Efremov Research Institute Russia, St. Petersburg, http:// , E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], FAX: (812) 464-4882,

Efremov Efremov ResearchResearchInstituteInstitute

Russia, St. Petersburg, http:// www.niiefa.spb.su, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], Russia, St. Petersburg, http:// www.niiefa.spb.su, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], FAX: (812) 464-4882, Phone: (812) 462-77-82FAX: (812) 464-4882, Phone: (812) 462-77-82

Electromagnetic Analysis of the ITER Electromagnetic Analysis of the ITER FacilityFacility

• Vacuum Vessel & Blanket Modules.Vacuum Vessel & Blanket Modules.

• Shielding Structure of Vacuum Vessel.Shielding Structure of Vacuum Vessel.

• Thermal Shield of Vacuum Vessel.Thermal Shield of Vacuum Vessel.

• Divertor Components.Divertor Components.

• Conducting Case of the Toroidal Field Coils.Conducting Case of the Toroidal Field Coils.

• Poloidal and Toroidal Field Coils.Poloidal and Toroidal Field Coils.

• Correction Coils.Correction Coils.

• Neutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction System.Neutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction System.

Appl. Math. Dept. of STC “SINTEZ”, Efremov Research Institute, St. Petersburg, RF

Vacuum Vessel and Blanket ModulesVacuum Vessel and Blanket Modules• The 3D shell model development.The 3D shell model development.

• Estimation of electromagnetic loads acting on the Vacuum Vessel and Blanket modules during some Estimation of electromagnetic loads acting on the Vacuum Vessel and Blanket modules during some operational conditions: 1) Central Disruptions, 2) fast and slow Vertical Displacement Events with Halo operational conditions: 1) Central Disruptions, 2) fast and slow Vertical Displacement Events with Halo currents, 3) Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge using the currents, 3) Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge using the TYPHOON TYPHOON code. code.

• EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent dynamic structural analysis.EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent dynamic structural analysis.

• Estimation of magnetic field penetration time and one turn toroidal and poloidal resistivities of Vacuum Vessel.Estimation of magnetic field penetration time and one turn toroidal and poloidal resistivities of Vacuum Vessel.


The figure illustrates surface eddy current density distribution over Vacuum Vessel segment 1/18 part. The profile lines indicate surface current density.

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 4 0 0T im e, m s

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

R a d ia l F o rce

T o ta l F o rce , M N

T o ro id a l F o rce

V ertica l F o rce

The figure shows time variation of total forces acting on the Vacuum Vessel during plasma Central Disruption 27ms.

Blanket modulesBlanket modules

• The 3D shell model development.The 3D shell model development.• The transient electromagnetic analysis of Blanket The transient electromagnetic analysis of Blanket

modules under different loading conditions: modules under different loading conditions: 1) Central 1) Central Disruptions (CD), 2) fast and slow Vertical Disruptions (CD), 2) fast and slow Vertical Displacement Events (VDE) with Halo currents, 3) Displacement Events (VDE) with Halo currents, 3) Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge (TFCFD). Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge (TFCFD).

• Time behaviors of the total radial, toroidal and Time behaviors of the total radial, toroidal and poloidal torque moments acting on the all (17 items) poloidal torque moments acting on the all (17 items) modules. modules.

• Determination of the most loaded construction Determination of the most loaded construction elements. elements.

• Transfer local EM loads to nodal forces for Transfer local EM loads to nodal forces for subsequent dynamic structure analysis.subsequent dynamic structure analysis.

• Taking into consideration different options of Taking into consideration different options of electrical connections between Blanket modules and electrical connections between Blanket modules and Vacuum Vessel.Vacuum Vessel.


TYPHOON codeTYPHOON code

Distribution of surface force density normal component over Blanket modules.

Vacuum Vessel Shielding BlocksVacuum Vessel Shielding Blocks• The 3D shell model development.The 3D shell model development.

• Calculation of the EM loads: eddy current, forces, torque moments acting on VV Shielding Calculation of the EM loads: eddy current, forces, torque moments acting on VV Shielding Blocks under different loading conditions: Central Disruption, fast upward and downward VDE.Blocks under different loading conditions: Central Disruption, fast upward and downward VDE.

• Estimation of the ponderomotive forces associated with magnetization of the ferromagnetic Estimation of the ponderomotive forces associated with magnetization of the ferromagnetic shielding blocksshielding blocks

• Consideration of real ferromagnetic properties of material.Consideration of real ferromagnetic properties of material.

• Estimation of the ferromagnetic blocks influence on the toroidal field ripple and error field.Estimation of the ferromagnetic blocks influence on the toroidal field ripple and error field.

3D shell model of Vacuum Vessel and Outer Shielding block..



Outer shielding block. Distribution of eddy current (step of flux lines is

200A).

Vacuum Vessel Thermal ShieldVacuum Vessel Thermal Shield

• The 3D shell model of Thermal Shield. The 3D shell model of Thermal Shield.

• Estimations of EM loads from Halo and Estimations of EM loads from Halo and eddy currents acting on the Thermal eddy currents acting on the Thermal Shield for various plasma disruption Shield for various plasma disruption regimes: CD27ms, CD54ms, fast upward regimes: CD27ms, CD54ms, fast upward and downward VDE, slow upward, and downward VDE, slow upward, downward VDE with Halo current and downward VDE with Halo current and Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge (TFCFD).(TFCFD).

• Determination of the most dangerous time Determination of the most dangerous time moment during plasma regimes.moment during plasma regimes.

• Identification of extreme values of EM Identification of extreme values of EM loads and their location.loads and their location.

• Transfer EM loads to nodal forces for Transfer EM loads to nodal forces for subsequent static structural analysis.subsequent static structural analysis.TYPHOON codeTYPHOON code


The eddy current distribution over the Vacuum Vessel Thermal Shield is presented in this figure.

The estimation of EM-loads on the Divertor The estimation of EM-loads on the Divertor CassetteCassette

• The 3D shell model.The 3D shell model.

• The calculation of electromagnetic loads acting on The calculation of electromagnetic loads acting on the Divertor Cassette under fast and slow the Divertor Cassette under fast and slow downward VDEs with Halo Current.downward VDEs with Halo Current.

• Taking into account static magnetic fields from Taking into account static magnetic fields from Toroidal and Poloidal Field Coils.Toroidal and Poloidal Field Coils.

• Estimation and drawing of total forces and Estimation and drawing of total forces and moments time histories for different elements moments time histories for different elements of Divertor Cassette: Cassette Body, Inner of Divertor Cassette: Cassette Body, Inner and Outer Vertical Targets, Dome and and Outer Vertical Targets, Dome and Liners.Liners.

• Determination of the most dangerous time Determination of the most dangerous time moment during plasma regimes.moment during plasma regimes.

• Identification of extreme values of EM loads Identification of extreme values of EM loads and their location.and their location.

• Carrying out of the EM loads transfer to nodal Carrying out of the EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent structure analysis.forces for subsequent structure analysis.

• Consideration of different electrical properties of Consideration of different electrical properties of

material.material.


TYPHOON TYPHOON codecode

The profile lines of eddy current are shown in this figure. The various colors indicate the surface current density.

EM Analysis of Divertor Components.EM Analysis of Divertor Components.• The 3D shell model of Divertor Components: Inner and Outer Vertical Targets, Dome and Liners.The 3D shell model of Divertor Components: Inner and Outer Vertical Targets, Dome and Liners.

• EM analysis of Divertor Components for fast and slow downward VDE with.EM analysis of Divertor Components for fast and slow downward VDE with.

• Taking into account the EM loads from eddy and Halo currents.Taking into account the EM loads from eddy and Halo currents.

• Consideration of static magnetic fields from TF and PF coils.Consideration of static magnetic fields from TF and PF coils.

• Time behaviors of total forces and moments acting on each Divertor component estimation and drawing.Time behaviors of total forces and moments acting on each Divertor component estimation and drawing.

• Determination of the most dangerous time moments when EM loads achieve their peaks. Determination of the most dangerous time moments when EM loads achieve their peaks.

• Searching of the most loaded elements of construction.Searching of the most loaded elements of construction.

• Performance ofPerformance of EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent structure analysis.EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent structure analysis.


Distribution of the surface force density over Inner Vertical Target.


Distribution of surface current density over Outer Vertical Target.

Distribution of the surface force density over Dome and Liners.

Calculational Model of Toroidal Field Calculational Model of Toroidal Field Coils Case. Coils Case.

3D thin conducting shell model3D thin conducting shell model.



Toroidal Field Coil CaseToroidal Field Coil Case• The 3D shell model development.The 3D shell model development.

• Numerical simulation of eddy current behavior and a calculation of the heat deposition observed in the Numerical simulation of eddy current behavior and a calculation of the heat deposition observed in the magnet cold structures.magnet cold structures.

• Transient EM analysis of AC losses in Toroidal Field Coil (TFC) case under different loading Transient EM analysis of AC losses in Toroidal Field Coil (TFC) case under different loading conditions: fast and slow VDEs, poloidal coil fast discharges and the plasma reference scenario (0-conditions: fast and slow VDEs, poloidal coil fast discharges and the plasma reference scenario (0-1800sec).1800sec).

• Time evolution of total energy dissipated in TFC case calculation and drawing.Time evolution of total energy dissipated in TFC case calculation and drawing.

• Determination of the TFC case parts, where AC loss density is the highest.Determination of the TFC case parts, where AC loss density is the highest.



Distribution of AC loss surface density.

0 3 0 0 6 0 0 9 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 8 0 0T im e (s)

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

E n erg y (k J )

Evolution of total energy dissipated in TFC case during plasma reference scenario (0-1800sec).

Calculational model of Poloidal and Toroidal Calculational model of Poloidal and Toroidal Field Coils and PlasmaField Coils and Plasma

• The 3D solid model development.The 3D solid model development.

• Calculations of the magnetic fields Calculations of the magnetic fields and forces for normal and abnormal and forces for normal and abnormal conditions. conditions.

• Safety analysis.Safety analysis.• Calculation of three harmonic modes. Calculation of three harmonic modes.

Preliminary estimation of expected Preliminary estimation of expected spectrum of Error Field due to coils spectrum of Error Field due to coils deviations and misalignments. deviations and misalignments.

• The statistical analysis of total Error The statistical analysis of total Error Field for 246 degrees of freedom of Field for 246 degrees of freedom of poloidal and toroidal magnet system poloidal and toroidal magnet system on the basis of Monte-Carlo method.on the basis of Monte-Carlo method.

• Calculation of correction coils Calculation of correction coils currents required to suppress error currents required to suppress error fields below the specified limit. fields below the specified limit.


KLONDIKE codeKLONDIKE code

The 3D solid model of Plasma, Poloidal and Toroidal Field Coils.

Toroidal Field Ripple.Toroidal Field Ripple.• The ripple loss of fast alpha The ripple loss of fast alpha

particles in configurations with particles in configurations with negative central shear in negative central shear in TOKAMAK without ferromagnetic TOKAMAK without ferromagnetic inserts is large.inserts is large.

• Ferromagnetic inserts are going to Ferromagnetic inserts are going to be used in ITER to reduce the be used in ITER to reduce the value of Toroidal Field (TF) ripple.value of Toroidal Field (TF) ripple.

• The 3D solid model of Poloidal and The 3D solid model of Poloidal and Toroidal Field coils and Toroidal Field coils and ferromagnetic inserts.ferromagnetic inserts.

• Estimation of ferromagnetic inserts Estimation of ferromagnetic inserts influence on TF ripple.influence on TF ripple.

• Taking into account real unlinear Taking into account real unlinear properties of ferromagnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials.materials.

• Estimation of residual magnetic Estimation of residual magnetic fieldsfields

• Optimization of ferromagnetic Optimization of ferromagnetic inserts.inserts.

4 . 0 4 . 5 5 . 0 5 . 5 6 . 0 6 . 5 7 . 0 7 . 5 8 . 0 8 . 5

R ( m )

4 . 0 4 . 5 5 . 0 5 . 5 6 . 0 6 . 5 7 . 0 7 . 5 8 . 0 8 . 5

- 3 . 5

- 3 . 0

- 2 . 5

- 2 . 0

- 1 . 5

- 1 . 0

- 0 . 5

0 . 0

0 . 5

1 . 0

1 . 5

2 . 0

2 . 5

3 . 0

3 . 5

4 . 0

4 . 5

5 . 0

Z ( m )

- 3 . 5

- 3 . 0

- 2 . 5

- 2 . 0

- 1 . 5

- 1 . 0

- 0 . 5

0 . 0

0 . 5

1 . 0

1 . 5

2 . 0

2 . 5

3 . 0

3 . 5

4 . 0

4 . 5

5 . 0

1

1

2

TF ripple (%) with ferromagnetic inserts with different filling factor

for regions.

Ferromagnetic insert and TF coil. 1/36 of facility.



Correction Coils (CC).Correction Coils (CC).• Estimation of CC capability to reduce error fields.Estimation of CC capability to reduce error fields.• Estimation of CC capability to stabilize the Resistive Wall Mode (RWM). The RWM are know to grow on time scale characteristic of the magnetic field Estimation of CC capability to stabilize the Resistive Wall Mode (RWM). The RWM are know to grow on time scale characteristic of the magnetic field

penetration through a conducting wall. So the screening effect of the Vacuum Vessel (VV) should be taking into account for oscillating current in CC.penetration through a conducting wall. So the screening effect of the Vacuum Vessel (VV) should be taking into account for oscillating current in CC.• The 3D shell model of VV development.The 3D shell model of VV development.• Calculation of steady amplitudes of normal and tangential (to VV surface) components of magnetic field for different CC current frequencies.Calculation of steady amplitudes of normal and tangential (to VV surface) components of magnetic field for different CC current frequencies.• Estimation of characteristic time constant for transient process.Estimation of characteristic time constant for transient process.• Determination of CC inductance.Determination of CC inductance.

Calculation model. 1/4 part of facility.Top view.


TYPHOON code

Distribution of eddy current over Vacuum Vessel shells generated by CC current.

Neutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction SystemNeutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction System

• The stray magnetic field from The stray magnetic field from the TOKAMAK magnet the TOKAMAK magnet system inside Neutral Beam system inside Neutral Beam Injectors during the injector Injectors during the injector operation should be very low operation should be very low to avoid deflection of the ion to avoid deflection of the ion beam.beam.

• Development of 3D solid Development of 3D solid unlinear models for reduction unlinear models for reduction of the magnetic field to the of the magnetic field to the acceptable level.acceptable level.

• Optimization of active coils Optimization of active coils and passive ferromagnetic and passive ferromagnetic shield.shield.

• 3D magnetic analysis of Error 3D magnetic analysis of Error Field due to Neutral Beam Field due to Neutral Beam Injector Magnetic Field Injector Magnetic Field Reduction System (MFRS). Reduction System (MFRS).


Neutral Beam InjectorDiagnostic Neutral Beam Injector


IntroductionIntroduction

• For the Electromagnetic analysis estimation For the Electromagnetic analysis estimation the two codes have been used:the two codes have been used:

1.1. The The TYPHOON codeTYPHOON code is designed for an advanced 3D is designed for an advanced 3D simulation of transient electromagnetic processes using simulation of transient electromagnetic processes using

thin conducting shell.thin conducting shell. 2.2. The The KLONDIKE codeKLONDIKE code is intended for a 3D field is intended for a 3D field

simulation for current and permanent magnet systems.simulation for current and permanent magnet systems.


KLONDIKEKLONDIKE• Numerical Simulation of 3D Fields for Current and Permanent Magnet Systems

• The KLONDIKEKLONDIKE package is intended for a 3D field simulation for current and permanent magnet systems. The package is based on FORTRAN and C++ and is available as the object module library on PCs and more powerful computers. An effective

numerical algorithms uses analytical solution of surface integrals, that provide prompt and mathematically exact definition for magnetic field strength vector H at any point of observation. KLONDIKEKLONDIKE is easy to use and requires no preliminary skills to apply. In fact, users need only to input coordinates, current density and magnetization vector for model polyhedron elements.

• KLONDIKEKLONDIKE includes five groups of modules:

• – module defining and displaying the geometry of a currents system (an advanced coil editor implements Graphical User Interface);

• – main module calculating the field produced by a set of standard elements;

• – modules calculating surface integrals and the magnetic field strength vector for a current inside an arbitrary volume bounded with planar faces;

• – modules calculating the magnetic field strength vector for ring conductors of arbitrary cross-section;

• – subroutine library of standard elements with on-the-fly updating for main types of magnet systems.

• The package contains the modules for calculations of ponderomotive loads on different elements of a magnetic system (including ferromagnetic ). KOMPOT-M is compatible with thermo-hydraulic and structural analysis codes.

APPLICATIONS: VERIFICATION:

– Current Magnets Systems– Permanent magnet system– MRI Systems– Electromagnetic Shielding– Fusion Magnetic Systems– Particle Accelerators– Mass separation– ECR sources– Various magnetic calculations

KLONDIKE was verified:– with a set of analytical results;– during International ThermonuclearExperimental Reactor (ITER)Engineering Design Activity(EDA) in comparison with the results of other packages

KLONDIKE was succesfully applied to the electromagnetic shielding design of an MRI tomograph (the Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, St.-Petersburg, Russia); magnetic field reconstruction of PHENIX Detector (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA); design hexapole of an ECR-source (the Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, St.-Petersburg, Russia); design of Poloidal and Toroidal Fields Systems for the ITER Project (International Test Engineering Reactor).

TYPHOONTYPHOON

• DESCRIPTION

• The TYPHOONTYPHOON code is designed for an advanced 3D simulation of transient electromagnetic processes using thin conducting shell. The code allows users to take into account the symmetry of the construction and to reduce significantly the problem dimension. TYPHOONTYPHOON consists of integrated shell, mesh generator, geometry analyzer (preprocessor), system generator, system solver, postprocessor and result viewer.

• FEATURES

• Very fast and effective system generator based on specific analytical results and suitable integrating method

Modelling with a set of arbitrary connected thin conducting shells located in a 3D space Compatibility with:

• – VINCENTA, COND codes for thermo-hydraulic calculations of superconducting systems,

• – ANSYS, FEA, COSMOS/M codes for mechanical calculations,

• – KOMPOT code for 3D non-linear magnetostatic field calculations.

• High performance of the code was proved with the standard test problems presented at Test Elecromagnetic Analysis Method (TEAM) Workshops. TYPHOONTYPHOON was intensively verified during the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Engineering Design Activity. It was applied to the design of the ITER facility, the TEXTOR tokamak (in KFA/IPP, Julich, Germany), and the MRI tomograph (in Efremov Inst., St.Petersburg, Russia)

Documents

Efremov Research Institute Russia, St. Petersburg, http:// , E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], FAX: (812) 464-4882,