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Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University ......C*YLY Gg@ CI

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Global History (gshare) ß

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Prediction

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Branch Target Buffer

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When a branch is fetched

BTB hit?

No

Yesè

Predict using the default predictor

Counter atmax value?

Yesè

No

Predict using thedirection bit

Predict using the default predictor

Allocate a new BTB entryé

No

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No

*

When a branch is resolved

newBTB entry? == direction bit?

Set direction bit to the branchoutcome

increment counter if not alreadyat its max value

Toggle direction bitêSet counter to 0

Counters can be initialized to any value between 0 and maxDifferent counter initialization schemes are studied

Set direction bit to taken

Brn outcome

*Initialize Counter

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Page 101: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University ......C*YLY Gg@ CI

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z[J A F =->dN B,B�P > K4B =Q D A � Z�= �CB =%>,s;> B�RF > H D�UCD A N�> K;R Q P > A J$M H FID�F��CB�P A D�K4B => H VWF =>e4UF > A ��K N�Q�> B = D$K� H QºZ D H D$PU > F�J A >,Q J ¯G> D H � N K-�«ewB,D$K�F!D Q J�RK;F�J�M�F =>�®�> H F A R4B�F�� ¯G>�K;F > A M > A > K[B > V A >1® R[B��K N F => K�R Q P > A J�M Q � H @A >1® �CB�F��J�K H P�T ~ × Ù F�J ~�5 Ù M3J A F =>N H = D A > @A >1® �CB'F�J A Yhz[J A F =>�N H = D A > °E@4H = D A >L= T�P A � ® P A D�K4B = @A >1® �CB�F�J A VwF => K�R Q P > AJ�M Q � H @A >1® �CB�F��J�K H Z D H�A >1® R4B >1® P;T�X ~ Ù F�J�X !1Ù Y� <�= � H ® � H�H > A FaD�F���J�K H = J Z�>;® F = D�F\F => B�R A�A > K;F ��<���] P4D H >1® P A D�K4B = @A >;® �CB�F��J�K H B =->,Q�> HD A > KJ�F > � > B�F�� ¯G> �K @A >;® �CB�F��K N F => FaD A N�> F H J�M��K ® � A > B�F�� R Q @4H Y <�=> H > H B =->,Q�> H= D ¯G> Df� 5 Ù�Q � H @A >;® �CB�F��J�K A D�F > M3J A F =-> �K ® � A > B�F�� R Q @4H �K_F => � "�� � ! 6 ��K�F >,N�> AP > K4B =-Q D A � H Y < JgD ®8® A > H�H F = � Hh@A J�PU >,Q V*F = � H ® � H�H > A FaD�F��J�K @-A J @ J H > H F => FID A N�> FB,D�B => Y <�=-> FaD A N�> FhB,D�B =-> R H > H F =-> B'J�K4B > @ F H >,Q P4J ® � >1® ��K_F => F Z J ] U >�¯G> U*P A D�K[B =@A >1® �CB�F�J A Y � T�R H �K N P A D�K4B =h= � H F�J A T�F�J ® � H F���K N R-� H =® ��� > A > K�F ® T�K4D Q �CB�J;B,B�R A�A > K[B > HJ�M`�K ® � A > B'F�P A D�K[B => H V�F => FaD A N�> FhB,D�B =->�Z D H D$PU > F�J A >1® R4B > F => F�J�FaD�U >,s;> B�R-F��J�KF�� Q�> J$M @ > A U\D�K ®LN B,B#P;T ³ � Ù D$K ® 6 Ù Y� <�= � H ® � H�H > A FaD�F���J�K7D�U H J @A J @ J H >;® D Q�> F = J ® M3J A B'J Q P�K��K N H�@ > B�R-UCD�F�� ¯G> D$K ® @-A >1® � ]B,D�F >1®y>,s;> B�R-F��J�KLF�J�� Q @A J ¯G> @ > A M3J A Q D�K4B > Y � @ > B�R-UCD�F�� ¯G>O>,s;> B�RF��J�K > U� Q �K4D$F > H F =>P A D$K4B =L>,s;> B�R-F��J�K @ > K4D$UF TdM3J A P A D�K4B => H F = D�F`D A > @-A >1® �^B�F >;® B�J A�A > B'F�UT¬Y " A >1® �CB,D$F >1®>,s�> B�RF���J�KiB,D$K > U� Q �K4D$F > D�P A D�K4B = � H >,s;> B�R-F��J�K @ > K4D$UF T A >,N D A ® U > H�H J�M�F => @A J;B > H ]H J A � H D$P�U��F TgF�J @-A >1® �^B�Fh�FLB�J A�A > B�F�U�TGY J Z�>�¯G> A V��Fh�K4B'R AIH D H Q D$UU @ > A M3J A Q D�K[B >J ¯G> A => D ® D�K ® � H KJ�F�D @@ U�CBED�PU > F�JfD$UU�P A D�K4B => H Y < J7D�B = � >�¯G> DyP > F�F > A B�J Q P��K4D ]F��J�K%J�M!F => H > F Z J Q�> B = D$K� H Q H V;F = � H#H F�R ® T%R H >1® @A >1® �CBED�F >;®f>,s�> B�RF���J�KiF�J = D�K ® U >F =>h= D A ®�] F�J ] @A >1® �CB'F�P A D�K[B => H D$K ® H @ > B�RUCD$F�� ¯G>�>,s�> B�RF���J�K%F�J = D�K ® U > F => A >,Q D$�K ]�K N P A D�K4B => H Y " A J�e4U��K N�Z D H R H >1® F�J ®�> F > A Q �K > F =->�= D A ®;] F�J ] @A >1® �CB�FvP A D$K4B => H M3J A> D�B = P > K4B =Q D A � Y <�=> @ > A M3J A Q D�K4B > P > K > e4F#J$M�F = � H D @@-A JGD�B =)Z D H Q�> D H R A >;® M3J AD Z � ®�>,] � H�H R >�® T;K4D Q �^B,D�U�UT H B =>;® RU >;® @A J;B > H�H J A Y � T�R H �K N�� � ��] P4D H >1® @A >1® �CBED�F���J�KF�J > U� Q �K4D$F > J�K-UThF => P A D$K4B => H M A J Q F => @A J�e4U >,]3N�> K > A D�F >1® H > F�J$M = D A ®�] F�J ] @A >;® �CB�FP A D$K4B =-> H V;D ®a® �F��J�K[D�U @ > A M3J A Q D$K4B > � Q @A J ¯G>,Qh> K;F H J�M�X ~ Ù D$K ® X × Ù»Z�> A > J�PFID$�K >;®M3J A B�J Q @A > H�H D�K ®d> � K�F�J�F�FEY " A J$e4U��K NOZ D H > � > B�F�� ¯G> �KhUJ;B,D$F��K N F =>v= D A ®�] F�J ] @A >;® �CB�FP A D$K4B =-> H M3J A P�J�F = F => H > P > K[B =Q D A � H D�K ® @A >;® �CB,D$F >1®L>,s;> B�RF��J�K Z D H > � > B�F�� ¯G> �K> U� Q �K4D$F���K N F = J H > P A D�K4B => H Y " A >;® �CB,D$F >1®)>,s�> B�RF���J�K @-A J ¯ � ®�>1® J�KUT¼D H Q D$UU @ > A ]M3J A Q D�K4B > P > K > e4F�M3J A N B,B � X�Y 6 Ù�� Y J Z�>�¯G> A F = � H�A > H RUF Z D H B�J�K H � ®�> A >1® @A J Q � H �K NP > B,D�R H > F => U� Q �FaD�F��J�K H J�MOF = � H�H F�R ® T_M3J A B >1® R H F�J)B'J�K H � ®�> A J�KUT�D ¯G> A T H Q D�U�UH RP H > F�J�M N B,B�� H = D A ®�] F�J ] @A >1® �^B�F�P A D$K4B =-> H M3J A > U� Q �K[D�F���J�KWY <�=> @A >;® �CB,D$F >1®«¯G> AIH ��J�KM3J AvH B H = J Z�>1® U�F�F�U > � Q @-A J ¯G>,Qh> K;F��K @ > A M3J A Q D$K4B > Y ��> B,D�R H > @A J$e4U��K N�Z D H K-J�F > M ]M > B�F�� ¯G> ��K�e4K ® ��K N F =>O= D A ®�] F�J ] @A >1® �CB'F�P A D�K4B => H M3J A#H B�V @-A >1® �^B,D�F >1®�>,s;> B�RF��J�K Z D HKJ�FvD$PU > @A J ¯ � ®;>�Q R4B = @ > A M3J A Q D�K4B > P > K > e4FEY

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D$F�F >,Q @ FOF�J >Es @ U�J���F�F =>N® ��� > A > K;F H F A > K N F = H J�M ® ��� > A > K�F @A >1® �^B�F�J AIH Y)zJ A F = � H D�F�F >,Q @ FF�J A > H R-UF��K H � N K-�«ewB,D$K�Fh�K[B A > D H > H ��K @A >1® �^B�F���J�KgD�B,B�R A D�B�TGV�F =>L= T�P A � ® @A >1® �CB'F�J A Q R H FB'J Q P�K > D$KLD @-@A J @A �^D�F > H > F�J$M H �K N U >,] H B =>,Q�> @A >;® �CB�F�J AaH D�K ® R H > D$K > � > B�F�� ¯G> @A >1® �CB�F�J AH > U > B�F���J�K Q�> B = D$K� H Q Y � K ®�> F > A Q ��K�K N F => P > H F H �K N U >,] H B =>,Q�> @A >1® �CB'F�J A B'J Q P�K4D$F���J�K H VF = � H`H F�R ® T)D H�H R Q�>;® D H FaD�F��^B Q J ®�> U\J�M!P A D$K4B = H > U > B�F���J�KWY ��> B,D$R H > J$M�F = � H D H�H R Q @ F��J�KWVF = � H�H F�R ® T ® � ® K-J�F�M3RU�UT >,s @ UJ��F�F =-> B,D @ D�P��U�F�� > H J$M\F =>#= T;P A � ® @A >;® �CB�F�J A Y�zR A F => A Z J A �K >,>1® H F�J�P >�® J�K > F�J ®�> F > A Q ��K > ��MF => H > B'J�K�e N R A D$F���J�K H D A > J @ F�� Q D$U�M3J A ® T;K4D Q �CB H > U > B'F��J�KQ�> B = D�K� H Q H D H Z�> UU¾YzJ A D N � ¯G> K = D A ®�Z D A > B�J H F,VF =->#= T;P A � ® @A >1® �CB�F�J A B'J�K�e N R A D$F���J�K H @ > B��«e > H F => B�U^D H�H > HJ$M#F => H ��K N U >,] H B =->,Q�> @A >1® �CB�F�J AIH R H >1® D�K ® F =-> D Q J�R-K�F�J�M = D A ®�Z D A >Ä®;>�¯ J�F >1® F�J > D�B =H B =->,Q�> Y <�= � H`H F�R ® T%B�J�K H � ®�> A >1® J�KUT�M3J�R A F T @ > H J�M H ��K N U >,] H B =>,Q�> @-A >1® �^B�F�J AIH � @A J�e4U >,]N R� ®;>1® @A >1® �^B�F�J A V$X�P � V "Æ� H V�D$K ®�N H = D A > Y � K�D ®8® ��F���J�KWV,M3J A > D�B = @-A >1® �^B�F�J A F T @ > V�D�U� Q �F >1®A D�K N�> J$M @A >1® �^B�F�J AhH �¿ > H Z D H B�J�K H � ®�> A >1® Y � J�K H � ®;> A ��K N D ®8® �F���J�K4D$U�F T @ > H D�K ® H ��¿ > H J$MH �K N U >,] H B =>,Q�> @A >1® �CB�F�J AIH Q D�T A > H RU�F��KLP > F�F > A = T;P A � ® P A D�K4B = @A >;® �CB�F�J A ®�> H � N K H Y� U�F = J�R N�= F => X ] U >�¯G> U ��" � Q�> B = D�K� H Q ��K�F A J ® R[B >1® �K_F = � H ® � H�H > A FID�F��J�K @A J ¯ � ®�> H D@ > A M3J A Q D�K4B > �K[B A > D H > J ¯G> A F => X ] P��FfB'J�RK;F > A ��" � Q�> B = D$K� H Q V Q J A >i> � > B�F�� ¯G>%��" �Q�> B = D�K� H Q H D A > H F��U�U A > � R-� A >;® M3J A F =>�= T;P A � ® P A D�K[B = @A >;® �CB�F�J A F�JLD�B = � >�¯G> ��F H M3RU�U @ J ]F > K;F��CD$U @ > A M3J A Q D$K4B > YLzJ A J�K >%³ 8 ² �»= T;P A � ® @A >1® �^B�F�J A VÀM3J A >,s D Q @ U > VwF => X ] U >�¯G> U ��" �D�B = � >�¯G> H D��-Y ³ Ù�Q � H�@-A >1® �^B�F���J�K A D$F >�Z�=-> A > D H D$K�� ®�> D�U H > U > B�F�J A Z J�R-U ® D�B = � >�¯G> D�X;Y ³ Ù�Q � H ]@-A >1® �^B�F���J�K A D$F > V�U > D ¯ �K N H � N K-�«ewB,D$K�F A JGJ Q M3J A � Q @-A J ¯G>,Qh> K;F,Y � K�D ®a® �F��J�K¯V�F = � H|H F�R ® T�B'J�K ]H � ®�> A >1®d= T;P A � ® P A D�K[B = @A >1® �CB'F�J AaH Z�= �CB =N® T;K4D Q �^B,D�U�UThB�J Q P-�K > J�KU�T�F Z J H �K N U >,] H B =>,Q�>@-A >1® �^B�F�J AIH Y T;P A � ® P A D$K4B = @A >1® �^B�F�J AIH F = D�F!B�J Q P�K >*Q J A > F = D�K�F Z JOB�J Q @ J�K > K;F @A >1® �^B ]F�J AaH Q D,ThD�B = � >�¯G>#= � N�=> A�@A >1® �CB�F��J�KxD�B,B�R A D�B'TGYzJ A F =-> FaD A N�> F`B,D�B => H F�R ® TGV4F =-> ��K @ RF ® D$FID�M3J A F =>�>,s @ > A � Q�> K�F H Z�> A > F => � "�� � ! 6��K�F >,N�> A P > K[B =Q D A � H Z�=> A > J�KU�TLD H Q D�U�UM A D�B'F��J�KLJ�M\�K H F A R4B�F��J�K H D A > �K ® � A > B'F*P A D�K[B => H ®> Y N Y�×�Y 6 Ù ��K N B,BiD�K ® ×�Y 8 Ù �K @ > A U¾Y � F Z �U�U�P > ��K�F > A > H F���K N F�J H F�R ® T_F => P > K > e4F H J$MFaD A N�> FiB,D�B => H M3J A J�P� > B�F�J A � > K;F >;® @A J N A D Q H Z�=> A >%Q J A > �K ® � A > B�FhP A D$K4B =-> H Q D,TµP >>Es�> B'RF >1® Y�zJ A >,s D Q @ U > V Q J A > ��K ® � A > B�F�P A D�K[B => H B,D�K%U > D ® F�J Q J A > �K;F > A M > A > K4B > ��K%F =>FaD A N�> FOBED�B => Y <�=> J @ F�� Q D�U\B�J�K�e N R A D$F��J�K_D$K ® ° J A ®�> H � N K Q D�TLP >® �Å� > A > K;F Z�=-> K Q J A >��K ® � A > B�F�P A D$K4B => H D A >O>,s�> B�RF >;® Y�)>�= D ¯G> H = J Z K�F = D�F�D ®8® �K N @-A >1® �^B,D�F >1®�>,s;> B�R-F��J�KOF�J`D Q D�B = �K >\Z�= J H >�� � � H R @@ J A F HH @ > B�RU^D�F�� ¯G>�>,s;> B�R-F��J�K�B,D$K�U > D ® F�J H � N K��ewB,D$K�F���K4B A > D H > H �K @ > A M3J A Q D$K4B > Y J Z�>�¯G> A V Q J A >A > H > D A B = B,D$K H F��U�U�P >N® J�K > F�JfM3R A F =-> A �K4B A > D H > F => @ > A M3J A Q D�K4B > P > K > e4F @A J ¯ � ®�>1® P;T@-A >1® �^B,D�F >1®#>,s;> B�RF��J�K¯Y � K @ D A F��^B�RU^D A V @A >1® �CBED�F >;®j>Es�> B'RF���J�KW� H¶@ > A M3J A Q D�K[B > P > K > e4F Z J�RU ®P > H � N K�«e�B,D�K;F�U�T��K4B A > D H >1® P;TLB�J Q @ �U > A J @ F�� Q ��¿$D�F��J�K H F = D$F�F A D�K H M3J A Q F => B�J ®�> H JdF = D�FQ J A > J�M-F =>�= D A ®�] F�J ] @A >1® �^B�F|P A D�K[B => H B�J�RU ® P >�> U� Q �K[D�F >;® Y � B�J Q @ ��U > A B,D$K�D$U H J�P > PR��UFF�J�D�RF�J Q D$F > P A D�K4B =d> U� Q �K4D$F��J�K�F = A J�R N�= @-A >1® �^B,D�F��J�KhD�K ® F�J >�¯ D�UR[D�F > F => @ > A M3J A Q D�K[B >P > K > e4F H J$M�F =-> H > J @ F�� Q �¿$D$F��J�K H D H Z�> U�U·Y

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¬ ³�³®­°¶ Y ¯ Y�z µ H => A D�Kgë^³[Y ñ Y�z A > R¢ë > K;P > A N�> A V�ÙÉÔ A > ë µ B ´ïµ K N B�J�Kgë µ"´Rµ J�K4D$UOP A D$K4B = ë µ A > B ]´ïµ J�K H M A J Q @A >�¯mµ J�R H�A RK H J$M�D @A J N A D Q VÜÛ µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæ�ß Ë Á(' ß Ë��'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ»¼½ S æ Á®ÂÌÁ SÖÇ Á ½ S à  ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂRÏPÀ â Î,?G? ½  ß]æO½  ÅÆ ½Ìè ÂRÏ ¾�¾ ¿ S è é Ï S è ÎmÏ è ÁRÃ�Ï SÖÐ�� ?gÁ®ÂRÏ ß ¿ S èâ�ã Ã ß Á ¾ à V @@ Y 5�6_ê;Þ�6 V ³ Þ�Þ X�Y

¬ ³ X ­°ñ Y,í�Y¦óvJ�Uüë > KWV)% Á Ð Î Ç ¿ S èMß Ë Á�Å�Á S ÏPÀ ß ãý½çæ ú�ÂïÏ S]ÇÌË Ï S]Ð é,½ Ï Ð+* Ï�,OÏ� Рà ¿ S Å[¿´?gÁÉÀ ¿ S Á Ðá ¿ Ç Â ½ ?� ½ Ç ÁRÃÉà ½ ÂÄà VøÔ = ¸ ´�=-> H µ H V]¹vK µ§¯G> AaH µ´ T�J$M ñMµ B =ÖµN D$KWV ³ Þ�Þ�6 Y

¬ ³ ~ ­�< Y ó A D�KU�RKgëfD$KgëÓ²�Y4² > K-K > A V,Ù � U µ�Qwµ K[D ´Rµ K N P A D$K4B => H R H µ K N D H R @ > A J @ ´ïµQwµ ¿ > A D�K¢ë´�=> ó-�î¹ × B'J Q @ µ U > A VÜÛ µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæ�ß Ë Á à »4á â �/. Å é à "�0 132 »¼½ S æ Á®ÂÌÁ SÖÇ Á ½ SÅÆ ½Ìè ÂRÏ ¾�¾ ¿ S è°é Ï S è ÎvÏ è Á54�ÁRÃO¿ è S Ï S]Ð6� ¾ ?gÀ"Á ¾ Á S ß Ï ß ¿ ½ S V @-@ Y ~ � ³ ê;~�6 X;V ³ Þ�Þ X�Y

¬ ³ � ­ Ô\Y� H R)D�Kgë � Yo¸#D ¯vµ ë H J�KWV[Ù7 µ�N�= U�TiB�J�K4B'R A�A > K ´ H B,D$UCD A`@A J;B > H�H µ K N V Û µ K Å[ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è ýçæòß Ë Á Ý � ß ËÓà`SS ÎmÏPÀ �'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾¤½ S »¼½�¾ ?�Î ß Á®Â à  ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂÉÁ V ³ Þ�5�8 Y

¬ ³ 6 ­ Ò¸Y]Ò¸Y� Z R7D�Kgë � Y���YgÔ�D ´R´ V¼Ù ×�=-> B98 @ J µ K ´ A > @ D µ A M3J A J�R ´�] J�M ] J A ë > A >Es�> B'R ´Rµ J�K Q D ]B =]µ K > H V Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæÕß Ë Á Ý��]ß ËØà`SS ÎvÏPÀ �±S ß ÁÌ S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾¨½ S »¼½�¾ �?�Î ß Á®Â à  ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂÌÁ V @@ Y ³ 5_ê X 8 V ³ Þ�5G} Y

¬ ³ 8 ­ ¸�Yg²�Y4²OD > U µ D�K¢ëMÔ|Yoó�Y ��Q�Q D�VoÙ �nQ @A J ¯mµ K N�´�=> D�BEB�R A D�B�TLJ�M =]µ H ´ J A T ] P4D H > ëfP A D�K[B =@-A > ë µ B ´Rµ J�KWV Û ³GR-P Qwµ"´ï´�> ë ´ J � ���*��< A D$K H D�B ´Rµ J�K H J�K × J Q @ R ´�> AaH V ³ Þ�Þ �Y¬ ³ } ­°¶ Y¯²cY¯z�Yoí >,> D$Kgë ¯ Y ¶ Y4³ Qwµ"´�= V÷Ù � A D$K4B = @-A > ë µ B ´Rµ J�K H ´ A D ´�>,Näµ> H D�Kgë%P A D$K4B =·´ D A N�>�´P-R:� > A ë > H µ�N KWV Û � õ¼õ¼õ »¼½�¾ ?�Î ß Á®Â V @@ Y 8_ê X�X;V ¶ D$K�R4D A T ³ Þ�5 �-Y¬ ³ 5 ­ ³[Y ¯ Y ñ D = U;8 > V�²�Y � Y `D�K 8wVm²�Y ¯ Y � A µ K N�Q D�KKWV ¶ Y × YgóvT�U�U > K = D�D�U¾Vm¸�Y ñ Y¢ó`D$UUCD N�=> A VD$KgëwÒ¸YvÒ¸Y� Z R¯V4Ù ×�= D A D�B ´�> A µ ¿ µ K N�´�=>ÿµQ @ D�B ´ J$M @A > ë µ B,D ´�> ë >Es�> B'R ´Rµ J�K�J�KyP A D�K[B =@-A > ë µ B ´Rµ J�KWV Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæ�ß Ë Á<2�= ß ËMà`S-S ÎvÏPÀ à »4á?> � õ¼õ¼õ �'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ �

? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾¤½ S á ¿ Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂÌÁ V @@ Y4X ³ }®ê X�X } V ³ Þ�Þ �-Y¬ ³ Þ ­ ³[Y ¯ Y ñ D = U;8 > V�¸�Y × Y[í µ KWVîÒ¸Y � Y ×�=> KWVð²�Y � Y@#D$K 8¶V`D�Kgë ²OY ¯ Y � A µ K N�Q D�KK¯V

Ù � � > B ´Rµ�¯G> B�J Q @ µ U > A#H R @@ J A ´ M3J A�@A > ë µ B,D ´�> ë >Es�> B'R ´Rµ J�K%R H µ K NÓ´�=->d= T @ > A PUJ;B78wVÜÛ µ KÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çælß Ë Á�2A' ß Ëtà`SS ÎmÏPÀ à »4á?> � õ¼õ¼õ �±S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾«½ S á ¿ �Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂÉÁ V @@ Y� 6_ê;6 �V ³ Þ�Þ X�Y

¬ X Nj­ ³[Y ñ B,z4D A U µ K N V¦Ù × J Q P µ K µ K N P A D$K4B = @A > ë µ B ´ J AIH V Û <W> B = K µ B,D�Uº² > @ J A ´`< � ] ~�8 V�¸ µNäµ"´ D�UÒ > H ´�> A KM² > H > D A B = íWD$P4J A D ´ J A TGV ¶ R-K >�³ Þ�Þ�~ Y

¬ X ³®­ ³[Y ñ B,z4D A U µ K N D�Kgë ¶ Y3 > KK > H�H TGV�Ùɲ > ë�R4B µ K N�´�=> B�J H ´ J$MwP A D$K4B =-> H V Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæß Ë Á Ý � ß Ë·à`SS ÎmÏPÀ �'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãP¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S »¼½�¾ ?�Î ß Á®Â à  ÇÉË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂÌÁ V @@ Y ~�Þ�8�ê� N ~ V ³ Þ�5�8 Y

¬ X�X ­ × Y ñf> U > D A VîÙ <�=-> ë > H µN K­J�M ´�=-> 5�5 NäNPN A µ H BdM¾D Qwµ UTGV Û µ K � õ¼õ÷õ á ¿ Ç Â ½�V @-@ Y�X 8�ê;~�5 V³ Þ�5�Þ Y¬ X ~ ­ ³[Y ñf> U ¯vµ KhD�Kgë � YA��YmÔ�D ´R´ V,Ù ��s @ UJ µ"´Rµ K N e[K >,]3N A D µ K > ë @ D A D�U�U > U µ H Q ´�= A J�R N�= D�B�J Q P µ]K[D ´Rµ J�KiJ�M = D A ë Z D A > D$Kgë H J�M ´ Z D A >ÿ´�> B = K µCB R > H V Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæòß Ë Á ÝEDPß Ëwà`SS ÎmÏPÀ

�±S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S »¼½�¾ ?�Î ß Á®Â à  ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂÉÁ V @@ Y4X 5{}®ê X ÞG} V ³ Þ�Þ ³ Y³ON }

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¬ X�� ­ ²OYF�`D µ A V Ùĸ�T�K[D Qwµ B @ D ´�=] P4D H > ë_P A D�K4B = B�J A�A > U^D ´Rµ J�KWV Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæÕß Ë Á?2 DPß Ëà`S-S ÎvÏPÀ à »4á?> � õ¼õ¼õ �'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãP¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S á ¿ Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂÌÁ V @@ Y ³ 6�ê X ~ V³ Þ�Þ�6 Y¬ X 6 ­ ³[Y ]¾< YPÔ�D$KWVG²�Y�³GJVGD$Kgë ¶ Y < Y�²�D =Q�>,= V]Ù �·Q @A J ¯mµ K N[´�=> D�B,B�R A D�B'T�J$Mºë�T�K[D Qwµ B�P A D�K[B =@-A > ë µ B ´Rµ J�KOR H µ K N P A D$K4B = B�J A�A > UCD ´ïµ J�KWVÜÛ µ K Å[ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæ�ß Ë ÁG' ß Ë&�±S ß ÁÌ S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ »¼½ SA�

æ ÁÌÂÌÁ S]Ç Á ½ S à  ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂïÏPÀ â Î�?G? ½ Â ß æO½ Â÷ÅÆ ½Éè ÂïÏ ¾�¾ ¿ S è é Ï S è ÎvÏ è ÁRÃðÏ S]ÐH� ?gÁ®ÂïÏ ß ¿ S èîâ�ã à �ß Á ¾ à V @@ Y }$8_ê{5 �-V ³ Þ�Þ X�Y

¬ X 8 ­I� YvÔ�D ´R´ VvÒ¸YA Z RWV-D�Kgë ñ Y¢³ => P4D$KJ Z V4Ù7ðÔƳ[VD�K >,Z�Qwµ B A JGD A B =]µ"´�> B ´ R A > �o²vD ´Rµ J�K4D$U >D$Kgë µ K ´ A Jmë�R[B ´Rµ J�KWV Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæòß Ë Á ÝEDPß ËÓà`SS ÎmÏPÀ à »4áH> � õ¼õ¼õ �'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀâ�ãP¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S á ¿ Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂÉÁ V @@ Y ³ON ~_ê ³�N } V ³ Þ�5�6 Y

¬ X } ­I� Y���Y4Ô�D ´R´ V÷³4YoÒ¸Y ñf> U ¯vµ KWVoÒ¸Y� Z RWV�D$Kgë ñ Y × Y¦³ => P4D$KJ Z VîÙ × A µ"´Rµ B,D�U µ H�H R > H�A >,]N D A ë µ K N îÔÚ³4V-D =]µN�= @ > A M3J A Q D�K4B >#Qwµ B A JGD A B =]µ"´�> B ´ R A > VÜÛ µ K Å[ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæÿß Ë Á ÝEDPß Ëà`S-S ÎvÏPÀ à »4áH> � õ¼õ÷õ �±S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S á ¿ Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÉË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂÌÁ V @@ Y ³ON Þ�ê ³�³ 8 V³ Þ�5�6 Y¬ X 5 ­ ¸�YJ��Y�Ô�K >�¯;Q D ´ïµ 8�D ´ J H D�KgëØó�Yo³4Yo³GJ =]µ V÷Ù®óvR4D A ë > ë >,s�> B�R ´Rµ J�KiD�K¢ë·ë�T�K[D Qwµ BjP A D�K[B =@-A > ë µ B ´Rµ J�K µ KÓë�T;K4D QÕµ B � íoÔ @-A J;B > H�H J AIH V Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæÿß Ë Á&2 Ý Ã ß à`SS ÎmÏPÀ �'S ß Á®Â �S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S »¼½�¾ ?�Î ß Á®Â à  ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂÉÁ V @@ Y ³ X N ê ³ X Þ V ³ Þ�Þ �Y¬ X Þ ­�� Yø²�Ym²vD�RWVm¸�Y�Ò¸Y�í�Y ��> KWV�Ò¸Y ��> KWV;D$Kgë�²OY ¯ Y < J Z U > V Ù <�=>°× TÖë A D 6 ë > @ D A ´�Q�> K ´ D�UH R @ > A B'J Q @ R ´�> A VÜÛ � õ¼õ÷õ »¼½�¾ ?�Î ß Á®Â V ¯ J�U·Y-X�X�V @@ Y ³ X ê{~�6 V ¶ D�K;R4D A T ³ Þ�5�Þ Y¬ ~ Nj­ ²OY ñ Yg²�R H�H > UU¾V4Ù <�=->�× ² ¯K�`]�³ B�J Q @ R ´�> A�H T H ´�>,Q VÜÛM»¼½�¾�¾ Î S ¿ Ç Ï ß ¿ ½ S à ½çæ�ß Ë Á à »4á7V¯ J�U·Y-X ³ V4KJ-Y ³ V @@ Y 8�~_ê-} X�V ¶ D�K;R4D A T ³ Þ{}�5 Y¬ ~ ³®­ ³[Y¢³ > B = A > H ´ V × Y ] × Y]í >,> V�D$Kgë < Y ñ Rgë N�> V Ù <�=> A J�U > J�M�DPë-D @ ´ïµ§¯mµ"´ T µ K ´ Z J ] U >�¯G> U4DPë-D @ ]´ïµ§¯G> P A D$K4B = @A > ë µ B ´ïµ J�KWVÜÛ µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæðß Ë Á-2 DPß ËÕà`SS ÎmÏPÀ à »4áH> � õ¼õ¼õ �±S ß Á®Â S Ï �

ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾¤½ S á ¿ Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂÌÁ V ³ Þ�Þ�6 Y¬ ~ X ­°¶ Y � Y�³ Qwµ´�= VoÙ ¯ H ´ Rgë�ThJ�M�P A D$K4B = @A > ë µ B ´Rµ J�K H ´ A D ´�>,NPµ�> H V Û µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæÿß Ë Á DPß Ëà`S-S ÎvÏPÀ �±S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S »¼½�¾ ?�Î ß Á®Â à  ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂÉÁ V @-@ Y ³ ~�6_ê ³ � 5 V ³ Þ�5 ³ Y¬ ~�~ ­�� Y[³ @A D�K N U > D$Kgë � Y¼Ô�D ´ï´ V°Ùaz�D�B µ U µ"´ D ´Rµ K N H R @ > AIH BED�UCD A�@A J;B > H�H µ K N�¯mµ D)DuB�J Q P µ K > ëH ´ D ´Rµ B ° ë�T;K4D QÕµ B A >,Näµ H ´�> A�A > K4D QÕµ K N H B =>EQ�> VÜÛ µ K ÅÆ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è à ½çæÓß Ë Á�2�= ß Ë à`SS ÎmÏPÀà »4á?> � õ¼õ¼õ �'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãP¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾ ½ S á ¿ Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÌË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎvÂÉÁ V @@ Y ³ � ~_ê ³ � } V ³ Þ�Þ �-Y¬ ~ � ­°¯ Y ²OY < D�UCB'J ´R´ V ñ Y�� >,Qwµ A J ¯ H 8�T¬VD�K¢ëزOY × Y�ÒuJGJmë¶V�Ù <�=>�µ K:L4R > K4B > J$M�P A D�K4B = @A >,]

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¬ ~�8 ­ ó�Y¦³4Y < T H J�KWV Ù <�=>�> � > B ´ H J�M @A > ë µ B,D ´Rµ J�KuJ�K_P A D�K4B = @-A > ë µ B ´Rµ J�KWV Û µ K Å[ ½ Ç ÁÉÁ Ð ¿ S è ýçæ�ß Ë Á&2�= ß ËÓà`SS ÎvÏPÀ à »4á?> � õ¼õ¼õ �'S ß Á®Â S Ï ß ¿ ½ S ÏPÀ â�ãä¾ ? ½ ÃO¿�Î ¾¤½ S á ¿ Ç Â ½ Ï� ÇÉË ¿ ß Á Ç ß ÎmÂÌÁ V@-@ Y ³ Þ�8_ê X N 8 V ³ Þ�Þ �Y

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