DOCUMENT RESUME ED 095 866 IR 001 046 · DOCUMENT RESUME. IR 001 046. Pennsylvania Library Master Plan Committee Report. 54p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3.15 PLUS POSTAGE ... Charles

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DOCUMENT RESUME

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Pennsylvania Library Master Plan Committee Report.

54p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3.15 PLUS POSTAGEDESCRIPTORS College Libraries; Financial Support; Information

Services; Institution Libraries; Library Cooperation;Library Education; Library Networks; *LibraryPlanning; Public Libraries; School Libraries; SpecialLibraries; State Libraries; *State Programs;Statistical Data; University Libraries

IDENTIFIERS *Pennsylvania

ABSTRACTThe Pennsylvania Master Plan Committee, composed of

librarians from all types of libraries and also of other interestedcitizens, reports here on goals, present status, and recommendationsfor the future of Pennsylvania libraries. After statements of needfor a master plan and an outline of its development, goals foreffective, widely available library services of high quality arepresented. An overvico of the present condition of library systemsand networks is givers along with the status of public, academic,school, special, and institutional libraries, the state library, andlibrary education. Reco:rendations are given for improving theselibraries and services as well as for financing library services;coordinating library seivines at the local level; planning, research,and evaluation; and measu-s..s for adopting and implementing the plan.Among the extensive a?pencixes are: comparative figures on numbers ofvolumes and expenditures of the fifty states; a directory of librarycooperatives; maps of Pennsylvania Uniform Regions, institutions ofhigher education, and district library systems; and organizaticlcharts for the state department of education and the proposedreorganization of state library services. (LS)

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EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPROOUCED EXACTLY AS LiEctivED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGAN,ZAT,ON ORIGINMING IT POINTSOF vE1 OROP,N.ONSSTATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL .NST,TuTE OTEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

Pennsylvania Department of Education 1974

PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY MAST

Committee Members

Richard Thomson, ChairpersonWynnewood

Joseph Falgione, ViceChairpersonCarnegie Library of Pittsburgh

Ivy Bayard, LibrarianTyler School of ArtPhiladelphia

Margaret DarkenBoalsburg

Marie Davis, Associate DirectorThe Free Library of Philadelphia

ER PLAN COMMITTEE

Guy Garrison, DeanGraduate School of Library ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphia

Dan W. Graves, DirectorRena M. Carlson LibraryClarion State College

Arthur Hamlin, DirectorSamuel Paley LibraryTemple UniversityPhiladelphia

Elizabeth P. HoffmanCoordinator of School LibrariesPennsylvania Dept. of Education

George NI. Jenks, LibrarianEllen Clarke Bertrand LibraryBucknell UniversityLewisburg

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Helen Lamrey, SupervisorInformation ServicesPPG IndustriesSpringdale

Marvin W. Mounce, DirectorBureau of Library DevelopmentState Library of Pennsylvania

Charles R. Peguese, DirectorAction LibraryStudent Learning CenterPhiladelphia

Kathryn Stephanoff, DirectorAllentown Public Library

The following State Libraryrepresentatives served asstaff to the committee

Ernest E. Doerschuk Jr.State LibrarianState Library of Pennsylvania

John A. McCrossan, CoordinatorBureau of Library DevelopmentState Library of Pennsylvania

Ma lie McLaughlin,assistant to the CoordinatorBureau of Library DevelopmentState Library of Pennsylvania

FOREWORD

The recommendations of this report, published by the State

Library, are before Pennsylvania's library publics and the profession,

the Advisory Council on Library Development, and state government

for consideration and action as a guide for the future development

of library services of all types within this Commonwealth.

Ernest E. Doerschuk Jr.

State Librarian

PREFACE

All change is not progress, but real progress is unlikely to occurwithout change. Yet those who seek and welcome progress wouldlike to achieve it by having the necessary change occur elsewhereperhaps in another individual, in another institution, in anothercommunity or even in another state. Such an attitude manifesteditself in the meetings of the Master Plan Committee. However, thecommittee faced the question of a need for change by defining goalsand objectives of library service, by examining what Pennsylvaniacurrently has, and finally by assuming the role of the library userto ask if there were ways to improve.

The following report is the result of an honest effort to resolvethe complexities of Pennsylvania's geography, populationdistribution and uneven library resources in a fashion that gives everypossible advantage to the users, and not necessarily to institutions.The changes recommended come from a full consideration ofexisting problems and possible alternatives -- especially those broughtforth at public hearings. Many of the recommendations have theunanimous approval of the committee: all have at least a majority.Committee conflict served the useful purpose of portraying inmicrocosm the statewide differences.

The committee hopes that library people will recognize theenormous difficulties inherent in so large a problem and will acceptthe necessity for occasional compromise, occasional concession, andmore rarely, even the necessity for outright capitulation. Thecommittee also earnestly hopes that library people will recognizeand give the cooperative action and support 'tat is needed if thisplan. or indeed any plan for library service, is to succeed.

Richard ThomsonChairpersonMaster Plan Committee

iv

CONTENTS

I. Introduction

Need for a Pennsylvania Library Master PlanDevelopment of a Master Plan

II. Goals of Pennsylvania Libraries

Page

5

III. Status of Library Development in Pennsylvania 7

Public Libraries 7Academic Libraries 9School Libraries 10Special Libraries 10Institutional LibrariesState Library I2Library Systems and Networks 13

IV. Recommendations for Action and Methods of Implemen-tation 17

State Library Agency 17A Pennsylvania Library Network - Statewide & Regional 20Financing Library Service to the Public 24School Libraries 26Academic Librari 27Special Libraries 27Institutional Libraries 28Coordination of Library Services at the Local Level 29Planning. Research. and Evaluation 29Education for Librarianship 30Adoption and Implementation of the Plan 31

V. Appendices 33

1.

INTRODUCTION

The creation of a Library Master Plan Committee in 1971reflects Pennsylvania librarians' continuing commitment to theassumption that all residents of Pennsylvania are entitled to highquality library services and optimum access to the rich resourcesof Pennsylvania Libraries. The best assurance of providing theseservices lies in careful planning for the development and coordinationof all types of libraries.

Pennsylvania's most recent major plan for statewide librarydevelopment was issued in 1958, implemented by the PennsylvaniaLibrary Code of 1961, and recently revised somewhat throughamendments to the code. This plan, commonly called the MartinPlan, I resulted in significant improvements in public library servicesand still incorporates excellent features which will be retained.

The Need for a Pennsylvania Library Master PlanBeginning in the ,late 1960s, as a result of a resurvey of

Pennsylvania's libraries- and because of their experience with theMartin Plan, librarians, trustees, and friends of libraries becameincreasingly aware of the need for a new, comprehensive plan forlibrary development for Pennsylvania. Inasmuch as the Martin Planis basically a public library plan, it was felt that the Commonwealthneeded a plan for coordinating all types of libraries for a publicwhich often disregards or is unaware of categorical distinctions intypes of libraries. In addition, libraries had begun to face a financialcrisis. This pointed to the need for a plan which offers alternativesources of support and additional ways to ensure that available fundsare used effectively. Adequate local funding had become increasinglydifficult to obtain. Federal officials had indicated that federalfunding for libraries would not continue on the scale of recent years.It was recognized by the profession that Pennsylvania libraries ofall types -- public, academic, school, special and institutional -- hadbeen making considerable progress in the last decade. However, priorto the passage of federal and state legislation in support of librarydevelopment, the Commonwealth's libraries were considerablybehind those of other large industrial states. The need to reducethis gap through intensive planning and development was clearlyindicated.

I Martin, Lowell A. Library Service in Pennsylvania present and proposed,Harrisburg: State Library of Pennsylvania, 1958,

'Martin, Lowell A. Progress and problems of Pennsylvania libraries, a re-survey. Harrisburg: State Library of Pennsylvania, 1967.

1

A new comprehensive plan for library development wouldbetter equip libraries to provide the sophisticated materials andservices needed by library users today. It would extend their servicesto people who traditionally have not used libraries including thedisadvantaged and avoid costly duplication of resources andservices. Additional reasons cited in support of the development ofa new Master Plan for libraries were:

1. A master plan was needed to remedy inequities in libraryservices available to users which were the result ofgeography, library governance, and wealth of communities.

A master plan could guarantee greater opportunity forinvolvement by librarians and citizens in decisions relatingto library programs, thus making those programs moreresponsive to the user's needs.

3. The recent proliferation of uncoordinated development oflocal, regional and statewide library networks inPennsylvania called for guidelines for the development andoperation of library cooperatives.

4. A plan was needed to coordinate library services at thelocal level and to minimize unnecessary duplication andgaps in services.

5. A plan could recommend ways to coordinate stategovernment responsibility for library programs thuseliminating a situation in which such responsibility isdispersed among a number of state agencies frequentlyunaware of other programs and policies.

6. Finally, a plan was needed to recommend revisions inlegislation for public libraries which had become outdatedand inadequate.

The Development of a Master PlanA resolution recommending to the Advisory Council on Library

Development3 that a comprehensive plan of total library service forPennsylvania be developed to include all types of libraries was passedby the PLA Board of Directors, on April 29. 1971.

A volunteer committee was created under the auspices of theAdvisory Council. The council is a citizen-librarian group established

3See Appendix A

2

by The Library Code to advise the Governor, the Secretary ofEducation and the State Librarian on matters relating to statewidelibrary development. The State Library provided staff assistance tosupport the committee in its work.

In the ensuing two and one-half years, the committeeapproached the task of developing a blueprint for total libraryservices by:

1. Reviewing and summarizing the status of services in alltypes of libraries.

Identifying problems by types of libraries and types ofusers.

3. Reviewing and determining the relevance to Pimnsylvaniaof the experience of other states.

4. Formulating the role of each type of library in providingtotal services to actual and potential users.

5. Determining needs from user viewpoint and assessing costsand methods of meetirg them.

6. Determining the means of establishing interlibrarycooperation.

7. Determining the changes needed in the present law toallow each type of library to assume specific responsibilityfor an area of public service, to reimburse libraries forcooperative service beyond their legal responsibilities orsupport areas, and to meet total user needs.

After the tentave plan had been developed, the Master Plancommittee sought opinions on it from librarians, trustees, andcitizens through public hearings before placing their final revisedrecommendations before the Advisory Council for action. Thecouncil will evaluate the plan, select recommendations of merit, andimplement those recommendations.

U.

GOALS OF PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARIES

The major goal of all types of Pennsylvania libraries is toprovide library materials and information to people at the time theyare needed, in the quantity and quality desired, in whatever typeof print, audio or visual format desired. This is a goal that deservesevery effort to be made into a reality and one which libraries arefar from achieving completely.

A related goal is the provision of materials and informationwhich can assist individuals and society in personal and socialimprovement. Books and audio-visual materials can be invaluable topeople who are trying to improve their own lives or their society.The social misssion of libraries has always been an important one,and it is particularly important in this era of social change.

Another goal is that of making the services and resources ofall types of libraries available to all potential users in a communityby providing quality library services to each library's primaryclientele.

Traditionally, each type of library has established differentservice priorities based on the needs of its primary clientele. Collegelibraries, for example, have given priority to students and faculty;public libraries to nonstudents. While different types of librariesmust continue to set such priorities in order to serve their primaryusers well, more experimentation is needed with serving users whodo not belong to the primary clientele of a given library.

Pennsylvania libraries have a responsibility to provide highquality library services to all residents of the Commonwealth --regardless of their race, age, sex. income, geographic location, orany other such factors. It is important that libraries extend theirservices to the disadvantaged who traditionally have not usedlibraries. At the present time, there are many inequities in the kindsof library services available. Correcting these inequities is a majorgoal of Pennsylvania libraries.

All types o: libraries have a common societal goal of preservingand transmitting the record of the past. To a large extent, humanprogress is built on the knowledge of the past. Libraries mustpreserve this knowledge and make it available for study.

5

Establishment of an effective library network which involvesall types of libraries will assist in the t:.:omplishmeili Df the goalsdescribed above. Therefore, the development of such a network is,in itself, a major goal of Pennsylvania libraries. No one library,however large, can completely satisfy the library and informationneeds of a given group. In fact, it would be uneconomical andinefficient to try to do so. Therefore, it is a major goal ofPennsylvania libraries to form a network which can provide allpotential library users with ready access to the library materialswhich they need regardless of their location.

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STATUS OF LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA

Libraries of all types have seen many improvements in recentyears. These include physical facilities, materials collections andstaffs. Many have found new methods of reaching people,particularly those who traditionally have not used libraries.Experimentation with interlibrary cooperation and networkdevelopment in Pennsylvania met some success.

Availability of more money has made possible theimprovements cited above, but libraries face financial crisis. Costsare rising but not library funds. Unless solutions are found to thesefinancial problems, advances made in recent years will be lost andlibrary services will deteriorate.

Public Libraries

Pennsylvania's more than 450 public libraries serve localpopulations numbering from several hundred to two million. Manyof these libraries, which often began as private entities organizedby groups such as literary societies or women's clubs, still retainvestiges of this privateness, including the concept of aself-perpetuating library board.

Traditionally, the quality of public library services available hasbeen related to the size, wealth and location of a community. Theprovision of state aid has had some effect, but many inequities stillexist. For example, residents of the spaisely populated, Appalachiancentral region of the state, have significantly poorer library servicesthan those of suburban areas. The massive problems of large citiesare having disastrous effects on library services available to the urbandisadvantaged.

The greatest improvements in Pennsylvania public libraryservices came as a nnult of two events in the 1950s and early 1960s.One was the passage of the Library Services Act in 1956 (laterexpanded to the Library Services and Construction Act) whichprovided annual grants of money to the State Library agency forits operation and for improvement of public library services. Theother was the 1958 Martin survey of public libraries which resultedin adoption of the Pennsylvania Library Ode.

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The availibility of federal funds under the Library Services andConstruction Act has brought a number of improvements in publiclibrary services. Many grants were made to local and district librariesto initiate innovative services, and a number of libraries havecontinued these services with local money. For example, severallibraries received grants to extend library services to thedisadvantaged by such means as mail order library services andoutreach vans. Better coordination of library resources and increasedinterlibrary lending has been achieved through a variety of fed:rallyfunded projects, including interlibrary delivery van services andinstallation of teletypewriter exchange (TWX1 equipment.

Federal funds were used to support SW,: Library activitieswhich have had far-reaching effects on library programs.

The Pennsylvania Library Code established a network of local,districts. and regional libraries in a state-aid program coordinatedby the State Library. Local libraries received state aid to carry outand improve their on-going programs. The legislation permitted thedesignation of up to 30 libraries as district library centers to receivestate aid to pay for services to libraries and individuals in theirdistricts. The network was further strengthened by the designationof tour regional libraa resource centers who were eligible to receiveup to S100,000 annually to assist them in acquiring researchcollections and making them available throughout the state.

This network has had mixed success. State aid has assistedlibrthes in improving services at a time when local support has notbeen keeping pace with rising library costs. District and regionalresource programs have brought about better access to librarymaterials for all Pennsylvanians. The program, however, has notfostered the development of sophisticated library systems neededto satisfy the compIex information requirements of Pennsylvaniansasituation requiring the design of a new plan for library services.

Inadequate financial support, both at the local and state levels,has been a significant factor in the inability of libraries to developand maintain quality library services in Pennsylvania. Recentstatistics indicate that Pennsylvania public libraries rank far belowthose of other states in a number of crucial areas, such as:Incomes,2.4th: Volumes, 36th: Circulation, 40th. Within the state, publiclibraries fall behind academic libraries both in financial and material.;resources.4 In 197 I, Pennsylvania, academic libraries reported

4See Appendix 13

8

21-million volumes while public libraries reported about 14-million.Academic libraries reported incomes of about $41 million comparedto S30 million for public libraries.5

Academic Libraries

Pennsylvania has almost 200 colleges and universities, includingbranch campuses. As can be expected, the size of library collections,library facilities and sophistication of library services varies greatly.

Statistics collected by the state Department of Education showthat academic library collections have shown healthy increasesoverall during the past few years. In 1968, Pennsylvania collegesand universities reported a total of 20.510,820 items: in 1972, thisfigure had grown to 26,316,363. Comparson of figures in the yearsbetween is somewhat difficult because of new library data beingintroduced in some of those years: however, the increase in thenumber of volumes has been about 10 per cent in each year.6

According to other recent statistics, Pennsylvania college anduniveristy libraries were fourth, nationally, in total income, exceededonly by California, Illinois, and New York. They were third,nationally, in money spent on library materials, exceeded only byCalifornia and New York.7

Generous funding during the 1960s brought many libraryimprovements. Book and audio-visual material collections wereepanded to the satisfaction of many library users. New serviceswere 'Aitiated in a number of academic libraries such as the wetcarrels which connect users to a variety of educational media.Inuh.dualized bibliographies and reference services were intensified.In addition to serving their students and faculty better, sorro: zollegeand university libraries were able to expand their services tocommunity residents not a part of the academic community.

Unfortunately, many academic libraries are sharing in the fiscalproblems ;)1 higher education and will find it more difficult tocontinue to provide quality library service unless more effectivemeans of sharing resources are developed.

5See Appendix C

()Our Colleges and Universities Today, Volume IX, Nt, 4.7Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Informadon, 1972, pp. 159-60.

9

School Libraries

Pennsylvania has several thousand school libraries. ranging fromtiny collections in classrooms and offices to large. impressive mediacenters. Although Pennsylvania school libraries have improved a greatkkal in recent years. many are still inadequate or mediocre.

As early as 1960. Pennsylvania established standards for schoollibraries. Unfortunately. the requirements were minimal. Newstandards are somewhat higher. but they have not been vigorouslyenforced. The Pennsylvania Department of Education views itselfas a service agency rather than as an enforcement agency: therefore,there is considerable latitude for local variation in levels of service.

One of the greatest boons to school library development hasbeen Title II of the federal Elementary and Secondary EducationAct which provides funds for purchase of school library print andaudio-visual materials. In fiscal 1973. Pennsylvania receivedapproximately S5 million under this program. These funds,administered by the Department of Education, have been used toupgrade the collections of public. prb.ate, and parochial schools, andhave, in sonic instances. transformed poor libraries into superiorfacilities.

ESEA funds have also been used to set up four library materialsexamination centers in different areas of the state, now partlysupported by school districts. These centers are used to display thebest in new library materials as an aid to selection for all schoollibraries. The state Division of School Libraries is supported byfederal funds. Currently no state funds are available for either salariesor other operating expenses.

The federal government recently announced its intention tophase out F.SEA. including Title II. This action would have adamaging effect on the school library p-ograms.

Special Libraries

Comparison of the Philadelphia College of Physicians' libraryand local historical societies' libraries illustrates the vast differencesamong libraries serving special interests in Pennsylvania. Speciallibraries exist in industrial organizations of all types and ingovernment agencies. College and university libraries have specialresearch collections. Institutional libraries -- which are one kind ofspecial library -- are treated separately in this report.

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A major virtue of a special library is its ability to serve a specialclientele with those materials particularly needed by them. InPennsylvania. there are many hundreds of these types of librariesexclusive of special academic library collections. As in other states.they have usually been developed by a parent institution such asbusiness, government agency or association. The majority of them,which are outside of government, are still privately controlled andfinanced. These have been less affected by government than anyother type of library,

While the unique character of a special library must bepreserved. it should also be possible to integrate it, to sonic extent,into cooperative library projects. This has been done effectively insome areas. When special libraries join a .library consortia. iteffectively increases the sources of specialized materials available tousers of other types of libraries within the cooperative, Speciallibraries have also benefited since they are given easy access tocollections of other libraries. Such access is particularly valuable tothose libraries who need materials which are outside their collectingresponsibilities,

Institutional Libraries

Most institutional libraries are in the beginning stage ofdevelopment. similar to that of small public libraries of more than50 years ago. The institutions they serve vary from high-securityprisons to forestry camps for delinquent youths: from homes forretarJed children tc. nursing homes for the elderly.

The extension of the Library Services and Construction Actin 1966 to include services to state-owned institutions made itpossible for the State Library to establish a Special Library ServicesUnit with responsibility for state-owned hospitals and institutions.In 1068. a senior adviser was appointed to supervise the work, andadditional staff was added later. The unit provides consultant servicesand works diretly with institutional staff in such activities as weedingcollections, cataloging materials, and training staff.

There is very little information available about institutionalfibraries, other than state-owned. Many private hospitals have patientand professional collections. as do veterans hospitals. A number ofpublic libraries provide services to institutions. but the quantity andquality of these services vary a great deal.

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Services for the blind and severely handicapped are carried outby the two Regional Libraries for the Blind and PhysicallyHandi,apped situated in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. These libiaries,supported by state funds, and receiving free materials from theLibrary of Congress in Washington, D.C.. provide free circulationservices by mail to the blind and to other handicapped personsunable to use traditional print materials. Talking books (recordingsof hooks) and braille materials are mailed directly to thehandicapped. This service is heavily used by Pennsylvanians.

The State Library

The State Library of Pennsylvania, an office in the PennsylvaniaDepartment of Education, has a long history as a library for stategovernment and for the public, and as a public library extensionagency. In recent years its responsibility has intensified in statewidelibrary development and planning.

The work of the State Library is directed by the State Librarianwho reports to the Secretary of Education. The Advisory Councilon Library Development, appointed by the Governor, advises theGovernor, the Secretary of Education, and the State Librarian onlibrary development matters. Although it has certain powers, suchas approval of State Library rules and regulations, the council isprimarily an advisory body.

The passag: of the Library Services Act in 1956 and theadoption of the new Pennsylvania Library Cock in 1961 establishedthe State Library as the hub of Pennsylvania's public librarynetwork. Adoption of the new Library Code changed the StateLibrary's role from that of direct advisory assistance to local publiclibraries to that of administration of the state aid program and liaisonwork with district library centers and resource renters. The districtlibrary centers were made responsible for advisory assistance to localpublic libraries. Expansion of the Library Services and ConstructionAct in 1966 gave the State Library added responsibilities. Title IIIof LSCA provided the State Library with money for interlibrarycooperation involving all types of libraries. and Titles IV-A and IV-Bprovided funds for library services for the handicapped and for stateinstitutions. The State Library is not responsible for school librarydevelopment. This is carried out by the Pennsylvania Departmentof Education, Division of School Libraries. The Office of HigherEducation collects academie library statistics. but no state agencyprovides regular consultant services for those libraries.

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The State Library's responsibility for administration of stateand federal programs has had the desirable effect of increasing theplanning role or its Bureau of Library Development. The federalgovernment, for example, requires annual and tive-year plans forthe use of LSCA funds indicating how those funds will improvestatewide development of all types of libraries.

In spite of the efforts of a dedicated staff, the State Libraryhas been only moderately successful in providing the kinds ofleadership and services required. Some reasons for its inability tofunction more effectively are:

I. The State Library's relatively low position in the Departmentof Education is not commensurate with its complex leadershipresponsibilities.

The State Library has limited legal responsibility and authorityto coordinate the services and resources of different types oflibraries. This fact has limited its role in promoting interlibrarycooperation.

3. Budget difficulties and other obstacles involved in hiring librarypeople for state government positions have made it difficultfor the State Library to recruit the numbers of highly qualifiedpeople needed to carry out its complex leadershipresponsibilities.

Library Systems and Networks

Historically. libraries have developed independently to serve theneeds of particular segments of the total community. A majoradvantage of this kind of development has been the establishmentof special services for particular kinds of people. A detrimental effecthas been the growth of a multiplicity of library service agencies,resulting in unnecessary duplication on the one hand. and insignificant gaps in services on the other.

Currently, libraries are grouping together in .1 va..iety of librarysystems and networks. Although different systems have differentpurposes, they all have at least one objective in common--thecoordination of library programs to bring better soil/ices to users.

There are many library systems and networks in Piinsyl.. !ffirtoday. Perhaps the best known network is the state-funded programof local libraries, public library district centers and regional library

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resource centers. This system has resulted in improvements in libraryservices, including collection development, and the provision ofeffective leadership for the improvement of public library servicesin the various districts.

The system has many unresolved problems, the most seriousof which is the unevenness of services provided by the various districtlibraries and regional resource libraries. Some district libraries, forexample, pros ide free borrowing privileges for all residents of theirdistrict while others do not. Some districts provide many servicesto member libraries: others provide few.

The fact that the system is only a public library system alsocauses difficulties. Academic libraries and school libraries are notprovided systematic access to the collections of the resource centersor the districts. Thus. a person's ready access to all the greatresources of Pennsylvania libraries through his local library is anideal that is far from realized.

Several major reasons for the public library network notreaching its full potential are the lack of standards, lack of control,and lack of sufficient funding. Standards for the districts andresource centers have not been adopted. This may have had somegood effects. for example. flexibility in programs from one area toanother. but it has sometimes resulted in a low level of services.Individual library users and local libraries have no assured voice inthe expenditure of funds paid to district and regional libraries forservices in their behalf.

Another major reason why this network has not fully succeededis the weaknesses of the district library centers when the programbegan. The Martin Plan assumed that strong libr :,ries would bedesignated as district centers, but few strong librz;ries existed inPennsylvania. Therefore, a number of district centers w2re requiredto use district funds to build up their own collctions and staffsin order to provide even minimal services to the libraries and libraryusers of the districts. The amount of money available has never beensufficient to provide the service envisioned in the Martin Plan.

The Union Library Catalogue of Pennsylvania has been asuccessful cooperative endeavor. Begun as a Works ProgressAdministration project during the Depression years, it has withinthe past decade expanded its activities to all of Pennsylvania. Itprovides information to member libraries on location of materialsneeded for interlibrary loan. Within the past few years, it has

14

received some funds from the State Library to pay for its servicesto public libraries.

The Catalogue lists the holdings of large libraries and of manyspecialized libraries. Its listings are particularly strong for librarieslocated in Philadelphia and its environs, but they are very limitedfor almost all other parts of the state. Thus, a library in WesternPennsylvania often has to borrow from a Philadelphia-area librarybecause the Catalogue's listings for Western Pennsylvania areunderdeveloped. A more complete listing in the Union Catalogueor in some other tool would result in a more even division ofdemands made on libraries in different geographic locations.

In January 1974. the Union Library Catalogue announced itsdecision to cease providing book locations services as of December1975. The Catalogue's listings through December 1974 are beingmicrofilmed, placed in cassettes for convenient use, and will besituated in a number of libraries with responsibility to serve asregional clearing houses for interlibrary loan requests. This decisionunderscores the urgency of seeking alternative automated networkprocedures for rapid location and exchange of materials amonglibraries.

Numerous other systems and networksvarying in purpose,scope. quality of service and organizationtake the form of collegelibrary consortia. school library networks at school district level,and regional consortia involving different types of libraries.8 Amedical library network which has members in Pennsylvania, andthe Ret.ional Libraries for the Blind and Physically Handicappedserve as Pennsylvania components of a national network.

The aforementioned systems and networks provide worthwhileservices to libraries and library users and are an effective means ofcommunication among librarians. Since there may be unneccessaryduplication of services among them, this deserves careful study bynetwork participants. as does the feasibility of tying these groupsinto state and national networks.

A majority of the existing networks involve only one type oflibrary. While such networks can he useful. consideration should begiven to incorporating them into cooperatives which contain varioustypes of libraries.

8See Appendix D.

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Library Education

Pennsylvania has some outstanding library education programs.Two graduate library schools are accredited by the American LibraryAssociation for training librarians to work in all types of libraries.Both of these schoolsone at the University of Pittsburgh and theother at Drexel Universityare leaders in library education inPennsylvania and in the nation.

nevelt other colleges and universities offer library educationprograms. Some are considered very good. particularly those forschool librarians. But serious questions have been asked about thequality of other programs.

As of December 1972. 2.416 lull- and part-time students wereenrolled in various library programs throughout the Commonwealth.On the undergraduate level, which means training to schoollibrarianship primarily. there was a total of '1,040 full-time studentsand 128 part-time. In addition. 371 undergraduates were educationmajors taking library education as an area of interest.9 Graduatefull-time students enrolled in the American Library Associationaccredited insti.tuions in December 1972 totaled 311. with 301enrolled in December 1973.10

Although firm conclusions cannot he drawn from theaforementioned data, it is questionable whether the present numberof training programs are needed or whether the students beingenrolled at the present rate can he absorbed by Pennsylvania andits neighboring states.

There has been little study of library education in Pennsylvania,and no state agency has ever assumed active responsibility foradvising library educators. There is a real need for an intensive studyto determine what kinds of programs are being offered and whatdirections should he pursued in the' future.

()Figures collected by the Division of School Libraries, Pennsylvania Departmentof Education.

1 ()Figures collected from Drexel University and the University of Pittsburgh.

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Iv

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION AND METHODSOF IMPLEMENTATION

When the recommendations of this Master Plan areimplemented, the result will he better library services for all ofPennsylvania and more effective use of funds available for libraryprograms.

State Library Agency

The key to improved library services for all Pennsylvanians isthe state library agency. The State Library of Pennsylvania, atpresent, is basically a public library agency and has only very limitedauthority to work with other types of libraries or to coordinatethe programs ..)f different types of libraries. Its present position inthe hierarchical structure of the Pennsylvania Department ofEducation is not conducive to carrying out its full leadership rolefor libraries of the state.

It is recommended that:

1. A STATE LIBRARY AGENCY WITH RESPONSIBILITY ANDAUTHORITY FOR WORKING WITH ALL TYPES OF LIBRARIES ANDFOR PROMOTING COOPERATION AMONG ALL TYPES OF LIBRARIESSHOULD BE CREATED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.

3. THE ADVISORY COUNCIL ON LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BEREPLACED BY A COMMISSION ON LIBRARY SERVICES APPOINTEDBY THE GOVERNOR. THE COMMISSION SHOULD ASSUME ALL THEPRESENT FUNCTIONS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL." IT SHOULDALSO ESTABLISH POLICY FOR THE STATE LIBRARY AGENCY ANDFOR LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. IT SHOULD HAVE AVOICE IN THE APPOINTMENT OF THE COMMISSIONER FORLIBRARY SERVICES, AND IT SHOULD ADVISE THE GOVERNOR,THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION, AND THE LIBRARYCOMMISSIONER ON LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT MATTERS. THELIBRARY COMMISSION SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FORESTABLISHING BROAD POLICY ON LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT.

3. TILE COMMISSION'S MAJOR PRIORITIES SHOULD BE:

a. THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF COMMONWEALTHLIBRARIES OF ALL TYPES.

I 'See Appendix A17

b. PROCUREMENT OF ADEQUATE FUNDS FOR LIBRARIES AND. SEEING THAT SUCH FUNDS ARE MOST EFFECTIVELY USED.

c. COORDINATION OF Tilt SERVICES AND RESOURCES OFLIBRARIES OF THE SAME TYPE AND OF DIFFERENT TYPES.

d. CONTINUED SUPPORT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATELIBRARY AS A RESOURCE FOR STATE GOVERNMENT ANDCOMMONWEALTH CITIZENS.

4. A COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARY SERVICES SHOULD BE APPOINTEDBY THE GOVERNOR UPON RECOMMENDATION OF THE

COMMISSION. THE COMMISSIONER SHOULD HOLD A GRADUATEDEGREE FROM A LIBRARY SCHOOL ACCREDITED BY THEAMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION AND SHOULD HAVEDEMONSTRATED SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE IN LIBRARYADMINISTRATION. THE COMMISSIONER SHOULD ADMINISTER THECOMMONWEALTH'S PROGRAMS FOR ALL TYPES OF LIBRARIESAND HAVE DIRECT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE STATE LIBRARYAGENCY SUBJECT TO POLICIES ADOPTED BY THE COMMISSIONAND UNDER TIIE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION.

5. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIONER SHOULD BE:

a. TO RECOMMEND LEGISLATION TO STRENGTHEN ANDIMPROVE LIBRARY SERVICES WITHIN TILE COMMONWEALTHAND TO EXTEND IT TO ALL RESIDENTS.

b. TO PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS NECESSARY FORCARRYING OUT FUNCTIONS IMPOSED BY LAW.

c. TO ESTABLISH STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR LIBRARYSERVICES TO TI IF. PUBLIC AND TO MONITOR THEIRAPPLICATION AND ENFORCEMENT.

d. TO APPROVE AND SUPERVISE PLANS OF REGIONAL BOARDSFOR PIE USE OF STATE FUNDS CONSISTENT WITHESTABLISHED STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES.

e. TO DETERMINE AREAS or SERVICE IN ADMINISTRATION OFSTATE AND FEDERAL FUNDS FOR THE ORGANIZATION,OPERATION. AND IMPROVEMENT OF LIBRARY SERVICES.

f. TO ACCEPT MATERIALS. FUNDS. AND PROPERTY. AND TO USETIIE SAME FOR LIBRARY PURPOSES AND TO DISPOSE OF ANY

18

LIBRARY MATERIALS IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THECOMMONWEALTH.

g. TO SILT STANDARDS FOR THE QUALIFICATIONS OF PUBLICLIBRARY PERSONNEL.

h. TO ADVISE TtiE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ON THEAPPROVAL OF LIBRARY EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND TOREQUIRE ANNUAL REPORTS FROM THESE PROGRAMS.

i. TO ADVISE THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION ONSTANDARDS AND RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR PUBLICSCHOOL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS CENTERS.

j. TO CONTRACT FOR LIBRARY SERVICES, FACILITIES,RESEARCH, OR OTHER RELATED PURPOSES.

k. TO RENDER ADVISORY SERVICES ON ANY ASPECT OFLIBRARY OPERATIONS.

I. TO CONDUCT DEMONSTRATIONS OF LIBRARY SERVICES ANDTO REPORT ON THEIR EFFECTIVENESS.

m. TO ENCOURAGE AND ASSIST ALL TYPES OF LIBRARIES INCOOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMS FOR COLLECTIONBUILDING. CATALOGING SERVICES, LOANS AND OTHEROPE RATIONS.

n. TO REQUIRE REPORTS FOR THE PURPOSE. OF DISSEMINATIONOF STATISTICS ON LIBRARY OPERATIONS AND FOR SPECIALSTUDIES.

o. TO REPORT ANNUALLY ON LIBRARY OPERATIONS TO THEEXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF STATEGOVERNMENT.

19

A Pennsylvania Library Network -Statewide anu Regional

An effective library network is one of the most efficient andeconomical means of providing high quality library and informationservices for all residents of Pennsylvania and of reducing inequitiesin library services. Great progress was made through theestablishment of the district library centers recommended by LowellMartin in 1958 in order to provide for a strong resource librarywithin an hour's drive of each citizen of Pennsylvania. However,there have been factors in the programs of some district librarycenters which have been less than satisfactory. and these should bemodified to provide the best possible pattern of service to the public.The concept of stronk resource centers is endorsed in the followingrecommendations, but this is not to say that the present districtlibrary centers should be perpetuated. It may he in the interestsof some regions of Pennsylvania to change the resource librarydesignation. etc.. and this would he determined by the proposedregional boards. It' so. it should be done in an orderly fashion:therefore, a recomtm.!ndation for continuance of present districtcenter funding for a period of five years is contained in the followingstatements.

The objectives of the recommendation for the establishmentof regional organizations are:

a. to provide for planning by a board representative of allthe citizens of an area rather than by district librarycenters with a primary obligation to a specific community.

h. to allow planning on a coordinated basis throughout aregion.

c. to allow population bases adequate for present modes oflibrary service.

d. to provide administrative structures for the provision ofoppropriate shared services.

e. to provide a device for the distribution of state aid.


1. A PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY NETWORK WITH CAREFULLYCOORDINATED STATEWIDE AND REGIONAL CONIPONENTS SHOULD

20

BE ESTABLISHED UNDER Till DIRECTION OF THE COMMISSIONAND THE COMMISSIONER. THE NETWORK SHOULD COORDINATETHE SERVICES AND RESOURCES OF ALL TYPES OF LIBRARIES.

TWELVE REGIONAL LIBRARY ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD BEESTABLISHED WITH GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES WHICH COINCIDEWITH THOSE: RECOMMENDED BY THE GOVERNOR'S OFFICE OFSTATE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT EXCEPT THATPHILADELPHIA AND ALLEGHENY COUNTIES SHOULD BE REGIONSUNTO THEMSELVES.' 2 THE GOVERNOR'S PLANNING REGIONS ARENOT INFLEXIBLE FOR ALL TIME. AS EACH REGIONAL BOARDPLANS ITS SERVICES, IT MAY FIND THAT SOME AREAS MOREAPPROPRIATELY SHOULD BE JOINED TO ANOTHEI?. AREA. IT WILLALSO BE NECESSARY FOR SOME REGIONS TO ..ONTRACT FORSERVICES FROM A LIBRARY IN ANOTHER REGION OR TO CARRYOUT SOME SERVICES JOINTLY WITH ANOTHER REGIONAL BOARD.

3. TO ENCOURAGE TIIE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONALORGANIZATIONS. Till: PRESENT STATE LIBRARIAN ORCOMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARIES SHOULD APPOINT A STEERINGCOMMITTEE IN EACH REGION TO PREPAV A PROPOSED PLAN FORTHE ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGIONAL LIBRARY ORGANIZATION,THE PLAN TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE STATE LIBRARIAN ORCO' AISSIONER FOR APPROVAL BEFORE THE ORGANIZATION ISSET UP. THE STATE LIBRARY SHOULD PROVIDE ASSISTANCE INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLAN WHICH SHOULD INCLUDE ANEEDS ASSESSMENT. A DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT RESOURCESAND SERVICES, PROJECTED ACTIVITIES, AND A PROPOSEDSTRUCTURE FOR THE REGIONAL BOARD.

4. EACH REGION SHOULD HAVE A REGIONAL LIBRARY BOARD OFNOT MORE THAN FIFTEEN MEMBERS REPRESENTATIVE OF TYPESOF LIBRARIES, LIBRARY USERS, AND THE COMMUNI'T'Y. THESEBOARDS SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OFSTATE FUNDS ALLOCATED TO THEM AND FOR POLICIESRELATING TO LIBRARY PROGRAMS CONSISTENT WITHSTANDARDS AND GUIDELINES ADOPTED BY THE COMMISSION.

5. UPON APPROVAL OF ITS PLAN EACH REGIONAL BOARD SHOULDESTABLISH A SYSTEM lEADQUARTERS AND EMPLOYAPPROPRIATE PROFESSIONAL AND SUPPORTIVE STAFF. THISSTAFF SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR CARRYING OUT AND

I2See Appendix F which contains a memorandum from the Governor's Officeand a map of 10 planning regions proposed by that office.

21

COORDINATING REGIONAL LIBRARY PROGRAMS UNDER POLICIESADOPTED BY THE COMMISSION AND THE REGIONAL BOARD.ALTHOUGH THE BOARD MAY NOT BE TIED ADMINISTRATIVELYTO A SPECIFIC LIBRARY THE BOARD MAY CONTRACT FORHOUSING IN EXISTING FACILITIES.

6. EACH REGION SHOULD PROVIDE FOR ACCESS TO RESOURCELIBRARIES WHICI: ARE AVAILABLE FOR REFERENCE ANDINTERLIBRARY LOAN FOR EVERY RESIDENT IN ITS AREA. EACHREGIONAL BOARD SIIOULD CONTRACT FOR A PERIOD OF FIVEYEARS WITH EXISTING DISTRICT LIBRARY CENTERS TO PROVIDETHOSE SERVICES WHICH ARE CURRENTLY BEING PROVIDED TOTHEIR RESPECTIVE POPULATIONS. CONTRACTS SHOULD BE FORTHE SAME AMOUNT OF PER CAPITA ASSISTANCE WHICH THEDISTRICT LIBRARY CENTERS CURRENTLY RECEIVE. THE

PERFORMANCE OF EACH DISTRICT LIBRARY CENTER SHOULD BESTUDIED AND UNIFORMLY EVALUATED UNDER THE DIRECTIONOF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARIES DURING THE FIVE -YEARPERIOD AND PATTERNS OF SERVICE FOR EACH REGIONADJUSTED AS NECESSARY AT THE END OF THAT TIME.

7. EXISTING LIBRARY NETWORKS SHOULD BE EVALUATED TODETERMINE IN WHAT WAYS THEY CAN MAKE POSITIVECONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NEW PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARYNETWORK, AND THOSE WHICH HAVE PROMISE OF MAKING SUCHCONTRIBUTIONS SHOULD BE INCORPORATED INTO THENETWORK.

8. ALTHOUGH ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN BY REGIONALBOARDS MAY VARY FROM ONE REGION TO ANOTHER AND WILLDEPEND ON FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN LIBRARY SERVICES,USER NEEDS AND AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS, EACH REGIONSHOULD CONSIDER THE ACTIVITIES LISTED BELOW.

a. COOPERATIVE COI LECTION DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS,INCLUDING ALL TYPES OF LIBRARY MATERIALS.

h. RAPID COMMUNICATION AMONG LIBRARIES BY TWX,

DELIVERY VAN, AND OTHER APPROPRIATE METHODS.

C. COOPERATIVE REFERENCE AND INFORMATION SERVICE.

d. JOIN I PLANNING OF PROGRAMS FOR ADULTS ANDCHILDREN.

22

e. EXPERIMENTATION WITH JOINT SERVICES OF DIFFERENTTYPES OF LIBRARIES, SUCH AS SCHOOL AND PUBLIC, ORCOLLEGE AND PUBLIC.

f. CENTRAL STORAGE FACILITIES.

g. RECIPROCAL BORROWING PRIVILEGES FOR LIBRARY USERS.

h. UNIFORM, LIBERAL INTERLIBRARY LOAN POLICIES FOR ALLLIBRARIES.

i. COOPERATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL POLICIES,BUDGET TECHNIQUES, MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES, ETC.

j. COOPERATIVE IN-SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMS.

k. PROVISION OF GENERAL AND SPECIALI7E[) CONSULTANTSERVICES FOR LIBRARIES OF ALL TYPES.

1. COORDINATION OF AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIALS ANDSERVICES.

9. THERE SHOULD BE STATEWIDE REGIONAL NETWORKS FOR;HARING LIBRARY MATERIALS WHICH INVOLVE ALL TYPES OFLIBRARIES. EACH REGION SHOULD DEVELOP A SYSTEM FORSHARING OF MATERIALS AMONG ALL TYPES OF LIBRARIES. THEFOUR PRESENT STATEWIDE RESOURCE CENTERS MAY NEED TOBE AUGMENTED BY THE DESIGNATION OF ADDITIONAL LARGEPUBLIC, ACADEMIC OR SPECIAL LIBRARIES AS CENTERS. ALLCENTERS SHOULD BE ADEQUATELY FUNDED BY THE STATE FORSUCH SERVICE AND MADE SPECIFICALLY ACCOUNTABLE FORTHESE FUNDS.

10. A STATEWIDE. NETWORK FOR SHARING BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATASHOULD BE MADE. AVAILABLE TO PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARIES OFALL TYPES. THIS NETWORK SHOULD INVOLVE COMPUTERIZATIONOF INFORMATION AS NECESSARY. IT SHOULD INCLUDEINFORMATION FOR CATALOGING AND ACQUISITION OFMATERIALS SO THAT LOCAL i.1BRARIES DO NOT HAVE TODUPLICATE THE WORK OF EACH OTHER, BUT CAN SIMPLY TAPTHE NETWORK EN, THE NEEDED INFORMATION. THIS NETWORKSHOULD ALSO INCLUDE FEATURES MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR ALLLIBRARIES TO DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF MATERIALSNEEDED FOR INTERLIBRARY LOANS.

23

11. STATEWIDE AND REGIONAL NETWORKS FOR SHARING OFREFERENCE AND INFORMATION SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED. WHENTHE LOCAL LIBRARY IS UNABLE TO OBTAIN ANSWERS TO USERS'REFERENCE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS, IT SHOULD BE ABLE TOOBTAIN THE NEEDED INFORMATION QUICKLY AND EtS1LYTHROUGH THE NETWORKS.

12. IN DEVELOPING STATEWIDE NETWORKS FOR THE SHARING OFRESOURCES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA AND INFORMATION, FULLCONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO COMPATIBILITY WITHNATIONAL GOALS AND TECHNIQUES.

Financing Library Service to the Public

To assure adequate library services for all Pennsylvanians boththe state government and local governments should assume greaterresponsibility for the support of public libraries, of other types oflibraries which provide access to the public, and of interlibrarycooperative 'network activities.


1. THE COMMONWEALTH SHOULD ASSUME PRIMARYRESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCING REGIONAL LIBRARY SYSTEMSAND STATEWIDE COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS A

STATEWIDE RESOURCE SIIARING NETWORK. FUNDS FORREGIONAL PROGRAMS SHOULD BE GRANTED TO REGIONALLIBRARY BOARDS FOR USE ACCORDING TO RULES ANDREGULATIONS APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION.

THE STATE SIIOULD PROVIDE REGIQVAL LIBRARY BOARDS WITHFUNDS TO BE USED FOR BASIC SUPVORT OF LIBRARY SERVICESTO 11W PUBLIC. PRESENT LEVELS OF SUPPORT ORIGINATINGWITH THE STATE WILL BE N1AINTAINED FOR LOCAL LIBRARIES.THE REGIONAL BOARDS WILL DETERMINE WHETHER. AND HOW,ANY ADDITIONAL FUNDS WILL BE USED AS INCENTIVE GRANTSTO LOCAL LIBRARIES OR FOR ADDITIONAL SERVICES ON AREGIONAL BASIS. OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH. LOCALGOVERNMENTS WILL BE EXPECTED TO SUPPLEMENT THESEFUNDS. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES SHALL REMAIN A LOCALRESPONSIBILITY.

3. REGIONAL BOARDS MAY CONTRACT FOR LIBRARY SERVICE TOTin PUBLIC. REIMBURSEMENT MAY TAKE WHATEVER FORM ISMUTUALLY AGREEABLE. AS FOR EXAMPLE ON A TRANSACTION

24

BASIS OR A GENERAL FEE. WHEN SERVICES ARE STATEWIDE ORBETWEEN REGIONS, THE STATE COMMISSIONER WILL BE PARTYTO THE CONTRACT.

4. ALL COUNTIES SHALL PROVIDE ACCESS FOR THEIR RESIDENTSTO LIBRARY SERVICES AT LEAST AT THE MINIMUM LEVELSCURRENTLY RECOMMENDED BY THE CODE AND/OR LIBRARYCOMMISSION EITHER THROUGH TIIE ESTABLISHMENT OF SERVICEOR THROUGH CONTRACTS WITH EXISTING LIBRARIES OR OTHERAGENCIES. WHEN A BOROUGH, TOWNSHIP, OR CITY, OR OTHERAGENCY PROVIDES FOR SERVICE TO AN AREA AT THIS SAMEMINIMUM LEVELMOWEVER, THE OBLIGATION OF THE COUNTYSHALL BE CONSIDERED TO HAVE BEEN MET FOR THAT AREA. THECOUNTY MAY CARRY OUT ITS RESPONSIBILITY EITHER BY (I)LEVYING DIRECT LIBRARY TAX, OR (2) BY APPROPRIATINGFUNDS FROM GENERAL REVENUE. IF A LIBRARY TAX IS LEVIED,RESIDENTS OF MUNICIPALITIES WHICH SUPPORT LIBRARIESMEETING STANDARDS SHALL BE EXEMPT FROM THE LIBRARYTAX. IF GENERAL FUND REVENUES ARE APPROPRIATED FORCOUNTY LIBRARY SERVICE, EXISTING LIBRARIES IN THE COUNTYMUST BENEFIT EQUEl ABLY FROM THE FUNDS SO APPROPRIATED.IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT SUPPORT IN SOME COUNTIES PRESENTLYEXCEEDS THE MINIMUM LEVEL. SINCE IT IS NOT THE INTENT OFTHIS RECOMMENDATION TO DIMINISH CURRENT LEVELS OFSUPPORT. TOTAL SUPPORT FOR LIBRARY SERVICES WITHIN ACOUNTY SHALL BE RETAINED: HOWEVER, SUPPORT AGREEMENTSMAY BE ARRIVED AT BETWEEN COUNTY AND MUNICIPALGOVERNMENTS SO LONG AS SERVICES ARE NOT DIMINISHED. INDISPUTES BETWEEN MUNICIPALITIES, THE LIBRARY COMMISSIONSHALL DETERMINE ADEQUACY OF SERVICE ANDAPPOI1/4110NMENT OF FUNDS.

5. MINIMUM SUPPORT OF LIBRARY SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC SHOULDBE MORE THAN DOUBLED WITHIN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS WITHSTATE FUNDS MATCHING STATEWIDE AGGREGATE LOCAL TAXSUPPORT.

IT SHOULD BE CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT THE PRECEDINGRECOMMENDATIONS APPLY ONLY TO SUPPORT OF SERVICES TOTilt iBLIC. SUPPORT OE SCHOOL. ACADEMIC AND SPECIALLIBRARIES REMAINS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THEIR PARENTORG kNIZATIONS. EXCEPT INSOFAR AS REGIONAL BOARDS WISHTO CONTRACT FOR SERVICE FROM SUCH LIBRARIES TO THEGENERAL. UNAFFILIATED PUBLIC.

25

6. THE STATE iiiiix;FT SHOULD PROVIDE ADEQUATE ANNUALAPPROPRIATIONS OF STATE MONIES TO THE STATE LIBRARYAGENCY, THESE FUNDS TO BE USED FOR LIBRARY DEVELOPMENTAND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS.

7. THE STATE SHOULD PROVIDE: ADEQUATE. FUNDS FOR OPERATIONOF THE STATE LIBRARY AGENCY ITSELF.

8. FEDERAL FUNDS, WHEN AVAILABLE, SHOULD BE USED FORLIBRARY DEVELOPMENT PURPOSES, RATIIER THAN FOR THEMAINTENANCE OF THE STATE LIBRARY AGENCY AS SUCH.

School LibrariesSchool libraries and media centers have become increasingly

important as emphasis has been placed on individualized instructionand greater freedom in the educational system. Great strides havebeen made in integrating the library into the curriculum of theschool. Such avenues should be pursued. and school librarians shouldconstantly strive to become a real part of the faculty whileencouraging recognition of their unique function in the educationalsystem. Although elsewhere in this report it is recommended thatexperimentation be undertaken with joint services by different typesof libraries, the integral nature of the school library with theeducational process should be continually recognized and promoted.It is essential that some coordination of efforts to improve schoollibraries through advisory services and other methods of assistancecontinue to he provided at the state level. Obviously, administrativecontrol over any library must remain that of the parent organization,the school: therefore. the state's role must remain advisory. On theother hand, the Department of Education does establish standards,including those for libraries. The impact of the state role is thusmore than simply the offering o. advice.

It is recommended that

1. THE DIVISION OF SCHOOL. LIBRARIES SI IOULD Ilk ?LACD UNDERsum RVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARIES. AS IS

THE CASE IN A NUMBER OF OTHER STATES. OR PROVIDED WITHAN APPROPRIATE. AND INTERESTED BUREAU ELSEWHERE WITHINTHE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.

2. Tin: STATE BUDGET SHOULD PROVIDE ADEQUATE ANNUALFUNDS FOR THE DIVISION OF SCHOOL LIBRARIES TO 13E USEDFOR SCI IDOL LIBRARY DINFLopm NT AND DEMONSTRATIONPR(X;RAMS AND PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP.

26

3. THE COMMONwnum SHOULD MANDATE 11W DEVELOPMENT OFSCHOOL LIBRARY PROGRAMS, MEETING TIIE STANDARDSESTABLISHED BY 11W SECRETARY OF EDUCATION. IN EVERYSCHOOL DISTRICT TO ASSURE ADEQUATE LIBRARY SERVICESFOR ALL SCHOOL LIBRARY USERS.

4. T1W CHIEF OF THE DIVISION. OF Sk-1100L LIBRARIES SHOULDSERVE BOTH AS AN ACTIVE AND AS A LIAISON AGENT INDEVELOPING COORDINATION OF SCHOOL LIBRARY SERVICESWITH OTHER TYPES OF LIBRARY SERVICE AT TIW STATE LEVEL.

Academic Libraries

The regional and professional accrediting agencies have virtuallyguaranteed adequacy of libraries in institutions of higher education:however, the new technology coupled with economic pressures,increased rate of publication and extension of research interests haveforced greater cooperation upon these libraries in collection buildingand in services. Not even the greatest academic libraries can aimat complete self-sufficiency. Many consortia formed to date on anational, regional, or state basis are voluntary and unstaffed:therefore. solutions have been only partially effective. An agencyis needed to provide channels of communication among academiclibraries and to lead in such matters as identifying common interests,the mechanics of planning, and organization.

It is recominew:ed that:

THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARIES SHOULD ASSIGN STAFF TOPROVIDE ASSISTANCE IN THE COORDINATION OF ACADEMICLIBRARY SERVICES THROUGHOUT THE STATE AS WELL ASASSISTING IN DEVELOPING COOPERATIVE SERVICES AMONGDIFFERENT TYPES OF LIBRARIES. THIS RESPONSIBILITY SHOULDBE RECOGNIZED IN TIW LIBRARY CODE.

Special Libraries

Special libraries exist only at the will of their parentorganizations, thus it is impossible to make general recommendationsas one would for public or school libraries, which are publiclysupported. Iloi:ver, as resources sometimes available for use byumiffiliatcd users and as instruments for promoting the state'seLonomy, it is in the public interest to provide some assistance tospecial libraries.

27


THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARIES SHOULD ASSIGN STAFF TOPROVIDE ADVISORY SERVICES TO SPECIAL_ LIBRARIES. TIIISSHOULD BE RECOGNIZED AS A DUTY IN THE LIBRARY CODE.

Institutional Libraries

Vast numbers of Pennsylvanians housed in institutions forvarious reasons are often denied the right to formal and informaleducational and recreational resources. A wide range of libraryservices including audiovisual as well :is print materials andinformation and reference delivery systems is recommended. Thestate library commissioner is charged with the responsibility ofdeveloping a plan to provide standards and methods ofimplementation to those other state agencies.

Development of services both by institutions and to institutionsby local libraries is in such a primitive phase in most instances thatrecommendations in this report must be of a very basic nature.Further study of this important responsibility is urgently needed.


1. THE STATE AGENCIES WHICH EITHER OPERATE OR REGULATERESIDENTIAL INSTITUTIONS SHOULD INCLUDE IN THEIRSTANDARDS THE REQUIREMENT ot srEcIFIED MINIMUM LEVELSOF LIBRARY SERVICE.

ar. THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARIES SHOULD ADVISE OTHERSTATE. AGENCIES ON MINIMUM STANDARDS OE LIBRARY SERVICEAND INFORMATION AND REFERRAL SYSTEMS. THIS SHOULD BEREC(X;NIZED IN THE LIST OF HIS DUTIES AS STATED IN THELIBRARY CODE.

3. THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARY SERVICES SHOULD PROVIDEADVISORY STAFF TO WORK DIRECTLY WITH INSTITUTIONS ANDTHEIR PARENT ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES ATTEMPTING TODEVELOP THEIR LIBRARY SERVICE. Tilts SHOULD 1W

RECOGNjZED IN THE LIBRARY CODE.

4. THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARY SERVICES SHALL GATHERINFORMATION ON THE STATE OF LIBRARY SERVICE TOINSTITUTIONS AND MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS TO RESPONSIBLEAGENCIES AND LOCAL LIBRARIES FOR IMPROVED SERVICES.

28

Coordination of Library Servicesat the Local Level

Coordination of the services and resources of different librariesin a given community can often result in improved services to libraryusers. Whenever such coordination is initiated, care must be takento make sure that services to the primary users of each type oflibrary are not diminished. Combining various types of libraries isoften suggested as a means of improving library services. In somecommunities such combinations might be beneficial. but in othersthey could have detrimental effects.


I. THE. COMMISS!ONER FOR LIBRARY SERVICES SHOULD ESTABLISHGUIDELINES FOR INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION, COORDINA1 ION,AND EXPERIMENTATION AT THE LOCAL LEVEL AND ACTIVELYWORK WITH REGIONAL BOARDS AND LOCAL OFFICIALS TO BRINGABOUT DESIRED RESULTS.

EXPERIMENTATION WITH COMMUNITY LIBRARIES SHOULD BEUNDERTAKEN IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT KINDS OF SITUATIONS.THESE EXPERIMENTS MAY INVOLVE JOINT USE OF FACILITIES,STAFF. AND RESOURCES BY SCHOOL AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES, BYPUBLIC AND ACADEMIC LIBRARIES, BY ACADEMIC AND SCHOOLLIBRARIES, OR BY un 1FR COMBINATIONS. IN SOME CASESOUTRIGHT CONSOLIDATION OF TWO OR MORE LIBRARIES OFDIFFERENT TYPES MIGHT BE DESIRABLE, IN OTHER CASES,CONTRACTS FOR SHARING OF MATERIALS AND STAFF MIGHT BEMOST EFFECTIVE. THE COMMISSIONER SHOULD ENCOURAGE ANDASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE EXPERIMENTAL UNITS.

Planning. Research. and Evaluation

Library programs are most effective when based on carefulplanning. research, and evaluation.


1. THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARY SERVICES SHOULD INITIATEAND SUPERVISE A STATEWIP7'. PROGRAM OF PLANNING,RESEARCH. AND EVALUATION OF LIBRARY SERVICES INCOOPERATION WITH REGIONAL LIBRARY BOARDS.

29

2. ALL LIBRARY AGENCIES RECEIVING STATE FUNDS SHOULD BEREQUIRED TO SUBMIT ANNUAL PLANS AS DIRECTED BY THECOMMISSIONER FOR THE USE OF THOSE FUNDS AND FINALREPORTS SPECIFYING tiOW THEY WERE USED. THE REPORTSSHOULD INCLUDE INDICATORS OF EFFECTIVENESS WHICH WOULDVERIFY WHETHER INTENDED GOALS ARE BEING ACHIEVED.

Education for Librarianship

Effectively functioning libraries need qualified staffs.Undergraduate and graduate library education should be high inquality, and effective programs of continuing education should beavailable to practicing librarians and library supportive staff.


I. COORDINATION OF A SYSTEMATIC STATEWIDE PROGRAM OFLIBRARY EDUCATION AND CONTINUING EDUCATION FORLIBRARIANSHIP FOR ALL TYPES OF LIBRARIES SHOULD BEUNDER THE DIRECTION OF TILE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARYSERVICES.

A COMPRLIIENSIVE STUDY OF LIBRARY EDUCATION IN

PENNSYLVANIA SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN. THE INVESTIGATIONSHOULD INCLUDE A STATUS STUDY. A PLAN FOR COOPERATIONAND SPECIALIZATION AMONG ALL TYPES OF LIBRARY

EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN THE STATE. AS WELL AS A

DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE FUTURE.

3. LIBRARY SCHOOLS SHOULD MAINTAIN SUFFICIENT FLEXIBILITYIN THEIR PROGRAMS TO GEAR THE PRODUCTION OF STUDENTSTO THE NATURE OF THE CURRENT JOB MARKET.

4. A PENNSYLVANIA COUNCIL ON LIBRARY EDUCATION SHOULD BE

ESTABLISHED. THE COMMISSIONER FOR LIBRARY SERVICESSHOULD BE STATE LIAISON WITH THIS GROUP. THIS COUNCILSHOULD BE COMPOSED OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM LIBRARYEDUCATION PROGRAMS OF ALL LEVELS. FROM PROFESSIONALASSOCIATIONS. FROM STATE AGENCIES. AND FROM

PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIANS IN TI STATE. TIIE PROPOSEDCOUNCIL SI IOULL BE CHARGED WITH ADVISING STATE OFFICIALSON THE APPROVAL OF NEW PROGRAMS. THE EXPANSION OFEXISTING PROGRAMS. THE ELIMINATION OF MARGINAL

PROGRAMS. DEVELOPMENT OF A PLAN FOR IMPROVINGOPPORTUNITIES FOR LIBRARY EDUCATION THROUGHOUT THE

30

4.

COMMONWEALTH, AND WITH MAKING RECOMMENDATIONS ONAPPROPRIATE CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR LIBRARYPERSONNEL.

5. UNDERGRADUATE LIBRARY MEDIA PROGRAMS WHICH DO NOTRECEIVE STATE PROGRAM APPROVAL BY THEIR SECONDEVALUATION VISIT SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED.

O. GRADUATE PROGRAMS IN LIBRARY EDUCATION (AT THEMASTER'S LEVEL) SHOULD BE LIMITED TO THOSE WHICH HAVEACHIEVED OR ARE COMMITTED TO ACHIEVING ACCREDITATIONBY THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. EXISTING MASTER'SLEVEL PROGRAMS SHOULD REACH ACCREDITATION BY JUNE 30,1980 OR BE DISCONTINUED. NEW PROGRAMS WILL HAVE AMAXIMUM OF FIVE YEARS TO ACHIEVE ACCREDITATION.

Adoption and Implementation of the Plan

Adoption of this Master Plan is the responsibility of theAdvisory Council on Library Development. Implementation of itsrecommendations is the responsibility of the Advisory Council'sexecutive officer. the State Librarian, and will become theresponsibility of the Commissioner when he is appointed.

While official responsibility rests with the Advisory Council andthe State Librarian, the plan will be successful only if activelysupported by all librarians. library trustees. and friends of libraries.Although implementation of the plan's recommendations will nothe easy. success is inevitable if concerned people work hard andwork toa.c then


I. HIE GOVERNOR'S ADVISORY COUNCIL ON LIBRARYDEVI LOPMENT SHOULD REVIEW THE PLAN CAREFULLY ANI)AIX)PT IT AS OFFICIAL COUNCIL POLICY, EITHER IN TOTAL ORWITH ANY REVISIONS WHICH THE COUNCIL FEELS ARENECESSARY. AND PRESENT IT TO THE GOVERNOR ANI)DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.

THE STATE LIBRARIAN SIIOULD TAKE ALL STEPS NECESSARY TOIMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PLAN. THISINCLUDES DRAFTING LEGISLATION FOR THOSERECOMMENDATIONS WHICH REQUIRE LEGISLATION, INITIATINGADMINISTRATIVE ACTION FOR THOSE RECOMMENDATIONS WHICH

31

REQUIRE SUCH ACTION, AND DEVELOPING GUIDELINES ANDPROCEDURE MANUALS WHICH ARE NEEDED TO CARRY OUT THEPLAN.

3. THE PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION SHOULDUNDERTAKE AN EXTENSIVE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM TO INFORMTHE LIBRARY COMMUNITY AND THE PEOPLE OF PENNSYLVANIAABOUT THIS PLAN TO SEEK THEIR SUPPORT FOR IT. IN THISEFFORT. THE COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE OF LIBRARIANS,LIBRARY TRUSTEES, AND OF A VARIETY OF COMMUNITYLEADERS SHOULD BE SOLICITED.

4. THE PLAN AS ADOPTED BY THE ADVISORY COUNCIL ON LIBRARYDEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED WITH ALL POSSIBLESPEED.

32

APPENDIX A

THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF THEGOVERNOR'S ADVISORY COUNCIL ON LIBRARY

DEVELOPMENT*

I. To advise the Governor and the Secretary of Education withregard to the appointment of the State Librarian.

To give advice and make recommendations to the Governor.the Secretary of Education and the State Librarian with respectto the general policies and operations of the State Library andthe Commonwealth's library program.

3. To constitute a board of appeal in regard to disputes arisingfrom decisions of the State Librarian, which affect the amountof state aid to a library or its eligibility for state aid. In anysuch appeal. the ex officio members of the council shall nothave voting rights and the vote of a majority of the dulyappointed members of the council shall be determinative ofthe appeal.

4. To aid in increasing public understanding of. and formulatingplans for, furthering the purposes of this act.

5. To promulgate rules and regulations for the approval of plansfor the use of state funds.

6. To approve or disapprove the library district designations andalignments which are recommended by the State Librarian.

*Source: The Library Cale (of Pennsylvanial.1972. p. 5.

33

AP

PE

ND

IX B

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d

APPENDIX C

COMPARATIVE RESOURCES AND EXPENDITURES OFPENNSYLVANIA ACADEMIC AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES 1970.71

ACADEMIC LIBRARIES PUBLIC LIBRARIES

MATER IALS:VolumesMicrofilmOther Micro FormsPeriodicalsGovernment Publications

STAFF:Professional StaffSupportive StaffStudent lid},Provisional LibrariansLibrary Assistants

EXPENDITURES:Salaries

I dourly Wages

MaterialsBindingOtherTotal Expenditures

20.748,399

(11(1.077

6,467,610178.252

1.620,132

1.169

1.582

1.909.783 HoursNone

None

520.083,(149

2.885.59214.227.185

1.245.0821957.217

41,398.725

14,280,7(19

No recordNo recordNo recordNo record

709

2.990No record

12590

520.807.055None

4.992.205No record

4.469.45530.268,715

Sources:I. Our Colleges and Universities Today; Library Resources, Staff and

Expenditure at Pennsylvania Institution of Higher Education 1970.71.Pa. Dept. of Education. Vol. IX. no. 4. 1971.

2. 1970 Pennsylvania Public Library Statistics, Feb. 1972.

38

APPENDIX I)Directory of Pennsylvania Library Cooperatives

This directory is based on an extensive study done in 1972 -Inventory of Pennsylvania Library Cooperatives and InformationNetworks by Natalie Wiest. Lee Lourea, and Brigitte 1.. Kenney.Further information about each cooperative listed may he obtainedby consulting that directory, copies of which are on file at the StateLibrary of Pennsylvania.

Area College Library Cooperative Program (ACLCN: Sixteen collegelibraries are full members.

Beaver County Federated Library System. Open to all types oflibraries in Beaver County. although at present only public librariesare members.

Bryn MawrIlanford Cooperative.

Cabrini College Eastern College Cooperative.

Cambria-Somerset Delivery Service. A service for public libraries inthe district and for selected public and academic libraries outsidethe district.

Center for Research Libraries, Chicago. Balch Institute. LehighUniversity. Temple University. University of Pennsylvania, andUniversity of Pittsburgh are members.

Central Pennsylvania Consortium. Includes four colleges. Thelibrarians meet under the auspices of the consortium.

Committee on Cooperation of the Union Library Catalogue. Alltypes of libraries are represented.

District Library Centers. Pennsylvania presently has 28 districtlibrary centers which serve the public libraries and library users intheir districts.

Eastern Pennsylvania Interlibrary Cooperation Council (EPIC).Includes representatives of all types of libraries.

Greater Lehigh Valley Library Council. Includes representatives ofall types of libraries. It has initiated several cooperative projects..

Lehigh Valley Association of Independent Colleges. The librariansof the colleges meet under auspices of the L -liege consortium andare engaged in various cooperative endeavors.

39

Libraries for the Blind and Physically handicapped. The two regional

libraries are the Free Library 01 Philadelphia and the CarnegieLibrary of Pittsburgh. Serve the blind and severely handicappedindividuals by mail.

Medline (Medlars-on-line). Includes several Pennsylvania medicallibraries.

Mid-Eastern Regional Medical Library Service. Philadelphia. Servesmedical and health-related institutions and personnel.

Middle Atlantic Research Libraries Information Network (MARLIN).Pennsylvania members are Pennsylvania State University, Universityof Pennsylvania. and Temple University.

Northeastern Pennsylvania Bibliographic Center. A union catalogueof public and academic libraries.

Northwest Interlibrary Cooperative of Pennsylvania (NICOP). A newgroup. just beginning to plan activities. Includes all types of libraries.

Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). A number of Pennsylvanialibraries utilize OCLC terminals to receive cataloging and otherinformation on-line from the computer facility in Columbus, Ohio.

Pennsylvania Public Libraries Film Center. A network of film serviceto public libraries operated out of Harrisburg.

Philadelphia Area Library Automation Conference (PA LAC).Includes 13 colleges and universities.

Philadelphia College of Art/Philadelphia Music AcademyCooperative.

Pittsburgh Regional Library Center (PR LC). Mainly academiclibraries, with the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh and a special libraryrepresentative. The center is engaged in a number of cooperativeprojects, including a union list of periodicals.

Regional Library Resource ('enters. The resource libraries are theFree Library of Philadelphia. the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh,the State Library, and the Pennsylvania State University Libraries.They serve public libraries through interlibrary loan and also providewalk-in service for users.

40

Scranton Public Library. Delivery service to public and academiclibraries.

State College Library Directors. The directors of the 13 state-ownedcolleges and Indiana University are members. They meet regularlyto discuss common concerns.

Susquehanna Library Cooperative. Includes various types of librarieswithin the north central area of the state.

Theological Seminaries of Southeastern Pennsylvania. Includes eightseminaries.

Tri-County Library Consortium. Includes school and public librariesin the New Castle district.

Tri -State College Library Cooperative. Includes 20 colleges.

TWX Network. Approximately 40 public, academic, and speciallibraries have TWX equipment.

Union Library Catalogue of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Has over 200member libraries of different types.

Union of Independent Colleges of Art/Learning Resources ExchangeProgram (UICA/LREP). National. Pennsylvania member is thePhiladelphia College of Art.

41

OA '501

If T

In

APPENDIX E

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

August .29. 1972

Uniform Itgions

Interested Parties

f Rom George Kasparek. Assistant DirectorGovernor's Office of State Planning and Development

I am pleased to enclose for your information a copy

of the Govornor's Executive Directive No. 48, dated

August 28. 1972. which delineates and designates ten

uniform regions in Pennsylvania for all substate planning

and development activities of the Commonwealth.

Enclosure

42

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

MiLTQ141 j $MAeovilaNO*

SUBJECT: Uniform Regions

August 28, 1972

TO: Heads of All Administrative Departments,

Independent Administrativy Boards andCommissions, and Other State Agenciesunder the Governor's Jurisdiction

FROM: The Governor

The ever-increasing number and variety ofFederal, State and local government programs haveevolved as very visible characteristics of our systemof government. While individual programs reflect sin-cere responses to specific problems, their cumulativeeffect too often is diminished because of fragmenta-tion. One consequence of this fragmentation is theconfusing variety of substate regional delineationswhich are currently used for various State and Fed-eral program purposes.

In order to simplify the administrativeprocess of government and make it more visible andaccessible to the citizens of Pennsylvania, I amdirecting that a uniform system of multi-countyregions be ut'lized a a common geographic basefor all sutstite bl,Inninn and development activitiesof the

orlIk'rsive :Planning performed at therenionll 's row seen as an effective meansof unifyirr: ?ri strernthening the plans of localgovernr-ert; and of relating them to Statewide andNational Dian; and programs. The use of uniformregions should strengthen regional plan implementa-tion by encouraging a closer relationship betweenregional planning efforts and State and FederalProgram planners and administrators.

43

The boundaries of the ten uniform regions(see attached map) are based upon years of study and

use by the Office of State Planning and Development

(formerly State Planning Board) and upon experiencewith programs such as the Appalachia Regional Develop-ment Program which successfully utilize multi-countyregional organizations for planning and developmentpurposes.

It is my intention that the goegraphicaspects of all State and Federal programs shouldeventually be consistent with the uniform regionsto the maximum extent possible. Since the boundariesof the uniform regions fall within those of the sixhuman service regions which were delineated in 1968,those agencies which are now utilizing the six regionsare likely to experience no more than minimal changes

in adapting their programs to the uniform regions.Other agencies are expected to conform as expedi-tiously as possible. The Executive Director of theOffice of State Planning and Development, acting incoordination with the Budget Secretary, will revieweach agency's progress toward compliance with the

uniform regions.

Recognizing that no "perfect" regionalconfiguration will ever be achieved, these delinea-tions must remain flexible. However, any futurerealignment of individual counties will apply toall regional programs and all State Government

administrative regions.

44

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APPENDIX I

PROPOSED REORGANIZATIOII OF STATE LIBRARY SERVICES

Commission on

Library Services

II

Commissioner for

Higher Education

State Board

of Edues4t4c,

Commissioner for

Secretary

of

Education

and

Executive

Deputy

Secretary

Administrative Boards

and Commissions

Commissioner for

Library Services

Basic Education

Documents

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 095 866 IR 001 046 · DOCUMENT RESUME. IR 001 046. Pennsylvania Library Master Plan Committee Report. 54p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3.15 PLUS POSTAGE ... Charles