B B A F T QUALITY ASSURANCE SAMPLING PLAN

FOR THE COLLECTION OF AIR AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS NEAR THE CERTAIN-TEED/MALINE CREEK SITE

FOR ASBESTOS ANALYSIS

(BSLLEFONTAINE NEIGHBORS, ST. LOUIS COUNTY, MISSOURI)

ft ! Site: .JDoS' ; ID # Broali: *3,3

i Other: — I ( i o-W j U.S. EPA REGION VII V, —

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE BRANCH

and

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEAM

October, 1994

010-yi n

30290513

Superfund

APPROVED: O'JOO

f a i r I \M 3A On-Scene Coordinator Date

14

Peer Reviewer Date

Chief, Emergency Planning & Response Branch Date

Regional Quality Assurance Officer Date

QUALITY ASSURANCE SAMPLING PLAN FOR THE COLLECTION OF AIR AND SOIL SAMPLES

FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS NEAR THE CERTAIN-TEED/MALINE CREEK SITE FOR ASBESTOS ANALYSIS

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Site Location The Certain-Teed/Maline Creek site is located at 600 St. Cyr

Road in Bellefontaine Neighbors, Missouri. Bellefontaine Neighbors is a suburban city in north St. Louis County. The geographic coordinates of the site are 38o44'03" N latitude and 90ol3'12" W longitude. A site location map is included as attachment A to this plan.

B. Site Description The site consists of the former Certain-Teed Transite Pipe

Plant property at 600 St. Cyr Road and the former GAF Transite Plant property at 9215 Riverview Boulevard, adjacent to the former Certain-Teed property to the south-southeast. Both Certain-Teed and GAF manufactured asbestos containing transite pipe and sheeting and used the field between the two facilities as an open dump for scrap materials (Attachment B). The area around the properties is industrial/residential and is in the city limits of Bellefontaine Neighbors and Riverview, Missouri. Maline Creek flows south-southeast along the southern boundary and eventually empties into the Mississippi River approximately three-fourths of a mile from site. The area directly south-southeast of Maline Creek along the site is a residential subdivision and there is a nursing home 350 feet northwest of the site.

C. Site History Certain-Teed Corporation manufactured asbestos-cement pipe at

this site from the mid 1920s until May 11, 1979, when manufacturing operations ceased. The neighboring GAF Transite Plant also ceased operation sometime in 1979. Up until that time, both facilities reportedly used the land between their plants as an open dump for scrap asbestos and settled solids from process wastewater. In February 1979,„both companies hired the same consulting engineering firm, Reitz & Jens, to begin preparing closure plans for Certain-Teed and GAF to minimize the potential for adverse environmental impact and to comply with Missouri Solid Waste Management Law. Subsequent plans approved by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) included reworking the material to an acceptable slope,.applying an earthen cover of at least 12 inches, seeding the site to establish vegetative growth, and constructing a rock

covering on the creek slope to prevent erosion.

A site inspection conducted b,y MDNR on May 13, 1980, confirmed that the site was in basic conformance with the approved closure plans, however it was noted that broken pieces of asbestos-containing pipe were scattered along the undisturbed creek bank upstream of the rip-rap work area and south of the former Certain-Teed facility. This condition was not determined to pose a significant threat due to the wooded nature of the creek bank at that time. The Certain-Teed Corporation sold the property to the current owner, P.G. Investments, in September 1981. P.G. Investments, owned and operated by Phillip and Gerald Kootman, subsequently opened Branch Metal Processing Company at the site. In January 1982, pipe material became visible along the creek bank after the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District (MSD) conducted tree and brush removal along the creek to facilitate future creek channelization efforts. This left the material subject to sloughing and weathering with stream flow fluctuations. MDNR recommended at that time that any removal and stabilization efforts be coordinated with MSD.

In May 1982, MSD proposed a cleanup of the creek bank. MDNR approved the plan with the condition that the waste be disposed at an approved sanitary landfill. The cleanup began in August 1982, with several loads of scrap asbestos containing material hauled to West Lake Sanitary Landfill in Bridgeton, Missouri. According to MDNR reports, when these efforts ceased there was still approximately 1000 square feet of scrap asbestos pipe visible along the upper portion of the creek bank.

The EPA Environmental Monitoring and Compliance Branch (EMCM) conducted inspections of the former Certain-Teed and GAF facilities in May and June of 1988 respectively. Exposed transite pipe and board was observed along the creek bank and on the surface near the covered waste piles at both facilities and transite pipe was observed in the creek bed along the Certain-Teed property. Samples of the exposed materials collected during these inspections indicated the materials contained up to 25% chrysotile and 15% crocidolite asbestos. Followup site assessment activity was conducted at the site in March and September 1992, by the Ecology & Environment, (E & E) Inc., Technical Assistance Team (TAT) following a congressional inquiry to EPA initiated by a citizen complaint. Further sampling was conducted and photographic and video documentation of the site was produced. Sample results from this effort indicated exposed insulation, transite pipe, and sheeting materials containing up to 85% chrysotile and 15 % crocidolite asbestos. The exposed materials appeared to be weathering and becoming more friable and scrap materials were observed accumulating in the creek bed as the pieces were dislodged from the creek bank through erosional processes.

During the flood'event in July and August of 1993, swelling of the Mississippi River caused a back up of Maline Creek to such an extent that flooding of the common area along the south bank of the

M M creek adjacent to the subdivision south of site occurred. In addition approximately 70 homes were flooded to varying degrees during the peak crest period. The peak crest on the Mississippi River in St. Louis occurred on August 1, 1993, with a crest stage of 49.6 feet. Approximately 20 of the affected homes are scheduled for buyout by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). More homes were eligible for buyout however the residents refused. This flood event potentially transported asbestos fibers from the site, increasing the potential for asbestos contamination in the affected areas above and beyond that which may have been present prior to the flood.

II. OBJECTIVES

A. Objectives of Sampling Effort The primary objective of this proposed sampling effort is to

provide a rapid assessment of the potential threat from exposure to asbestos fibers to residents living in the subdivision near the site. The target population in this assessment is the residences near the area affected by the flooding in 1993, however the sampling will be conducted with the assumption that contamination by asbestos fibers at these residences may have been occurring in this area due to entrainment from the site for many years prior to the flood event.

B. Scope of Work To achieve the aforementioned objectives for this sampling

effort a network of personal sampling pumps will be set up to collect air samples for asbestos analysis near the residences affected by flooding in August, 1993. Soil samples will also be collected for asbestos analysis from selected locations. In order to determine what effect the flood may have had in spreading asbestos contamination off site several remote and background sample locations will be selected away from the area affected by the flooding. The air samples will be collected with personal sampling pumps in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 7402 and with the assistance of an Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) certified air monitoring technician.

C. Data Quality Objectives The data quality objective for this sampling effort is to

provide data to give a rapid assessment of the potential threat from exposure to asbestos fibers to residents living near the Certain-Teed/Maline Creek site. Definitive identification and quantitation of the asbestos fibers in all samples will meet quality assurance level two (QA2) objectives and provide a health

and safety assessment for the site.

III. PROPOSED FIELD ACTIVITIES

A. Sampling Rationale/Methods As mentioned previously, the air samples will be collected

according to NIOSH method 7402 and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1001. An AHERA certified air monitoring technician will be subcontracted to assist with the air sampling network design and sample collection. The network will be set up in the flood zone and at remote and background locations upwind and away from the site. As specified in the method, personal sampling pumps will be set up to run for eight hours at a rate of two liters per minute giving an approximate total sample volume of 960 liters. Each pump will be calibrated before and after use with a representative filter cassette installed. The collection medium or filter cassette will be the prescribed 25-mm diameter cassette with an open-faced 50-mm electrically conductive extension cowl and mixed cellulose ester filter membrane. The filter cassettes will be set at one meter above the ground during sample collection. A total of 12 air samples, including two blank samples as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1001 and one collocated sample, will be submitted to the contracted laboratory for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) asbestos analysis following NIOSH method 7402.

Surface soil samples will be collected from all air sampling locations and from selected other locations in the flood zone, remote, and background locations following E & E Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Soil Sampling Geotech 5.17, January 1990. The soil samples collected in association with the air sample locations will be composite samples consisting of four aliquots collected approximately 10 feet north, south, east, and west of the pump location. The remaining soil samples will be grab samples collected from selected locations. The samples will be packaged in 8-ounce glass jars. A maximum of 30 soil samples will be submitted to the contracted laboratory for TEM asbestos analysis.

A field logbook will be kept documenting all activity during this sampling. Sample documentation and management in the field will be conducted according to the following standard operating procedures:

2130.2A Field Chain of Custody for Environmental Samples 2130.3A Identification, Documentation and Tracking of Samples

B. Sampling Equipment - 10 Gilian personal sampling pumps with flexible connecting

tubing 1 Gilibrator primary standard airflow calibrator

- 12 25-mm x 50-mm electrically conductive filter cassettes

V

D M with mixed cellulose ester filter membranes

- compass - survey flags - 100' and 300' tapes - stainless steel sampling spoons - aluminum pie pans - powder free vinyl surgical gloves - 8-ounce glass sample jars - poultry bags - 38" x 60" poly bags - trash bags - paper towels - tap water - field sheets, sample tags, custody seals, chain-of-custody

forms - duct tape, strapping tape, clear tape - static free packing material - cooler for sample storage and shipment - Level C personal protective equipment (PPE) - 35-mm camera and film - logbook

C. Decontamination Procedures Dry decontamination and disposal of all PPE and expendable

sampling equipment is suggested. PPE will be rendered useless and bagged for disposal. Equipment and instrumentation will be wiped down with moist towelettes and wiped dry.

IV. LOGISTICS

A. Personnel Requirements/Protective Equipment Two TAT personnel will be required to conduct the soil

sampling and to assist the subcontracted AHERA certified air monitoring technician with the air sampling. The EPA On-scene Coordinator (OSC) for this project is Don Hamera. All sampling will be conducted in level C PPE with an air-purifying respirator and hooded tyvek coveralls. Latex boot covers and inner gloves will be utilized and sealed with duct tape to the tyvek coveralls. A new pair of powder free vinyl surgical gloves will be donned for each sample collected to minimize the potential for cross contamination of samples.

B. Schedule

A meeting between EPA, MDNR, and local personnel regarding the site and access has been scheduled for Thursday October 27, 1994. The sampling effort has been tentatively scheduled to follow this meeting on Tuesday November 1 and Wednesday November 2, 1994. The

I B M sampling will be postponed if it is raining or conditions are wet.

C. Access Permission to access the former Certain-Teed property will be

obtained through EPA at the meeting on October 27, 1994. Permission to access the residences and remote locations for air and soil sampling will be acquired at this same time by the OSC.

D. Media/Public Inquiries All inquiries concerning the site and the sampling effort will

be referred to the OSC or the EPA Region VII Office of Public Affairs for response.

V. ANALYTICAL METHODS

A. Analytical Procedures Both the air and soil samples will be analyzed by transmission

electron microscopy (TEM) at a National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) accredited laboratory. As mentioned previously, the air samples will be collected and analyzed according to NIOSH method 7402 and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1001 guidelines. The data will be reported in fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc). Soil samples will be analyzed by the TEM modified Chatfield method with the data reported in percentage by fiber species. Holding time on the samples is indefinite.

B. Method Detection Limits The estimated method detection limit for TEM analysis for

asbestos in air is .005 fibers per cubic centimeter. A structure must be longer than five microns and have at least a 3 to 1 length to diameter ratio to be counted as a fiber. An action level of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter as an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) has been established as the concentration above which employers must initiate compliance activities. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for asbestos is an 8-hour TWA of 0.2 fiber per cubic centimeter. For bulk and soil sample asbestos analysis EPA considers any material containing greater than 1% asbestos as asbestos containing material (ACM). Any material containing less than 1% asbestos is not considered ACM.

C. Quality Control Overall quality control for the sampling phase of this project

8 @ M shall be the joint responsibility of the TAT field team leader and the OSC. The laboratory quality control shall follow the quality control procedures specified by the respective methods.

VI. REFERENCES

Ecology & Environment, Inc., Technical Assistance Team, May 8, 1992. Certain-Teed Transite Pipe Site Assessment, TDD T07-9203-012, submitted to U.S. EPA Region VII Emergency Planning and Response Branch, Kansas City, Kansas.

Ecology & Environment, Inc., Technical Assistance Team, September 21, 1992. Certain-Teed-Maline Creek Site Assessment, TDD T07-9209-003, submitted to U.S. EPA Region VII Emergency Planning and Response Branch, Kansas City, Kansas. Ecology & Environment, Inc., Technical Assistance Team, March 14, 1994. Maline Creek Site Assessment, TDD T07-9402-015, submitted to U.S. EPA Region VII Emergency Planning and Response Branch, Kansas City, Kansas. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Waste Management Unit, August 28, 1984, Preliminary Assessment-Branch Metal Processing Company, 3012 Summary, Case 534.918. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988, Environmental Monitoring and Compliance Branch, Inspection Report on the Certain-Teed Transite Pipe Plant, St. Louis, Missouri. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988, Environmental Monitoring and Compliance Branch, Inspection Report on the GAP Transite Plant, St. Louis, Missouri. ATTACHMENTS Attachment A - Site Location Map Attachment B - Site Sketch Attachment C - Areas Affected by Flooding/Proposed Sampling

Locations Attachment D - 29 CFR 1910.1001-Appendix A;B Sampling Procedures

ATTACHMENT

SITE LOCATOR MAP

SCALE 1:24000 .5 1 MIUI

1 KILOMSTKH

CUAMMMSLC LOCATION

CERTAIN-TEED TRANSITE PIPE (MALINE CREEK)

ATTACHMENT g

1 inch = 300 ft

CERTAIN-TEED TRANSITE PIPE SITE (MAUNE CREEK)

.!> T

SITE MAP

I *

ATTACHMENT C

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ATTACHMENT

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51910,1001 ossible

union •-*• union

a shall I

t). ih>. hall b« 1988. ection. -ch 13.

(ill) ParagrkDh (i) of this section, shall be compiled with by September 14.1989.

(4> Compliance date. The require* menu of paragmohs <1K4). (JXlKiv), OXBXtUX1), (JXBXtllXJ), <JK5XlVXC>, and (1X7X1XD) shall be oomplied with by May 7.1990.

<p> Appedtce*. <l> Appendices A. C. D. and 2 to this section are tncorporat* ed as part of this section and the eon-tents of these Appendices are manda­tory.

(2) Appendices B. F. C. H, and I to this section are informational and are not intended to create any additional oblisstion not otherwise imposed or to detract from any frlsMnf obligation,

Amnu A TO 11910.1001—OSHA

This mandatory appendix apertflea the procedure for analystng air —rr1** for aa-bastoe and apaetfiea quality control prucc-durea tnat must be Implemented by labom-torim perfonalac the anaiytia. The sam-pltnt end analytical mathoda JueuiiutJ below repitaant the elements of the avail­able mcnttertDS mrthorti (such as the MIOBH 7400 metbod) which OSHA consid-ers to be emeatial to achieve adequate em­ployee expoeure monitorlna while anowms «mploye»a to uae methoda that am already mrahlislwrt wtthin their orgsiiiiaiinni. All •mptoysra who am required to onnduet air mouitarin* under paragraph <d> of the standMd am required to utilise labomtoeiae that urn thla procedure, or an equivalent method, for col lectins and aan-

Sampling and Analytical Procedure i. The —t1*" medium for air

ahaa be mixed eeHulom ester filter braoes. Thme ahal) be itmlgnateil by the manufacturer aa suitable for aibeetoe count-Ins. gee below for refection of hlanlri

J. The preferred ooDoctian deetoa shall be the SB*mm° diameter eamette with an open-faeed sbmm electrically conductive exten­

sion cowl. The S7<mm osmetic may be need if niicimary but only if written justification for the need to use the 17-mm filter eamette aeeompanlec the maple reeulte in the em* ployee'e expoeure moattoriac record. >

3. An sir flew rate between 0J utar/mta and 9-9 Uters/ain shall be eeleates for the 29-ram ceamcte. U the 37-mm casMtte is used. an air flow rate between 1 Uter/nUn and 3.9 litem/min ahall be eelectod.

4. Where pastiMe. a suffldant air vuhram for eaefa air ample ahall be collected to yield between 100 and lAQO ftbera per square mUllmmcr on the membrane filter, if a filter darkens in appearance or u loose dust Is seen on the filter, a seem shall be etarted*

5. fillip the remrriea in a rigid with sufficient pausing material to prevent dislodging the eeUeetod fiben. Packing ma-terial that has a blah eteetrasutie chaise

i of the

the pump

on its surface (eg. cannot ba used cause lorn of fibers to the setto.

6. Calibrate each persona before and after use with a filter taemrte installed bet' and the calibration devices.

7. Personal lemplai ahall be taken in the "bresthhm acne" of the employee ae. at* tached to or near the collar or lapel near the worker's face).

6. Fiber eounts ahall be made by parities phase cantraat uting a miemeooee wttb an 9 to 10 X eyepiece and a 40 to 49 X objective for a total magntfleauan of approximately 400 X and a numerical apertum of OAS to 0.78. The mtaraeeope shall aiao be fitted with a smen or blue fitter.

o. The mlerooBope ahall be fitted with a Walton Beckett eyepiece gmtlcule calibrat­ed for a field of 100 micromotor* (+/-3 atimomatem).

10. The phace shift detection limit of the aticmaeope *h*11 be about 9 depnew meas­ured nting the HSSpham shift tost slide as outlined below.

a. Piaee the test elide on the mfcmaoope atoue and eantar tt under the phase objec­tive.

b. Bring the blocks of grooved lines into focus

Nom: The aUde eonrists of seven sate of grooved Unas lea. to amoves to such block) In ilminiullng order of visibility from sets l to 7. seven being the least vidua. The re­quirements for asbestos """"""i am that the mtamqe opttm must remove the

use In eat 9 completely, eithoush they amy appear somewhat faint, and that the ti covwl linae m seta 0 end 7 must be m* ikoila fiats 4 end 9 must be at least partial­ly vttibie but amy vary dishtty In risibility between mlmuecupm A mkwnwntie that faQs to mist tnsse requirements has

45

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0C4" 10 '94 13:57

$ 19101)001

too lev or too high • WMIBIIW to to used for asbestos counting.

c. If U" imago deteriorates. ri— and admit the intauecws optics. If the problem persists, consult tbe mkmseope anufac-torn.

11. Bach set of ssmpics tsksn wlU include 10 psneat blanks or o 3 Mints

i The blank rosults stun be ovsngod and sub-, tractod from the analytical results before

reporting, dor —'tirtf repress inert by » blank baring a fiber count in excess of 7 fibers/100 fields shall be rejected.

12. Tbe samples shall be mounted by the acetone/triaceUn method or a method with an equivalent index of refraction and simi­lar clarity.

IS. Observe the following counting rules. s. Count only fibers equal to or longer

than 0 micrometers. Measure the length of curved fibers along the curre-

b. In the absent e of other Information, count all partteiaa as sabcato that have a length-to-width ratio (aspect ratio) of S:1 or

c. Fibers lying entirely withm the bounds-ry of the Walton-Beckett gnticnte field shall nedw a count of 1. Fiber* creating the boundary once, having one end within the circle, shall receive the count of one half (W). bo not count any fiber that cname the graticule boundary more than once. Reject and do not count any other fibers oven though they may be visible out­side the graticule ana.

<L Count bundles of fibers ss one fiber unlea individual fibers can be identified by observing both ends of mn individual fiber.

«. count enough graticule fields to yield 190 fibers. Count s minimum of 20 fields: stop counting at 100 fields regardless of fibor count.

14. Blind recounts shall to conducted at the rate of 10 percent.

QtutiUg Control Prpcwfassr 1- IntralaboretoTy program- Bach labora­

tory and/or each TT with more than one mlcroacuptst counting slides shall estab­lish a statistically defined quality assur­ance program involving blind recounts and coBtfttMom bitmn irifPftiiinrtTtt to BOOI* tor the variability of euuutina by each mi-uoacuplin and beteeen ndcroscoptsts. in a

with more than one laboratory, the program shall include all laboratories and shall also evaluate the laboratory-to-labovatory variability.

2. Intoriaboraitcry program Each labora­tory analysing asbestos —-r'"* for oompll-snce •'n—.tMUM. shall wnpiemmt an in. terlaboratory auallty smiiiaiiin program that as a minttnum meltides partttipatten of at least two other indspeadmit laboratories. Each laboratory shall participate in round raWn at least ones every e months With tt icaat all the other labcratctim to its

T O S T L O U I S P A G E . 0 0 3

29 cm Oh xvn (7-1-99 MNMI) interiabonrtory quality amiuncs group. Bach laberatory shall mbmtt slides typiaal of Its ova work load for use in this program. : The round robin shall be designed and re-tre ̂anaiywto using sppropftate statistical

8. Alt individuals performing asbestos I analytic num has* taken the RlOflH course } for sampling and evaluating airborne ssbea tas dial or an squailvalant courts. ]

4 . When the m of different microecepes \ contributes to diffarenoee between counters and laboratories, the effect of the different .( microscope snail be evaluated and the mi- • crocuupc shall be replaced. ss nsrssiaiy.

9. Currant remits of them quality assur­ance programs shall be peemd in mob labo­ratory to keep the mlcroscoplsts informed. j Airman B to < 1910.1001—OSTSZLB FIQCB-

poas roa Asaaamp Baicruao an Amur-SIS—Ifog-MimarogT

This einieimn ccotatne a detailed proce­dure for mmpWng end analysis and tnctnrtsn them critical etamsnta notified in Appsn> •* dig A. Buipiuyois are not required to use this procedure, but they are teuutoed to um Appendix A. The purpom of Appendix B Is to provide a detailed atep-by-stsp sampling and analysis procedurr that conforms to the elements mocifiod in Appendix A. ttnee this procedure may alee standantim the analysis and reduoe variability. OQHA encourages employers to use this appendix.

Asbestos sampUne end Analysis JMkod Technique: Mlcroooopy, Phage Can-

tragt Anaiyte: FIben fmamni count) Sample Preparation: Acetone/triaeetln

method Calibration: Phaan-shlft detection

limit about 3 dogma Range: 100 to 1300 fibers/mm* filter

area Estimated limit of detection: 7 fibers/

mm* filter ana Sampler Filter <0.8-1.2 um mixed cel­

lulose ester membrane. 2&-mm diam­eter)

flow rate: OA L/min to 2A L/min (23-mm cugsette) 1.0 L/min to 2A L/min fa v.mm riimnttn)

Sample volume: Adjust to obtain 100 to 1300 fibers/mm1

ghipmsst- Routine sample stability: vmwftnfte Blanks: 10% of samples 2) Standard analytical error 0.38.

Applicability: The winking mime is 0.021/ cc (18304. air sample) tn IAS f/co (400-L air sample). The method gives an index of sir-

3 4 1 J . 3 I 1 IV J I L_ W 1 O

§ 1919.1001 fibers but mf be I I I I IWI for

other nitirlib lucb w fibrose due by in­serting suitable parameters into the count* in* rules. The method boaa not differentiate between asbeitoe end other libera. Asbestos flben ten than ca. 0.38 um diameter will not be detected by this method.

Interferences: Any other airborne fiber may mtaxlara since all parttdea meetinc the

j? eounting ertterla are counted. partMea may asnaar fibrous. Hleh levels of

1 nonflhroua duet paxtwee may obecure libera In the field of view and raise the detection limit

Reagents: l. Acetone, a. Triacettn (glycer­ol triacetate), reagent trade

Special pronations: Acetone is an ex­tremely flammable liquid and precautions must be taken not to ignite It. Heating of ac­etone must be done in a ventilated laborato­ry fume hood using a flsmsiem. spark-free heat source.

1. Collection device: 28-mm with 90-tnm electrically conductive i oowi with nollulnco ester filter. OA

to 14 mm pore stae and backup pad. NOTE AnatyM iciimwiilaiivo filters tor

fiber background before use and diarard the filter tot If more than 8 flben/100 fields are found.

3. Personal **T"»f pump, greater than or equal to 04 L/mtn. with flexible eoaneet-Jg| 1 lAtflfOflDOMu BikftM MfitTttL Villi •••"•»

or blue Alter, 0 to I0X eyepleos. and 40 to 4SX pfaaao objective (total magiUflrratton ca 400X; numerical aperture - 046 to 0.T8.

4. SlWee, glass, single-frosted, pra-dcaned. 38x78 mm.

8. Cover slips, 38 x 38 mm. no. ivt unless otherwiae specified by mieraaoope manufao-turer.

5. Knife. No. l surgical steel, curved blade. 7. Tueeaata. 8. Flask. Outh-type, Insulated neck. 380 to

800 mL (with single-holed rubber stopper and elbow-jointed glass tubing. 16 to 33 cm long).

0. Hotplate, spark-free, stirring type; heat* ing mantle; or infrared lamp and magnetic stirrer.

10. Syringe, hypodermic, with 33-gauge

3. Fasten the —T1— to the lapel aa dose as poadbie to the mouth. Remove the top oover from the end of the eowl extension (open faee) and orient faee down. Wrap the Mat between the ex. tender and the monitor's body with shrink tape to prevent air leaks.

3. Submit at least two Hanks (or 10% of the total •tuples, whichever is graamr) for each set of samples Remove the capo from the field Mant ostites and store the cape and lassenea m a eioan area (bag or box) during ths sampling period. Reptaoe the caps m the rasBStl— when templing to com­pleted.

4. Sample at 04 L/min or analat. Do not exoead l mg total dust loading on tits filter. Adjust sampling flow rata, Q (L/min), and time to produce a fiber demtty. S (frbem/ nun1! of 100 to 1300 fibera/m* 046x10* to 5x 10* flbom per 38enm filter with etfoeuve coilsetksn ana (A.-388 mm')] for optimum counting ntwwhm (see step 31 below), cat culate the •»*»»—•» —«~pu~g Mm* (mtzD at the action level (one-half of the currant standard). L (f/ec) of the fibrous

>l

(AcXB) (QXL)10*

9. Remove the field monitor at the end of sampling, replace the plsatilo top oover and smell end cape, and atom the monitor.

6. Ship the In a rigid with sufficient panting, material to pitiful

NOTE DO not use polystyrene foam in the shipping container because of electrostatic farces which may cause fiber lots from the sample filter.

Sample Preparation NOTE The object is to

with s smooth (non-grainy) bacaaiouud m a medium with a refractive index equal to or less than MS. The method below nnllims* the filter far easier focusing and produces permanent mounts which in useful for quality control and tattexlaboeatory < son. Other utouitUng technique the above otterfa may also bo used, eg, the

phase contrast test slide, aenpenuansnt field used In PA CAM 130.

7. thot ths i

11. Oreticule, Walton-Beckett typo with 100 um diameter circular field at the speci­men plane (area » 0.00788 mm *). (Type G-33).

NOTE the graticule is ostwiHiuili for

13. Mark IX.

13. Telescope, ocular pliaw ilna centering. 14. stage micrometer <0.01 mm divisions).

8WBUW 1. Calibrate each peiaonal sampling

with t representative sampler in line.

sups are free of dust and flben. g_ n*M 40 to 00 ml of aeatone into a

Gutb-typa flask. Stoppwr the Hash with a tingle hole rubber stepper through whloh a glass tube 6 to 9 ont into the Dade.

47

uc i» i w ' 3^ i -J : 3d » *

§ 1910.1001

Th« portion of the glass tube that exits the top of the stopper <8 to 10 cm) 1* bent down-wort m an elbow that makaa an angle of 20 to 10 degree* with the horlauuiaL

9. Plaoe the flask in a attiring hotplate or wrap In a heating mantle Beat the acetone gradual)? to its boiling temperature tea. 98 •C).

CAtmon.—The acetone vapor must be A generated in a ventilated fume hood away ¥• from all open flamea and spark source*. Al­

ternate heating mothoda can be used, pro­viding no open flam* or sparks are present.

10. Mount either the whole eample filter or a wedge cut frtm the sample filter on a clean giaaaalide. a Cut wedge* of ca. 29 percent of the

filter ana with a curved-blade ateei surgical knife using a rocking motion to prevent tearing.

b. Mace the Alter or wedge, dust aide up. on the elide. Static electricity will usually keep the filter on tho elide until It la

a. Hold tho glaa alide supporting the filter approximately 1 to 2 cm from the

port where the acetone vapor la r from the heated flask The acetone

vapor stream ahould cauae a oocuiai nation spot on the glass allele ca. 2 to S em in diam­eter. Move the glass slide gently in the vapor stream. The filter ahould dear In 2 to S aae. If tho filter curls, distorts, or is other­wise itialaied "r""' the vapor stream is probably not strong enough. Periodically wipe the outlet port with tissue to prevent liquid see tons dripping onto the filter.

d. Dam* Uia hypodermic syringe with a 77-f«u«* needle, placs l to 2 drops of triaoe-tln on the filter. Gently lower a clean 28-mm square cover slip down onto the filter at a slight angle to reduce the pcetiblllty of forming bubbles. If too many bubble* form or the amount of triaoetln is insufficient, the cover slip may become detached within a few hours.

e. Glue the edges of the cover slip to the glass slide using a laequar or nail polish.

More if clearing la alow, tha tilde prepara­tion may be heated an a hotplate (surface temperature 90 *C> for 18 min to hasten clearing. Counting may proceed Immediate­ly attar clearing and mounting are complet­ed.

Calibration sod Quality Control 11. Calibration of the Walton-Beckett

graticule. The diameter. lUmm). of the cir­cular counting area and the disc diameter moat be specified when ordering the grati­cule.

a. Ibsen any available graticule into the eyepieee and locus ao that the graticule lines an sharp and dear.

b, Set the appropriate lnterpupillary dis­tance and. If applicable, reset the btnoeular

I V 9 1 l _ V U i 9

29 CT* Ch. XVII (7-1-92 UMMI)

heid adjustment ao that the magnification remains constant

c. Install the 40 to 48X pfaaaa objective. d. Place a stage micrometer on the micro­

scope object stage and focus the microscope on the graduated line*.

c. Measure the magnified grid length. Utinm). using the stage micrometer.

f. Remove the graticule from the micro, scope and measure Its anliial grid length. Ulna). This can bast be acoompUabed by using a stage fitted with vetniwa.

g. Calculate the circle diameter. tUnmj, for the Walton-Beckett graticule:

d.- IUO

EXAMVUL—If U - 108 urn. L, B 1M mm andO » 100 urn.thend. * 2.71 mm.

h. Cheek the field diameter. DfaooeptaMe range 100 nun a 2 mm) with a scape mi­crometer upon receipt of the graticule from the manufacturer. Determine field ana (mm*).

12. Microscope adJtartmenU. follow the manufacturer's instructions and also the following:

a. Adjust the light aoume for even mum!-nation acroae the Held of view at the cem-denaer iris.

Rem: Kobler Illumination is preferred, where available.

b. Poena on tha particulate material to be

c. Make sure that the field Ms la in focos. centered on the mmple. and open only enough to fully Illuminate the field of view.

d. Use the telescope oeular supplied by the manufacturer to ensure that the phase rings diaphragm phaaeehift-ing elements) are concentric.

13. Check the nhnee ahift detection limit of the mieraeoope periodically.

a. Remove the HS8/NPL phase Imuran test tilde from its shipping and center It under the phase objective.

b. Bring the blocks of gnawed llnea into focus.

Nora The tilde mnefstt of seven seta of grooves (ca. 20 greovaa to each block) in de­scending orter of visibility from aata 1 to 7. The requirements for ——IVTH an that tha microscope optica moat resolve the grooved lines in set 9 completely, although ttuqr may appear somewhat faint, and that the grooved lines m acta g to 7 must be invisible. Seta 4 and 8 must ha at least visible but may vary slightly in visibility between miurueuupee. A mlcroacope which falls to meet these requirements has either too low

48

opr . « 1 0 ' 9 4 1 3 : 5 9 T O S T L O U I S P A G E . U U b

Soloty md MmMi

or too tuitb a resolution to bo ussd for aebco-i-tiaunUM.

C II the image Quality deteriorates. clean thr microscope optica and. if tho problem persist*- consult the mlcroccope mamifaiv MlT<BHiUty control of fiber counts.

a. Prepare and count fiold blanks along with the field samples. Report tho eoonts on Kiawk. calculate the mean of the field blank counts and subtract this, value from each sample count before renortln* tnr reaulta

Note <: Ttie identity of the blank filters should be unknown to the counter until all counts have been completed.

Non s: U a field blank ytetda fiber counts rrenter than 7 flbers/100 fields, report pos­sible contamlnatton of the samples

b. Perform blind recounts by the seme counter on 10 percent of flltere counted (slides relabeled by a pet eon other than the counter).

13. Use the following test to determine whether a pair of counts on tho same filter sltould M rejected Decease of peelMe bias. This listlsttc estimates the counting repea. lability at the 99% confidence level. Discard the sample if the dlffaranee between the two counts exceeds LTTOPk. where K-average of tho two fiber counts and s.-1-relative standard deviation, which should ba derived by each laboratory band OR historical in-house data.

NOTE It a pair of counts b refected ss a result of this tan. reeouat the remaining samples in the set and teat the new counts seal net the first counts- Discard all rejected paired counts.

18. Enroll each new counter In a training course that compares performance of counters on a variety of samples using this procedure.

Now To ensure good reproducibility, ell laboratories engaged in asbestos counting are required to participate in the Proficien­cy Analytical Testing tPAT) Program and should routinely participate with other as­bestos fiber counting laboratories in the ex­change of field samples to compare per­formance of counters.

Measurement 17. Plaee the elide on the mechanical

stage of the calibrated nderosoope with the

§ 1910.1001 center of the filter under the objective lens. Focus the mieroaeope on tho plana of the filter-

IS. Regularly check nhsie ring su——•«

19. The following ere the counting rules: a. Count only ftban Unmet than 5 um.

Measure tfao length of curved fibers along the curve.

b. Count only fiber* with a lengtb-to-width ratio equal to or greater than hi.

c. For fibers that cross the boundary of the graticule field, do the fooowiar

1. Count any fiber longer tha I um that Lies entirely within Uw graticule arse.

2- Count as Mi fiber any fiber with only one end lying within the graticule area.

3. Do not count any fiber that crews the graticule boundary mm than once.

4. Reject and do not count all ether libera. d. Count bundles of fibers as one fiber

unlem individual fibm can be Identified by observing both ends aA m fiber.

e. Count enough graticule fields to yield 100 fibers. Cbunt a of 20 fields, atop at too fields ragardlw of fiber count.

20. Start counting hum on* and of the filter and progiise along a radial line to the other end. shift either up or down an the filter, and cuiitinue fct tho nvene direction. Select fields randomly by looking away from the ejsptoce briefly while adranetng r>.« hwjiMi*i -*-f- vr fgitrnrnitv covers ca. tfc or mm of the field of view, reject the field and select another. Do not report rejected fields In the number of total fields counted-

Now When counting a field. "-yrrly scan a range of focal pianeo by moving the fine focus knob to detect very fin* fibers which have bcoomo cmhoddert in the filter. The smsU-d is meter fibers will be very faint but era en important contribution to the total count

Calculations 21. Calculate and report fiber density on

the filter. E (fibers/mm*): by dividing the total fiber count, n minus the mean field blank """v B. by the number of fldds n: and the fieM area. A, <4.00999 mm* for a properly calibrated Walton-Beckett grati­cule):

E <F/nr-<B/n»>

fibers/mm'

where: n»-number of fields in blank sample n.» number of fields in **- sample

49

# * T O T A L P A G E . 0 0 6 * *

y ' SKC Guide to NIOSH/OSHA Air Sampling Standards

< Vol CHr) J N_

!>_

TWA Oatllng I TWA OaMifi TWA CaMng ' TWA C1M I AIWNM 18KCO0I

Aluminum, Alkyts ' OSHA IMISA100 I 2 mg/m9 ! 960 2000 8 AAS i FLT 225-8-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 Aluminum ft Compounds (as Al> NIOSH 7013 1 i 360 1000 6 AAS-F ' FLT 225-5 * 31 HLD 225-3 31 Aluminum. Maw 4 Oxide .OSHA IMISA100 i 10 mg/m3 i 960 2000 8 AAS FLT 225-8-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 Aluminum Oxide OSHA IMIS0160 ! 10 mg/m3 960 2000 8 I AAS ! FLT 225-8-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 Aluminum, Pyre Powdere OSHA IMISA100 ! Smgnri* ! 960 2000 8 AAS FLT 225-8-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 Aluminum. Soluble Salts OSHA IMISA100 | 2 mg/m3 960 2000 6 AAS I FLT 225-8-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 Aluminum. Welding Fumes 'OSHA IMISA100 I 5 mg/m3 960 2000 8 AAS I FLT 225-8-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 Amines. Aliphatic NIOSH 2010 | vanes 20 40 8 GC-FID : ST 228-10 7 Amines. Aromatic NIOSH 2002 vanes 20 40 8 GC-FID ST 226-10 7 p-Amino AcetandxJe OSHA IMIS0161 ! 1 NVM p-Ammo Azobanzene OSHA IMISA50B NVM 4-Amtno Biphenyt 1 NIOSH 4(260) 48 200 : 4 GC . FLT 225-16

I ST 226-47 31

7 HLD 225-32 31

4-Ammo Diphenyl 1 OSHA IM1S0162 1 50 1000 i 50min HPLC-UV I IMP 225-38-1 29 IT 225-22 29 2-Amino Ethanol 1 NIOSH 2007 1 10 20 8 GC-FID ST 226-10-04 7 p-Ammo Phenyiaiaenx. Add 1 NIOSH 5022 1 960 2000 8 IC-AAS FLT 225-17-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 bia-2-Amino Prepyl Ether 1 OSHA IMIS0164 NVM J 2-Amino Pyridine NIOSH 4(S156) 0.5 i 12 100 2 GC ST 226-35-02 7 2-Amino Pyridme ! OSHA IMIS0165 0.5 10 20(50) 8(3.3) GC-FID-W ST 226-36 (2) 7 3-Amlno-1-Prepanot 1 OSHA IMISA606 ! NVM t -Amino-2-Prapanoi I OSHA IMISA606 I NVM i 2-Annnuelhanol 1 NIOSH 3509 240 1000 4 rc IMP 225-36-1 29 IT 225-22 29 Armnoethanoi Compounds li I NIOSH 3509 ] 240 1000 4 IC IMP 225-361 29 IT 225-22 29 Amrtroie | OSHA IMISA176 0.2 mg/m9 NVM Ammonia 18 ' 18 2.5 . 75 500 4 5 CLR ST 226-61 7 Ammonia NIOSH 1(205) 50/5mtn| 15 1000 15mm CLR IMP 225-36-1 29 IT 225-22 29 Amrnorha 1 NIOSH 5<S347) 50/Smrnl 30 > 200 8 SPI ELEC ST 226-10-06 7 FLT 225-5 31

HLD 225-2 31 SCN 225-26 34 Ammonia 1 NIOSH 6701 50/5miri! IC BDG/C 540-02 44 Ammonia OSHA ID 186 35 (STEL) i 1.5 : 100 15min IC ST PENDING Ammonium Chloride 1 OSHA ID 166 10 mg/m9* 1 24 1 100 4 IC ST PENDING Ammonium Hydroxide (tee Ammonia) Ammonium Nitrate 1 OSHA IMISA613 NVM Ammonium SuMamate i NIOSH 5<S348) 15 mg/m9 90 ' 1500 1 IC FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Ammonium SuKamate (fkn pa utile Oust) \ OSHA MI80165 5 mg/m3 i

i 912 1900 B GR FLT 225-8-01

F/HLD 225-1 31 33

HLD 225-3 CYC 225-01-02

31 33

Ammonium Sulfamate (Total Dust) I OSHA IMIS0185 10 mg/m9 i 720 i 1500 8 GR FLT 225-6-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 n-s aacAmyt Acetate 1 NIOSH 1450 1 10 : 20(50) 6(3.3) GC-FID ST 226-01 7 n-Amyt Acetate | OSHA 07-A 100 1 10 20(50) 8(3J) GC-FID ST 226-01 7 sec-Amy! Acetate 1 OSHA 07-B 125 i 10 20(50) 8(3.3) GC-FID ST 226-01 7 Amyl Nitrite i OSHA IMISA607 i 8 1 50 2.5 HPLC-UV ST 226-01 7 Aniline 1 NIOSH 2002 1 20 i 40 8 GC-FID ST 226-10 7 Aniline 1 NIOSH 3(S310) 1 20 I 40 8 GC ST 226-10 7 Aniline i OSHA IMIS0220 2 i 20 ; 40 8 GC-FID ST 226-10 7 Anisidine 1 NIOSH 2514 I 240 1000 4 HPLC-UV ST 226-30-05 7 Anwdino (o.p.isomers) ! NIOSH 5(S163) i 240 500 8 HPLC ST 226-30-05 7 AmsxPne (o^.isomers) 1 OSHA IMIS0225 0.5 m^m3

!

240 ' 1000 4 HPLC ST 226-30 7 Anthamhrene 1 NIOSH 1(183) 600 . 2000 5 GC-CLR FLT 225-7 31 FLT 225-1801 31

1 1 HLD 225-3 31 AnthophyiUte Fibers 1 NIOSH 7400 0.1 1/ml 1

1 960 2000 8 PCM

or FUCL 225-3-18 FL/CL 225-3-20

32 32

Anthracene 1 OSHA 58 0.2 I 960 : 2000 8 GR HPLC FLT 225-7 31 HLD 225-2 31 Antimony A Compounds (asSb) 1 NIOSH 2(S2) 1 360 I 1500 4 AA FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Antimony 4 Compounds (as Sb) l OSHA ID 121 0.5 m^m9 1 960 2000 8 ICPAES FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Antimony 4 Compounds (as Sb) 1 OSHA ID 125 0.5 m^m9 1 960 : 2000 8 AAS-W FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Antimony Particulates I NIOSH 4<261) 1 45 i 1500 30mm AA FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Aiilinauplaslir Drugs 1 OSHA IM1SA617 i ' NVM Amu (Alphanaphthyt Thiourea) l NIOSH 5(S276) 1 460 2000 4 HPLC FLT 225-17-01 31 HLD 225-2 31 Antu (Alphanaphttiyl Thnurea) 1 OSHA IMIS0235 0.3 m^m9 1 480 2000 8 HPLC-UV FLT 225-17-01 31 HLD 225-2 31 Aqua Fortie : NIOSH 7903 2 1 48 ! 200 4 IC ST 226-10-03 7 ,

Argon 1 OSHA IMIS0240 NVM Araerac i NIOSH 7300 2 ug/m91 960 ! 2000 8 ICPAES FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Arsenic 1 OSHA ID 105 .01 mg/m3 I 960 2000 6 AAS-GF FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-2 31 Arsenic A Compounds (as As) ! NIOSH 7900 2 ug/nP/IS' 30 : 2000 15 AA. FLARGN! FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Arsenic A Compounds (as As) | OSHA IMIS0260 .01 mym9 i 480 1000 8 AAS-GF, W FLT 225-5 ?

SM TB 225-241 31 34

HLD 225-3 31

Arserxc Organo ! NIOSH 5022 1 96 2000 6 IC-AAS FLT 225-17-On 31 HLD 225-2 31 Arsenic Tnoxtde (as As) i NIOSH 7901 2ug/m9/l5' 30 : 2000 15 AAS-GF FLT 225-5 31 HLD 225-3 31 Arsemcals Particulates 1 NIOSH 6(320) 300 i 1500 3.3 IC-AAS FLT 225-17-01 31 HLD 225-3 31 Amine NIOSH 6001 10 20 8 AA-GF ST 226-01 7 Amine OSHA (MIS0270 0.05 I 30 200 2.5 AAS/GF ST 226-01 7 Aryiam (see Carbaryt) ! i Asbestos ! OSHA ID 160 0.2 fbr/oc j 240 2000 2 PCM FLT 225-3-12 31 Asbestos Fibers i NIOSH 7400 0.1 fbr/cc I 960 I 2000 8 PCM

or FLT 225-3-12 FLT 225-3-20

31 31

Asbestos Fibers 1 NIOSH 7402 0.1 fbr/cc I 960 i 2000 8 TEM FLT 225-3-12 31

52 O COfiytttGHT 1969

OCT' 1 1 *94 7:41 • • T O S T L O U I S P A G E . 0 0 2

VERS April 27,1993 NM Asbestos (all forms) DESC $me, slender, flaxy fibers; resists fire and most solvents. IMIS 0020 CAS 1332-21-4 NIOSH RTECS C16475000 DOT 2212 31; 2590 31 OSliA Cancer & Lung Disease Hazard 29 CFR 1910.1001

. TWA 0.2 F/cc

. STEL 1.0 F/cc

. ACTION LEVEL 0.1 F/cc TLV See Dusts and Appendix Ala (Human carcinogens) REL 0.1 fiber/cc per 400 L air sample; Carcinogen IARC Group 1, carcinogenic to humans NTP Human Carcinogen HLTH Cancer (HE1); Asbestosis (HE 10) SYMPT Dyspnea; interstitial fibrosis; restricted pulmonary functioning;

finger clubbing; (carcinogenic) ORG Lungs SLC1 MEDIA: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns (open face)

25 mm cassette with 50 mm conductive cowl MAX V: 1200 Liters MAX F: 2.5 L/min MIN F: 0.5 L/min (TWA) MINV: 48 Liters MAX F: 2.5 L/min MTN F: 1.6 L/min (STEL) ANL 1: Phase Contrast Microscopy; PCM . REF: 2 (OSHA1D-160) SAE: 0.25 CLASS: Fully Validated NOTE: Do not request multiple analytes. Do not overload, if dust is high, reduce air volume to avoid overloading. A minimum of 2 blanks or 10% are required for every set

WIPE Do not use Whatman or other paper filters. Bulk preferred. DIV I BRANCH MIC