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CHAPTER 4Federal Funds for Education and Related Activities
This chapter provides information on federal support
foreducation. The tables include detailed data on funding by
spe-cific federal agencies, funding for different levels of
educationand types of education-related activities, and funding for
spe-cific programs. Preceding the tables is a brief chronology
offederal education legislation enacted since 1787, which pro-vides
historical context for the education funding data.
The data in this chapter primarily reflect outlays and
appropri-ations of federal agencies. The data are compiled from
budgetinformation prepared by federal agencies. In contrast, most
of thefederal revenue data reported in other chapters are compiled
byeducational institutions or state education agencies and
reportedto the federal government through standardized survey
forms.Tabulations based on institution- or state-reported revenue
datadiffer substantially from federal budget reports because
ofnumerous variations in methodology and definitions.
Federaldollars are not necessarily spent by recipient institutions
in thesame year in which they are appropriated. In some cases,
institu-tions cannot identify the source of federal revenues
because theyflow through state agencies. Some types of revenues,
such astuition and fees, are reported as revenues from students
eventhough they may be supported by federal student aid
programs.Some institutions that receive federal education funds
(e.g.,Department of Defense overseas and domestic schools, state
edu-cation agencies, Head Start programs, and federal libraries)
arenot included in regular surveys, censuses, and administrative
datacollections conducted by the National Center for Education
Sta-tistics (NCES). Thus, the federal programs data tabulated in
thischapter are not comparable with figures reported in other
chap-ters. Readers should also be careful about comparing the data
onobligations shown in table 402.10 with the data on outlays
andappropriations appearing in other tables in this chapter.
Federal Education FundingFederal on-budget funding (federal
appropriations) for educa-
tion increased an estimated 413 percent from fiscal year
(FY)1965 to FY 2014, after adjustment for inflation (table D,
table401.10, and figure 20). From FY 1965 to FY 1975, federal
on-budget funding for education increased by 152 percent. From
FY1975 to FY 1985, there was a decrease of 16 percent.
Thereafter,federal on-budget funding for education generally
increased.From FY 1990 to FY 2000, after adjustment for inflation,
federalon-budget funding for education increased by 30 percent.
FromFY 2000 to FY 2014, it increased by 63 percent.
Between FY 1990 and FY 2000, after adjustment for infla-tion,
federal on-budget funding increased for three of the fourmajor
categories reported: elementary and secondary educa-tion (by 56
percent), other education (by 27 percent), andresearch at
educational institutions (by 34 percent) (table D,table 401.10, and
figure 20). During the same period, fundingfor postsecondary
education decreased by 14 percent. FromFY 2000 to FY 2014, after
adjustment for inflation, federalon-budget funding showed a net
increase of 34 percent for ele-mentary and secondary education, 241
percent for postsec-ondary education, 27 percent for other
education, and 9percent for research at educational institutions.
In FY 2009,federal on-budget funding for elementary and secondary
edu-cation was at a record-high level ($189.4 billion in FY
2015dollars) due to funds from the American Recovery and
Rein-vestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) (table 401.10).1 For FY
2015,federal program funds totaled $77.6 billion for elementaryand
secondary education, $77.0 billion for postsecondary edu-cation,
$9.5 billion for other education programs, and an esti-mated $32.5
billion for research at educational institutions(tables 401.10 and
401.30).
Table D. Federal on-budget funding for education, by category:
Selected fiscal years, 1965 through 2014
[In billions of constant fiscal year (FY) 2015 dollars]
Year TotalElementary/
secondaryPost-
secondaryOther
education
Research ateducationalinstitutions
1965 ............. $37.7 $13.7 $8.5 $2.6 $12.81975 .............
94.8 43.2 31.1 6.5 13.91980 ............. 95.7 44.5 30.8 4.3
16.11985 ............. 79.7 34.5 22.8 4.3 18.11990 .............
90.8 38.7 24.0 5.9 22.21995 ............. 107.6 50.5 26.5 7.1
23.52000 ............. 118.3 60.3 20.7 7.5 29.82005 .............
178.6 83.3 46.6 8.3 40.42010 ............. 198.6 94.0 54.4 10.1
40.12014 ............. 193.0 80.5 70.4 9.6 32.6
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE:
U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service and National Centerfor
Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of
Management andBudget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix,
various FYs. National Sci-ence Foundation, Federal Funds for
Research and Development, various FYs.
1 Throughout this chapter, all education funds from ARRA are
included inFY 2009. Most of these funds had a 2-year availability,
meaning that theywere available for the U.S. Department of
Education to obligate during FY2009 and FY 2010.DIGEST OF EDUCATION
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756 CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related
ActivitiesAfter adjustment for inflation, off-budget support
(fed-eral support for education not tied to appropriations)
andnonfederal funds generated by federal legislation (e.g.,
pri-vate loans, grants, and aid) showed an increase of 134 per-cent
between FY 1990 ($19.6 billion in FY 2015 dollars)and FY 2000
($46.0 billion in FY 2015 dollars) (table401.10). In FY 2014, these
same funds totaled $101.9 billionin FY 2015 dollars, an increase of
122 percent over FY2000. In FY 2015, these funds totaled $101.5
billion.
In FY 2014, federal on-budget funds for education totaled$190.5
billion in current dollars (figure 21 and table 401.20).The U.S.
Department of Education provided 50 percent($95.7 billion) of this
total. Funds exceeding $3 billion alsocame from the U.S. Department
of Health and Human Ser-vices ($28.9 billion), the U.S. Department
of Agriculture($23.1 billion), the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs($13.1 billion), the U.S. Department of Defense ($7.3
bil-lion), the National Science Foundation ($5.5 billion), theU.S.
Department of Labor ($5.5 billion), and the U.S.Department of
Energy ($3.3 billion).
Chronology of Federal Education Legislation
A capsule view of the history of federal education activi-ties
is provided in the following list of selected legislation:
1787 Northwest Ordinance authorized land grants for
theestablishment of educational institutions.
1802 An Act Fixing the Military Peace Establishment of theUnited
States established the U.S. Military Acad-emy. (The U.S. Naval
Academy was established in1845 by the Secretary of the Navy.)
1862 First Morrill Act authorized public land grants to
thestates for the establishment and maintenance of agri-cultural
and mechanical colleges.
1867 Department of Education Act authorized the establish-ment
of the U.S. Department of Education.2
1876 Appropriation Act, U.S. Department of the
Treasury,established the U.S. Coast Guard Academy.
1890 Second Morrill Act provided for monetary grants forsupport
of instruction in the agricultural and mechan-ical colleges.
1911 State Marine School Act authorized federal funds to beused
for the benefit of any nautical school in any of11 specified
seaport cities.
1917 Smith-Hughes Act provided for grants to states forsupport
of vocational education.
1918 Vocational Rehabilitation Act provided for grantsfor
rehabilitation through training of World War Iveterans.
1920 Smith-Bankhead Act authorized grants to states
forvocational rehabilitation programs.
1935 Bankhead-Jones Act (Public Law 74-182) authorizedgrants to
states for agricultural experiment stations.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (Public Law 74-320)authorized 30
percent of the annual customs receiptsto be used to encourage the
exportation and domesticconsumption of agricultural commodities.
Commod-ities purchased under this authorization began to beused in
school lunch programs in 1936. The NationalSchool Lunch Act of 1946
continued and expandedthis assistance.
1936 An Act to Further the Development and Maintenanceof an
Adequate and Well-Balanced American Mer-chant Marine (Public Law
74-415) established theU.S. Merchant Marine Academy.
1937 National Cancer Institute Act (Public Law
75-244)established the Public Health Service fellowshipprogram.
1941 Amendment to Lanham Act of 1940 authorized federalaid for
construction, maintenance, and operation ofschools in federally
impacted areas. Such assistancewas continued under Public Law 815
and Public Law874, 81st Congress, in 1950.
1943 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (Public Law 78-16) pro-vided
assistance to veterans with disabilities.
School Lunch Indemnity Plan (Public Law 78-129)provided funds
for local lunch food purchases.
1944 Servicemens Readjustment Act (Public Law 78-346),known as
the GI Bill, provided assistance for theeducation of veterans.
Surplus Property Act (Public Law 78-457) autho-rized transfer of
surplus property to educationalinstitutions.
1946 National School Lunch Act (Public Law 79-396)authorized
assistance through grants-in-aid and othermeans to states to assist
in providing adequate foodsand facilities for the establishment,
maintenance,operation, and expansion of nonprofit school
lunchprograms.
George-Barden Act (Public Law 80-402) expandedfederal support of
vocational education.
1948 United States Information and Educational ExchangeAct
(Public Law 80-402) provided for the inter-change of people,
knowledge, and skills between theUnited States and other
countries.
1949 Federal Property and Administrative Services Act(Public Law
81-152) provided for donation of sur-plus property to educational
institutions and for otherpublic purposes.
2 The U.S. Department of Education as established in 1867 was
later knownas the Office of Education. In 1980, under Public Law
96-88, it became acabinet-level department. Therefore, for purposes
of consistency, it isreferred to as the U.S. Department of
Education even in those tables cov-ering years when it was
officially the Office of Education.DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS
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CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related Activities
7571950 Financial Assistance for Local Educational AgenciesAffected
by Federal Activities (Public Law 81-815and Public Law 81-874)
provided assistance for con-struction (Public Law 815) and
operation (PublicLaw 874) of schools in federally affected
areas.
Housing Act (Public Law 81-475) authorized loans forconstruction
of college housing facilities.
1954 An Act for the Establishment of the United States AirForce
Academy and Other Purposes (Public Law 83-325) established the U.S.
Air Force Academy.
Educational Research Act (Public Law 83-531) autho-rized
cooperative arrangements with universities,colleges, and state
educational agencies for educa-tional research.
School Milk Program Act (Public Law 83-597) pro-vided funds for
purchase of milk for school lunchprograms.
1956 Library Services Act (Public Law 84-597) providedgrants to
states for extension and improvement ofrural public library
services.
1957 Practical Nurse Training Act (Public Law 84-911)provided
grants to states for practical nurse training.
1958 National Defense Education Act (Public Law 85-864)provided
assistance to state and local school systemsfor instruction in
science, mathematics, modern for-eign languages, and other critical
subjects; state statis-tical services; guidance, counseling, and
testingservices and training institutes; higher education stu-dent
loans and fellowships as well as foreign languagestudy and
training; experimentation and disseminationof information on more
effective use of television,motion pictures, and related media for
educationalpurposes; and vocational education for technical
occu-pations necessary to the national defense.
Education of Mentally Retarded Children Act (PublicLaw 85-926)
authorized federal assistance for train-ing teachers of the
disabled.
Captioned Films for the Deaf Act (Public Law 85-905)authorized a
loan service of captioned films for thedeaf.
1961 Area Redevelopment Act (Public Law 87-27)
includedprovisions for training or retraining of people
inredevelopment areas.
1962 Manpower Development and Training Act (PublicLaw 87-415)
provided training in new and improvedskills for the unemployed and
underemployed.
Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (PublicLaw 87-510)
authorized loans, advances, and grantsfor education and training of
refugees.
1963 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of1963
(Public Law 88-129) provided funds to expandteaching facilities and
for loans to students in thehealth professions.
Vocational Education Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-210, Part A)
increased federal support of vocationaleducation schools;
vocational work-study programs;and research, training, and
demonstrations in voca-tional education.
Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963 (Public Law88-204)
authorized grants and loans for classrooms,libraries, and
laboratories in public community col-leges and technical
institutes, as well as undergradu-ate and graduate facilities in
other higher educationinstitutions.
1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-352) autho-rized
the Commissioner of Education to arrange forsupport for higher
education institutions and schooldistricts to provide inservice
programs for assistinginstructional staff in dealing with problems
causedby desegregation.
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-452) authorized
grants for college work-study pro-grams for students from
low-income families; estab-lished a Job Corps program and
authorized supportfor work-training programs to provide education
andvocational training and work experience opportuni-ties in
welfare programs; authorized support of edu-cation and training
activities and of communityaction programs, including Head Start,
FollowThrough, and Upward Bound; and authorized theestablishment of
Volunteers in Service to America(VISTA).
1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965(Public Law
89-10) authorized grants for elementaryand secondary school
programs for children of low-income families; school library
resources, textbooks,and other instructional materials for school
children;supplementary educational centers and
services;strengthening state education agencies; and educa-tional
research and research training.
Health Professions Educational Assistance Amend-ments of 1965
(Public Law 89-290) authorized schol-arships to aid needy students
in the healthprofessions.
Higher Education Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-329)provided grants
for university community serviceprograms, college library
assistance, library trainingand research, strengthening developing
institutions,teacher training programs, and
undergraduateinstructional equipment. Authorized insured
studentloans, established a National Teacher Corps, andprovided for
graduate teacher training fellowships.
National Foundation on the Arts and the HumanitiesAct (Public
Law 89-209) authorized grants and loansfor projects in the creative
and performing arts andfor research, training, and scholarly
publications inthe humanities.DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS
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758 CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related
ActivitiesNational Technical Institute for the Deaf Act (PublicLaw
89-36) provided for the establishment, con-struction, equipping,
and operation of a residentialschool for postsecondary education
and technicaltraining of the deaf.
School Assistance in Disaster Areas Act (Public Law89-313)
provided for assistance to local educationagencies to help meet
exceptional costs resultingfrom a major disaster.
1966 International Education Act (Public Law 89-698) pro-vided
grants to higher education institutions for theestablishment,
strengthening, and operation of cen-ters for research and training
in international studiesand the international aspects of other
fields of study.
National Sea Grant College and Program Act (PublicLaw 89-688)
authorized the establishment and oper-ation of Sea Grant Colleges
and programs by initiat-ing and supporting programs of education
andresearch in the various fields relating to the develop-ment of
marine resources.
Adult Education Act (Public Law 89-750) authorizedgrants to
states for the encouragement and expansionof educational programs
for adults, including train-ing of teachers of adults and
demonstrations in adulteducation (previously part of Economic
OpportunityAct of 1964).
Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act (Public Law89-694)
authorized the establishment and operation,by Gallaudet College, of
a model secondary schoolfor the deaf.
1967 Education Professions Development Act (Public Law90-35)
amended the Higher Education Act of 1965for the purpose of
improving the quality of teachingand to help meet critical
shortages of adequatelytrained educational personnel.
Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-129)established a
Corporation for Public Broadcasting toassume major responsibility
in channeling federalfunds to noncommercial radio and television
sta-tions, program production groups, and educationaltelevision
networks; conduct research, demonstra-tion, or training in matters
related to noncommercialbroadcasting; and award grants for
construction ofeducational radio and television facilities.
1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of1968
(Public Law 90-247) modified existing pro-grams and authorized
support of regional centers foreducation of children with
disabilities, model centersand services for deaf-blind children,
recruitment ofpersonnel and dissemination of information on
edu-cation of children with disabilities; technical assis-tance in
education to rural areas; support of dropoutprevention projects;
and support of bilingual educa-tion programs.
Handicapped Childrens Early Education AssistanceAct (Public Law
90-538) authorized preschool andearly education programs for
children with disabil-ities.
Vocational Education Amendments of 1968 (PublicLaw 90-576)
modified existing programs and pro-vided for a National Advisory
Council on VocationalEducation and collection and dissemination of
infor-mation for programs administered by the Commis-sioner of
Education.
1970 Elementary and Secondary Education Assistance Pro-grams,
Extension (Public Law 91-230) authorizedcomprehensive planning and
evaluation grants tostate and local education agencies; provided
for theestablishment of a National Commission on SchoolFinance.
National Commission on Libraries and InformationScience Act
(Public Law 91-345) established aNational Commission on Libraries
and InformationScience to effectively utilize the nations
educationalresources.
Office of Education Appropriation Act (Public Law91-380)
provided emergency school assistance todesegregating local
education agencies.
Environmental Education Act (Public Law 91-516)established an
Office of Environmental Education todevelop curriculum and initiate
and maintain envi-ronmental education programs at the
elementary/sec-ondary levels; disseminate information;
providetraining programs for teachers and other educational,public,
community, labor, and industrial leaders andemployees; provide
community education programs;and distribute material dealing with
the environmentand ecology.
Drug Abuse Education Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-527) provided
for development, demonstration,and evaluation of curricula on the
problems of drugabuse.
1971 Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of1971 (Public
Law 92-257) amended Title VII of thePublic Health Service Act,
increasing and expandingprovisions for health manpower training and
trainingfacilities.
1972 Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972 (Pub-lic Law
92-255) established a Special Action Officefor Drug Abuse
Prevention to provide overall plan-ning and policy for all federal
drug-abuse preven-tion functions; a National Advisory Council
forDrug Abuse Prevention; community assistancegrants for community
mental health centers fortreatment and rehabilitation of people
with drug-abuse problems; and, in December 1974, a
NationalInstitute on Drug Abuse.DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS
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759Education Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-318)established the
Education Division in the U.S.Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare andthe National Institute of Education; general aid
forhigher education institutions; federal matchinggrants for state
Student Incentive Grants; a NationalCommission on Financing
Postsecondary Education;State Advisory Councils on Community
Colleges; aBureau of Occupational and Adult Education andState
Grants for the design, establishment, and con-duct of postsecondary
occupational education; and abureau-level Office of Indian
Education. Amendedcurrent U.S. Department of Education programs
toincrease their effectiveness and better meet specialneeds.
Prohibited sex bias in admission to voca-tional, professional, and
graduate schools, and publicinstitutions of undergraduate higher
education.
1973 Older Americans Comprehensive Services Amend-ment of 1973
(Public Law 93-29) made available toolder citizens comprehensive
programs of health,education, and social services.
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973(Public Law
93-203) provided for employment andtraining opportunities for
unemployed and underem-ployed people. Extended and expanded
provisions inthe Manpower Development and Training Act of1962,
Title I of the Economic Opportunity Act of1962, Title I of the
Economic Opportunity Act of1964, and the Emergency Employment Act
of 1971as in effect prior to June 30, 1973.
1974 Education Amendments of 1974 (Public Law 93-380)provided
for the consolidation of certain programs andestablished a National
Center for Education Statistics.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of1974 (Public
Law 93-415) provided for technicalassistance, staff training,
centralized research, andresources to develop and implement
programs tokeep students in elementary and secondary schools;and
established, in the U.S. Department of Justice, aNational Institute
for Juvenile Justice and Delin-quency Prevention.
1975 Indian Self-Determination and Education AssistanceAct
(Public Law 93-638) provided for increased par-ticipation of
American Indians/Alaska Natives in theestablishment and conduct of
their education pro-grams and services.
Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Act (PublicLaw 93-642)
established the Harry S Truman Schol-arship Foundation and created
a perpetual educationscholarship fund for young Americans to
prepare forand pursue careers in public service.
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PublicLaw 94-142)
provided that all children with disabili-ties have available to
them a free appropriate educa-tion designed to meet their unique
needs.
1976 Educational Broadcasting Facilities and Telecommuni-cations
Demonstration Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-309) established a
telecommunications demonstrationprogram to promote the development
of nonbroadcasttelecommunications facilities and services for
thetransmission, distribution, and delivery of health, edu-cation,
and public or social service information.
1977 Youth Employment and Demonstration Projects Act of1977
(Public Law 95-93) established a youth employ-ment training program
including, among other activi-ties, promotion of education-to-work
transition,literacy training and bilingual training, and
attainmentof certificates of high school equivalency.
Career Education Incentive Act (Public Law 95-207)authorized the
establishment of a career educationprogram for elementary and
secondary schools.
1978 Tribally Controlled Community College AssistanceAct of 1978
(Public Law 95-471) provided federalfunds for the operation and
improvement of triballycontrolled community colleges for American
Indian/Alaska Native students.
Middle Income Student Assistance Act (Public Law95-566) modified
the provisions for student financialassistance programs to allow
middle-income as wellas low-income students attending college or
otherpostsecondary institutions to qualify for federal edu-cation
assistance.
1979 Department of Education Organization Act (PublicLaw 96-88)
established a U.S. Department of Educa-tion containing functions
from the Education Divi-sion of the U.S. Department of Health,
Education,and Welfare (HEW) along with other selected educa-tion
programs from HEW, the U.S. Department ofJustice, U.S. Department
of Labor, and the NationalScience Foundation.
1980 Asbestos School Hazard Detection and Control Act of1980
(Public Law 96-270) established a program forinspection of schools
for detection of hazardous asbestosmaterials and provided loans to
assist educational agen-cies to contain or remove and replace such
materials.
1981 Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of1981 (Part of
Public Law 97-35) consolidated 42programs into 7 programs to be
funded under the ele-mentary and secondary block grant
authority.
1983 Student Loan Consolidation and Technical Amend-ments Act of
1983 (Public Law 98-79) established an8 percent interest rate for
Guaranteed Student Loansand an extended Family Contribution
Schedule.
Challenge Grant Amendments of 1983 (Public Law 98-95) amended
Title III of the Higher Education Act of1965, and added
authorization of the Challenge Grantprogram. The Challenge Grant
program providesfunds to eligible institutions on a matching basis
as anincentive to seek alternative sources of funding.DIGEST OF
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760 CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related
ActivitiesEducation of the Handicapped Act Amendments of1983
(Public Law 98-199) added the ArchitecturalBarrier amendment
(providing funds for alteringexisting buildings and equipment to
make themaccessible to those with physical disabilities)
andclarified participation of children with disabilities inprivate
schools.
1984 Education for Economic Security Act (Public Law 98-377)
added new science and mathematics programsfor elementary,
secondary, and postsecondary educa-tion. The new programs included
magnet schools,excellence in education, and equal access.
Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act (PublicLaw 98-524)
continued federal assistance for voca-tional education through FY
1989. The act replacedthe Vocational Education Act of 1963. It
providedaid to the states to make vocational education pro-grams
accessible to all people, including disabledand disadvantaged,
single parents and homemakers,and the incarcerated.
Human Services Reauthorization Act (Public Law 98-558) created a
Carl D. Perkins scholarship program,a National Talented Teachers
Fellowship program, aFederal Merit Scholarships program, and a
Leader-ship in Educational Administration program.
1985 Montgomery GI BillActive Duty (Public Law 98-525), brought
about a new GI Bill for individualswho initially entered active
military duty on or afterJuly 1, 1985.
Montgomery GI BillSelected Reserve (Public Law98-525),
established an education program for mem-bers of the Selected
Reserve (which includes theNational Guard) who enlist, reenlist, or
extend anenlistment after June 30, 1985, for a 6-year period.
1986 Handicapped Childrens Protection Act of 1986 (Pub-lic Law
99-372) allowed parents of children with dis-abilities to collect
attorneys fees in cases broughtunder the Education of the
Handicapped Act andprovided that the Education of the Handicapped
Actdoes not preempt other laws, such as Section 504 ofthe
Rehabilitation Act.
Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986(Part of Public Law
99-570) established programsfor drug abuse education and
prevention, coordi-nated with related community efforts and
resources,through the use of federal financial assistance.
1988 Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementaryand
Secondary School Improvement Amendments of1988 (Public Law 100-297)
reauthorized through1993 major elementary and secondary
educationprograms, including Chapter 1, Chapter 2,
BilingualEducation, Math-Science Education, MagnetSchools, Impact
Aid, Indian Education, Adult Edu-cation, and other smaller
education programs.
Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Amend-ments Act of 1988
(Public Law 100-628) extendedfor 2 additional years programs
providing assistanceto the homeless, including literacy training
for home-less adults and education for homeless youths.
Tax Reform Technical Amendments (Public Law 100-647) authorized
an Education Savings Bond for thepurpose of postsecondary
educational expenses. Thebill grants tax exclusion for interest
earned on regu-lar series EE savings bonds.
1989 Childhood Education and Development Act of 1989(Part of
Public Law 101-239) authorized the appropri-ations to expand Head
Start programs and programscarried out under the Elementary and
Secondary Edu-cation Act of 1965 to include child care
services.
1990 Excellence in Mathematics, Science and EngineeringEducation
Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-589) createda national mathematics and
science clearinghouseand created several other mathematics,
science, andengineering education programs.
Student Right-To-Know and Campus Security Act (Pub-lic Law
101-542) required higher education institu-tions receiving federal
financial assistance to providecertain information about graduation
rates of student-athletes and about campus crime statistics and
securitypolicies. (The 1990 campus crime and security legisla-tion,
along with later acts that amended it, is generallyreferred to as
the Clery Act.)
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Public Law101-336)
prohibited discrimination against peoplewith disabilities.
National and Community Service Act of 1990 (PublicLaw 101-610)
increased school and college-basedcommunity service opportunities
and authorized thePresidents Points of Light Foundation.
1991 National Literacy Act of 1991 (Public Law
102-73)established the National Institute for Literacy, theNational
Institute Board, and the Interagency TaskForce on Literacy. Amended
various federal laws toestablish and extend various literacy
programs.
High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (PublicLaw 102-194)
directed the President to implement aNational High-Performance
Computing Program.Provided for (1) establishment of a
NationalResearch and Education Network; (2) standards andguidelines
for high-performance networks; and (3)the responsibility of certain
federal departments andagencies with regard to the Network.
Veterans Educational Assistance Amendments of1991 (Public Law
102-127) restored certain educa-tional benefits available to
reserve and active-dutypersonnel under the Montgomery GI Bill to
stu-dents whose courses of studies were interrupted bythe Persian
Gulf War.DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2015
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CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related Activities
761Civil Rights Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-166)amended the Civil
Rights Act of 1964, the Age Dis-crimination in Employment Act of
1967, and theAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990, with regardto
employment discrimination. Established the Tech-nical Assistance
Training Institute.
1992 Ready-To-Learn Act (Public Law 102-545) amendedthe General
Education Provisions Act to establishReady-To-Learn Television
programs to supporteducational programming and related materials
forpreschool and elementary school children and theirparents, child
care providers, and educators.
1993 Student Loan Reform Act (Public Law 103-66)reformed the
student aid process by phasing in a sys-tem of direct lending
designed to provide savings fortaxpayers and students. Allows
students to chooseamong a variety of repayment options,
includingincome contingency.
National Service Trust Act (Public Law 103-82)amended the
National and Community Service Actof 1990 to establish a
Corporation for National Ser-vice. In addition, provided education
grants up to$4,725 per year for 2 years to people age 17 or
olderwho perform community service before, during, orafter
postsecondary education.
1994 Goals 2000: Educate America Act (Public Law 103-227)
established a new federal partnership through asystem of grants to
states and local communities toreform the nations education system.
The Act for-malized the national education goals and establishedthe
National Education Goals Panel.
School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 (PublicLaw 103-239)
established a national frameworkwithin which states and communities
can developSchool-to-Work Opportunities systems to prepareyoung
people for first jobs and continuing education.The Act also
provided money to states and commu-nities to develop a system of
programs that includework-based learning, school-based learning,
andconnecting activities components.
Safe Schools Act of 1994 (Part of Public Law 103-227)authorized
the award of competitive grants to localeducational agencies with
serious crime to imple-ment violence prevention activities such as
conflictresolution and peer mediation.
1996 Contract With America: Unfunded Mandates (PublicLaw 104-4)
ended the imposition, in the absence offull consideration by
Congress, of federal mandateson state, local, and tribal
governments without ade-quate funding, in a manner that may
displace otheressential governmental priorities; and ensured
thatthe federal government pays the costs incurred bythose
governments in complying with certainrequirements under federal
statutes and regulations.
1997 The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-34)enacted
the Hope Scholarship and Life-Long Learn-ing Tax Credit provisions
into law.
Emergency Student Loan Consolidation Act of 1997(Public Law
105-78) amended the Higher EducationAct of 1965 to provide for
improved student loanconsolidation services.
1998 Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-220)
enacted the Adult Education and Family Liter-acy Act, and
substantially revised and extended,through FY 2003, the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policyand Campus
Crime Statistics Act (Public Law 105-244) expanded crime categories
that must bereported by postsecondary institutions.
Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency SupplementalAppropriations
Act, 1999 (Public Law 105-277)enacted the Reading Excellence Act,
to promote theability of children to read independently by the
thirdgrade; and earmarked funds to help states and schooldistricts
reduce class sizes in the early grades.
Charter School Expansion Act (Public Law 105-278)amended the
charter school program, enacted in1994 as Title X, Part C of the
Elementary and Sec-ondary Education Act of 1965.
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied TechnologyEducation
Amendments of 1998 (Public Law 105-332) revised, in its entirety,
the Carl D. PerkinsVocational and Applied Technology Education
Act,and reauthorized the Act through FY 2003.
Assistive Technology Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-394)replaced
the Technology-Related Assistance for Indi-viduals with
Disabilities Act of 1988 with a new Act,authorized through FY 2004,
to address the assistive-technology needs of individuals with
disabilities.
1999 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 (PublicLaw
106-25) authorized the Secretary of Educationto allow all states to
participate in the EducationFlexibility Partnership program.
District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999 (Pub-lic Law
106-98) established a program to afford highschool graduates from
the District of Columbia thebenefits of in-state tuition at state
colleges and uni-versities outside the District of Columbia.
2000 The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year2001
(Public Law 106-398) included, as Title XVIII,the Impact Aid
Reauthorization Act of 2000, whichextended the Impact Aid programs
through FY 2003.
College Scholarship Fraud Prevention Act of 2000(Public Law
106-420) enhanced federal penalties foroffenses involving
scholarship fraud; required anannual scholarship fraud report by
the Attorney Gen-eral, the Secretary of Education, and the
FederalTrade Commission (FTC); and required the Secre-tary of
Education, in conjunction with the FTC, tomaintain a scholarship
fraud awareness website.DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2015
-
762 CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related
ActivitiesConsolidated Appropriations Act 2001 (Public Law106-554)
created a new program of assistance forschool repair and
renovation, and amended the Ele-mentary and Secondary Education Act
of 1965 toauthorize credit enhancement initiatives to help char-ter
schools obtain, construct, or repair facilities;reauthorized the
Even Start program; and enacted theChildrens Internet Protection
Act.
2001 50th Anniversary of Brown v. the Board of Education(Public
Law 107-41) established a commission for thepurpose of encouraging
and providing for the com-memoration of the 50th anniversary of the
1954Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education.
2002 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law
107-110)provided for the comprehensive reauthorization of
theElementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965,incorporating
specific proposals in such areas as test-ing, accountability,
parental choice, and early reading.
Education Sciences Reform Act (Public Law 107-279)established
the Institute of Education Scienceswithin the U.S. Department of
Education to carry outa coordinated, focused agenda of
high-qualityresearch, statistics, and evaluation that is relevant
tothe educational challenges of the nation.
The Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Stu-dents Act of
2001 (Public Law 107-122) provided theSecretary of Education with
waiver authority overstudent financial aid programs under Title IV
of theHigher Education Act of 1965, to deal with studentand family
situations resulting from the September11, 2001, terrorist
attacks.
Public Law 107-139 amended Title IV of the HigherEducation Act
to establish fixed interest rates for stu-dent and parent
borrowers.
2003 The Higher Education Relief Opportunities for StudentsAct
of 2003 (Public Law 108-76) provided the Secre-tary of Education
with waiver authority over studentfinancial aid programs under
Title IV of the HigherEducation Act of 1965, to deal with student
and familysituations resulting from wars or national
emergencies.
2004 Assistive Technology Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-364)
reauthorized the Assistive Technology pro-gram, administered by the
Department of Education.
Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 (Public Law108-409)
temporarily stopped excessive specialallowance payments to certain
lenders under the Fed-eral Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program
andincreased the amount of loans that can be forgivenfor certain
borrowers who are highly qualified math-ematics, science, and
special education teachers whoserve in high-poverty schools for 5
years.
Individuals with Disabilities Education ImprovementAct of 2004
(Public Law 108-446) provided a com-prehensive reauthorization of
the Individuals withDisabilities Education Act.
2005 Student Grant Hurricane and Disaster Relief Act(Public Law
109-67) authorized the Secretary ofEducation to waive certain
repayment requirementsfor students receiving campus-based federal
grantassistance if they were residing in, employed in, orattending
an institution of higher education locatedin a major disaster area,
or their attendance was inter-rupted because of the disaster.
Natural Disaster Student Aid Fairness Act (PublicLaw 109-86)
authorized the Secretary of Educationduring FY 2006 to reallocate
campus-based studentaid funds to institutions of higher learning in
Louisi-ana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas, or institutionsthat
had accepted students displaced by HurricaneKatrina or Rita. The
law also waived requirementsfor matching funds that are normally
imposed oninstitutions and students.
Hurricane Education Recovery Act (Public Law 109-148, provision
in the Defense Department Appropri-ations Act for FY 2006) provided
funds for statesaffected by Hurricane Katrina to restart school
oper-ations, provide temporary emergency aid for dis-placed
students, and assist homeless youth. The lawalso permitted the
Secretary of Education to extenddeadlines under the Individuals
with DisabilitiesEducation Act for those affected by Katrina or
Rita.
2006 Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (PublicLaw
109-171) made various amendments to pro-grams of student financial
assistance under Title IVof the Higher Education Act of1965.
Public Law 109-211 reauthorized the ED-FLEX pro-gram (under the
Education Flexibility Partnership Actof1999), under which the
Secretary of Education per-mits states to waive certain
requirements of federalstatutes and regulations if they meet
certain conditions.
Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical EducationImprovement Act of
2006 (Public Law 109-270)reauthorized the vocational and technical
educationprograms under the Perkins Act through 2012.
2007 America COMPETES Act (or America CreatingOpportunities to
Meaningfully Promote Excellencein Technology, Education, and
Science Act) (PublicLaw 110-69) created new STEM (science,
technol-ogy, engineering, and mathematics) education pro-grams in
various agencies, including the Departmentof Education.
College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007 (Pub-lic Law
110-84) reduced interest rates on studentloans and made other
amendments to the HigherEducation Act of 1965 to make college more
acces-sible and affordable.
Public Law 110-93 made permanent the waiverauthority of the
Secretary of Education with respectto student financial assistance
during a war or othermilitary operation or national
emergency.DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2015
-
CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related Activities
7632008 Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of2008
(Public Law 110-227) provided various author-ities to the
Department of Education, among otherprovisions, to help ensure that
college students andtheir parents continue to have access to loans
in thetight credit market.
Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110-315) provided a
comprehensive reauthorization ofthe Higher Education Act of
1965.
2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(Public Law
111-5) provided about $100 billion tostate education systems and
supplemental appropria-tions for several Department of Education
programs.
Public Law 111-39 made miscellaneous and technicalamendments to
the Higher Education Act of 1965.
2010 Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of2010 (Public
Law 111-152) included, as Title II, theSAFRA Act (also known as the
Student Aid andFiscal Responsibility Act). The SAFRA Act endedthe
federal governments role in subsidizing finan-cial institutions
that make student loans through theFederal Family Education Loan
(FFEL) Programunder Part B of Title IV of the Higher Education
Actof 1965 (HEA), and correspondingly expanded theFederal Direct
Student Loan Program administeredby the Department of Education
under Part D of TitleIV of the HEA.
Public Law 111-226 provided an additional $10 bil-lion to states
and school districts, through an Educa-tion Jobs Fund modeled
closely on the State FiscalStabilization Fund created by the 2009
RecoveryAct, to hire (or avoid laying off) teachers and
othereducators.
2013 The Bipartisan Student Loan Certainty Act of 2013(Public
Law 113-28) amended the Higher EducationAct of 1965 (HEA) to govern
the interest rates on thevarious categories of student loans under
Title IV ofthe HEA.
Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013(Public Law
113-4) amended the Clery Act, increas-
ing the responsibility of postsecondary institutions toprevent,
address, and report crimes on campus.
2014 Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (PublicLaw
113-128) amended the Workforce InvestmentAct of 1998 to strengthen
the U.S. workforce devel-opment system through innovation in, and
alignmentand improvement of, employment, training, and edu-cation
programs in the United States, and to promoteindividual and
national economic growth, and forother purposes.
Public Law 113-174 extended the National AdvisoryCommittee on
Institutional Quality and Integrity andthe Advisory Committee on
Student Financial Assis-tance for 1 year.
2015 Need-Based Educational Aid Act of 2015 (Public Law114-44)
amended the Improving Americas SchoolsAct of 1994 to extend through
FY 2022 the antitrustexemption that allows higher education
institutionsthat admit all students on a need-blind basis to
enteror attempt to enter into agreements among them-selves
regarding the administration of need-basedfinancial aid.
STEM Education Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-59)defined STEM
education to include computer sci-ence, and provided for continued
support for existingSTEM education programs at the National
ScienceFoundation.
Every Student Succeeds Act (Public Law 114-95) reau-thorized and
amended the Elementary and Second-ary Education Act of 1965,
incorporating provisionsto expand state responsibility over
schools, providegrants to charter schools, and reduce the federal
test-based accountability system of the No Child LeftBehind
Act.
Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2015(Public Law
114-105) temporarily extended the Fed-eral Perkins Loan program,
allowing continued dis-bursement of loans to current
undergraduateborrowers through September 30, 2017.DIGEST OF
EDUCATION STATISTICS 2015
-
764 CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related
ActivitiesFigure 20. Federal on-budget funds for education, by
level or other educational purpose: Selected years, 1965 through
2015
1Other education includes libraries, museums, cultural
activities, and miscellaneous research. NOTE: The increase in
postsecondary expenditures in 2006 resulted primarily from an
accounting adjustment. Amounts for 2009 include funds from the
American Recovery and Rein-vestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). Data for
research at educational institutions are estimated for 2015.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished
tabulations. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for
Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations.U.S. Office of
Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix,
fiscal years 1967 through 2016. National Science Foundation,
Federal Funds for Research andDevelopment, fiscal years 1967
through 2015.
Figure 21. Percentage distribution of federal on-budget funds
for education, by agency: Fiscal year 2014
1In addition to the nine agencies shown in this figure, other
agencies provide smaller amounts of funding for education.NOTE:
On-budget funds are tied to federal appropriations for education
programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE:
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and
Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appen-dix, fiscal year 2015.
National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and
Development, fiscal year 2014.
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20152010
Billions of constant fiscal year 2015 dollars
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
$300Total
Elementaryand secondary
Postsecondary
Other education1
Research at educational institutions
Fiscal year
12.1
50.2
6.9
15.2
Agency
Total = $190.5 billion (fiscal year 2014 dollars)
0
20
40
60
80
100
3.8
1.23.1
2.91.7
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Agriculture
Department of Veterans Affairs
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Science Foundation
Department of EnergyDepartment of Labor
Department of Education
Percent
2.9
Other1
Department of Defense DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2015
-
CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related Activities
765On-Budget and Off-Budget SupportOnTab
le 4
01.1
0.Fe
dera
l sup
port
and
est
imat
ed fe
dera
l tax
exp
endi
ture
s fo
r edu
catio
n, b
y ca
tego
ry: S
elec
ted
fisca
l yea
rs, 1
965
thro
ugh
2015
[In th
ousa
nds
of d
olla
rs]
Fisc
al y
ear
Tota
l on-
budg
etsu
ppor
t,of
f-bud
get
supp
ort,
and
nonf
eder
alfu
nds
gene
rate
dby
fede
ral
legi
slat
ion
On-
budg
et s
uppo
rt1O
ff-bu
dget
sup
port
and
nonf
eder
al fu
nds
gene
rate
d by
fede
ral l
egis
latio
n
Estim
ated
fede
ral t
axex
pend
iture
sfo
r edu
catio
n2To
tal
Elem
enta
ryan
dse
cond
ary
Post
-se
cond
ary
Oth
ered
ucat
ion3
Res
earc
h at
educ
atio
nal
inst
itutio
nsTo
tal
Off-
budg
et
supp
ort
Non
fede
ral f
unds
Dire
ct L
oan
Prog
ram
4
Fede
ral
Fam
ilyEd
ucat
ion
Loan
Prog
ram
5Pe
rkin
sLo
ans6
Inco
me
Con
tinge
ntLo
ans7
Leve
ragi
ngEd
ucat
iona
lAs
sist
ance
Partn
ersh
ips8
Supp
lem
enta
lEd
ucat
iona
lO
ppor
tuni
tyG
rant
s9W
ork-
Stud
yAi
d10
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
Cur
rent
dol
lars
1965
......
......
......
......
......
....
$5,3
24,7
67$5
,331
,016
$1,9
42,5
77$1
,197
,511
$374
,652
$1,8
16,2
76-$
6,24
9
$1
6,11
1
-$22
,360
19
70...
......
......
......
......
......
.13
,365
,315
12,5
26,4
995,
830,
442
3,44
7,69
796
4,71
92,
283,
641
838,
816
$7
70,0
0020
,976
47
,840
19
75...
......
......
......
......
......
.24
,451
,787
23,2
88,1
2010
,617
,195
7,64
4,03
71,
608,
478
3,41
8,41
01,
163,
667
1,
233,
000
35,6
67
$20,
000
-1
25,0
00$8
,605
,000
1980
......
......
......
......
......
....
39,3
10,2
4134
,493
,502
16,0
27,6
8611
,115
,882
1,54
8,73
05,
801,
204
4,81
6,73
9
4,59
8,00
031
,778
76
,800
11
0,16
113
,320
,000
1985
......
......
......
......
......
....
47,6
55,7
6339
,027
,876
16,9
01,3
3411
,174
,379
2,10
7,58
88,
844,
575
8,62
7,88
7
8,46
7,00
021
,387
76
,000
63
,500
19,1
05,0
0019
86...
......
......
......
......
......
.48
,260
,015
39,9
62,9
0117
,049
,940
11,2
83,5
892,
620,
021
9,00
9,35
18,
297,
114
8,
142,
000
20,2
03
72,7
00
62,2
1120
,425
,000
1987
......
......
......
......
......
....
50,6
06,7
3641
,194
,718
17,5
35,7
0710
,299
,998
2,82
0,40
710
,538
,606
9,41
2,01
8
9,27
2,00
020
,889
$556
76,0
00
42,5
7320
,830
,000
1988
......
......
......
......
......
....
53,9
65,5
2143
,454
,424
18,5
64,8
5910
,657
,530
2,98
1,57
111
,250
,464
10,5
11,0
97
10,3
80,0
0020
,637
479
72,8
00
37,1
8117
,025
,000
1989
......
......
......
......
......
....
59,4
18,9
0548
,269
,575
19,8
09,5
2813
,269
,888
3,18
0,33
412
,009
,825
11,1
49,3
30
10,9
38,0
0020
,390
549
71,9
00$6
5,14
053
,351
17,7
55,0
00
1990
......
......
......
......
......
....
62,7
78,7
9251
,624
,342
21,9
84,3
6113
,650
,915
3,38
3,03
112
,606
,035
11,1
54,4
50
10,8
26,0
0015
,014
500
59,1
8112
7,71
912
6,03
619
,040
,000
1991
......
......
......
......
......
....
70,3
49,1
1657
,599
,477
25,4
18,0
3114
,707
,407
3,69
8,61
713
,775
,422
12,7
49,6
39
12,3
72,0
0017
,349
500
63,5
3013
1,11
516
5,14
518
,995
,000
1992
......
......
......
......
......
....
74,4
81,6
5660
,483
,092
27,9
26,8
8714
,387
,387
3,99
1,95
514
,176
,863
13,9
98,5
64
13,5
68,0
0017
,333
542
72,0
0017
5,65
616
5,03
319
,950
,000
1993
......
......
......
......
......
....
84,6
92,8
6967
,740
,617
30,8
34,3
2617
,844
,015
4,10
7,19
314
,955
,083
16,9
52,2
52
16,5
24,0
0029
,255
72
,429
172,
023
154,
545
21,0
10,0
0019
94...
......
......
......
......
......
.92
,718
,577
68,2
54,2
0532
,304
,356
16,1
77,0
514,
483,
704
15,2
89,0
9424
,464
,372
$813
,000
23,2
14,0
0052
,667
72
,429
172,
000
140,
276
22,6
30,0
00
1995
......
......
......
......
......
....
95,7
63,2
8771
,639
,520
33,6
23,8
0917
,618
,137
4,71
9,65
515
,677
,919
24,1
23,7
675,
161,
000
18,5
19,0
0052
,667
63
,400
181,
000
146,
700
24,6
00,0
0019
96...
......
......
......
......
......
.96
,795
,962
71,3
27,3
6234
,391
,501
15,7
75,5
084,
828,
038
16,3
32,3
1525
,468
,600
8,35
7,00
016
,711
,000
31,1
00
31,4
0017
9,00
015
9,10
026
,340
,000
1997
......
......
......
......
......
....
103,
140,
145
73,7
31,8
4535
,478
,905
15,9
59,4
255,
021,
163
17,2
72,3
5229
,408
,300
9,83
8,00
019
,163
,000
52,7
00
50,0
0022
8,20
076
,400
28,1
25,0
0019
98...
......
......
......
......
......
.10
7,70
6,07
576
,909
,233
37,4
86,1
6615
,799
,570
5,14
8,49
218
,475
,005
30,7
96,8
4210
,400
,100
20,0
02,5
0045
,000
25
,000
240,
950
83,2
9229
,540
,000
1999
......
......
......
......
......
....
113,
285,
097
82,8
63,5
9739
,937
,911
17,6
51,1
995,
318,
020
19,9
56,4
6730
,421
,500
9,95
3,00
020
,107
,000
33,3
00
25,0
0025
5,90
047
,300
37,3
60,0
00
2000
......
......
......
......
......
....
119,
367,
271
85,9
44,2
0343
,790
,783
15,0
08,7
155,
484,
571
21,6
60,1
3433
,423
,068
10,3
47,0
0022
,711
,000
33,3
00
50,0
0027
6,74
35,
025
39,4
75,0
0020
01...
......
......
......
......
......
.13
0,61
8,22
494
,846
,476
48,5
30,0
6114
,938
,278
5,88
0,00
725
,498
,130
35,7
71,7
4810
,635
,000
24,6
94,0
0025
,000
80
,000
316,
655
21,0
9341
,460
,000
2002
......
......
......
......
......
....
150,
030,
786
109,
211,
479
52,7
54,1
1822
,964
,176
6,29
7,69
727
,195
,488
40,8
19,3
0711
,689
,000
28,6
06,0
0025
,000
10
4,00
030
8,81
186
,496
20
03...
......
......
......
......
......
.17
0,67
7,32
712
4,37
4,48
959
,274
,219
29,4
99,6
946,
532,
502
29,0
68,0
7446
,302
,838
11,9
69,0
0033
,791
,000
33,0
00
103,
000
304,
671
102,
167
20
04...
......
......
......
......
......
.18
5,04
0,37
113
2,42
0,70
362
,653
,231
32,4
32,9
746,
576,
821
30,7
57,6
7752
,619
,668
12,8
40,0
0039
,266
,000
33,0
00
102,
000
295,
143
83,5
25
2005
......
......
......
......
......
....
204,
558,
951
147,
878,
146
68,9
57,7
1138
,587
,287
6,91
3,45
133
,419
,698
56,6
80,8
0512
,930
,000
43,2
84,0
000
10
1,00
030
5,64
460
,161
20
0611
......
......
......
......
......
.22
6,95
1,15
116
6,49
5,66
170
,948
,229
57,7
57,7
387,
074,
484
30,7
15,2
1060
,455
,490
12,6
77,0
0047
,307
,000
0
100,
000
309,
608
61,8
82
2007
......
......
......
......
......
....
210,
509,
705
145,
697,
988
70,7
35,8
7537
,465
,287
7,21
4,90
630
,281
,920
64,8
11,7
1713
,022
,000
51,3
20,0
000
10
0,00
028
7,12
682
,591
20
08...
......
......
......
......
......
.22
0,36
0,44
014
4,33
8,88
971
,272
,580
36,3
86,2
717,
882,
220
28,7
97,8
1776
,021
,551
18,2
13,0
0057
,296
,000
0
98,0
0028
1,81
213
2,73
9
2009
12...
......
......
......
......
....
368,
486,
844
271,
297,
568
172,
660,
784
53,0
85,4
018,
853,
694
36,6
97,6
8997
,189
,276
29,7
38,0
0066
,778
,000
0
98,0
0030
9,05
826
6,21
8
2010
......
......
......
......
......
....
288,
081,
805
183,
189,
989
86,6
81,7
8350
,188
,459
9,32
6,44
136
,993
,306
104,
891,
816
84,7
03,0
0019
,618
,000
0
98,0
0025
5,10
821
7,70
8
2011
......
......
......
......
......
....
293,
297,
670
183,
942,
414
76,4
06,3
1564
,422
,753
11,0
96,2
3432
,017
,112
109,
355,
256
108,
926,
300
00
0
231,
480
197,
476
20
12...
......
......
......
......
......
.29
5,44
1,14
919
0,40
0,10
878
,529
,067
70,3
04,3
479,
390,
511
32,1
76,1
8410
5,04
1,04
110
4,61
3,00
80
0
024
3,87
118
4,16
2
2013
......
......
......
......
......
....
284,
367,
652
182,
297,
588
78,9
65,8
9963
,353
,225
9,63
8,63
130
,339
,833
102,
070,
064
101,
731,
079
00
0
192,
116
146,
869
20
14...
......
......
......
......
......
.29
1,09
4,41
819
0,49
8,20
979
,411
,320
69,4
39,8
619,
443,
392
32,2
03,6
3610
0,59
6,20
910
0,15
6,08
20
0
024
4,91
813
195,
209
13
2015
......
......
......
......
......
....
297,
974,
582
196,
456,
123
77,5
65,9
8976
,955
,169
9,46
7,08
632
,467
,878
1310
1,51
8,45
910
1,08
8,45
30
0
024
3,38
313
186,
622
13
Con
stan
t fis
cal y
ear 2
015
dolla
rs14
1965
......
......
......
......
......
....
$37,
612,
810
$37,
656,
951
$13,
721,
874
$8,4
58,9
15$2
,646
,447
$12,
829,
715
-$44
,141
$113
,804
-$
157,
945
19
70...
......
......
......
......
......
.77
,207
,744
72,3
62,1
3533
,680
,858
19,9
16,3
965,
572,
916
13,1
91,9
654,
845,
609
$4
,448
,078
121,
173
27
6,35
9
1975
......
......
......
......
......
....
99,4
94,1
0494
,759
,153
43,2
01,2
7231
,103
,519
6,54
4,88
313
,909
,480
4,73
4,95
1
5,01
7,06
614
5,12
9
$81,
380
-5
08,6
24$3
5,01
3,66
819
80...
......
......
......
......
......
.10
9,09
0,14
595
,723
,177
44,4
78,5
5230
,847
,768
4,29
7,89
216
,098
,965
13,3
66,9
69
12,7
59,9
4488
,187
21
3,12
8
305,
709
36,9
64,4
32
1985
......
......
......
......
......
....
97,2
98,2
9179
,682
,821
34,5
07,2
8322
,814
,617
4,30
3,04
118
,057
,880
17,6
15,4
70
17,2
86,9
8943
,666
15
5,16
8
129,
647
39,0
06,4
8619
86...
......
......
......
......
......
.96
,484
,849
79,8
96,6
6934
,087
,451
22,5
58,9
525,
238,
132
18,0
12,1
3416
,588
,179
16
,278
,065
40,3
91
145,
347
12
4,37
740
,835
,110
1987
......
......
......
......
......
....
98,3
62,1
3680
,068
,401
34,0
83,3
9920
,019
,663
5,48
1,90
420
,483
,435
18,2
93,7
34
18,0
21,5
8840
,601
$1,0
8114
7,71
8
82,7
4740
,486
,375
1988
......
......
......
......
......
....
101,
457,
029
81,6
95,8
0734
,902
,571
20,0
36,5
225,
605,
456
21,1
51,2
5819
,761
,222
19
,514
,756
38,7
9890
013
6,86
6
69,9
0232
,007
,584
1989
......
......
......
......
......
....
107,
579,
697
87,3
93,5
0435
,865
,741
24,0
25,5
285,
758,
089
21,7
44,1
4620
,186
,194
19
,803
,575
36,9
1799
413
0,17
7$1
17,9
3896
,594
32,1
45,9
56
See
not
es a
t end
of t
able
.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2015
-Budge
t
a
-
766 CHAPTER 4: Federal Funds for Education and Related
ActivitiesOn-Budget and Off-Budget SupportN
ot a
vaila
ble.
Not
app
licab
le.
1 On-
budg
et s
uppo
rt in
clud
es fe
dera
l fun
ds fo
r ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
s tie
d to
app
ropr
iatio
ns.
Exc
lude
s fe
dera
l sup
port
for
med
i-ca
l ed
ucat
ion
bene
fits
unde
r M
edic
are
in t
he U
.S.
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
Ben
efits
exc
lude
d be
caus
eda
ta b
efor
e fis
cal y
ear
(FY
) 19
90 a
re n
ot a
vaila
ble.
Thi
s pr
ogra
m e
xist
ed s
ince
Med
icar
e be
gan,
but
was
not
ava
ilabl
e as
ase
para
te b
udge
t ite
m u
ntil
FY
199
0. E
xclu
ded
amou
nts
rang
e fr
om a
n es
timat
ed $
4,44
0,00
0,00
0 in
FY
199
0 to
an
estim
ated
$11,
800,
000,
000
in F
Y 2
015.
2 Los
ses
of t
ax r
even
ue a
ttrib
utab
le t
o pr
ovis
ions
of
the
fede
ral i
ncom
e ta
x la
ws
that
allo
w a
spe
cial
exc
lusi
on,
exem
ptio
n, o
rde
duct
ion
from
gro
ss in
com
e or
pro
vide
a s
peci
al c
redi
t, pr
efer
entia
l rat
e of
tax,
or
a de
ferr
al o
f tax
liab
ility
affe
ctin
g in
divi
dual
or c
orpo
rate
inco
me
tax
liabi
litie
s.3 O
ther
edu
catio
n in
clud
es li
brar
ies,
mus
eum
s, c
ultu
ral a
ctiv
ities
, and
mis
cella
neou
s re
sear
ch.
4 The
Will
iam
D. F
ord
Fed
eral
Dire
ct L
oan
Pro
gram
(co
mm
only
ref
erre
d to
as
the
Dire
ct L
oan
Pro
gram
) pr
ovid
es s
tude
nts
with
the
sam
e be
nefit
s th
ey w
ere
elig
ible
to r
ecei
ve u
nder
the
Fed
eral
Fam
ily E
duca
tion
Loan
(F
FE
L) P
rogr
am, b
ut p
rovi
des
loan
sto
stu
dent
s th
roug
h fe
dera
l cap
ital r
athe
r th
an th
roug
h pr
ivat
e le
nder
s.5 T
he F
eder
al F
amily
Edu
catio
n Lo
an (
FF
EL)
Pro
gram
, fo
rmer
ly k
now
n as
the
Gua
rant
eed
Stu
dent
Loa
n P
rogr
am,
prov
ided
stud
ent
loan
s gu
aran
teed
by
the
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t an
d di
sbur
sed
to b
orro
wer
s. A
fter
June
30,
201
0, n
o ne
w F
FE
L lo
ans
have
bee
n or
igin
ated
; all
new
loan
s ar
e or
igin
ated
thro
ugh
the
Dire
ct L
oan
Pro
gram
. 6 S
tude
nt l
oans
cre
ated
fro
m i
nstit
utio
nal
mat
chin
g fu
nds
(sin
ce 1
993
one-
third
of
fede
ral
capi
tal
cont
ribut
ions
). E
xclu
des
repa
ymen
ts o
f out
stan
ding
loan
s.7 S
tude
nt lo
ans
crea
ted
from
inst
itutio
nal m
atch
ing
fund
s (o
ne-n
inth
of f
eder
al c
ontr
ibut
ions
). T
his
was
a d
emon
stra
tion
proj
ect
that
invo
lved
onl
y 10
inst
itutio
ns a
nd h
ad u
nsub
sidi
zed
inte
rest
rat
es. P
rogr
am r
epea
led
in fi
scal
yea
r 19
92.
8 For
mer
ly t
he S
tate
Stu
dent
Inc
entiv
e G
rant
Pro
gram
. S
tart
ing
in f
isca
l ye
ar 2
000,
am
ount
s un
der
$30.
0 m
illio
n ha
vere
quire
d do
llar-
for-
dolla
r st
ate
mat
chin
g co
ntri
butio
ns,
whi
le a
mou
nts
over
$30
.0 m
illio
n ha
ve r
equi
red
two-
to-o
ne s
tate
mat
chin
g co
ntri
butio
ns.
9 Ins
titut
ions
aw
ard
gran
ts t
o un
derg
radu
ate
stud
ents
, and
the
fede
ral s
hare
of s
uch
gran
ts m
ay n
ot e
xcee
d 75
per
cent
of t
heto
tal g
rant
.10
Em
ploy
er c
ontr
ibut
ions
to s
tude
nt e
arni
ngs
are
gene
rally
one
-thi
rd o
f fed
eral
allo
catio
n.11
The
incr
ease
in p
osts
econ
dary
exp
endi
ture
s in
200
6 re
sulte
d pr
imar
ily fr
om a
n ac
coun
ting
adju
stm
ent.
12A
ll ed
ucat
ion
fund
s fr
om th
e A
mer
ican
Rec
over
y an
d R
einv
estm
ent A
ct o
f 200
9 (A
RR
A)
are
incl
uded
in th
e F
Y 2
009
row
of
this
tab
le.
Mos
t of
the
se f
unds
had
a 2
-yea
r av
aila
bilit
y, m
eani
ng t
hat
they
wer
e av
aila
ble
for
the
Dep
artm
ent
of E
duca
tion
toob
ligat
e du
ring
FY
200
9 an
d F
Y 2
010.
13E
stim
ated
.14
Dat
a ad
just
ed b
y th
e fe
dera
l bud
get c
ompo
site
def
lato
r, as
rep
orte
d in
the
U.S
. Offi
ce o
f Man
agem
ent a
nd B
udge
ts B
udge
tof
the
U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent,
His
toric
al T
able
s, F
isca
l Yea
r 20
16.
NO
TE
: To
the
exte
nt p
ossi
ble,
fede
ral e
duca
tion
fund
s da
ta d
o no
t rep
rese
nt o
blig
atio
ns, b
ut in
stea
d re
pres
ent a
ppro
pria
tions
or (
espe
cial
ly f
or e
arlie
r ye
ars)
out
lays
. N
egat
ive
amou
nts
occu
r w
hen
prog
ram
rec
eipt
s ex
ceed
out
lays
. S
ome
data
hav
ebe
en r
evis
ed fr
om p
revi
ousl
y pu
blis
hed
figur
es. D
etai
l may
not
sum
to to
tals
bec
ause
of r
ound
ing.
S
OU
RC
E:
U.S
. D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n, B
udge
t S
ervi
ce,
unpu
blis
hed
tabu
latio
ns.
U.S
. D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n, N
atio
nal
Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics,
unp
ublis
hed
tabu
latio
ns. U
.S. O
ffice
of M
anag
emen
t and
Bud
get,
Bud
get o
f the
U.S
. Gov
ern-
men
t, A
ppen
dix,
fis
cal
year
s 19
67 t
hrou
gh 2
016.
Nat
iona
l S
cien
ce F
ound
atio
n, F
eder
al F
unds
for
Res
earc
h an
d D
evel
op-
men
t, fis
cal y
ears
196
7 th
roug
h 20
15. (
Thi
s ta
ble
was
pre
pare
d M
ay 2
016.
)
1990
......
......
......
......
......
....
110,
401,
306
90,7
85,3
5338
,661
,180
24,0
06,1
785,
949,
319
22,1
68,6
7619
,615
,953
19
,038
,349
26,4
0387
910
4,07
422
4,60
422
1,64
433
,483
,296
1991
......
......
......
......
......
....
118,
236,
526
96,8
08,0
6842
,720
,362
24,7
18,8
996,
216,
306
23,1
52,5
0221
,428
,457
20
,793
,755
29,1
5984
010
6,77
622
0,36
627
7,56
131
,925
,103
1992
......
......
......
......
......
....
120,
653,
244
97,9
76,8
9345
,238
,918
23,3
06,2
076,
466,
590
22,9
65,1
7822
,676
,351
21
,978
,878
28,0
7887
811
6,63
328
4,54
626
7,33
832
,317
,115
1993
......
......
......
......
......
....
133,
239,
749
106,
570,
281
48,5
08,9
0028
,072
,400
6,46
1,48
123
,527
,500
26,6
69,4
69
25,9
95,7
3846
,024
11
3,94
627
0,62
824
3,13
233
,053
,162
1994
......
......
......
......
......
....
143,
256,
731
105,
457,
553
49,9
12,5
0524
,994
,683
6,92
7,63
823
,622
,727
37,7
99,1
78$1
,256
,142
35,8
67,2
6581
,374
11
1,90
826
5,75
221
6,73
634
,964
,944
1995
......
......
......
......
......
....
143,
769,
435
107,
552,
420
50,4
79,4
2926
,450
,111
7,08
5,61
923
,537
,262
36,2
17,0
147,
748,
210
27,8
02,5
7779
,069
95
,182
271,
735
220,
241
36,9
31,9
8319
96...
......
......
......
......
......
.14
2,33
9,37
010
4,88
7,55
550
,573
,025
23,1
98,0
337,
099,
675
24,0
16,8
2237
,451
,815
12,2
89,0
4724
,573
,682
45,7
33
46,1
7426
3,22
123
3,95
838
,733
,217
1997
......
......
......
......
......
....
148,
639,
962
106,
258,
321
51,1
30,2
6622
,999
,854
7,23
6,22
724
,891
,973
42,3
81,6
4114
,177
,990
27,6
16,6
7275
,948
72
,057
328,
869
110,
104
40,5
32,2
1919
98...
......
......
......
......
......
.15
3,82
5,75
710
9,84
1,72
553
,537
,722
22,5
64,9
377,
353,
073
26,3
85,9
9243
,984
,033
14,8
53,4
1728
,567
,560
64,2
69
35,7
0534
4,12
511
8,95
842
,189
,012
1999
......
......
......
......
......
....
159,
775,
972
116,
869,
846
56,3
27,9
6124
,895
,044
7,50
0,47
328
,146
,367
42,9
06,1
2714
,037
,594
28,3
58,6
7746
,966
35
,260
360,
918
66,7
1152
,692
,106
2000
......
......
......
......
......
....
164,
277,
878
118,
279,
752
60,2
66,5
7820
,655
,577
7,54
8,08
029
,809
,518
45,9
98,1
2514
,239
,944
31,2
55,7
6145
,829
68
,812
380,
864
6,91
654
,327
,029
2001
......
......
......
......
......
....
175,
083,
323
127,
134,
145
65,0
50,6
8020
,023
,572
7,88
1,68
134
,178
,212
47,9
49,1
7814
,255
,370
33,1
00,3
4033
,511
10
7,23
442
4,45
128
,273
55,5
73,8
2720
02...
......
......
......
......
......
.19
7,81
7,03
414
3,99
6,38
569
,556
,812
30,2
78,4
878,
303,
574
35,8
57,5
1253
,820
,649
15,4
12,0
5937
,717
,286
32,9
63
137,
125
407,
170
114,
046
20
03...
......
......
......
......
......
.21
8,85
8,01
015
9,48
4,29
576
,006
,801
37,8
27,1
948,
376,
569
37,2
73,7
3159
,373
,715
15,3
47,7
4243
,329
,897
42,3
16
132,
076
390,
677
131,
008
20
04...
......
......
......
......
......
.23
1,22
1,42
316
5,46
9,31
478
,289
,776
40,5
27,3
648,
218,
217
38,4
33,9
5865
,752
,108
16,0
44,5
1549
,065
,727
41,2
36
127,
456
368,
803
104,
371
2005
......
......
......
......
......
....
247,
056,
225
178,
599,
941
83,2
83,7
2646
,603
,824
8,34
9,72
540
,362
,665
68,4
56,2
8415
,616
,217
52,2
76,2
830
12
1,98
336
9,14
272
,659
20
0611
......
......
......
......
......
.26
4,96
9,57
519
4,38
6,69
782
,833
,341
67,4
33,2
048,
259,
588
35,8
60,5
6370
,582
,878
14,8
00,6
2755
,231
,778
0
116,
752
361,
473
72,2
48
2007
......
......
......
......
......
....
239,
453,
698
165,
730,
706
80,4
61,6
9142
,616
,570
8,20
6,91
834
,445
,527
73,7
22,9
9214
,812
,457
58,3
76,2
340
11
3,74
932
6,60
493
,947
20
08...
......
......
......
......
......
.24
2,19
5,57
415
8,64
1,17
978
,334
,857
39,9
91,7
248,
663,
256
31,6
51,3
4383
,554
,395
20,0
17,6
9562
,973
,361
0
107,
711
309,
736
145,
892
20
0912
......
......
......
......
......
.40
4,23
0,06
729
7,61
3,43
218
9,40
8,88
058
,234
,685
9,71
2,50
240
,257
,365
106,
616,
636
32,6
22,5
8673
,255
,466
0
107,
506
339,
037
292,
041
2010
......
......
......
......
......
....
312,
309,
260
198,
596,
124
93,9
71,6
5354
,409
,269
10,1
10,7
8840
,104
,414
113,
713,
136
91,8
26,4
5621
,267
,858
0
106,
242
276,
562
236,
017
20
11...
......
......
......
......
......
.31
1,83
1,30
819
5,56
5,83
581
,234
,471
68,4
93,6
6211
,797
,411
34,0
40,2
9111
6,26
5,47
411
5,80
9,41
20
0
024
6,10
720
9,95
5
2012
......
......
......
......
......
....
308,
313,
300
198,
695,
699
81,9
50,5
2073
,367
,455
9,79
9,64
833
,578
,077
109,
617,
601
109,
170,
919
00
