DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION

ByG. PRAVEEN KUMAR

&P. PANDEESWARAN

3RD CIVIL ENGINEERING,

DR. MAHALINGAM COLLEGE OF ENGG., AND TECH.,

POLLACHI-03

SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTIONMETHODSMETHODOLOGIESRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONREFERENCES

INTRODUCTIONDisaster management

Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management

Statutory responsibility of state governments Central government provides logistic and financial

support Elaborate response mechanism at national level State level responses vary National coordinating body: National Disaster

Management Cell (NDMC)

Disaster Risk Management

Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction and utilization of available counter-disaster resources

The modern view is that there must be pre-disaster mitigation measures to avoid or reduce impact of disasters.

Pre-disaster measures to prevent or mitigate disasters are called Risk Management.

Hazard Vulnerability in India

60%

8%

12%16%

3%

Vulnerability Scenario In The Future

Migration of rural population to urban will demand more economic activities for creating more employment

Create in scarcity of inhabitable land,value appreciation of available land,value depreciation of land in hazard prone areas

High demand for infrastructure development Create in an un-affordability of quality construction Will lead to likelihood of high damages and losses

Human Alteration Of The Natural Land Features It may be contributing to hazards that are more

intense and frequent by disrupting the balance of nature.

This slide, shows a diagram of runoff in an area with natural land features that help to reduce the destructive effects of flooding.

Human Alteration Of The Natural Land Features

Human Impact on the Environment

Many benefits of a natural landscape are lost or modified asdevelopment takes place.

Negative Consequences of Development Migration of population to cities Densely populated Communities More people living on marginal lands Greater unplanned settlements due to land scarcity High risk due to natural and manmade Hazards

Results due to high exposure of Infrastructure Increased vulnerability to Primary hazards such as

earthquakes, floods,cyclones etc. Potential high impact due to secondary hazards like

urban fire, technological and other accidents etc High environmental problems and inconvenience to

urban populations More control measures to save facilities,innovative

design options are needed

What is Management?

Management consists of decision-making activities undertaken by one or more individuals to direct and coordinate the activities of other people in order to achieve results, which could not be accomplished by any one person acting alone.

Management is required when two or more persons combine their efforts and resources to accomplish a goal, which neither can accomplish alone.

What is disaster risk management?

Disaster risk management includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involve• Prevention• Mitigation• Preparedness• Response• Recovery and• Rehabilitation

Disaster risk management involves all levels of government.

Non-governmental and community-based organizations play a vital role in the process.

Disaster Management cycle

DisasterDisaster

DisasterMitigation

DisasterPreparedness

EmergencyResponse

Rehabilitation

ReconstructionDisaster

Prevention

Warning

Dis

aste

r R

isk

Man

agem

ent

METHODSRisk Management Process

Risk management has three components.

– Risk identification

– Risk reduction

– Risk transfer

Risk Identification

Risk identification has to be done through mapping and using other available technological options.

It is usual to allocate risk management to a special body at national level.

Usually it is a National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO) at national level.

Risk Reduction

Effective risk reduction involves mitigation measures in hazard prone areas.

It may also involve overcoming the socioeconomic, institutional and political barriers

to the adoption of effective risk reduction strategies

Risk Transfer

Effective risk transfer involves different tools such as insurance,tax policies,special measures focused on land management.

Organizational structure,policies,legislation etc. is required for effective implementation of risk transfer strategies for a country or localgovernment area.

METHODOLOGIESPre Disaster Preparedness In Thrust Areas Emergency Operation Centres

Multi-purpose Cyclone Shelters

Coastal Shelterbelt Plantation

National Disaster Information System

Early Warning System

Mapping

Areas of Concern

Activating an Early Warning System network and its close monitoring

Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological and administrative agencies for effective disaster management

Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the event of a rapid onset disaster

Vulnerability of critical to disaster events

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Care After Disaster Restoration of Basic Facilities

Relief & Reconstruction

Economic Rehabilitation

Psycho-social Rehabilitation

Community Mental Health

Scientific Damage Assessment

During Disaster

Emergency search & rescue

Disposal of dead bodies and Carcass

Ex-gratia announcement

Immediate relief

Mobile Hospitals

Precautions on Disaster Management

Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more

effective preparedness, mitigation. Increased capacity building leads to faster

vulnerability reduction. Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,

mitigation and disaster response

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : NODAL MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

DISASTERS NODAL MINISTRIES

Natural Disasters Agriculture Air Accidents Civil AviationCivil Strife Home AffairsRailway Accidents RailwaysChemical Disasters EnvironmentBiological Disasters Health & family

WelfareNuclear Accident Atomic Energy

CONCLUSIONHow To PREVENT disasters?

Understand behavior of hazards Reduce Vulnerabilities Reduce the possibility for exposure Increase / Improve Readiness (Capacity, Capability, Efficiency,

Effectiveness) Mitigate the impact of hazards

PREVENTION

Objective is to achieve sustainability in development process.

Series of interconnected initiatives at all levels at all times

Implemented by multidisciplinary team working with the community with many vulnerabilities to hazards through a mutually agreed planning process

Call for an attitudinal change in managing risk.

REFERENCE

http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/ Disaster Risk management by N.M.S.I.

Arambepola, Asian Urban Disaster Mitigation Program

Disaster management in India by Anand Patwardhan IIT-Bombay

Disaster Management - Perspective Planning – GOI Initiatives by M. Madhavan Nambiar