2.5

Telefonica’s Emergia 1,920

ARCOS 960

Maya-1 60

360 Americas 10

The total aggregate bandwidth capacity Latin America and Caribbean region is estimated at 4,236 GB

NRENs’ Bandwidth in Latin AmericaCountry Organization Existing REN? National connections External

CapacityNumber of Connected

Sites

Connection to US

Internet2

Argentina RETINA yes 256Kbps – 34 Mbps 59 Mbps 56 yes

Bolivia BOLnet yes 64 – 128 Kbps 1.5 Mbps 18 no

Brazil RNPyes

2 – 30 Mbps (backbone up to 622 Mbps

202 Mbps369

yes

Chile REUNAyes 155 Mbps

45 Mbps via AMPATH

18yes

Colombia RedCETCol Not known Not known Not known Not known Not known

Costa Rica CRNet yes 32 – 512 Kbps Not known 34 no

Cuba RedUniv University Network

19.2 Kbps – 2 MbpsNot known

23no

Ecuador FUNDACYT In planning no

El Salvador CONACYT In planning no

Guatemala Not known Non-existent no

Honduras HONDUnet Not known no

Nicaragua Not known no

Panama PANNET/SENACYT

University/Gov. Network

256 – 512 Kbps 1.54 Mbps 11 no

Peru CONCYTEC In planning no

Uruguay RAU yes 64 Kbps to 1 Mbps 6 Mbps 46 no

Venezuela REACCIUN yes 45 Mbps via AMPATH

78 January 2003

Source:

CAESAR - Review of Develop-ments in Latin America

Divide in the R&E Community

• Total bandwidth capacity for the research and education community to access global RENs via AMPATH is 225Mbps

• Approximately 71.2Mbps is being utilized– http://www.net.fiu.edu/mrtg/ampathgsr.html

• There is 4,236Gbps of bandwidth capacity into the region

Activities to Bridge the Divide

• Cooperación Latino-Americana de Redes Avanzadas (CLARA)

• Workshops and Grants

• Center for High-Energy Physics Research Education and Outreach (CHEPREO)

• Center for Internet Augmented Research and Assessment (CIARA)

Cooperación Latino-Americana de Redes Avanzadas (CLARA)

• Coordination amongst LA-NREN and other stakeholders

• Cooperation for the promotion of scientific and technologic development

• Planning and implementation of network services for regional interconnection

• Development of a regional network (here called RedCLARA) to interconnect the NRENs operated by its members

• RedCLARA to connect LA first to Europe, then to other regions

Workshops and Grants

• FIU AMPATH Workshop to Identify Areas of Scientific Collaboration between the US and the AMPATH Service Area, NSF ANI-0123388

• First International AMPATH Conference, Valdevia, Chile, NSF ANI-0220176

• AMPATH StarLight Rio Grid Workshop, NSF ANI-0230877

• STI: AMPATH Collaborative Research and Education Operational and Functional Support, NSF ANI-0231844

• AMPATH Workshop: Fostering Collaborations and Next Generation Infrastructure, NSF ANI-0305876

CHEPREO

• An interregional grid-enabled Center for High-Energy Physics Research and Educational Outreach (CHEPREO)

• Fosters an integrated program of research, network infrastructure development, and education and outreach

– Collaboration with FIU, Caltech, University of Florida, Florida State University and the State University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil

– Augments bandwidth capacity to Brazil

• National Science Foundation (NSF) award MPS-0312038

Experimental Starlight Connection

• ATM OC3c IP-VPN provisioned in February, 2002 with support from the NSF Rio StarLight Grid Workshop Grant

• Upgraded for the AMPATH workshop, January 2003, interconnecting AMPATH to Starlight using a layer-2 GbE IP-VPN service

• Traffic volume has exceeded 3.4 Tbps – an average of 400 Gbps per month

• Activity supported by the NSF REU program, STI award ANI-0231844

• Report available at

Utilization

59.70%

13.10%14.90%

4.10%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

Brazil Chile UPR Argentina

http://www.ampath.fiu.edu/Summer03REU.pdf

Motivation

• National / Local Needs

• Integrated Education and Research

• Connect Math and Science

• Create a Community of Scholars– Science education– Attract to science careers

• Model for National and International Dissemination

South Florida

• 4th Largest: Miami-Dade– 380,000 students– 333 schools– 3,000 teachers needed

• 5th Largest: Broward– 261k students (68k HS)– 238 schools (25 HS)

• Large Diverse Urban Pool

M-DCPS Student Population

Hispanic56%

African American

31%

Other13%

FIU Student Population

Hispanic53%

African American

14%

Other33%

Broward Schools Population

Asian2.8%

Hispanic21.5%

African American

37.0%

White36.4%

Other2.2%

Systemic Physics Education Reform

• Integrate Physics Research and Education

• Science for All Students

• Secondary Through Graduate Students

• High School Teachers / University Faculty

• Education Research

• Diverse South Florida

• Physical and Virtual Science Center serving South Florida, Rio, and beyond

Community of Scholars

Collaboration for common goal

Development of Globally Distributed Development of Globally Distributed Collaborative Learning CommunityCollaborative Learning Community

CMS research experience for undergraduates and graduate students

Pre-service experiences for FIU's future teachers QuarkNet research opportunities for teachers Participation and support from area high schools Networking internships, experience at

Terremark's NAP of the America's International exchanges, workshops, summer

schools Science Education Fellowships Test-bed schools Web-based Resources

Partnership

FIU Physics-Science-Education Reform

Networking

Schools-Test-Bed Research

Partner Institutes-FSU / UF / CIT-Brazil

FIU College of Education-Education Researchers

-Modeling-Contacts

Professional Associations-AAPT, APS, FAST…

CMS-Physics Goal-Context for Education

-i.e. kinematics

Teachers-Educators-Researchers

Students-HS / Undergrad / Grad-Future Scientists & Teachers

Support System-Parents-Guidance Counselors-School Administration

University-Curricula-Resources

QuarkNet

Existing Programs-Modeling (Hestenes / COMAP)-Education Research

CHEPREO E&O CONCEPTS

Science Clubs

-High School Students

Summer Modeling Workshops-Teachers-(Faculty & Students)-Content / Pedagogy

QuarkNet

-Teachers / Faculty

-Content / Pedagogy

Modeling Introductory Physics

-All Undergraduates

Peer Tutoring

-Undergraduates

-Supported by Fellows

Outreach

Test-Bed Schools-Teachers/Students/Faculty-Intensive Education Research

Science Fellowships-Undergraduates-Teaching / Research Community

Future

• Expand Through Physics

• Expand through Sciences

• Expand across Florida• National Model• Expand with Rio de

Janeiro and San Paolo• International Model

Center for Internet Augmented Research

and Assessment (CIARA)

• The center is uniquely designed to leverage research to benefit FIU and partner institutions: – Improving the rate of discovery for all investigators– Invigorating scholarship for graduate students,

undergrads, and students in the community– Providing leadership in International networking

• Starting by fostering a synergy between faculty driven research, graduate students, and research scientists/technologists

• Securing private and public work force improvement, I.T. infrastructure, international partnership, and diverse domain science research funding

AMPATH™: Pathway of the Americas

Thank YouThank You

Email: ampath@fiu.edu

Web: www.ampath.fiu.edu

Phone: 305-348-4105