Subject: DISASTER MANAGEMENT

TOPIC: APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT &

MITIGATION

Prepared By:NAME ENROLLMENT NO. NAME ENROLLMENT NO.

151103106007

KANSARA ABHISHEK 151103106014

PATEL ROHAN

151103106008

KOTILA JAYVEER 151103106015

PATEL AASHISH

151103106009

MISTRY ADITYA 151103106016

RATNANI MANISHA

151103106010

PANDYA DHRUMIL 151103106017

SHARMA DIPEN

151103106011

PATEL KAJAL 151103106018

TANK PRATIK

151103106012

PATEL NIRMAL 151103106019

VAGHELA ROHIT

151103106013

PATEL RAKSHIT

CONTENT Geo- informatics in disaster management Disaster communication system Land use planning and Development regulations Disaster safe designs and constructions Structural and non structural mitigation of disaster Science & technology institutions for disaster management in India

Geo- informatics in disaster management

Remote Sensing (RS) Geographical Information System (GIS) Global Positioning System (GPS)

Remote Sensing (RS) Remote sensing is an investigative technique

that uses a recording instrument or device to measure or acquire information on a distant object or phenomenon with which it is not in physical or close contact.

The technique is used foe accumulating important information of the environment.

Remote sensing can collect data much faster than ground based observation, covering a large spatial area at one time to give a comprehensive view.

It has the capability of capturing images of distant targets and in all weather conditions.

Application of Remote sensing

Using remote sensing data such as satellite imageries and aerial photos, to map the variations in terrain properties such as vegetation, water and geology both in space and time.

Helping to locate the area of a natural disaster and monitor its growing proportions providing information on the disaster rapidly and reliably and thereby ensuring that extent of damage is evaluated precisely.

Monitoring the disaster event which provides in turn a quantitative base for relief operations.

Geographical Information System

Geographical information system can be defined as a system of hardware and software for measuring, storing, retrieving, mapping, monitoring, modeling, and analyzing a variety of data types related to geographic and natural phenomena.

Disaster preparedness Disaster early warning Hazard monitoring Database construction Logistics preparation for disaster relief

Disaster mitigation Vulnerability assessment Hazard assessment Risk investigation and assessment Disaster characteristic factor monitoring

Reconstruction and recovery Disaster loss assessment Requirement assessment for disaster

recovery and reconstruction Recovery and reconstruction monitoring

disaster Disaster information quick processing and analysis

Disaster mapping Scenario simulation Disaster trend forecasting

Disaster relief Information integration and analysis Disaster monitoring Dynamic disaster loss assessment

Application of remote sensing and GIS in various disaster

situations Drought Earthquake Floods Landslide

Global Positioning System A critical component of any successful

rescue operation is time. Prior knowledge of the precise location of

landmarks, streets, buildings, emergency service resources, and disaster relief sites saves time and lives.

The global positioning system serves as a facilitating technology in addressing these needs by helping the users at any point on or near the earth’s surface to obtain instantaneous three dimensional coordinates of the their location.

Application of GPS Pinpointing the location of damage sites and floodplains. Playing a significant role in helping scientists to predict earthquake in earthquake prone

areas. Using the precise position information provided by GPS scientists can study how pressure

slowly builds up over time in an attempt to characterize and in the future perhaps predict earthquakes.

Meteorologists responsible for storm tracking and flood predication also rely on GPS. GPS give quick information in the efficient operation of their emergency response teams.

Disaster communication system

Early warning is the provision of timely and effective information through identified institutions that allows individuals exposed to hazard to take action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response.

Early warning information suggest people to take action when disasters close to happening.

Early warning is the integration four elements

Risk knowledge Monitoring and predicating Disseminating information Response

Land Use Planning Land Use Planning is described as the process undertaken by public authorities to identify,

evaluate and describe different options for the use of land, including consideration of long term economic, and enviournment objectives.

purpose of the land use planning

The main are as under:- Selecting the safe site for the building structures. Relocating a community outside the hazardous and disaster prone areas. Formulation of land use policies for the long term sustainable development. Measures to promote land use should include legal implementation of property insurance

against the damage of disaster evens and creation of public awareness for the proper land use practices.

Appropriate land use in the disaster prone areas , by adjusting the land stability with agricultural development strategies.

Long term land use planning by incorporating all geological related data available and identifying for allocation of hazard free areas for industrial and urban development.

High investment industries, other important infrastructure should not be located in the areas that are susceptible to damages.

Development Regulation Adoption of the culture of safety in construction to follow bye laws and codes and usage of

good quality material. The government shall support these initiatives by providing technical guidance to rebuild

houses that can sustain against shaking of the earthquake. Manuals need to be developed outlining methodologies for new constructions identification of the vulnerable buildings in the state Construction of emergency shelters, identification of the buildings that could act as a

shelters and strengthening existing one, also of the infrastructure, which are useful during emergencies.

Building structures on the firmer ground or stiff soil because stiff soil loss their strength with strong vibrations.

Help in purchasing of the safe sites for the construction. Priority of buildings according to their importance.

Disaster Safe Design and Construction

Earthquake Safe Design and Construction

The building should have a simple rectangular plan.

Long walls should be supported by reinforced concrete columns.

Door and window openings in walls should preferably be small and more centrally located.

The location of the openings should not be too close to the edge of the wall.

Vertical reinforcements should be provided at corners and junctions of walls. It shall be passing through the lintel bands and floor slabs.

Landslide Safe Design and Construction

The potential for the landslides and development erosion can be greatly reduced or prevented with proper development, proper construction techniques, seasonal inspections and regular maintenance of drainage facilities.

Keep the surface drainage water away from vulnerable areas, such as steep slopes, loose soils and non-vegetated surfaces.

Collect and direct water from driveways, non-vegetated surfaces, into catch basins, and confine water flow in drainage pipe such as ditch, drywell, gutter, natural drainage or holding pond.

Improve soil`s ability to resist erosion by stabilizing slopes by increasing vegetation and tress.

Floods Safe Design and Construction

Avoid residing on river banks and slopes on river side`s.

Build at least 250meters away from the seacoast/river banks.

Build proper drainage system in all flood prone areas, so that the water can be drained off quickly to prevent accumulation.

Construct the building with a plinth level higher than the known high flood level.

Construct the whole village or settlement on a raised platform higher than the high flood level.

Construct buildings on columns with wall-free space at ground level permitting the free flow of water, provided that columns are circular and strong.

In dry weather condition the ground area could be fenced.

Cyclones Safe Design and Construction

In cyclonic regions, close to the coast, a site above the likely inundation(more) level should be given preference.

For individual buildings, a circular or polygonal plan shape is preferred over rectangular or square plans.

Where building is constructed on columns, it is necessary that columns are properly braced on both the directions.

Doors and windows should have strong closing/locking arrangements and glass/wooden panels be securely fixed.

Reduce the size of the panel and provide a metallic fabric outside the panels.

Provide proper locking arrangements of shutters. Securely fix the frames to walls.

The roof projections should be kept minimum (not exceeding 500mm), or else, are tied down adequately.

Structural and non-structural mitigation of

disasterSTRUCTURAL MITIGATION

Structural mitigation is defined as a risk reduction effort performed through the construction or altering of the physical environment through the application of engineered solutions.

Structural mitigation method

Building codes Relocation Structural modification Earthquakes Floods Cyclone Construction of community shelters Construction of barrier and retention systems

Non-structural mitigation Non-structural mitigation is defined as a measure that reduces risk through modification in

human behavior or natural processes without requiring the use of engineered structures.

Non-structural method Legal framework Land use planning Incentives and financial framework Training and education Public awareness

Science & technology institutions for disaster management in India

India meteorological department (IMD) Central water commission (CWC) Indian national center for oceanic information system (INCOIS) Geological survey if India (GSI) Defense research & development organization (DRDO) Indian space research organization (ISRO) Department od atomic energy (DAE)