ECBC & Voluntary Green Rating Systems - RachanaSansadrachanasansad.edu.in/dept/Envior/cooling/img/roshni_udyavar_yehuda.pdf · have a checklist of measures aimed at architects, builders,

ECBC & Voluntary Green Rating Systems

Prof. Roshni Udyavar Yehuda

Rachana Sansad’s Institute of Environmental Architecture

TOT Workshop on ‘THOUGHTFUL COOLING’ 9 – 11 January 2015

Rachana Sansad Auditorium Mumbai

1. ECBC – background, overview & compliance

2. Voluntary Green Building Rating Systems

3. Indian context - LEED, GRIHA, Eco-housing & IGBC

4. Comparison of passive and active cooling measures in ECBC Green Building Rating Systems

5. Scaling up and implementation

Contents

ECBC

Background, overview & compliance

Industrial Domestic Agriculture Commercial RailwaysPublic Water

worksPublic

lightingMiscellaneo

us

1960-61 1853 260 15 198 339 35 20

2000-01 18363 11172 9940 4105 1581 1199 551 378

2010-11 34416 19546 16257 11527 2188 1983 846 633

2011-12 36486 21041 21693 11768 2229 2193 1077 157

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Mill

ion

Un

its

Sectors

1960-61

2000-01

2010-11

2011-12

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2012-13, Planning Dept. GoM

19 times 80 times 1,446 times 59 times 6 times 62 times 53 times

Sectors to Target

Electricity Consumption in Sectors over the years, Maharashtra Why ECBC?

Source: MEDA

Sector-wise Consumption in 2009-10 for Maharashtra - MEDA

Commercial Buildigns 100 KVA & above

51.83%

Residential Buildigns 200 KW connected

load 41.20%

Hoardings 2kW and above 0.16%

Water Pumping 5.14%

Street Lighting 0.37%

Govt. Buildings 1.30%

Why ECBC?

• Per capita consumption has increased by 20 times in Commercial sector, Maharashtra in 2011 since 1960

5 10.9 15.1

27.5

42.7

102.9 103.6

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2011-12

Un

its

Years

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2012-13, Planning Dept. GoM and Central Electrical Authority, Power Scenario 2012

Per Capita Consumption of Electricity in Commercial Sector over the years, Maharashtra

Why ECBC?

The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) launched by BEE in 2007 (amended 2010) under the Energy Conservation Act 2001.

The rules relating to Energy Conservation Building Codes can be notified under

clause (a) of section 15 of clause (l) of sub-section (2) of section 56, for buildings with a connected load of 100kW or contract demand of 120 kVA and above and intended

to be used for commercial purposes;

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)

The objective of ECBC is to provide minimum requirements for energy efficient design and design of buildings and their systems

SCOPE OF ECBC

• New buildings with: • Connected load in excess of 100 kW OR

• Contract demand in excess of 120 kVA

• Also applies to Additions & Major Renovations when: • Addition + Existing building area > 1000 m2

• Renovated portions of a 1000 m2 or larger building

• On conflict with safety regulations, safety regulations will precede

ECBC: TYPES OF BUILDING COVERED

• Large Commercial Buildings

• Office Buildings

• Large Amenity Buildings

• IT Parks

• Government Buildings

• Hospitals

• Retail Malls

• Hotels

• Major Residential Buildings

Building Applying For ECBC Compliance

Meet Mandatory Provisions of Sections 4-8

Prescriptive Method

Whole Building Performance

Method Trade-off option

(for ENVELOPE only)

ECBC Compliance

4.2 ENVELOPE

5.2 HVAC

6.2 SERVICE HOT WATER & PUMPING

7.2 LIGHTING

8.2 ELECTRICAL POWER

Ap

plic

able

Bu

ildin

g Sy

ste

ms

Steps to meet ECBC compliance

Compliance Approaches

Provides minimum

performance requirements

Flexibility in meeting or exceeding energy

efficiency requirements (as compared to a

baseline building)

balance of some low performance

components with other higher

performance components

ENVELOPE

• Fenestration

• Opaque Construction

• Building Envelope Sealing

HVAC

• Natural Ventilation

• Minimum Equipment Efficiencies

• Controls

• Piping And Ductwork

• System Balancing

• Condensers

SHW&P

• Solar Water Heating

• Equipment Efficiency

• Supplementary Water Heating System

• Piping Insulation

• Heat Traps

• Swimming Pools

• Compliance Documentation

LIGHTING

• Lighting Control

• Exit Signs

• Exterior Building Grounds Lighting

ELECTRICAL

POWER

• Transformers

• Energy Efficient Motors

• Power Factor Correction

• Check Metering & Monitoring

• Power Distribution Systems

Overview of ECBC Mandatory Requirements

Overview of ECBC Prescriptive Requirements

ENVELOPE

• Roofs

• Opaque Walls

• Vertical Fenestration

• Skylights

• OR TRADE-OFF OPTION

HVAC

• Prescriptive As Per Specs Given OR ASHRAE 90.1-2004

• Economizers

• Variable Flow Hydronic Systems

LIGHTING

• Building Area Method

• OR

• Space Function Method

• Installed Interior Lighting Power

• Exterior Lighting Power

ECBC ENVELOPE - Mandatory Requirements

1. Envelope – U-factor of roof, wall & U-factor & SHGC of fenestration

2. Envelope air leakage specifications

ECBC ENVELOPE - Prescriptive Requirements

1. Roof and opaque walls U-factor

2. Fenestration U-factor SHGC

3. Cool Roofs – initial solar reflectance

4. Minimum visual transmission & Window-wall ratio for daylighting windows and skylights

Solar Heat Gain Efficient

The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration area to the incident solar radiation; A Ratio with value typically ranging from 0.9 to 0.1

Solar Heat Gain Efficient

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient = Directly Transmitted + Absorbed & Re-radiated

DEFAULTS FOR UNRATED VERTICAL FENESTRATION

MAX U-FACTOR & MAX SHGC AS PER CLIMATE & WWR FOR

VERTICAL FENESTRATION

MIN VLT AS PER WWR VERTICAL FENESTRATION

MAX U-FACTOR & MAX SHGC AS PER CLIMATE FOR SKY LIGHTS

MAX U-FACTOR & MIN R-VALUE AS PER CLIMATE & BUILDING TYPE FOR WALLS

MAX U-FACTOR & MIN R-VALUE AS PER CLIMATE & BUILDING TYPE FOR ROOFS

ECBC HVAC - Mandatory Requirements

ECBC HVAC - Prescriptive Requirements

1. Natural ventilation – as per guidelines in NBC

2. Minimum equipment efficiencies

3. Controls – time clock, temperature control & cooling tower and closed circuit fluid

1. Economizers

2. Variable Flow Hydronic systems

• By wind action: – Orientation- 00 - 300 to prevailing wind direction

OR 450 if wind direction E/W

– Inlet position - windward side at low level & outlet opening position – leeward side.

– Inlet size if wind direction constant, 30 -50% total area of openings OR equal area on all sides if variable wind

– Surrounding hedges, shrubs, trees don’t obstruct inlet, not planted within 8m from building

– Sill height 85% of critical ht. for max air movement – For only one wall exposed - 2 windows preferred to

1 – Width of window – 2/3rd of wall width, for identical

windows on opposite walls – Position of windows – diagonally opposite,

windward window near upstream corner – Roof overhangs – promote air motion in working

zone – Horizontal slot between wall & horizontal louver to

prevent wind deflection – Verandah open on 3 sides to increase air motion

for most orientations – Partition perpendicular to main flow at floor level

with 0.3m spacing in leeward side of wide span buildings

– Leeward side building shouldn’t be taller than adjoining windward block…etc.

• By Stack Effect: – Difference in air

temperature between outside and inside air

– If inside warmer, warm air rises through opening at higher level

– Provide ventilators closer to ceiling / roof

NBC 2005 PART 8 – SECTION 1 LIGHTING & VENTILATION –

5.4.3 DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR NATURAL VENTILATION

• 5.7.1.1 Maximum use of wind-induced natural ventilation by: – Adequate no. of fans in hot & dry and warm & humid

– Capacity of fan (55D m3/min) based on room length (D)

– Height of fan blades above floor (3H + W/ 4) (H=ht. of room, W= ht. of work plane)

– Min distance between blades and ceiling 0.3m

– Electronic regulators

– Size based on usable area of room

NBC 2005 PART 8 – SECTION 1 LIGHTING & VENTILATION –

5.7.1 ENERGY CONSERVATION IN VENTILATION SYSTEM

MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILLERS

COP ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input EER ratio of net cooling capacity in BTU/hr to total rate of electric input in watts IPLV part load efficiency for air-conditioning and heat pump based on part-load EER, COP, or KW/ton

POWER CONSUMPTION RATING

FOR UNITARY AC - IS 1391 PART 1

POWER CONSUMPTION RATING

FOR SPLIT AC - IS 1391 PART 2

POWER CONSUMPTION RATING FOR PACKAGED AC - IS 8148

PIPING INSULATION OF HEATING

SYSTEMS

PIPING INSULATION OF COOLING

SYSTEMS

DUCTWORK INSULATION

Voluntary Green Building Rating Systems

What is a rating system? Method of evaluating performance against a set of criteria

Provides Quantification and ranking

Standardization of procedures and norms

Independent evaluation

Design & technical guidelines

Benchmarks & Base Case

A few existing green rating systems BREEAM

LEED

Green Globe

Green Star

Energy Star/ ECBC

Ecotel

Built Green

Earth Advantage

BEAM

GBTool

GRIHA

Eco-housing

Green Building Rating Systems…

Performance or Prescriptive Based

Comprehensive assessment tools

Design checklist

Energy & Environmental Performance

Framework to assess overall design

Standards in Energy Efficiency

Green Building Rating Systems

LEED INDIA/ IGBC 2004

Eco-Housing (municipality) 2005

GRIHA (government) 2006

ECBC (government energy ministry) 2007

ASHRAE 90.1 2004

LEED: Leadership in Energy &

Environmental Design

LEED Energy & Atmosphere

Mandatory Requirements

1. Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems – To verify project’s energy-related systems are installed,

and calibrated to perform according to the owner’s project requirements, basis of design and construction documents.

2. Minimum energy performance – WBP or prescriptive compliance - To establish the minimum level of

energy efficiency

3. Fundamental refrigerant management - To reduce

stratospheric ozone depletion

LEED Energy & Atmosphere

Prescriptive Requirements

1. Enhanced commissioning (2 points) - To begin the

commissioning process early in the design process and execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completed.

2. Optimize energy performance (Up to 19 points) - To

achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the prerequisite standard

3. Measurement and Verification (3 points) - To provide for

the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption

4. On-site Renewable energy (Up to 7 points) - To

encourage and recognize increasing levels of on-site renewable energy

5. Enhanced refrigerant management (2 points) - To

reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol

6. Green power (2 points) - To encourage the development and

use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution

Platinum

Gold

Silver

Certified

LEED: Leadership in Energy &

Environmental Design

The Eco-Housing Assessment Criteria are applicable to all residential building/ building complexes, and single family residences.

The criteria are based on local environmental issues and have a checklist of measures aimed at architects, builders, financial institutions, and homeowners.

To determine the environmental performance of a building, the Eco-Housing assessment criteria are divided into the following seven broad categories, with each individual category describing a set of measures that need to be fulfilled.

Eco-housing: Criteria, Points & Ratings

Site Planning

Environment Architecture

Energy Conservation and Management

Efficient Building Materials

Water Conservation

Solid Waste Management

Other Measures


Site Planning 140

Environment Architecture 80

Energy Conservation & Management 240

Efficient Building Materials 190

Water Conservation 150

Solid Waste Management 120

Other Measures 80

Total number of points 1000

Points can be earned by meeting the performance goals of the criteria. 27 mandatory measures have to be complied with and there is a choice as to the implementation of the voluntary measures.


Ecohousing – Environmental Architecture


1. Design strategies for Thermal Comfort (Upto 45 points)

2. Protection from rains (5 points)

Ecohousing – Environmental Architecture

Non-mandatory Requirements

1. Set up a Design Team (5 points)

2. Daylighting (Upto 15 points)

3. Computer simulation (10 points)

2.2.1. Design Strategies for

Thermal Comfort

(Composite Climate eg. Pune)

• Minimizing solar gain in summer 20 • Building orientation, window area and placement 5

• Shading Devices 5

• Building form and internal zoning 4

• Additional passive solar design systems 3

• Glazing systems 3

• Other systems such as solar chimney,etc.

• Facilitate air movement & ventialation 15 • Orientation 4

• Building Form & Design 4

• Window Placement & Design 3

• Additional Passive Design Systems 4

Mandatory 45 points

Ecohousing – Energy Management


1. Renewable energy for external and common area lighting (Upto 40 points)

2. Renewable energy for electric consumption (Upto 20 points)

3. Renewable energy for water heating (Upto 20 points)

4. Boosters for water heaters (10 points)

5. Hot water plumbing (10 points)

Ecohousing – Energy Management

Non-mandatory Requirements

1. Power Factor (10 points)

3.13. Renewable energy for external

and common area lighting

• Use renewable energy based (solar PV, biomass, wind,

fuel cells) lighting system for minimum of 25% external

lighting (wattage) requirement on site namely

walkways, driveways and landscaped areas or for

common/ circulation areas within a building like

passage, staircases, lifts, corridors, lobbies, rdfuse

areas with the provision of backup system for lighting

in case of any problems in renewable energy based

lighting system

– Between 25 – 40% of lights on renewable energy 20

– Between 41 - 60% of lights on renewable energy 30

– Between 61 - 100% of lights on renewable energy 40

Non-mandatory 40points

3.14. Renewable energy for electric

consumption

• Out of the total electric consumption (both indoor &

outdoor)

– Minimum 3% to be managed using renewable sources 5





3.15. Power Factor

• Power Factor to be more than 0.9

Mandatory 10points

The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power to the apparent power It is a number between 0 to 1 inclusive. Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power will be equal to or greater than the real power. Low power factor loads increase losses in a power distribution system and results in increased cost for electrical energy use.

3.16. Renewable energy for water

heating

• Providing water heating systems using renewable

energy

– Minimum 40% of total water requirement 15

– Between 60 - 75% of total water requirement 20

– Between 76 - 100% of total water requirement 25

– Total water requirement can be considered to be 25 liters per

person per day


3.17. Boosters for water heaters

• Provide water heaters with non-electric booster or

electric boosters with heating COP>3

(COP = Coefficient of Performance)


3.18. Hot water plumbing

• Provide plumbing for hot water to houses with HDPE/

MDPE insulation


Rating system

POINTS ACHEIVED ECO-HOUISNG RATING

500

501 - 600

601 – 700

701 - 800

> 800

Minimum of 500 points to qualify for Eco- Housing rating.


Currently the system has been developed to help ‘design and evaluate’ new buildings (buildings that are still at the inception stages). A building is assessed based on its predicted performance over its entire life cycle – inception through operation

Griha: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat

Assesment

BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE – monitoring of consumption, Occupant health & well-being, issues related to local and global environment

PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE – Inter and Intra-site issues

BUILDING DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION – Resource conservation, reduction in resource demand, resource utilization efficiency, resource recovery & reuse, occupant health and well being – land, water, energy, air & green cover

GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat

Assessment

Sustainable Site Planning

Water Management

Energy Optimization

Sustainable Building Materials

Waste Management

Health and well being

Building Operation and Maintenance

GRIHA: Green Building Rating System

Innovation

GRIHA: Green Building Rating System

Griha – Energy Optimization

Applicable Criteria

1. Optimize building design to reduce conventional energy demand (8 points mandatory)

2. Optimize energy performance of building within specified comfort limits (16 points partly mandatory)

3. Renewable energy utilization (5 points partly mandatory)

4. Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency and use renewable energy (3 points)

Griha – Energy Optimization

Selectively Applicable Criteria

1. Renewable energy based hot water system (3 points)

Points scored Rating

50–60 One star

61-70 Two star

71-80 Three star

81-90 Four star

91-100 Five star

Criteria: 33; Points: 100; Ratings: 5

GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat

Assesment

Comparison of

Passive and Active Cooling Measures

in ECBC Green Building Rating Systems

Sustainable Sites, 26%

Water Efficiency, 10%

Energy and Atmosphere, 35%

Materials and Resources, 14%

Indoor Environmental Quality, 15%

LEED

LEED: Focus on Energy Efficiency

ECO-HOUSING: Focus on Energy Efficiency

GRIHA : Focus on Energy Efficiency

Sustainable Site Planning, 17%

Water Management , 13%

Energy Optimization, 35%

Sustainable Building Materials, 14%

Waste Management, 5%

Health and well being, 14%

Building Operation and Maintenance, 2%

GRIHA

Scaling Up and Implementation

• Estimates based on simulation models indicate ECBC compliant buildings can use 40 – 60% less energy than conventional buildings

• It is projected that a nationwide mandatory enforcement of ECBC will yield annual energy savings to the tune of 1.7 billion kwh

• At the lowest estimate, this implies an annual saving of nearly Rs. 6 billion; with new rates for commercial establishments, this amount would be far higher

Potential of ECBC

• It has been estimated that the implementation of ECBC for commercial

buildings with connected load above 100kW, will lead to energy savings to the tune 65 Million units which can supply electricity to 40,000 rural families for a year without additional installation of power plants, at current rate of commercial growth in cities.

Source: Draft Green Building Policy, RSIEA, Maharashtra ECBC

Notification Issued

Notification in Progress

Implementation Status of ECBC

Notification Issued

Rajasthan, Oddisha, Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand and the Union Territory (UT) of Puducherry have issued notifications for notified ECBC for their states while states like Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and have amended their codes.

Punjab, Gujarat and Kerala have initiated the amendments process of ECBC for their states.

Notification Issued

Notification in Progress

Amendment Initiation

Next for 2012-13

Source: CEPT

Concepts in Efficiency Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Carbon Neutral Design aims to reduce the carbon emissions in the operating life as well as the construction and materials, and additionally the carbon associated with the commercial, institutional or residential use of the building by the occupants. This incorporates the nature of the work or activity that is carried on within a building. Locating the building to reduce transportation costs will factor into this equation, and thereby includes neighborhood and local or regional planning issues

Zero Energy Design (ZED) Reduction of the operating energy requirements for a building, focusing on the eventual use of zero fossil energy. The official ASHRAE definition for a Net Zero Energy building is “buildings which, on an annual basis, use no more energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources.”

Concepts in Efficiency

Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Net Zero Site Energy

Net Zero Source Energy

Net Zero Energy Cost

Net Zero Energy Emission

“The Principles of Sustainable Construction are actually quite

simple . . .

It’s just too bad that common sense is not commonplace!”

- Architect Alejandro Aravena, Chile Holcim Forum 2013

Thank You

Documents

ECBC & Voluntary Green Rating Systems - RachanaSansadrachanasansad.edu.in/dept/Envior/cooling/img/roshni_udyavar_yehuda.pdf · have a checklist of measures aimed at architects, builders,