EMPIRE AND EXPANSION,EMPIRE AND EXPANSION, 1890-1909 1890-1909

Chapter 27Chapter 27

Imperialist StirringsImperialist Stirrings

Between end of Civil War and 1890 US very isolationist.Between end of Civil War and 1890 US very isolationist. In the late 19th Century the US became more outward In the late 19th Century the US became more outward

looking. Reasons?looking. Reasons? American’s felt a new sense of powerAmerican’s felt a new sense of power Many people thought the US needed colonies to compete with Many people thought the US needed colonies to compete with

Europe.Europe. Hearst and Pulitzer “yellow Press” whetted appetites for foreign Hearst and Pulitzer “yellow Press” whetted appetites for foreign

adventure.adventure. Missionaries saw new opportunities overseas Missionaries saw new opportunities overseas Overseas seen as the new “frontier.”Overseas seen as the new “frontier.” Some felt we needed our “share” of Asia and Africa as colonies.Some felt we needed our “share” of Asia and Africa as colonies. Darwin and Manifest Destiny.Darwin and Manifest Destiny. Diplomatic conflicts with Germany, Italy and ChiliDiplomatic conflicts with Germany, Italy and Chili

Expanding NavyExpanding Navy

All steel navies led to arms race, All steel navies led to arms race, Alfred Thayer Mahan. Alfred Thayer Mahan.

The Influence of Sea Power upon The Influence of Sea Power upon HistoryHistory

His theoryHis theory Caused all countries to start Caused all countries to start

focusing on their naval resources, focusing on their naval resources, including the US. including the US.

Led to US to desire naval bases Led to US to desire naval bases around the world and an isthmian around the world and an isthmian canalcanal

VENEZUELAN SQUALLVENEZUELAN SQUALL

Boundary dispute between Boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana.Venezuela and British Guiana.

Cleveland urged arbitration and Cleveland urged arbitration and invokes the Monroe Doctrine. invokes the Monroe Doctrine.

First real attempt by US to enforce First real attempt by US to enforce the doctrine.the doctrine.

British are unimpressed. British are unimpressed. Cleveland mad; war feverCleveland mad; war fever Brits give in despite military Brits give in despite military

superiority. Why?superiority. Why?

VENEZUELAN SQUALLVENEZUELAN SQUALL

Results:Results: South Americans are pleased with US help.South Americans are pleased with US help. Monroe Doctrine is upheld and takes on new Monroe Doctrine is upheld and takes on new

validityvalidity Brits, with growing problems in Europe, adopt Brits, with growing problems in Europe, adopt

a policy of a policy of “patting the eagle’s head”“patting the eagle’s head”• Great Rapprochement. Great Rapprochement. • Marks a new century of close friendship.Marks a new century of close friendship.

Spurning The Hawaiian PearSpurning The Hawaiian Pear

In the 1820s New In the 1820s New England missionaries England missionaries had come to Hawaii had come to Hawaii

Descendents become Descendents become the economic leaders. the economic leaders.

Important trade cross-Important trade cross-roadsroads

Spurning The Hawaiian PearSpurning The Hawaiian Pear

Many see Hawaii as a natural Many see Hawaii as a natural extension of the United States. extension of the United States.

In the 1840s US warned other In the 1840s US warned other countries to leave Hawaii alone.countries to leave Hawaii alone.

1875 reciprocal trade agreement 1875 reciprocal trade agreement and 1887 agreement to give US and 1887 agreement to give US naval bases there.naval bases there.

Sugar/McKinley tariff.Sugar/McKinley tariff. Japanese “problem”Japanese “problem” White economic leaders urge US White economic leaders urge US

annexation.annexation.

Spurning The Hawaiian PearSpurning The Hawaiian Pear

Queen Liliuokalani would not Queen Liliuokalani would not go along. Result?go along. Result?

Cleveland response to Cleveland response to annexation request? annexation request?

ConsequencesConsequences

Cubans Rise In RevoltCubans Rise In Revolt

Cuba is last vestige of Spanish empire in Cuba is last vestige of Spanish empire in AmericaAmerica

Cubans rose in revolt in 1895. Cubans rose in revolt in 1895. Reasons?Reasons? Tactics of Cuban rebelsTactics of Cuban rebels American sympathies with the rebels.American sympathies with the rebels.

Reasons?Reasons?

Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba

Tensions MountTensions Mount

General “Butcher” WeylerGeneral “Butcher” Weyler.. Concentration camps Concentration camps

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism William Randolph Hearst and William Randolph Hearst and

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

Maine ExplosionMaine Explosion Weyler removed in 1897, but conditions in Cuba Weyler removed in 1897, but conditions in Cuba

continued to worsen.continued to worsen. McKinley sends McKinley sends Maine Maine to Cuba to be prepared to to Cuba to be prepared to

evacuate Americans. evacuate Americans. Feb 15, 1898 it explodes, killing 260 sailors.Feb 15, 1898 it explodes, killing 260 sailors.

American investigation blames a Spanish mine, and war American investigation blames a Spanish mine, and war hysteria in US is lathered to a fever pitchhysteria in US is lathered to a fever pitch

““Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!”Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!”

McKinley Unleashes The Dogs Of WarMcKinley Unleashes The Dogs Of War

McKinley did not want war. Why?McKinley did not want war. Why? He knew how bad war could be as a Civil War vet He knew how bad war could be as a Civil War vet Business community did not want war because it Business community did not want war because it

might disrupt the economy. might disrupt the economy. American diplomats had already secured Spanish American diplomats had already secured Spanish

agreement to the US’ primary demandsagreement to the US’ primary demands But, the public’s passions were inflamed by the But, the public’s passions were inflamed by the

Yellow PressYellow Press Hearst and Randolph were clamoring for war, as Hearst and Randolph were clamoring for war, as

were some politicians.were some politicians. Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt (Asst. Sec of Navy) was a (Asst. Sec of Navy) was a

strong advocate for war with Spain. strong advocate for war with Spain.

McKinley Declares WarMcKinley Declares War

McKinley asks Congress for a declaration McKinley asks Congress for a declaration of war on April 11, 1898.of war on April 11, 1898.

ReasonsReasons Teller Amendment. What does it say?Teller Amendment. What does it say?

Dewey’s May Day Victory At ManilaDewey’s May Day Victory At Manila

Teddy Roosevelt (Ass’t Sec. Teddy Roosevelt (Ass’t Sec. of Navy).of Navy).

cabled Commodore cabled Commodore George George DeweyDewey to attack Spain’s navy to attack Spain’s navy in the Philippines in the event in the Philippines in the event of war.of war.

May 1, 1898 Dewey attacksMay 1, 1898 Dewey attacks. . Sinks 10 Spanish ships without Sinks 10 Spanish ships without

a single US casualty. a single US casualty. Dewey is a huge hero and Dewey is a huge hero and

immediately promoted to immediately promoted to admiral.admiral.

Dewey Smashes Spanish Dewey Smashes Spanish FleetFleet

Dewey Smashes Spanish Dewey Smashes Spanish FleetFleet

Unexpected Imperialistic PlumsUnexpected Imperialistic Plums

Dewey in a precarious position. Why?Dewey in a precarious position. Why? American troops arrive in August of 1898American troops arrive in August of 1898 Emilio Aguinaldo. Emilio Aguinaldo.

What is he “promised”? What is he “promised”? Renewed attention on Hawaii.Renewed attention on Hawaii.

Why? Why? Congress passes resolution annexing Hawaii Congress passes resolution annexing Hawaii

in July, 1898in July, 1898

The Confused Invasion Of CubaThe Confused Invasion Of Cuba

The Spanish fleet old The Spanish fleet old and decrepit. and decrepit.

US Navy bottled up US Navy bottled up Spanish Navy in Spanish Navy in Santiago harbor,.Santiago harbor,.

Plan is to invade Plan is to invade Cuba from the rear to Cuba from the rear to drive in behind the drive in behind the trapped fleet.trapped fleet.

The Confused Invasion Of CubaThe Confused Invasion Of Cuba

US Army ill-prepared for tropical war. US Army ill-prepared for tropical war. Why?Why?

Malaria and Yellow fever were big killers of Malaria and Yellow fever were big killers of US troops. US troops. More US troops died of disease (5000) than More US troops died of disease (5000) than

of battle-inflicted injuries (400).of battle-inflicted injuries (400).

TR’s Rough RidersTR’s Rough Riders

Rough Riders; Teddy Rough Riders; Teddy Roosevelt. Roosevelt.

Made up of western Made up of western cowboys, miners and cowboys, miners and friends from Harvard.friends from Harvard.

Short on discipline but Short on discipline but long on dash and long on dash and daring.daring.

Colonel Leonard Colonel Leonard WoodWood..

Were not “riders”Were not “riders”

US InvasionUS Invasion

Mid-June US forces Mid-June US forces land near Santiago. land near Santiago. Little opposition.Little opposition.

Key battles Key battles El Caney El Caney and San Juan Hilland San Juan Hill. .

Rough riders charge Rough riders charge up San Juan Hill..up San Juan Hill.. 10th Cavalry10th Cavalry

Gatling gunGatling gun

Curtains For Spain In AmericaCurtains For Spain In America

Spanish fleet in an untenable position. Spanish fleet in an untenable position. Spanish fleet entirely destroyed and Spanish fleet entirely destroyed and

Santiago surrenders.Santiago surrenders. Americans quickly invade and liberate Americans quickly invade and liberate

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico before armistice. Why? before armistice. Why? Armistice August 12, 1898Armistice August 12, 1898. War only 4 . War only 4

months.months. Victory was not foreordained. Victory was not foreordained. Malaria and Yellow feverMalaria and Yellow fever

Paris Treaty Of 1898Paris Treaty Of 1898

Cuba freed from Spanish (US does not claim Cuba freed from Spanish (US does not claim sovereignty as pledged at the beginning of the sovereignty as pledged at the beginning of the war). war). America reserves the right to intervene if country America reserves the right to intervene if country

goes off track. Also gets goes off track. Also gets naval basesnaval bases.. US gets US gets GuamGuam, seized at the start of the war , seized at the start of the war

(Pacific Island)(Pacific Island) US gets US gets Puerto RicoPuerto Rico, the last remnant of , the last remnant of

Spain’s New World Empire. Spain’s New World Empire. US purchases US purchases Philippines for 20 MillPhilippines for 20 Mill. .

Spain refused to give as a spoil of war. Why?Spain refused to give as a spoil of war. Why?

Buying the PhilippinesBuying the Philippines

McKinley agonized over whether to buy.McKinley agonized over whether to buy. Arguments for buying:Arguments for buying:

Did not want Spain or another power to reassert Did not want Spain or another power to reassert control. control.

Having freed Cuba, would be morally cowardly to turn Having freed Cuba, would be morally cowardly to turn Philippines back over to Spain. Philippines back over to Spain.

Many Americans wanted to Protestantize the Catholic Many Americans wanted to Protestantize the Catholic Filipinos Filipinos

Business interests saw it as a potential source of Business interests saw it as a potential source of profits.profits.

Could “free” them after they had learned about Could “free” them after they had learned about democracy and were on their feet economically.democracy and were on their feet economically.

Buying the PhilippinesBuying the Philippines

Arguments against buying Philippines:Arguments against buying Philippines: Would turn US into a colonial powerWould turn US into a colonial power would entangle US in the Far East. would entangle US in the Far East. Contrary to spirit of US to subjugate another Contrary to spirit of US to subjugate another

people. And, these were people very different people. And, these were people very different from us.from us.

America’s Course Of EmpireAmerica’s Course Of Empire

Paris treaty sparked one of most Paris treaty sparked one of most impassioned debates in US history. impassioned debates in US history. Reasons:Reasons: Not sparsely populated area capable of Not sparsely populated area capable of

settlement by Americans and eventual state-settlement by Americans and eventual state-hood. hood.

Distant land with foreign people speaking a Distant land with foreign people speaking a foreign language.foreign language.

Anti-ImperialistsAnti-Imperialists

Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League. . Twain, Carnagie, Twain, Carnagie,

Gompers.Gompers.

Arguments:Arguments: Filipinos wanted freedom Filipinos wanted freedom

and to annex them would and to annex them would be contrary to spirit of Dec. be contrary to spirit of Dec. of Indep.of Indep.

Despotism abroad would Despotism abroad would breed it at homebreed it at home

Annexation would suck US Annexation would suck US into politics of the far eastinto politics of the far east

The Imperialist Taylor

Imperialist ArgumentsImperialist Arguments

Patriotism. We fought and died for it, Patriotism. We fought and died for it, giving it back would dishonor US soldiers.giving it back would dishonor US soldiers.

Trade profits in Far East and use of Trade profits in Far East and use of natural resources of the Islands.natural resources of the Islands.

Filipinos not yet able to govern Filipinos not yet able to govern themselves. themselves. US would help out its little brown brothers and US would help out its little brown brothers and

teach them how to be an independent teach them how to be an independent democratic state until ready to govern democratic state until ready to govern themselves.themselves.

Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?

Treaty barely passes Treaty barely passes when Bryan when Bryan unexpectedly throws unexpectedly throws his support behind it.his support behind it.

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

Forker Act of 1900Forker Act of 1900 gave PR limited gave PR limited sovereignty. sovereignty. In 1917 PR given US citizenship. In 1917 PR given US citizenship.

American improves education, sanitation American improves education, sanitation and transportation. and transportation.

Three factions in PR. Three factions in PR. Issue: does the Constitution follow the Issue: does the Constitution follow the

flag? flag? Insular Cases.Insular Cases.

CubaCuba

Leonard WoodLeonard Wood Walter ReedWalter Reed US honors US honors Teller AmendmentTeller Amendment in 1902 in 1902 But, But, Platt Amendment placed restrictions.Platt Amendment placed restrictions.

Not allowed to make treaties with others that will Not allowed to make treaties with others that will restrict its sovereignty. restrict its sovereignty.

Not allowed to go into debt beyond their means. Not allowed to go into debt beyond their means. US allowed to intervene in Cuba to restore order. US allowed to intervene in Cuba to restore order. Cubans agree to provide bases to US. Cubans agree to provide bases to US.

• GuantanamoGuantanamo

Consequences of WarConsequences of War

US gets more respect in international circles as US gets more respect in international circles as world power. See War of 1812. world power. See War of 1812.

Helps US pride. Helps US pride. Brings north and south closer together;Brings north and south closer together; Americans believe that American power is Americans believe that American power is

stronger than it is. stronger than it is. Mahan is vindicated; more resources poured Mahan is vindicated; more resources poured

into into NavyNavy.. US stuck with Philippines and far-east US stuck with Philippines and far-east

entanglemententanglement

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

Little Brown Brothers” In The PhilippinesLittle Brown Brothers” In The Philippines

Philippines became a US Philippines became a US headache. headache.

The Filipinos wanted a deal The Filipinos wanted a deal similar to Cubans similar to Cubans

1899 the Filipino’s revolt 1899 the Filipino’s revolt War of atrocities on both sides. War of atrocities on both sides. US loses more soldiers and US loses more soldiers and

spends more money fighting spends more money fighting against Filipinos than it had in against Filipinos than it had in the SA war.the SA war.

Philippine RebellionPhilippine Rebellion

Filipino army is quickly Filipino army is quickly defeated defeated

Turns into guerrilla jungle Turns into guerrilla jungle warfare, warfare,

vicious and difficult for vicious and difficult for Americans to fight.Americans to fight.

Anti-imperialist in US Anti-imperialist in US redouble their protests. redouble their protests.

War finally ends in 1901 War finally ends in 1901 when US captures when US captures Aguinaldo, but still Aguinaldo, but still sporadic guerilla sporadic guerilla terrorism.terrorism.

Rebuilding PhilippinesRebuilding Philippines

McKinley appoints a commission. McKinley appoints a commission.

William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft. . Millions of US dollars poured in to Millions of US dollars poured in to

Philippines to help build the Philippines to help build the country. country.

Roads, sanitation, education, public Roads, sanitation, education, public healthhealth

Philippines finally get their Philippines finally get their freedom in 1946 after WWII . freedom in 1946 after WWII .

Thousands of Filipinos emigrate Thousands of Filipinos emigrate to the US.to the US.

ChinaChina

Japan defeats China in 1895.Japan defeats China in 1895. China weak but filled with China weak but filled with

huge markets and lush huge markets and lush natural resources, natural resources,

Imperialist powers in Europe Imperialist powers in Europe and Japan want to exploit and Japan want to exploit China.China.

begin to carve up into begin to carve up into spheres of influencespheres of influence

lease-holds expropriated from lease-holds expropriated from China’s weakened government.China’s weakened government.

Americans become alarmed Americans become alarmed at what is going on. at what is going on.

ConcernsConcerns

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

Sec. of State, John Hay Sec. of State, John Hay announces Open Door Policy announces Open Door Policy China.China.

What is this policy?What is this policy? How does Europe react to it?How does Europe react to it? How does Hay get it How does Hay get it

adopted?adopted? How well does it work?How well does it work?

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

In 1900 super-patriotic group of nationalists In 1900 super-patriotic group of nationalists known as “boxers” rebelled with the mission to known as “boxers” rebelled with the mission to “kill foreign devils.” “kill foreign devils.” Over two hundred missionaries and other whites killedOver two hundred missionaries and other whites killed foreign diplomats were besieged in the capital foreign diplomats were besieged in the capital

A multinational force of 18,000, including 2500 A multinational force of 18,000, including 2500 Americans sent to put down the rebellion. Americans sent to put down the rebellion.

Succeed quickly and relatively easily.Succeed quickly and relatively easily. US participation is a marked departure from US participation is a marked departure from

traditional policy of not becoming entangled in traditional policy of not becoming entangled in foreign disputesforeign disputes..

Open Door CorollaryOpen Door Corollary

Europeans vindictive and exact harsh Europeans vindictive and exact harsh reparations reparations What does US do with its share? What does US do with its share? How does China react?How does China react? How does this affect US-China relationship? How does this affect US-China relationship?

Hay is afraid the Europeans, with troops on Hay is afraid the Europeans, with troops on Chinese soil, wont pull them back out and will Chinese soil, wont pull them back out and will carve up China into colonies.carve up China into colonies.

Hay expands open door policy. How? Hay expands open door policy. How? Europeans pull out. Why?Europeans pull out. Why?

KICKING TEDDY UPSTAIRSKICKING TEDDY UPSTAIRS

Teddy Roosevelt a national Teddy Roosevelt a national hero and star. hero and star.

Easily elected Governor of Easily elected Governor of NY. NY.

NY political machine hated NY political machine hated him. him. Why? Why?

Scheme to nominate him as Scheme to nominate him as VP.VP.

TR doesn’t want the job but TR doesn’t want the job but got stuck with it. How? got stuck with it. How? Why?Why?

Election of 1900Election of 1900

McKinley is renominated easily. He is McKinley is renominated easily. He is very popular. Why?very popular. Why? Won a war, Won a war, Won territory for the USWon territory for the US Reestablished the Gold Standard on firm Reestablished the Gold Standard on firm

footingfooting Ushered in economic prosperity. Ushered in economic prosperity.

Republican Platform?Republican Platform? Gold Standard, expansionism and prosperity.Gold Standard, expansionism and prosperity.

Election of 1900Election of 1900

Democrats nominate Bryan againDemocrats nominate Bryan again Bryan strategy to make the campaign one Bryan strategy to make the campaign one

about Imperialism didn’t work wellabout Imperialism didn’t work well McKinley wins by nearly 1 Mill. votes and McKinley wins by nearly 1 Mill. votes and

292-155 in the electoral vote. 292-155 in the electoral vote. Is this a mandate for Imperialism?Is this a mandate for Imperialism?

Election of 1900Election of 1900

TR: Brandisher Of The Big StickTR: Brandisher Of The Big Stick

Six months into his Six months into his second term, McKinley is second term, McKinley is assassinated. assassinated.

TR suddenly president to TR suddenly president to the horror of the the horror of the conservative, eastern, conservative, eastern, moneyed arm of the moneyed arm of the party. party.

Roosevelt a reformer, but Roosevelt a reformer, but McKinley elected on the McKinley elected on the idea of standing pat. idea of standing pat.

TR tries to calm fears. TR tries to calm fears. How?How?

Columbia Blocks The CanalColumbia Blocks The Canal

TR was an internationalist. He believed TR was an internationalist. He believed America needed to be engaged in America needed to be engaged in overseas matters.overseas matters.

The Spanish-American War showed need The Spanish-American War showed need for a canal somewhere in Central America.for a canal somewhere in Central America. Acquisition of Pacific territories.Acquisition of Pacific territories. Trade to California and EastTrade to California and East

TR determined to get Canal Built.TR determined to get Canal Built. Three ProblemsThree Problems

Barriers to BuildingBarriers to Building

Legal issues: Legal issues: Clayton-Bulwer TreatyClayton-Bulwer Treaty. . Technological issues: Technological issues:

French had failed in Panama building sea-French had failed in Panama building sea-level canal. Mud slides, Yellow Fever.level canal. Mud slides, Yellow Fever.

Where to Build?Where to Build? Senate ultimately chose Panama over Senate ultimately chose Panama over

NicaraguaNicaragua

Columbia BalksColumbia Balks

Panama is a province of Panama is a province of Columbia. Columbia.

America negotiates America negotiates treaty with Columbian treaty with Columbian ambassador. ambassador. Treaty is very favorable to Treaty is very favorable to

the US. the US. Columbian Senate Columbian Senate

rejects and demands rejects and demands more money.more money.

TR furious. Why?TR furious. Why?

Uncle Sam Creates PanamaUncle Sam Creates Panama

Panamanians revolted many timesPanamanians revolted many times Upset by the potential loss of the CanalUpset by the potential loss of the Canal

French agents of old Canal Company were also French agents of old Canal Company were also displeased.displeased.

French agents foment a rebellion and raises a French agents foment a rebellion and raises a token rebel force.token rebel force.

Panamanians “revolt” 11/3/1903Panamanians “revolt” 11/3/1903 US warship prevents Columbia from respondingUS warship prevents Columbia from responding TR quickly recognizes new Panamanian gov. TR quickly recognizes new Panamanian gov.

and gets treaty for canaland gets treaty for canal

Building the CanalBuilding the Canal

Canal started in 1904 and finished in 1914. Canal started in 1904 and finished in 1914. Huge engineering feat. .Huge engineering feat. .

George Washington GoethalsGeorge Washington Goethals

Disease is as big a problem as engineering. Disease is as big a problem as engineering. William C. GorgasWilliam C. Gorgas

Canal costs 400 Mill.Canal costs 400 Mill. Canal a symbol of what Americans could do with Canal a symbol of what Americans could do with

daring and use of technology.daring and use of technology.

Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal

TR in Panama(Construction

begins in 1904)

TR in Panama(Construction

begins in 1904)

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

Why are European countries unhappy with Why are European countries unhappy with many Latin American Nations?many Latin American Nations?

What does Germany threaten?What does Germany threaten? Why does TR oppose this?.Why does TR oppose this?. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe

Doctrine. Doctrine. 1905, US invades Dominican Republic.1905, US invades Dominican Republic. Pros and Cons of policy?Pros and Cons of policy?

The Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary to the to the

Monroe Doctrine: Monroe Doctrine: 1905 1905

The Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary to the to the

Monroe Doctrine: Monroe Doctrine: 1905 1905

Chronic wrongdoing… Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately elsewhere, ultimately require intervention require intervention by some civilized by some civilized nation, and in the nation, and in the Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere the adherence of the the adherence of the United States to the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may Monroe Doctrine may force the United force the United States, however States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of suchcases of such wrongdoing or wrongdoing or impotence, to the impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower .

Roosevelt On The World StageRoosevelt On The World Stage

1904 War between Japan and Russia. 1904 War between Japan and Russia. Japan running out of men and money.Japan running out of men and money. Japan secretly approaches TR and asks him to Japan secretly approaches TR and asks him to

negotiate a peace treaty.negotiate a peace treaty. He brings the parties to US and rams through a He brings the parties to US and rams through a

treatytreaty TR gets Nobel Peace Prize, but both Japan and TR gets Nobel Peace Prize, but both Japan and

Russian grow hostile to the US.Russian grow hostile to the US. Japan starts to emerge as a rival to US interests Japan starts to emerge as a rival to US interests

in the far east.in the far east.

Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World

Japanese Laborers In CaliforniaJapanese Laborers In California

Many Japanese moved to California to farm in Many Japanese moved to California to farm in the lush valleys.—70,000the lush valleys.—70,000

Californians were nervous about “Yellow Peril.”Californians were nervous about “Yellow Peril.” SF school board ordinance SF school board ordinance Japanese government protested.Japanese government protested. TR summoned school board to White House. TR summoned school board to White House.

TR got Japanese to secretly agree to limit emigration TR got Japanese to secretly agree to limit emigration to US to US

School board rescinded their segregation policy.School board rescinded their segregation policy.

Great White FleetGreat White Fleet

TR sends the entire TR sends the entire navy battle fleet on a navy battle fleet on a tour of foreign ports, tour of foreign ports, including Japanincluding Japan

Reception in Japan. Reception in Japan. Root-Takahira Root-Takahira

agreement of 1908.agreement of 1908.