England and England and ConstitutionalismConstitutionalism

The Stuarts and the Road to The Stuarts and the Road to Limited MonarchyLimited Monarchy

What happened after Elizabeth I?What happened after Elizabeth I?

Remember – Elizabeth was Remember – Elizabeth was the “virgin” queen and left the “virgin” queen and left no heirs to the throne.no heirs to the throne.

She also left her successor a She also left her successor a huge debt that they would huge debt that they would have to pay for.have to pay for.

Her closest living relative Her closest living relative was her cousin James was her cousin James Stuart, King of Scotland.Stuart, King of Scotland.

James Stuart became King James Stuart became King James I of England in 1603 James I of England in 1603 ruling over both England ruling over both England and Scotland.and Scotland.

James I of EnglandJames I of England James inherited the financial James inherited the financial

problems of Elizabeth.problems of Elizabeth. His worst struggles with His worst struggles with

Parliament was over money.Parliament was over money. The Puritans hoped James The Puritans hoped James

would reform the English would reform the English Church to rid the church of all Church to rid the church of all Catholic practices. Catholic practices.

James refused to reform the James refused to reform the church which angered the church which angered the PuritansPuritans

Agreed to a new translation of Agreed to a new translation of the bible, The King James the bible, The King James BibleBible

Charles ICharles I

Charles I, son of James I, took Charles I, son of James I, took the throne in 1625the throne in 1625

Always needed money from Always needed money from Parliament due to war and Parliament due to war and when Parliament refused, he when Parliament refused, he dissolved the Parliamentdissolved the Parliament

He was forced to sign the He was forced to sign the Petition of Right to receive Petition of Right to receive the money from Parliament, the money from Parliament, however he ignored it and however he ignored it and imposed fees and fines on the imposed fees and fines on the English people to raise English people to raise money.money.

The Petition of RightThe Petition of Right What did Parliament want from the King?What did Parliament want from the King?

1.1. He would not imprison subjects without due He would not imprison subjects without due cause.cause.

2.2. He would not levy taxes without Parliaments He would not levy taxes without Parliaments consent.consent.

3.3. He would not house soldiers in private He would not house soldiers in private homes.homes.

4.4. He would not impose martial law in peace He would not impose martial law in peace time.time.

The English Civil War 1642 - 1649The English Civil War 1642 - 1649 In 1641 Parliament passed laws In 1641 Parliament passed laws

to limit royal power. to limit royal power. Charles fled London and tried to Charles fled London and tried to

raise an army in the north of raise an army in the north of England where people were England where people were loyal to himloyal to him

Royalists or Cavaliers – those Royalists or Cavaliers – those who remained loyal to the kingwho remained loyal to the king

Roundheads – Puritans that Roundheads – Puritans that supported Parliamentsupported Parliament

General Oliver Cromwell and General Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army captured the New Model Army captured the King in 1647 and in 1649 the King in 1647 and in 1649 found him guilty of treason and found him guilty of treason and sentenced him to deathsentenced him to death

Cromwell’s Rule of EnglandCromwell’s Rule of England Oliver Cromwell abolished Oliver Cromwell abolished

the monarchy and the monarchy and established a commonwealth established a commonwealth with a constitution.with a constitution.

Cromwell eventually ruled as Cromwell eventually ruled as a ruthless military dictator.a ruthless military dictator.

Cromwell ruthlessly stamped Cromwell ruthlessly stamped out rebellion in Irelandout rebellion in Ireland

Made Puritan reforms on Made Puritan reforms on English society. Abolished English society. Abolished theater, sporting events, and theater, sporting events, and dancing.dancing.

He died in 1658 and his He died in 1658 and his government collapsed and a government collapsed and a new Parliament was new Parliament was selected.selected.

Charles II – The RestorationCharles II – The RestorationParliament passed the Parliament passed the

writ of habeas corpus writ of habeas corpus Writ of Habeas Corpus a Writ of Habeas Corpus a

monarch (or government) monarch (or government) can not put someone in can not put someone in jail simply for opposing jail simply for opposing the ruler (or government) the ruler (or government) and can not hold them and can not hold them indefinitely without a indefinitely without a trialtrial

English PoliticsEnglish Politics

Charles had no heirs, so Parliament decided Charles had no heirs, so Parliament decided that his brother James II, a Catholic, would that his brother James II, a Catholic, would take the throne.take the throne.

The opposition that resulted to this decision The opposition that resulted to this decision created two groups that became England’s first created two groups that became England’s first political parties.political parties.

Whigs – opposed James IIWhigs – opposed James IITories – supported James IITories – supported James II

James IIJames II James offended his James offended his

subjects by displaying his subjects by displaying his Catholicism.Catholicism.

When Parliament When Parliament protested, James protested, James dissolved Parliament dissolved Parliament

Parliament asked James’ Parliament asked James’ Protestant daughter Mary Protestant daughter Mary and her husband Prince and her husband Prince William of Orange to William of Orange to overthrow James for the overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism.sake of Protestantism.

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution In 1688 William led his army to In 1688 William led his army to

London and James fled to France. London and James fled to France. Many of the English soldiers joined Many of the English soldiers joined

Williams’ army and the others Williams’ army and the others surrendered without a fight.surrendered without a fight.

This Glorious Revolution is also This Glorious Revolution is also known as the Bloodless Revolution.known as the Bloodless Revolution.

William and MaryWilliam and Mary

William and MaryWilliam and Mary and the English Bill of and the English Bill of RightsRights

William and Mary vowed to recognize William and Mary vowed to recognize Parliament as their partner in governingParliament as their partner in governing

England became a Constitutional England became a Constitutional MonarchyMonarchy

The English Bill of Rights was adopted The English Bill of Rights was adopted which limited the power of the which limited the power of the monarchy monarchy

The cabinet was created to help with The cabinet was created to help with conflict between the monarch and the conflict between the monarch and the Parliament..Parliament..