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Effect of One-Day Training in Digital Storytelling on Teachers’ Anxiety Toward
Computers
TCEA Research SymposiumFebruary 5, 2007
Janice Wilson ButlerJuan Chavez, Jr.Rene Corbeil
University of Texas at Brownsville
Background
• Historical background of research
– Anecdotal credence in Photo Story 3 – Wide-appeal (ages, expertise)– Price is right– Learning curve is right– Usability– Powerful fun factor
• Changing world and technology literacy• Infrastructure in place• But – many computers gathering dust
• Technology in room of teacher has not translated into technology in hands of students
• Technophobia, fear of computers,
inhibits willingness to use
• Age sometimes determines anxiety level
“Natives” and “Immigrants”
• Marc Prenksy coined these terms• Students think and process information differently • “Native speakers” of the digital language • We are “Digital Immigrants” – we retain accent• Big discontinuity • “Digital Native” methodology needed• Will require technology usage – at student level
– http://www.marcprensky.com
Method/Results
• 16 elementary teachers • 100% female• 87.5% Hispanic• Experience: less than 1 year to >20 years• Early childhood – fourth grade• Send us the worst and we will convert them• All expressed anxiety - friendly, scared, hostile
• Pre-assessment administered in morning
• Training for full day
• Post-assessment administered in afternoon
Method/Results cont’d.
Method/Results cont’d.
• Computer Anxiety Rating Scale• Validated in the late 80s by Rosen & Weil• Created to identify technophobics• Yields Total Anxiety and three factors
– Interactive Computer Learning Anxiety– Consumer Technology Anxiety– Observational Computer Learning Anxiety
Method/Results cont’d.
– 20 questions Likert scale rating nervousness– Not at all, a little, a fair amount, much, very much
• Anxiety about computers• Role of computers in society• Computer programming• Computer use• Consumer uses of technology• Problems with computers
• t-test for paired samples• Total score - combined results of all 20 items• Factor score generated for three factors• Ninety-five percent confidence level (p < .05) for
statistical significance• Effect size exceeding one third of a standard
deviation considered educationally meaningful.
Method/Results cont’d.
Method/Results cont’d.
• Total Computer Anxiety was statistically significantly lower after completing the one-day training in digital storytelling – (p = .030).
• The obtained effect size was almost three-quarters of one standard deviation (d = 0.72), inferring that the difference favoring Total Computer Anxiety after one-day training in digital storytelling was also educationally meaningful.
Method/Results cont’d.
• Interactive Computer Learning Anxiety was not statistically significantly lower after completing the one-day training in digital storytelling – (p = .053).
• However, the obtained effect size (d = 0.68), infers that the difference favoring Interactive Computer Learning Anxiety after one-day training in digital storytelling was educationally meaningful.
Method/Results cont’d.
• Consumer Technology Anxiety was statistically significantly lower after completing the one-day training in digital storytelling – (p = .014).
• The obtained effect size was slightly more than one standard deviation (d = 0.52), inferring that the difference favoring Consumer Technology Anxiety after one-day training in digital storytelling was also educationally meaningful.
Method/Results cont’d.
• Observational Computer Learning Anxiety was not statistically significantly lower after completing the one-day training in digital storytelling –
(p = .111).
• However, the obtained effect size was greater than one-third of one standard deviation (d = 0.41), infers that the difference favoring Observational Computer Learning Anxiety after one-day training in digital storytelling was educationally meaningful.
Limitations
• No control group• Small sample size• Short duration of training• Lack of longitudinal perspective• Self-reporting errors• “Half-life” of instrument
Summary
• Using digital storytelling for training teachers may decrease anxiety
• Decreasing anxiety may increase willingness to use
• More studies needed