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[MUSIC] Hi everyone, I'm Ano. Now, let's have a little talk aboutone important aspect of your writing, it's intellectual property andthe ethical guidelines. What does that even mean? Let's talk at first aboutintellectual property. When you write somethingin a specific paper, you agree to give full access toall your result by the journal. You keep the basic intellectualproperty of your article, but you give away the copyright to the editor. What does this mean in practice? It means that you haverules you need to follow. Some that are specific to the journal and some are fundamental that apply toevery paper you are going to submit. What you write is no longer owned by you,but it's owned by the firm behind the journal. It is the base of publishing today. It means that you can't just copy pastepart of the text from another person or just copy paste an imagefrom another journal. This is illegal, as is downloading musicwithout paying the writers' labels. As such, citation is very important. From ascientific point of view it leads[INAUDIBLE] reader to all of the content related to the one you are talking about. But from a more basic point of view,it is all about copyrighting. Publishing is alsodifferent from a patent. As you will not have a legal right,only research. Always keep that in mind. In the same idea, look if there might be conflict ofinterest when publishing a paper. As you are probably giving access

to the results to the journal, you want to be sure there is no financialor intellectual conflict of interest. If you don't take intoaccount this advice, your article can beretracted from the journal. And more importantly,you can be prosecuted. But don't be scared, it should beeasy to take care of this problem, as you are now fully awareof the problem itself. Don't forget to check on the websiteof the journal you want to publish in. As depending on the type of paper you wantto submit, if it is an open access article or a subscription based article, youmighthave different right consenting your work. Let's have a closer looknow on the second point. The third ethical guidelines an author

has to flow when writing an article. The first thing to thinkabout is authorship. What is consideredan author of an article. There is no real definition ofthis subject, but when looking on the guidelines, you can find thatthe author is basically one person. That other role in the conception,the design, the analysis, or the writing of the study. Every author should be put inthe author names of the paper. This is really important, as researchersonly gain credit if they are on the paper. But be careful not to put everyone, even people who did not takea big part in the study. Usually the journal is going to askyou who took part on the project. And what was the work he or she was doing. That will help you tell who is important. But in the beginning,

take advices from the people in your lab, they will help you decide. The secondthing to speak about ismisconducting the paper itself. Here are a few examples. Fraud, creating a piece of paperbased on fake data, or altered data. Duplicate, submitting the paper todifferent journals in the same time, or submitting equivalent findingsin two separated papers. Or even publishing the sameresults in different journals, even if they use different languages. Citing, failure to cite the workof other related to the subject. Plagiarism, taking the work of others and

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publishing it in your own name. You should know that editors haveaccess to tool, such as plagiarism.org, that can detect if what youhave written is a plagiar. There is also specific ethic guidelines,related to specific fields. If you think about biology, one ethicalguideline might be research participant must voluntarily consent tothe research participation. But here again, just look closely at the guidelinesgivenby the journal you want to publish in. It is the best way to knowwhat they expect from you. This lecture was last oneof the first session. We described the basis ofscientific publishing. Why it is important. How to help you from what did others. What is a mechanism of publishing. How is built a journal itself fromthe [INAUDIBLE] to the abstract itself? And finally, the ethical guidelinethat are necessary to publishing. Thank you for watching, see you next time. [MUSIC]