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Conjunctions What is a conjunction?  A co njunction is a part of speec h that is used to connect w ords, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Conjunctions are considered to be invariable grammar particle, and they may or may not stand between items they conjoin. There are several different types of conjunctions that do various jobs within sentence structures. These include: 1. Subordinating conjunctions Also nown as subordinators, these conjunctions join dependent clauses to independent clauses. !. Coordinating  conjunction – Also nown as coordinators, these conjunctions coordinate or join two or more sentences, main clauses, words, or other parts of speech which are of the same syntactic importance. ". Correlative conjunction – These conjunctions correlate, woring in pairs to  join phrases or words that carry e #ual importance within a sentence. $. Conjunctive adverbs – %hile some instructors do not teach conjunctive adverbs alongside conjunctions, these important parts of speech are worth a mention here. These adverbs always connect one clause to another, and are used to show se#uence, contrast, cause and effect, and other relationships. %hen people first learn to write, they usually begin with short, basic sentences lie these: &My name is Ted. I am a boy. I like dogs.”  'ne of the most important jobs conjunctions do is to connect these short sentences so they sound more lie this: & I am a boy named Ted, and I like dogs.” There are a few important rules for using conjunctions. (emember them and you will find that your writing flows better:

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Conjunctions

What is a conjunction? 

 A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or

sentences. Conjunctions are considered to be invariable grammar particle, and they

may or may not stand between items they conjoin.

There are several different types of conjunctions that do various jobs within sentencestructures. These include:

1. Subordinating conjunctions – Also nown as subordinators, these

conjunctions join dependent clauses to independent clauses.

!. Coordinating  conjunction – Also nown as coordinators, these conjunctions

coordinate or join two or more sentences, main clauses, words, or other parts

of speech which are of the same syntactic importance.

". Correlative conjunction – These conjunctions correlate, woring in pairs to

 join phrases or words that carry e#ual importance within a sentence.

$. Conjunctive adverbs – %hile some instructors do not teach conjunctive

adverbs alongside conjunctions, these important parts of speech are worth a

mention here. These adverbs always connect one clause to another, and are

used to show se#uence, contrast, cause and effect, and other relationships.

%hen people first learn to write, they usually begin with short, basic sentences lie

these: &My name is Ted. I am a boy. I like dogs.”  'ne of the most important jobs

conjunctions do is to connect these short sentences so they sound more lie this: & I

am a boy named Ted, and I like dogs.” 

There are a few important rules for using conjunctions. (emember them and you will

find that your writing flows better:

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1. Conjunctions are for connecting thoughts, actions, and ideas as well as

nouns, clauses, and other parts of speech. )or e*ample: Mary went to the

supermarket and  bought oranges.

!. Conjunctions are useful for maing lists. )or e*ample: We made pancakes,

eggs,and  coffee for breakfast.

". %hen using conjunctions, mae sure that all the parts of your sentences

agree. )or e*ample: &I work busily yet  am careful” does not agree. &I work

busily yet carefully” shows agreement.

 

Examples of Conjunctions

There are only a few common conjunctions, yet these words are used to connect

words and phrases in writing of all inds. The conjunctions commonly used in

 American +nglish are:

 And

 As

ecause

ut

)or 

'r 

-or 

o

/et

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0n the following e*amples, the conjunctions are italicied for easy recognition.

• 0 tried to hit the nail but  hit my thumb instead.• 0 have two goldfish and  a cat.

• 02d lie a bie for  commuting to wor.

• /ou can have peach ice cream or  a brownie sundae.

• -either the blac dress nor the gray one loos right on me.

• 3y dad always wored hard so we could afford the things we wanted.

• 0 try very hard in school yet  0 am not receiving good grades.

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1. Subordinating Conjunctions

What is a subordinating conjunction? 

ubordinating conjunctions are parts of speech that join dependent clauses to

independent clauses. ometimes referred to as subordinators or subordinate

conjunctions, these important words and phrases may also introduce adverb

clauses.

ubordinating conjunctions are essential parts of comple* sentences with include at

least two clauses, with one of the clauses being main 4independent5 and the other

being subordinate 4dependent5.

There is only one rule to remember about using subordinate conjunctions:

 A subordinate conjunction performs two functions within a sentence. )irst, it

illustrates the importance of the independent clause. econd, it provides a transition

between two ideas in the same sentence. The transition always indicates a  place,

time, or cause and effect  relationship. )or e*ample: %e looed in the metal canister ,

where6inger often hides her candy.

Subordinating Conjunctions List

There are many subordinating conjunctions. This list contains !7 of those most

commonly used.

 After 

 Although

 As

 As soon as

ecause

efore

y the time

+ven if 

+ven though

+very time

0f 

0n case

-ow that

'nce

ince

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o that

Than

The first time

8nless

8ntil

%hen

%henever 

%hether or not

%hile

%hy

Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions

0n the following e*amples, the subordinating conjunctions have been italicied for

easy identification.

 As herri blew out the candles atop her birthday cae, she caught her hair on fire.

ara begins to sneee whenever  she opens the window to get a breath of fresh air.

When the doorbell rang, my dog eeter bared loudly.

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2. Correlative Conjunctions

What is a correlative conjunction? 

 As suggested by their name, correlative conjunctions correlate, woring in pairs to

 join phrases or words that carry e#ual importance within a sentence. 9ie many of

the most interesting parts of speech, correlative conjunctions are fun to use. At the

same time, there are some important rules to remember for using them correctly. 0n

these e*amples, the correlative conjunctions are bold.

1. %hen using correlative conjunctions, ensure verbs agree so your sentences

mae sense.

• )or e*ample: Every night, either  loud music or  fighting neighbors

wake ohn from his sleep.

!. %hen you use a correlative conjunction, you must be sure that pronouns

agree.

• )or e*ample: Neither  !ebra nor  "ally e#pressed her annoyance when

the cat broke the anti$ue lamp.

". %hen using correlative conjunctions, be sure to eep parallel structure intact.

+#ual grammatical units need to be incorporated into the entire sentence.

• )or e*ample: Not only did Mary grill burgers for

Michael, but she also fi#ed a steak for her dog, %inny.

Correlative Conjunctions ist 

There are many pairs of correlative conjunctions. This list contains many of the most

commonly ased pairs.

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 As as

oth and

+ither or 

;ardly when

0f then

<ust as so

-either nor 

-ot only but also

-o sooner than

-ot but

(ather than

carcely when

%hat with and

%hether or 

 

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

• 0n the following e*amples, the correlative conjunctions have been italicied for 

easy identification.

• he is both intelligent and  beautiful.

• 0 will either go for a hie or  stay home and watch T=.

• <erry is neither  rich nor  famous.

• ;e is not only intelligent, but also very funny.

• %ould you rather  go shopping or spend the day at the beach>

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3. Coordinating Conjunctions

What is a coordinating conjunction? 

Coordinating conjunctions coordinate or join two or more sentences, main clauses,

words, or other parts of speech which are of the same syntactic importance. Also

nown as coordinators, coordinating conjunctions are used to give e#ual emphasis

to a pair of main clauses.

 As there are only seven of these words, there are just a few rules for using

coordinating conjunctions correctly:

1. 0t2s a good idea to use the mnemonic &)A-'/? to memorie coordinating

conjunctions so you2ll never forget them. They are:

• F @ for 

• A @ and

N @ nor • B @ but

• O@ or 

•  Y @ yet

• S @ so

!. Coordinating conjunctions always connect phrases, words, and clauses. )or

e*ample: This batch of mushroom stew is savory and  delicious.". ome instructors warn that starting a sentence with a coordinating conjunction

is incorrect. 3ostly, this is because they are attempting to help prevent you

from writing fragments rather than complete sentences sometimes though,

it2s just a personal preference. The fact is, you can begin sentences with

coordinating conjunctions as long as you follow these three rules for doing so:

• +nsure that the coordinating conjunction is immediately followed by a

main clause

• Bon2t use coordinating conjunctions to begin all of your sentences. Bo

so only when it maes your writing more effective.

•  Although commas typically follow coordinating conjunctions used in

areas other than the beginning of a sentence, they should not be used

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after coordinating conjunctions used to open sentences unless an

interrupter immediately follows.

Examples of Coordinating Conjunctions

0n the following e*amples, the coordinating conjunctions have been italicied for

easy identification.

1. /ou can eat your cae with a spoon or for.!. 3y dog enjoys being bathed but  hates getting his nails trimmed.". ill refuses to eat peas, nor  will he touch carrots.$. 0 hate to waste a drop of gas, for  it is very e*pensive these days.7.

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4. Conjunctive adverbs

What is a conjunctive adverb? 

Conjunctive adverbs are parts of speech that are used to connect one clause to

another. They are also used to show se#uence, contrast, cause and effect, and other 

relationships.

9ie other adverbs, conjunctive adverbs may be moved around in the sentence or

clause in which they appear. This is just one of the things you2ll need to remember

additional rules for using conjunctive adverbs follow:

1. Always use a period or semicolon before the conjunctive adverb when

separating two independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs are not strong

enough to join independent clauses without supporting punctuation.

!. 8se a comma if a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so appears between the

conjunctive adverb and the first clause.

". 8se a comma behind conjunctive adverbs when they appear at the beginning

of a sentence2s second clause. The only e*ception to this rule is that no

comma is necessary if the adverb is a single syllable.

$. 0f a conjunctive adverb appears in the middle of a clause, it should be

enclosed in commas most of the time. This is not an absolute rule and does

not normally apply to short clauses.

Conjunctive adverbs ist 

7. There are many conjunctive adverbs – in fact, there are many more of these

than there are common conjunctions. ;ere is a comprehensive list of conjunctive

adverbs.

. Accordingly D. Additionally E. Again

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F. Almost

1G.Anyway

11. As a result

1!.esides

1".Certainly

1$.Comparatively

17.Conse#uently

1.Contrarily

1D.Comparatively

1E.Conse#uently

1F.Conversely

!G.+lsewhere

!1.+#ually

!!.+ventually

!".)inally

!$.)urther 

!7.)urthermore

!.;ence

!D.;enceforth

!E.;owever 

!F.0n addition

"G.0n comparison

"1.0n contrast

"!.0n fact

"".0ncidentally

"$.0ndeed

"7.0nstead

".<ust as

"D.9iewise

"E.3eanwhile

"F.3oreover 

$G.-amely

$1.-evertheless

$!.-e*t

$".-onetheless

$$.-otably

$7.-ow

$.'n the other

hand

$D.'therwise

$E.(ather 

$F.imilarly

7G.till

71.ubse#uently

7!.That is

7".Then

7$.Thereafter 

77.Therefore

7.Thus

7D.8ndoubtedly

7E.8ni#uely

7F.

G.

!"#Examples of Conjunctive adverbs

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!.The conjunctive adverbs in the following e*amples have been italicied for

easy identification.

• <eremy ept taling in class therefore, he got in trouble.

• he went into the store however, she didn2t find anything she wanted to buy.

• 0 lie you a lot in fact , 0 thin we should be best friends.

• /our dog got into my yard in addition, he dug up my petunias.

• /ou2re my friend nonetheless, 0 feel lie you2re taing advantage of me.

• 3y car payments are high on the other hand, 0 really enjoy driving such a

nice vehicle.

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63. Adverb$.

&'.What is an adverb? 

.An adverb is a word that is used to change or #ualify the meaning of an

adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or

phrase with the e*ception of determiners and adjectives that directly modify

nouns.

D.Traditionally considered to be a single part of speech, adverbs perform a wide

variety of functions, which maes it difficult to treat them as a single, unified

category. Adverbs normally carry out these functions by answering #uestionssuch as:

1. %hen> he always arrives early.

!. ;ow> ;e drives carefully .

". %here> They go everywhere together.

$. 0n what way> he eats slowly .

7. To what e*tent> 0t is terribly  hot.

E.This is called adverbial function and may be accomplished by adverbial

clauses and adverbial phrases as well as by adverbs that stand alone.

F. There are many rules for using adverbs, and these rules often depend

upon which type of adverb you are using. (emember these basics, and using

adverbs to mae sentences more meaningful will be easier for you.

1. Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. -otice that the second of thesetwo sentences is much more interesting simply because it contains an adverb:

• The dog ran. 4/ou can picture a dog running, but you don2t really now

much more about the scene.5

• The dog ran e#citedly . 4/ou can picture a dog running, wagging its tail,

panting happily, and looing glad to see its owner. /ou can paint a

much more interesting picture in your head when you now how or why

the dog is running.5

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!. Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters &Hly? to adjectives. This maes

is very easy to identify adverbs in sentences. There are many e*ceptions to

this ruleeverywhere, nowhere, and upstairs are a few e*amples.

". An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the meaning it

conveys. )or e*ample:

• ;e plays tennis well. 4;e nows how to play tennis and sometimes he

wins.5

• ;e plays tennis e*tremely well. 4;e nows how to play tennis so well

that he wins often.5

$. As you read the following adverb e*amples, you2ll notice how these useful

words modify other words and phrases by providing information about the

place, time, manner, certainty, fre#uency, or other circumstances of activitydenoted by the verbs or verb phrases in the sentences.

().Examples of Adverbs

D1.As you read each of the following adverb e*amples, note that the adverbs

have been italicied for easy identification. Consider how replacing the

e*isting adverbs with different ones would change the meaning of each

sentence.

D!.he was waling rapidly .

D".The ids love playing together  in the sandbo*.

D$.Ilease come inside now .

D7.;is joes are always very  funny.

D./ou don2t really  care, do you>

DD.

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DE.

1. Adverb Clauses(*.What is an adverb clause? 

EG.An adverb clause is a group of words that is used to change or #ualify the

meaning of an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type

of word or phrase with the e*ception of determiners and adjectives that

directly modify nouns.

E1.Adverb clauses always meet three re#uirements:

1. )irst, an adverb clause always contains a subject and a verb.

!. econd, adverb clauses contain subordinate conjunctions that prevent them

from containing complete thoughts and becoming full sentences.

". Third, all adverb clauses answer one of the classic &adverb #uestions:?

%hen> %hy> ;ow>%here>

82.

+. Adverb Clauses ist 

E$.%hen creating adverb clauses, feel free to be creative. The following

e*amples will help you get started.

$. +ven when 02m sic

7. %hen you have finished

woring

. %henever you lie

D. %herever we prefer 

E. ince 0 returned from vacation

F. As she was not there

1G.ince you always do well

11. efore entering high school

1!.After 0 return

1".o that he would understand

1$.

-'.Examples of Adverb Clauses

1.As you read the following adverb clause e*amples, you2ll notice how these

useful phrases modify other words and phrases by providing interesting

information about the place, time, manner, certainty, fre#uency, or other

circumstances of activity denoted by the verbs or verb phrases in the

sentences. %hile adverb clauses are slightly more complicated than simple

adverbs, they are worth learning about.

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1D.The adverb clauses in these e*amples are italicied for easy identification.

1E.<ennifer scrubbed the bathtub until her arms ached . 4This adverb clause

describes how <ennifer scrubbed.5

1F.The dogs started chasing my car once they saw it turn the corner . 4This

adverb clause describes when the dogs started chasing my car.5

!G. fter having my wisdom teeth out , 0 had a milshae for dinner because 0

couldn2t chew anything. 4This adverb clause describes why 0 had a milshae

for dinner.5

!1.

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!!.

2. Adverbs of Frequency/.What is an adverb of fre$uency? 

!$.Adverbs that change or #ualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us how

often or how fre#uently something happens are defined as adverbs of

fre#uency.

!7.An adverb of fre#uency is e*actly what it sounds lie – an adverb of time.

 Adverbs of fre#uency always describe how often something occurs, either in

definite or indefinite terms. An adverb that describes definite fre#uency is one

such as weely, daily, or yearly. An adverb describing indefinite fre#uencydoesn2t specify an e*act time frame e*amples are sometimes, often, and

rarely.

!.These simple rules for adverbs of fre#uency will help you to use them

correctly:

1. Always use adverbs of fre#uency to discuss how often something happens.

!. Adverbs of fre#uency are often used to indicate routine or repeated activities,

so they are often used with the present simple tense.

". 0f a sentence has only one verb, place the adverb of fre#uency in the middle

of the sentence so that it is positioned after the subject but before the verb.

)or e*ample: Tom never flies. ;e always taes the bus.

$. %hen a sentence contains more than one verb, place the adverb of fre#uency

before the main verb. )or e*ample: They have often visited +urope.

7. %hen using an adverb of fre#uency in the negative or in forming a #uestion,

place it before the main verb. )or e*ample: Bo you usually get up so late>/(. Adverbs of %re$uency ist 

!E.This list of adverbs of fre#uency contains many of the most common eep in

mind though that there are many other words which can serve in this capacity.

. Always

D. Annually

E. Constantly

F. Baily1G.+ventually

11. +ver 

1!.)re#uently

1".6enerally

1$.;ourly17.0nfre#uently

1.9ater 

1D.3onthly

1E.-ever 

1F.-e*t!G.-ightly

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!1.-ormally

!!.-ow

!".'ccasionally

!$.'ften

!7.Juarterly!.(arely

!D.(egularly

!E.ometimes

!F.oon

"G.Then

"1.Today"!.Tonight

"".%eely

"$./early

"7./esterday

"./et

"D.

+.Examples of Adverbs of %re$uency 

"F.+ach sentence contains an e*ample of an adverb of fre#uency the e*amples

are italicied for easy identification.

$G.The incubator turns each egg hourly .

$1.%e tae a vacation at least once annually .

$!.0 usually  shop for groceries on aturday mornings.

$".;e is often late for wor.

$$.%e seldom see <ohn.

$7.3y dentist told me 0 should floss twice daily .

$.

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$D.

3. Adverbs of Manner0+.What is an adverb of manner? 

$F.Adverbs of manner describe how something happens. )or e*ample, it is

possible to wal or run at different speeds. The words used to describe

waling or running at different speeds 4#uicly or slowly for e*ample5 are

e*cellent e*amples of adverbs of manner. They help the reader gain greater

insight into the way a written scene is playing out. Comparing the following

sentences will help you to understand how these adverbs change the overall

meaning of the sentences they2re found in.

• The boys ran. 4There is no adverb of manner in this sentence, so we can only

imagine how fast the boys are running.5

• The boys ran quickl. 4The adverb of manner is #uicly. 0t tells us that the

boys are in a hurry.5

• The boys were tired, so they ran more slo!l than before. 4The adverb of

manner is slowly. 0t tells us that the boys are running, but they aren2t covering

as much ground as they were before.5

7G.There are a few rules to remember regarding adverbs of manner:

1. %hen using these adverbs, be careful not to place them between the object

and the verb. They often fit best after the sentence2s object or main verb.

!. 0f there is a preposition before the object, the adverb of manner may be

placed either before the preposition or after the sentence2s object.

". Add emphasis by placing an adverb of manner before both the verb and

object, and when these adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence,

they catch the reader2s attention.

$. As you read the following e*amples of adverbs of manner, you will notice howthe same adverb can lend different meanings to sentences containing nearly

the e*act same set of words.

'-. Adverbs of &anner ist 

7!.The following list of adverbs of manner contains 1!" singleHword adverbs of

manner this is just a sample, as adverbs of manner actually form the largest

of all groups of adverbs.

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7". accid

ental

ly

7$. angrily

77. an*i

ously

7. aw

ward

ly

7D. badl

y

7E. beau

tifully

7F. boldl

y

G. brav

ely

1. brigh

tly

!. busil

y

". calml

y

$. caref 

ully

7. cauti

ously

. cheerfully

D. clear 

ly

E. close

ly

F. corre

ctly

DG. cruel

ly

D1. darin

gly

D!. delib

erate

ly

D". doub

tfully

D$. eage

rly

D7. easil

y

D. eleg

antly

DD. enor 

mou

sly

DE. e#ua

lly

DF. even

tually

EG. e*actly

E1. faithf 

ully

E!. fast

E". fatall

y

E$. fierc

ely

E7. fondl

y

E. foolis

hly

ED. fortu

natel

y

EE. franti

cally

EF. gene

rousl

y

FG. gentl

y

F1. gladl

y

F!. grac

efully

F". gree

dily

F$. happ

ily

F7. hard

F. hastil

y

FD. hone

stly

FE. hung

rily

FF. hurri

edly

1GG.

inade#u

ately

1G1.

ingeniou

sly

1G!.

innocent

ly

1G".

in#uisitiv

ely

1G$.

irritably

1G7.

 joyously

1G.

 justly

1GD.

indly

1GE.

laily

1GF.

loosely

11G.

loudly

111.madl

y

11!.

mortally

11".

mysterio

usly

11$.

neatly

117.

nervousl

y

11.

noisily

11D.

obedient

ly

11E.

openly

11F.

painfully

1!G.

patiently

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1!1.

perfectly

1!!.

politely

1!".

poorly

1!$.

powerful

ly

1!7.

promptly

1!.

punctual

ly

1!D.

#uicly

1!E.

#uietly

1!F.

rapidly

1"G.

rarely

1"1.

really

1"!.

reclessl

y

1"".regularly

1"$.

reluctant

ly

1"7.

repeated

ly

1".

rightfully

1"D.

roughly

1"E.

rudely

1"F.

sadly

1$G.

safely

1$1.

selfishly

1$!.

sensibly

1$".

seriously

1$$.

sharply

1$7.

shyly

1$.

silently

1$D.

sleepily

1$E.

slowly

1$F.

smoothl

y

17G.

so

171.

softly

17!.

speedily

17".

stealthily

17$.

sternly

177.

straight

17.

stupidly

17D.

successf 

ully

17E.

suddenl

y

17F.

suspicio

usly

1G.

swiftly

11.

tenderly

1!.

tensely

1".

thoughtf 

ully

1$.

tightly

17.

truthfully

1.

une*pectedly

1D.

victoriou

sly

1E.

violently

1F.

vivaciou

sly

1DG.

warmly

1D1.

wealy

1D!.

wearily

1D".

well

1D$.

wildly

1D7.

wisely

1D.

-((.

-(+. Examples of Adverbs of &anner 

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1DF. The adverb of manner in each e*ample has been italicied for easy

identification.

• ;e $uickly agreed to go to the store for mil. 4;is agreement was #uic5

•;e agreed to go to the store for mil $uickly . 4;e would go to the store#uicly5

• he $uietly  ased me to leave the room. 4;er re#uest was #uiet5

• he ased me to leave the room $uietly . 40 am not going to mae noise when 0

leave5

• The doctor woe the gently  sleeping patient. 4The patient was sleeping gently5

• The doctor gently  woe the sleeping patient. 4The doctor was gentle while

waing the patient5

1EG.

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1E1.

. Adverbs of !lace

1E!. What is an adverb of place? 

1E".  Adverbs that change or #ualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us

where things happen are defined as adverbs of place. ome instructors refer

to these words or phrases as spatial adverbs. -o matter what they are called,

these adverbs always answer one important #uestion: %here>

1E$. These simple rules for adverbs of place will help you to use them the

right way:

1. An adverb of place always tals about the location where the action of the

verb is being carried out.

!. Adverbs of place are normally placed after a sentence2s object or main verb.

". Adverbs of place can be directional. )or e*ample: 1p, down, around, away,

north, southeast 

$. Adverbs of place can refer to distances. )or e*ample: 2earby, far away, miles

apart 

7. An adverb of place can indicate an object2s position in relation to another

object. )or e*ample: 3elow, between, above, behind, through, around  and so

forth.

. 3any adverbs of place indicate movement in a particular direction and end in

the letters &Hward or Hwards?. )or e*ample: Toward, forward, backward,

homeward, westward, eastwards onwards

1E7.

1E.  Adverbs of 'lace ist 

1ED.  As you read through the e*amples this adverbs of place list contains,

thin about how they denote location or movement. %ith some consideration,

you are liely to come up with some additional terms on your own.

1EE.  Abroad

1EF.  Across

1FG.  Ahead

1F1. ac

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1F!. acwards

1F". eyond

1F$. Bown

1F7. Bownwards

1F. +astwards

1FD. +verywhere

1FE. ;ere

1FF. 0n

!GG. 0ndoors

!G1. 0nside

!G!. 'utside

!G". 'verseas

!G$. There

!G7. %est

!G. /onder 

!GD.

!GE. Examples of Adverbs of 'lace

!GF. +ach sentence contains an e*ample of an adverb of place the

e*amples are italicied for easy identification. As you read these e*amples,

you will notice that some of the adverbs of place contain more than one word.

!1G. Iut the cae there.

!11.  After a long day at wor, we headed homewards.

!1!. Ilease bring that boo here.

/-. 3y grandfather2s house is nearby.

/-0.

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/-'.

6. Adverbs of "i#e

!1. What is an adverb of time? 

!1D.  Adverbs that change or #ualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us

when things happen are defined as adverbs of time.

!1E.  An adverb of time is just what you might e*pect it to be – a word that

describes when, for how long, or how often a certain action happened. /ou

will notice that many adverbs of time are the same as adverbs of fre#uency.

There is #uite a bit of overlap between these two types of adverbs – so much

so that some instructors choose to mention one or the other but not both.

!1F. These simple rules for adverbs of time will help you to use them the

right way:

1. Adverbs of time often wor best when placed at the end of sentences. )or

e*ample:

• (obin ;ood swindled the heriff of -ottingham yesterday .

• 02m sic of living in chaos, so 02m going to clean my house tomorrow .

• /ou can change the position of an adverb of time to lend emphasis to a

certain aspect of a sentence. )or e*ample:

• 4ater (obin ;ood stole the ing2s crown. 4The time is the most important

element here.5

• (obin ;ood later  stole the ing2s crown. 4This is a formal way to use the

adverb later . -otice how the statement sounds lie it belongs in a police

report.5

• (obin ;ood stole the ing2s crown later. 4This is a neutral, standard way to

use the adverb later.5

!. Adverbs of time describing for how long an action occurred usually wor

best at the end of a sentence. )or e*ample:

• he stayed at her grandmother2s house all day.

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• 3y father was up with heartburn for hours.

". Adverbs of time that e*press an e*act number of times the action happens

usually wor best at the end of a sentence. )or e*ample:

• The newspaper arrives daily .

• They go out to dinner weekly .

• 'ur family goes on an outing monthly.

1. %hen using more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use

them in the following order:

• ;ow long

• ;ow often

• %hen

!!G.

//-. )or e*ample: he volunteered at the hospital 415 for three

days 4!5 every month 4"5last year.

!!!.  Adverbs of (ime ist 

!!".  After reading this list of adverbs of time, you may be able to come upwith several more on your own. (emember that adverbs of time always tell us

when, how long, and how often something happens.

!!$. "#en$

!!7. /esterday

!!. Today

!!D. Tomorrow

!!E. 9ater 

!!F. 9ast year 

!"G. -ow

!"1. %o!

long$

!"!.  All

morning

!"". )or hours

!"$. ince last

wee

!"7. %o!

o&ten$

!". )re#uentl

y

!"D. -ever 

!"E. ometime

s

!"F. 'ften

!$G.  Annually

!$1.

!$!.  

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!$". Examples of Adverbs of (ime

!$$. +ach sentence contains an e*ample of an adverb of time the

e*amples are italicied for easy identification.

!$7.  Are you coming to wor tomorrow >

!$. 02d lie to go to the movies later .

!$D. <im was so sic he spent four weeks in the hospital.

!$E.

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!$F.

$. Adverb of %egree

!7G. What is an adverb of degree? 

!71.  An adverb of degree is used to discuss the degree or intensity of an

adjective, an action, or another adverb. There are so many adverbs of degree

that it2s impossible to list them all in one short guide. ome

common e*amples of adverbs of degree follow.

•  Almost

•  Absolutely

• arely

• Completely

• Beeply

• +nough

• +normously

• +*tremely

• )airly

• )ully

• 6reatly

• ;ardly

• 0ncredibly

• Iractically

• Juite

• carcely

• omewhat

• Terribly

• =irtually

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•  Adverbs of degree are important modifiers. As you will soon see, they are

usually placed before the word they are modifying.

• Examples of Adverbs of )egree

•  Adverbs of degree allow you to be very specific when writing, no matter what

the purpose. 0n the following e*amples, the adverbs of degree have been

italicied for ease of identification.

• They were almost  finished.

• This cae is absolutely  wonderful.

• The temperature was barely  above freeing.

• 'ur driveway is completely froen.

• %e felt incredibly  lucy after winning ticets to the %orld eries.

• 3y teacher is terribly  grumpy today.

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• S&'(C)

•   *tt+,--.gingersoftare.co#-content-gra##ar/rules-

•   *tt+s,--learnenglis*.britis*council.org

•   *tt+,--.reference.co#-e0a#+le/sentences-ords-

•   *tt+,--.eclecticenglis*.co#-gra##ar-

•   *tt+,--.bbc.co.u-orldservice-learningenglis*-at#ates-

•   *tt+,--education/+ortal.co#-acade#y-lesson-