Eurobarometer 77

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Standard Eurobarometer 77

Spring 2012

THE CRISIS

REPORT

Fieldwork: May 2012

This survey has been requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission,

Directorate-General for Communication.

http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.

The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

Standard Eurobarometer 77 / Spring 2012 TNS Opinion & Social


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STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 77 EUROPEANS, THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE CRISIS SPRING 2012

0

Standard Eurobarometer 77

Spring 2012

Europeans, the European Union and the Crisis

Survey conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of

the European Commission,Directorate-General for Communication

Survey coordinated by the European Commission,Directorate-General for Communication

Research and Speechwriting Unit


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STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 77 EUROPEANS, THE EU AND THE CRISIS SPRING 2012

1

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 2I. HASTHECRISISREACHEDITSPEAK?........................................................................................ 4II. THEIMPACTOFTHECRISISONTHEHOUSEHOLDSITUATION................................................... 9III. THEMOSTEFFECTIVEACTORSINDEALINGWITHTHECRISIS.................................................. 13IV. MEASURESTOBETAKENBYTHEEUROPEANUNION.............................................................. 201. InitiativestoimprovetheperformanceoftheEuropeaneconomy..................................... 222. Themosteffectivemeasuresfortacklingthecrisis............................................................. 25

V. AREFORMOFTHEECONOMICANDFINANCIALSYSTEM?...................................................... 281. Necessaryreformstotacklethecrisisandreducepublicdebt............................................ 282. Reformingtheeconomicandfinancialsystem................................................................... 33

VI. THEIMPACTOFTHECRISISONTHEEUANDONEUROPEANS............................................. 36ANNEXES

Technical specifications


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2

INTRODUCTION

The recommendations1 made by the European Commission to the 27 EU Member States

and to the Eurozone countries regarding national budgetary and economic policies in

2012-2013 were endorsed on 31 May 2012. They urge Member States to take more

measures to stimulate growth while bringing down unemployment and helping young

people to find work or get training. The Commission underlines the need to raise the skill

levels of the workforce, and to create jobs in the services, energy and digital sectors.

This spring 2012 Standard Eurobarometer survey (EB77) was conducted some days

before the adoption of these recommendations.

The full report on the Eurobarometer survey comprises several volumes. The first volume

presents the state of public opinion in the European Union. Four further volumes address

the Europe 2020 strategy, the European Union and the crisis, Europeans and European

citizenship and the values of Europeans. The present volume is concerned with the

economic and financial crisis.

This Standard Eurobarometer was conducted between 12 and 27 May 2012 in 34

countries or territories2: the 27 Member States of the European Union, the six candidate

countries (Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Iceland,

Montenegro and Serbia), and in the Turkish Cypriot Community in the part of the country

that is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.

32,728 people from different social and demographic backgrounds were interviewed face

to face in their homes in their mother tongue at the request of the European

Commission. The methodology used is that of the Standard Eurobarometer surveys

conducted by the Directorate-General for Communication (Research and Speechwriting

Unit)

3

. A technical note concerning the interviews carried out by the institutes within theTNS Opinion & Social network is annexed to this report. This note also describes the

confidence intervals4.

* * * * *

1http://ec.europa.eu/news/economy/120531_en.htm2Please consult the technical specifications for the exact dates of the fieldwork in each country3http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm4 The results tables are annexed. It should be noted that the total of the percentages indicated in the tables inthis report may exceed 100% when the respondent was able to choose several answers to the same question.


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3

Theabbreviationsusedinthisreportcorrespondto:ABBREVIATIONS

BE Belgium LV Latvia

CZ Czech Republic LU LuxembourgBG Bulgaria HU HungaryDK Denmark MT Malta

DE Germany NL The Netherlands

EE Estonia AT AustriaEL Greece PL PolandES Spain PT PortugalFR France RO Romania

IE Ireland SI SloveniaIT Italy SK Slovakia

CY Republic of Cyprus FI FinlandLT Lithuania SE Sweden

UK The United Kingdom

CY(tcc)

Turkish Cypriot Community

HR Croatia EU27 European Union 27 Member StatesTR Turkey

MK Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia**** EU15BE, IT, FR, DE, LU, NL, DK, UK, IE, PT, ES, EL, AT, SE,FI*

IS Iceland NMS12 BG, CZ, EE, CY, LT, LV, MT, HU, PL, RO, SL, SK**

ME MontenegroEuro

zone

BE, FR, IT, LU, DE, AT, ES, PT, IE, NL, FI, EL, EE, SI, CY,MT, SK

RS SerbiaNon-eurozone

BG, CZ, DK, LV, LT, HU, PL, RO, SE, UK

* EU15 refers to the 15 countries that formed the European Union before the 2004 and 2007 enlargements

** The NMS12 are the 12 new Member States which joined the European Union during the 2004 and 2007

enlargements

*** Cyprus as a whole is one of the 27 European Union Member States. However, the acquis communautaire

has been suspended in the part of the country which is not controlled by the government of the Republic of

Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews carried out in the part of the country controlled by the

government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the CY category and in the EU27 average. Interviews

carried out in the part of the country that is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are

included in the CY(tcc) category (tcc: Turkish Cypriot Community).

**** Provisional abbreviation which in no way prejudges the definitive name of this country, which will be

agreed once the current negotiations at the United Nations have been completed.

* * * * *

We wish to thank all the people interviewed throughout Europe

who took the time to participate in this survey.

Without their active participation, this survey would not have been possible.


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4

I. HAS THE CRISIS REACHED ITS PEAK?The last time this indicator was measured, in autumn 2011, a sharp rise in pessimism

was recorded (68%, +21 percentage points). This abrupt deterioration in public opinion

came in the wake of a steady growth, since spring 2009, in the impression that the

impact of the crisis on jobs had reached its peak. The spring 2012 survey sees a decline

in this pessimism, though it remains at high levels. Of the people interviewed, 60%

believe that the worst is yet to come5, a level similar to that recorded the first time

this question was asked in May-June 2009 (61%). Conversely, almost a third of

Europeans (30%, +7) now seem to expect the future to be brighter.

The proportion of pessimists is higher in the EU15 countries (63%, compared with 50%

in the NMS12).

5 QC1 Some analysts say that the impact of the economic crisis on the job market has already reached its peak

and things will recover little by little. Others, on the contrary, say that the worst is still to come. Which of thetwo statements is closer to your opinion? The impact of the crisis on jobs has already reached its peak; Theworst is still to come


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In 22 of the 27 Member States, a majority of respondents believe that the

impact of the crisis on the job market is still to come. Public opinion takes the

opposite view in only three countries: Denmark (51% optimists, 45% pessimists),

Estonia (50% vs 44%) and Bulgaria (42% vs 40%). Opinions are evenly divided in two

other countries: Romania (where 42% of respondents are optimistic and 42% are

pessimistic) and Austria (43% optimists and 44% pessimists). Of the six countries which

have applied to join the European Union, three demonstrate a more marked degree of

optimism (Iceland, Montenegro and Turkey, where 59%, 53% and 51% respectively say

the crisis has reached its peak) and three record significant levels of pessimism (Croatia,

the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia, where 62%, 60% and 47%

respectively say the worst is still to come).

The Member States in which citizens are most emphatically pessimistic are Portugal

(78%), Greece and Cyprus (both 77%), the United Kingdom (73%) and Spain (72%).

Pessimism has declined since autumn 2011 in 23 EU Member States, sometimes

dramatically so, as in Slovakia (49%, -22 percentage points), Denmark (45%, -20) and

the Czech Republic (54%, -20).

This fall can also be seen in the candidate countries, with the exception of the Former

Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (60%, +11).

However, three Member States have recorded an increase in pessimism since autumn

2011: Spain (72%, +2), Bulgaria (40%, +2) and Greece (77%, +1). Opinion remains

stable in Italy (62%).


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The worst is

still to come

Diff. Sp.2012

Aut.2011

The impact

of the crisis

on jobs has

already

reached itspeak

Diff. Sp.2012

Aut.2011Don't know

Diff. Sp.2012

Aut.2011

EU27 60% -8 30% +7 10% +1

EU15 63% -7 28% +6 9% +1

NMS12 50% -11 38% +11 12% =

Euro area 61% -7 29% +6 10% +1

Non euro-area 58% -9 32% +8 10% +1

BG 40% +2 42% +4 18% -6

ES 72% +2 23% -2 5% =

EL 77% +1 20% -1 3% =

IT 62% = 25% = 13% =

CY 77% -3 17% +1 6% +2

IE 60% -5 34% +5 6% =

PT 78% -6 16% +5 6% +1

SI 67% -6 29% +7 4% -1

UK 73% -6 22% +6 5% =

DE 54% -7 32% +8 14% -1

MT 56% -7 31% +6 13% +1

SE 58% -7 37% +5 5% +2

LT 53% -8 38% +7 9% +1

HU 54% -8 39% +9 7% -1

BE 65% -9 32% +9 3% =

LV 49% -9 41% +6 10% +3

AT 44% -9 43% +7 13% +2

PL 53% -9 32% +5 15% +4

LU 67% -10 28% +10 5% =

FI 62% -10 33% +10 5% =

EE 44% -11 50% +10 6% +1

RO 42% -14 42% +17 16% -3

NL 60% -16 34% +16 6% =

FR 59% -17 32% +14 9% +3

CZ 54% -20 40% +19 6% +1

DK 45% -20 51% +21 4% -1

SK 49% -22 45% +20 6% +2

CY (tcc) 64% +7 28% -3 8% -4

MK 60% +11 36% -9 4% -2

HR 62% -3 33% +3 5% =

ME 37% -8 53% +4 10% +4

IS 39% -11 59% +12 2% -1

TR 31% -15 51% +13 18% +2

RS 47% NA 39% NA 14% NA

QC1 Some analysts s ay that the impact of the economic cr isis on the job mark et has already

reached its peak and things w ill recover little by little. Others, on the contrary, say that the worst is

still to come. Which of the two statem ents is closer to your opinion?


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Although the level of pessimism remains high, a comparison of the results of

this Eurobarometer survey with those of May-June 2009 reveals some striking

changes: in 19 Member States pessimism has declined (ranging from -1 point in

Slovenia and the Netherlands to -33 points in Latvia), while eight countries have

recorded a rise (from +1 point in Malta to +15 points in Spain).


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8

Pessimism about the impact of the crisis on jobs is shared by a majority in all

categories of the European population. Nevertheless, it is most widespread among

the least advantaged groups: 66% of the unemployed (compared with 58% of

managers), 65% of the least educated (compared with 57% of the most educated) and

65% of people who regard themselves as working class (compared with 48% of those

who say they are upper class6). This is also the view of respondents aged 40 and over

(62%, compared with 53% of 15-24 year-olds) and of those who do not believe that

globalisation is an opportunity (71%, compared with 53% of those who think the

opposite).

The worst is still

to come

The impact of the

crisis on jobs has

already reached

its peak

Don't know

EU27 60% 30% 10%

15-24 53% 35% 12%

25-39 59% 33% 8%

40-54 62% 30% 8%

55 + 62% 27% 11%

15- 65% 24% 11%

16-19 61% 30% 9%

20+ 57% 35% 8%

Still studying 51% 37% 12%

Self-employed 60% 32% 8%

Managers 58% 34% 8%

Other white collars 59% 33% 8%

Manual workers 61% 31% 8%

House persons 59% 29% 12%

Unemployed 66% 26% 8%

Retired 62% 26% 12%

Students 51% 37% 12%

The working class 65% 26% 9%

The middle class 57% 34% 9%

The upper class 48% 44% 8%

Agree 53% 39% 8%

Disagree 71% 22% 7%

QC1 Some analysts s ay that the impact of the economic cr isis on the job market has alr eady

reached i ts peak and things wi ll recover l it tle by l it tle. Others, on the contrary, say that the

worst is still to come. Which of the two statements is c loser to your opinion?

Age

Education (End of)

Occupation scale

Consider belonging to

Globalisation is an opportunity

6 Note that only 731 respondents describe themselves as belonging to the upper class of society in a sampleof 26,637: just 3%, compared with 50% who say they are middle class and 42% who describe themselves asworking class.


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II. THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON THE HOUSEHOLD SITUATIONUnlike the question on emerging from the crisis, which has seen significant changes since

the Eurobarometer survey of May-June 2009, the question on the situation of households

seems to have remained stable. As in previous surveys, respondents remain

divided on the direct impact of the crisis on their household7.

The results are almost identical to those recorded during the preceding survey conducted

in autumn 2011. More than a third of respondents (35%, +1 percentage point) say that

their current situation does not allow them to make plans for the future. An unchanged

32% know what they will be doing in the next six months, and 29% (also unchanged)

have a longer-term perspective of their households (one or two years).

7 QC2 Which of the following statements best reflects your household situation? Your current situation does notallow you to make any plan for the future. You live day by day; You know what you will be doing in the nextsix months; You have a long-term perspective of what your household will be in the next 1 or 2 years; Other


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There are striking variations between countries. In particular, there is a significant

difference between respondents in the EU15 countries and in the NMS12. In the EU15,

33% know what they will be doing in the longer term (in one or two years), while only

15% do so in the NMS12 countries. Conversely, 30% (contrasting with 38% in the

NMS12) can make medium-term plans (for the next six months) and 33% (vs 42%) live

day by day. Interestingly, and despite this difference in their assessments of the future

of their households, respondents in EU15 countries are more pessimistic about the

impact of the economic crisis than those in the NMS12.

Similarly, 32% of Eurozone respondents (compared with 24% outside the Eurozone)

have a long-term perspective of their households.

The most common situation at the European level, which consists of living day

by day, is reported by an absolute majority of respondents in six Member

States: Greece (68%), Malta (67%), Cyprus (55%), Bulgaria and Hungary (both 54%)

and Portugal (53%). This is also the case in two of the six candidate countries: the

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (59%) and Serbia (53%).

Respondents are most likely to know what they will be doing in the medium

term (in the next six months) in Slovakia (45%), Poland (44%) and the Czech

Republic and Austria (both 40%).


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In some Member States in the north of Europe, the effects of the crisis seem less felt,

since an absolute majority of respondents say they have a long-term vision of

their households: in Sweden (54%), Luxembourg (51%), and the Netherlands,

Denmark and Germany (all 50%).

As was observed in the autumn 2011 survey, the least advantaged respondents are,

reasonably enough, most likely to have difficulty in making long-term plans.

Thus 47% of the least educated (compared with 24% of the most educated) say they live

day by day, as do 68% of the unemployed (compared with 13% of managers) and 74%

of people who have difficulty paying their bills most of the time (compared with 21% of

those who almost never have problems).


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It is also more likely to be the case for divorced people (49%, compared with 32% of

married respondents). This is also the answer given by 41% of those who do not think

that globalisation is an opportunity (compared with 27% of those who believe the

opposite) and by 40% of the people who say that the worst impact of the crisis on jobs is

still to come (compared with 28% of those who think the worst is behind us).

Your current

situation does not

allow you to make

any plan for the

future. You live

day by day

You know what

you will be doing

in the next six

months

You have a long-

term perspective

of what your

household will be

in the next 1 or 2

years

Other DK

EU27 35% 32% 29% 2% 2%

15- 47% 26% 23% 1% 3%

16-19 39% 31% 27% 1% 2%

20+ 24% 33% 39% 2% 2%Still studying 24% 39% 30% 2% 5%

Self-employed 32% 32% 33% 1% 2%

Managers 13% 33% 50% 2% 2%

Other white collars 28% 38% 30% 2% 2%

Manual workers 36% 34% 27% 1% 2%

House persons 44% 27% 26% 1% 2%

Unemployed 68% 18% 10% 2% 2%

Retired 37% 30% 29% 1% 3%

Students 24% 39% 30% 2% 5%

Most of the time 74% 15% 8% 1% 2%

From time to time 48% 33% 16% 1% 2%

Almost never 21% 35% 41% 1% 2%

(Re)Married 32% 32% 33% 1% 2%

Single living with a partner 33% 34% 30% 1% 2%

Single 37% 33% 25% 2% 3%

Divorced or separated 49% 24% 25% 1% 1%

Widow 48% 26% 21% 1% 4%

Agree 27% 33% 37% 1% 2%

Disagree 41% 32% 24% 1% 2%

Has reached its peak 28% 35% 35% 1% 1%The worst is still to come 40% 30% 27% 1% 2%

The impact of the crisis on jobs

Marital status

Globalisation is an opport unity

QC2 Which of the following statements best reflects your household situation?

Education (End of)

Occupation s cale

Difficulties paying bills


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III. THE MOST EFFECTIVE ACTORS IN DEALING WITH THE CRISISWho can act most effectively against the effects of the crisis?

This is the seventh time that this question8 has been asked since spring 2009. As during

previous Eurobarometer surveys, respondents were shown a list of international

institutions (the European Union, the G20 and the International Monetary Fund) and

national entities (the government and the

United States). Only one answer was

possible.

The European Union and the national

government now stand level, both

being mentioned by 21% of

respondents. Previously the European

Union was in the lead (23% in autumn

2011, compared with 20% for the national

government).

The IMF comes next with 15% (+1

percentage point), followed by the G20

(14%, -2) and the United States (7%,

+2 points).

8 QC3 In your opinion, which of the following is best able to take effective actions against the effects of thefinancial and economic crisis?: The (NATIONALITY) Government; the European Union; the United States; theG20; the International Monetary Fund (IMF); Other; None


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Respondents in the Eurozone are more likely to mention the European Union (23%, vs

19% outside). The same is true for the IMF (16% vs 12%), whereas the government is

mentioned more outside the Eurozone (25%, vs 18% in the Eurozone).

Romania records the highest rate of mentions of the national government (49%),

followed by the United Kingdom (34%) and Greece and Malta (both 29%). Turkey stands

out among the candidate countries with a score of 46% for the national government.

The national government has gained ground in 15 countries (while the results are

unchanged or down in the remaining 12). The most striking rises are seen in Romania

(49%, +13 percentage points), Portugal (24%, +11) and Greece (29%, +7), and in one

candidate country: Turkey (46%, +12).

The European Union is mentioned most often in Luxembourg (34%), Poland (30%),

and Slovakia and Belgium (both 29%). It is also the most-mentioned item in Bulgaria

and in Ireland (both 26%), Lithuania (25%), Slovenia (24%), and Germany, Spain, Italy

and Estonia (all 23%). It is mentioned in equal first place with the government in

Portugal (24%) and Austria (20%), and in joint first place with the government and theIMF in Hungary (20%).

The European Union has lost ground since autumn 2011 in 18 Member States, with the

greatest decline in Poland (30%, -9).

The effectiveness of the International Monetary Fund in tackling the crisis is most

widely recognised in Finland (35%), Cyprus (24%) and Hungary (20%). However, as in

the three previous surveys (autumn 2010, spring 2011 and autumn 2011), the IFM

receives the fewest mentions in Greece (3%, unchanged since autumn 2011), equal this

time with one of the candidate countries, Turkey. It is mentioned less often than in

autumn 2011 in 14 Member States (with the sharpest falls in Portugal, 5%, -8

percentage points, and the Netherlands, 19%, -7), cited more frequently in 11 Member

States, and stable in two.

As in autumn 2011, the G20 is most mentioned in the Czech Republic (38%, -3). It is

also mentioned by 30% of respondents in the Netherlands and by 27% in Denmark.

Conversely, the lowest scores are recorded in three of the six candidate countries:

Montenegro and Serbia (both 3%), and Turkey (5%, equal with Spain). Downward trends

were recorded for this item in 18 Member States.

The United States, still seldom mentioned at European level, is nevertheless cited

slightly more often in the Czech Republic (15%) and Denmark (13%). It is also

apparently more trusted in the candidate countries: Turkey (20%), the Former YugoslavRepublic of Macedonia (15%) and Montenegro (14%).


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The socio-demographic analysis shows that the more advantaged categories are more

likely to mention the European Union (23% of managers, compared with 20% of white-

collar workers, house persons and retired respondents), the G20 (21% of managers,

compared with 7% of house persons) and the IMF (19% of managers, compared with

11% of the unemployed). More vulnerable respondents are likelier to say that the

government is most effective (24% of the unemployed and house persons, compared

with 17% of managers).

People who recognise the effectiveness of the European Union are also more

widespread among those who think that globalisation is an opportunity (27%, vs 17% of

those who think the reverse). Conversely, 23% of those who see globalisation in a

negative light mention their government (compared with 19% of those who see it in a

positive light). Respondents who mention the European Union are also more numerous

among those who believe that the impact of the crisis on jobs has reached its peak

(27%, compared with 19% of those who say the worst is still to come).


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The effectiveness of actors in combating the crisis

Respondents were then asked whether they thought that the European Union, their

national government and the United States had in fact acted effectively to combat the

crisis9.

They are more likely to see their government (37%) and the United States

(36%) as having been effective than the European Union (33%), which changes

the order of answers in comparison with the Eurobarometer 75 survey of spring 2011. At

that stage, the European Union came first, with 44% of respondents saying that it had

acted effectively, while 38% mentioned their government and 36% the United States.

Once again, there are some significant differences between the answers given by

respondents in the EU15 countries and by those in the NMS12. EU15 respondents are more

likely to approve of the actions of their government (39%, compared with 27% in NMS12),

and are correspondingly less likely to support the actions of the United States (32%, vs

46%) and the European Union (31%, vs 48%). It is also interesting to compare the Euro

Zone and the Non-Eurzone results. The EU is more often mentioned outside the Euro Zone

(39%, compared with 32% within the Euro Zone countries). The same applies for the

United States (42%, vs 31%).

9 QC8 Since the beginning of the economic crisis, would you say that each of the following actors has acted

effectively or not to combat the crisis up till now?: The European Union; the (NATIONAL) Government; the

United States; our Community's authorities (only for the Turkish Cypriot Community).


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The national government receives an absolute majority of mentions in the north of the

EU: in Sweden (73%), Luxembourg (68%), Germany (67%), Finland (65%), Austria

(58%) and Denmark (57%), and in one candidate country - Turkey (69%). The national

government is least often seen as effective in Greece, where it was mentioned by

only 4% of respondents. The greatest increases since May 2011 were recorded in Latvia

(26%, +16 percentage points), Finland (65%, +12), France (39%, +8) and Lithuania

(21%, +8). Declines were seen in the Netherlands (46%, -21), Cyprus (12%, -19), Italy

(21%, -13), and in one candidate country, Montenegro (22%, -15).

The United States is mentioned most often in Poland (52%), Lithuania and the Czech

Republic (both 50%), the Turkish Cypriot Community (47%) and Bulgaria (46%). The

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is the candidate country in which respondents

are likeliest to acknowledge the effectiveness of the United States in combating the crisis

(59%). The greatest evolutions were seen in Austria (33%, -17), Italy (38%, -13), and

Romania (40%, -13).

The European Union is particularly cited in Romania (58%), Bulgaria (54%) and Poland

(50%), as well as by 58% of respondents in the Turkish Cypriot Community. Among thecandidate countries, its effectiveness is most recognised in the Former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia (64%) and Turkey (54%). Conversely, Cyprus (13%) and Greece (14%)

record the lowest rates of mentions of the European Union. Negative evolutions have

occurred in 25 of the 27 Member States, and in the candidate countries (except

Turkey). The most striking declines are recorded in Italy (30%, -18 percentage points),

Austria (36%, -17), Cyprus (13%, -16) and Luxembourg (42%, -15).


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IV. MEASURES TO BE TAKEN BY THE EUROPEAN UNIONThe majority of Europeans (63%) believe that the European Union has

sufficient power and tools to defend the economic interests of Europe in the

global economy10, while a little over a quarter disagree. This result shows a marked

improvement since May 2010, with an 11-point rise.

Euro Zone respondents are the most convinced (65%, compared with 59% outside the

Euro Zone).

In particular, this opinion is held by 80% of interviewees in Lithuania and by 74% in

Latvia and Portugal. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia stands out among the

candidate countries, with 73% of citizens sharing this view.

10 QC4a.8 For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you totally agree, tend to agree, tend todisagree or totally disagree. The EU has sufficient power and tools to defend the economic interests of Europein the global economy.


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The greatest positive evolutions were recorded in Portugal (74%, +26 percentage

points), Latvia (74%, +23), Lithuania (80%, +22), Germany (70%, +22) and Malta

(65%, +20).

The socio-demographic analysis reveals that this opinion is widely shared across the

different categories of the population. Thus 67% of people aged from 15 to 24 years and

60% in the 55+ age band agree that the EU has sufficient means to defend the European

economy against global competition. This opinion is also shared almost equally bymanagers (63%) and the unemployed (62%), and by people with no difficulties paying

their bills (64%) and those who do have such financial problems (58%).


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1. Initiatives to improve the performance of the European economyThe three most cited initiatives (mentioned by more than a third of respondents) are as

follows11:

- Improving education and professional training is seen as the initiativethat would most effectively improve the performance of the Europeaneconomy (46%, -2 percentage points since spring 2011).

- Recording one of the sharpest rises between the two surveys, reducingpublic deficits and debt(38%, +4) is mentioned in second position.

- And 35% of respondents (+1) think that making it easier to set up abusiness would improve the European economy.

Respondents in the EU15 countries are more likely to support improving education and

professional training (48%, vs. 40% in the NMS12) and reducing public deficits and debt

(40%, vs. 32%) in order to improve the performance of the European economy.

Improving education and professional training is mentioned in particular in

Luxembourg and Germany (both 58%), Romania (56%), Estonia and Cyprus (both

54%), and Sweden and Denmark (both 53%). This item has lost ground in 18 Member

States, with the greatest decline in Italy (30%, -10).

11 QC5 Which three initiatives could most improve the performance of the European economy? (MAX. 3

ANSWERS): Increase the number of working hours; Improve education and professional training; Invest inresearch and innovation; Make it easier for companies to access credit; Make it easier to set up a business; Use

energy more efficiently; Invest in transport (motorways, railways, etc.); Invest in environmentally friendlyproducts and services; Increase the retirement age; Reduce public deficits and debt; Strengthen regulation offinancial markets.


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The second initiative, reducing public deficits and debt, is preferred in Hungary

(52%), Cyprus (51%), France (48%) and the Czech Republic (47%). It has gained

ground in 19 Member States, in particular in Austria (42%, +14 percentage points) and

France (48%, +10).

Encouraging business creation is mentioned most often in Lithuania (58%), Spain

(52%) and Bulgaria (48%).This initiative is now cited more often in 19 Member States,with the greatest rise in Luxembourg (33%, +7).

Croatia stands out among the candidate countries, with 57% of its citizens opting to

make it easier to set up a business. In Iceland, 50% of respondents choose reducing

public deficits and debt, while in Turkey, only 9% do so.


26/43



27/43


25

2. The most effective measures for tackling the crisisThe results regarding measures for

tackling the crisis have remained

virtually unchanged since autumn 2011.

More than seven in ten respondents(76%, +1 percentage point) consider

that stronger coordination of

economic policy among all the EU

Member States would provide a

means of combating the current

economic and financial crisis.12

Almost as many (75%, unchanged)

believe that there should be stronger

coordination of economic and

financial policies among thecountries of the Euro Zone.

Finally, 71% (unchanged) of respondents would support a more important role for

the EU in regulating financial services.

Respondents within the Euro Zone are more convinced of the effectiveness of all

three of these suggested measures.For example, 79% of respondents in the Euro

Zone (compared with 69% outside) believe that stronger coordination of economic policy

among all the EU Member States would be effective. They are also more likely to support

stronger coordination of economic and financial policies among the countries of the euro

area (78%, vs. 67%), and a more important role for the EU in regulating financial

services (74%, vs. 64%).

The Member States in which respondents are most likely to say that stronger

coordination of economic policy among all the EU Member States would be

effective are Cyprus (90%) and Belgium (87%). This view has gained ground in 15

countries since autumn 2011, has declined in nine (including Hungary, 57%, -10

percentage points) and is unchanged in three.

Stronger coordination of economic and financial policies among the countries of

the Euro Zone receives most support in Cyprus (91%) and Slovakia (87%). This opinion

has made advances in 13 countries (most strikingly in France, 82%, +7), lost ground in

13 others and is stable in Belgium (85%).

12 QC6 A range of measures to tackle the current financial and economic crisis is being discussed in theEuropean institutions. For each, could you tell me whether you think it would be effective or not? A more

important role for the EU in regulating financial services; A stronger coordination of economic policy among allthe EU Member States; A stronger coordination of economic and financial policies among the countries of theeuro area.


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26

The third measure, a more important role for the EU in regulating financial

services, receives most support in Belgium (82%), Cyprus and Slovakia (both 81%),

and Spain (80%). Positive evolutions have occurred in 11 countries and negative

evolutions in 13 others, the largest fall being recorded in Hungary (57%, -10 percentage

points). Finally, results are unchanged in three countries: Belgium (82%), Slovakia

(81%) and Finland (66%).


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27

Respondents who see globalisation as an opportunity are more likely to think that

supporting stronger coordination of economic policy among all the EU Member

States would be effective (85%, compared with 70% of those who do not regard

globalisation in this light). This is also the view of 85% of the people who believe that the

impact of the crisis on jobs has reached its peak (compared with 72% of those who say

the worst is still to come). Similarly, it is the opinion of 78% of people who say that their

country needs reforms to face the future (compared with 61% who do not agree).


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28

V. A REFORM OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM?1. Necessary reforms to tackle the crisis and reduce public debt

Wo r k i n g t o g e t h er

A very large majority of respondents (89%, unchanged since the autumn 2011Eurobarometer) would support greater cooperation between the 27 Member States in

tackling the crisis.13 The need for greater cooperation is primarily expressed in Cyprus

and Slovenia (both 97%) and in Luxembourg (96%). The greatest evolutions were seen

in Austria (82%, +6 percentage points) and Italy (82%, -6).

R e fo r m t o f a c e t h e f u t u r e

Nearly nine in ten respondents (89%, +1 percentage point) also agree that their country

needs reforms to face the future. This is particularly true in Greece and Cyprus (both

96%) and Lithuania (95%). However, it is in a candidate country, Iceland (99%), that

respondents feel most strongly on this matter. The most striking evolutions were

recorded in the Netherlands (89%, +8), France (92%, +5 points), Slovakia (85%, +5)

and Luxembourg (74%, +5); the sharpest decline was recorded in Spain (92%, -5).

P u b l i c d e f i ci t s a n d d e b t

To measure attitudes to public deficits and debt, the sample was divided into two groups,

each of which was asked a differently worded question:

- One positive (SPLIT A Measures to reduce the public deficit and debt in (OURCOUNTRY) cannot be delayed).

- The other negative (SPLIT B Measures to reduce the public deficit and debtin (OUR COUNTRY) are not a priority for now).

We found that 82% of respondents agree that these measures cannot be

delayed in their country. This represents a fall of two percentage points since the last

Eurobarometer in autumn 2011. Just over one person in ten (11%, +2) disagrees.

Euro Zone respondents are more emphatic on this point (85%, compared with 78%

outside the Euro Zone), as are respondents in the EU15 countries (84%, compared with

75% in the NMS12). This view is most strongly held in Belgium and Malta (both 92%),

Slovenia (91%) and Germany (90%), compared with 62% in Romania. The greatest

evolutions are seen in Greece, where there has been a sharp decline (70%, -9

percentage points), and in France (89%, +6), Luxembourg (82%, +6), and one of the

candidate countries, Turkey (71%, +10), which have all seen an upward trend.

13 QC4a.1-7 For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you totally agree, tend to agree, tendto disagree or totally disagree: (OUR COUNTRY) needs reforms to face the future; EU Member States should

work together more in tackling the financial and economic crisis; (ONLY TO SPLIT A) Measures to reduce thepublic deficit and debt in (OUR COUNTRY) cannot be delayed; (ONLY TO SPLIT B) Measures to reduce the public

deficit and debt in (OUR COUNTRY) are not a priority for now; It is possible to reduce public deficit and debtwhile at the same time stimulating economic growth; The countries of the EU need a more solid industrial base;The countries of the EU need to develop further the services sector in their economies.


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29

When the wording is reversed (Measures to reduce the public deficit and debt

in (OUR COUNTRY) are not a priority for now), 40% of respondents (unchanged)

agree, while 53% take the opposite view.

Respondents in Lithuania (65%) and Estonia (62%) are most likely to support this

statement. The greatest evolutions have taken place in Portugal (54%, +14 percentage

points), the Czech Republic (46%, +12), Slovenia (48%, -15) and Spain (37%, -14); asteep fall was also recorded in one candidate country, Montenegro (28%, -17).

Nevertheless, an absolute majority of Europeans disagree with this statement (53%,

+2). Respondents are most likely to believe that these measures are a priority in the

EU15 countries (57%, compared with 38% in the NMS12) and in the Euro Zone (57%,

compared with 45% outside it). This to some extent confirms the results of the previous

question (SPLIT A), although the strength of opinion varies with the wording.

A m o r e s o l id i n d u s t r i a l b a s e

In this context, the consolidation of the industrial base in EU Member States is a priority

for 82% of Europeans, led by 96% of respondents in Cyprus, 93% in Latvia and 91% in

Slovakia.

De v e l o p i n g t h e s e r v i c e s s e ct o r

The services sector should be further developed in all Member States, say 78% of

Europeans, including 83% of respondents in the NMS12 countries (vs. 77% in the EU15).

This result is particularly striking in Slovakia (96%) and Cyprus (93%).

St i m u l a t in g e co n om i c g r o w t h

A majority of Europeans (68%) believe that it is possible to reduce public deficits and

debt while stimulating economic growth. This view is particularly widespread in Slovenia

(78%) and Sweden, Belgium and Slovakia (all 77%).


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30

The countries of

the EU need a

more solid

industrial base

The countries of

the EU need to

develop further the

services sector in

their economies

It is possible to

reduce public

deficit and debt

while at the same

time stimulating

economic growth

Total

'Agree'

Diff.

Sp.2012-

Aut.2011

Total

'Agree'

Diff.

Sp.2012-

Aut.2011

Total

'Agree'

Diff.

Sp.2012-

Aut.2011

Total 'Agree' Total 'Agree' Total 'Agree'Total

'Agree'

Diff.

Sp.2012-

Aut.2011

EU27 89% +1 89% = 82% -2 82% 78% 68% 40% =

BE 90% -3 93% -2 92% -1 84% 87% 77% 34% -3

BG 93% = 94% +1 69% -2 81% 82% 59% 39% -3

CZ 78% +2 89% = 81% = 83% 88% 64% 46% +12

DK 66% -4 89% +1 82% +5 74% 73% 69% 41% -3

DE 88% +1 93% -1 90% -2 77% 75% 68% 37% =

EE 85% -1 93% -2 71% -2 86% 79% 67% 62% +3

IE 90% = 88% +1 86% +4 79% 80% 59% 33% -2

EL 96% +1 91% +1 70% -9 89% 85% 62% 44% +8

ES 92% -5 94% +1 77% -6 88% 81% 60% 37% -14

FR 92% +5 94% +4 89% +6 86% 76% 73% 27% +3

IT 87% -2 82% -6 83% -2 80% 80% 70% 41% -3

CY 96% = 97% -1 83% -7 96% 93% 71% 13% -8

LV 82% -4 91% +1 83% +3 93% 73% 68% 44% -7

LT 95% +3 94% +2 80% -3 87% 86% 73% 65% +5

LU 74% +5 96% = 82% +6 87% 77% 70% 37% -1

HU 84% +1 89% -1 84% +3 88% 87% 74% 57% -6

MT 92% +3 94% +2 92% +5 81% 83% 62% 38% +10

NL 89% +8 90% = 79% +2 69% 76% 67% 27% -4

AT 77% -2 82% +6 76% -8 80% 78% 69% 40% =

PL 90% -3 89% -2 75% -7 81% 83% 66% 49% -4

PT 88% +2 87% +5 78% +1 84% 83% 73% 54% +14

RO 87% +2 85% -1 62% -3 81% 77% 66% 52% +1

SI 93% +1 97% +3 91% -2 90% 87% 78% 48% -15

SK 85% +5 95% +1 90% +2 91% 96% 77% 47% +1

FI 92% -2 89% -1 84% -4 78% 83% 65% 58% -6

SE 92% +2 91% -2 83% -2 73% 77% 77% 55% +4

UK 88% +1 87% +5 82% -2 82% 69% 65% 36% +4

CY (tcc) 90% +7 NA NA 84% +4 NA NA 58% 31% -3

HR 92% -3 NA NA 87% -2 NA NA 88% 41% =

TR 78% +7 NA NA 71% +10 NA NA 69% 58% +8

MK 86% +2 NA NA 70% +4 NA NA 62% 54% +8

IS 99% = NA NA 82% +2 NA NA 83% 40% +4

ME 91% = NA NA 79% +3 NA NA 64% 28% -17

RS 87% NA NA NA 81% NA NA NA 63% 30% NA

QC4 For each of t he following st atements , please tell me whether you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree.

(OUR COUNTRY)

needs reforms to face

the future

EU Member States

should work together

more in tackling the

financial and

economic crisis

(SPLIT A) Measures to

reduce the public

deficit and debt in

(OUR COUNTRY)

cannot be delayed

(SPLIT B) Measures to

reduce the public

deficit and debt in

(OUR COUNTRY) are

not a priority for now


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31

Respondents in more advantaged social categories and those who have spent

longest in education are generally more likely to support each of these

measures. For example, 86% of managers agree that measures to reduce the public

deficit and debt cannot be delayed, compared with 75% of the unemployed.

There are two exceptions to this general rule: the most advantaged respondents are not

the likeliest to believe that the services sector should be developed (78% of managersvs. 82% of white-collar workers); and they are just as likely as respondents in other

occupational categories to agree that the Member States need a more solid industrial

base (83% of managers, white-collar workers, manual workers and the unemployed).


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Total

'Agree'

Total

'Disagree'

Total

'Agree'

Total

'Disagree'

Total

'Agree'

Total

'Disagree'

Total

'Agree'

Total

'Disagree'

Total

'Agree'

Total

'Disagre

EU27 89% 8% 89% 8% 82% 11% 82% 10% 78% 12%

15- 85% 10% 85% 9% 78% 11% 80% 8% 75% 11%

16-19 88% 9% 90% 7% 83% 11% 84% 8% 79% 11%

20+ 91% 7% 93% 5% 85% 11% 83% 11% 80% 13%

Still studying 88% 8% 92% 6% 80% 13% 76% 14% 76% 14%

Self-employed 90% 9% 91% 7% 84% 11% 82% 12% 80% 12%

Managers 91% 7% 92% 7% 86% 12% 83% 12% 78% 15%

Other white collars 89% 8% 91% 7% 83% 13% 83% 10% 82% 10%

Manual workers 88% 9% 90% 8% 84% 11% 83% 11% 80% 12%

House persons 88% 8% 87% 7% 75% 12% 80% 9% 76% 11%

Unemployed 90% 7% 89% 8% 75% 15% 83% 9% 79% 11%

Retired 87% 9% 88% 7% 83% 8% 81% 8% 76% 11%

Students 88% 8% 92% 6% 80% 13% 76% 14% 76% 14%

Low (1-4) 87% 9% 87% 8% 77% 12% 81% 9% 75% 12%

Medium (5-6) 88% 9% 90% 7% 83% 11% 83% 10% 79% 12%

High (7-10) 90% 8% 91% 7% 85% 11% 82% 12% 79% 13%

Has reached its peak 91% 7% 95% 4% 87% 9% 85% 9% 84% 10%

The worst is still to come 88% 9% 89% 8% 82% 12% 82% 11% 77% 13%

Education (End of)

Occupation scale

Self-positioning on the social staircas e

The impact of the crisis on jobs

QC4 For each of the following statem ents, please tell me whether you totally agree, tend to agree, tend to disagree or totally disagree.

(OUR COUNTRY) needs

reforms to face thefuture

EU Member States

should work together

more in tackling thefinancial and economic

crisis

(SPLIT A) Measures t o

reduce the public

deficit and debt in(OUR COUNTRY)

cannot be delayed

The countries of the EU

need a more solidindustrial base

The countries of the E

need to develop furth

the services sector their economies


35/43


33

2. Reforming the economic and financial systemRespondents were invited to give their views on five measures that the European Union

could take to reform the global financial markets14.

As we saw in the Eurobarometer 76 survey of autumn 2011, the majority of

respondents say they would support the five measures tested.

Nevertheless, Euro Zone respondents are more likely than those living outside the Euro

Zone to approve four of these proposals. There is a gap of 21 percentage points (70%

vs. 49%) between Euro Zone and non-Euro Zone respondents in respect of the

introduction of a tax on financial transactions. However, the introduction of Eurobonds

receives the same score in the Euro Zone and outside it (41%).

The measure which receives most approval, tougher rules on tax avoidance and tax

havens (88% in EU27, unchanged since autumn 2011), is massively supported in

Greece, Cyprus and Slovakia (all 97%). Support for this view has gained most ground in

Austria (95%, +5 percentage points) and Malta (81%, +5) and has declined most in

Poland (75%, -6) and Lithuania (76%, -5).

The introduction of a tax on profits made by banks(81% in EU27) is mentioned

most often in Greece (97%), and has gained most ground in Malta (51%, +9 percentage

points).

Respondents in Austria (88%) are most in favour of tighter rules for credit rating

agencies (76% in EU27). This is also the country where approval for this proposal hasgrown most (+7 percentage points).

14 QC7 Thinking about reform global financial markets, please tell me whether you are in favour or opposed to

the following measures to be taken by the EU: Tougher rules on tax avoidance and tax havens; Theintroduction of a tax on profits made by banks; The introduction of a tax on financial transactions; Theintroduction of Eurobonds (European bonds); Tighter rules for credit rating agencies


36/43


34

The introduction of a tax on financial transactions (63% in EU27) receives most

support among respondents in Germany and Austria (both 80%). Support for this

measure has risen most in Cyprus (61%, +11) but has declined most sharply in Hungary

(33%, -32).

Respondents in Belgium (64%) are most in favour of the introduction of Eurobonds

(41% in EU27). The greatest evolutions are recorded in Cyprus (36%, -13), Lithuania(33%, -11), Hungary (44%, -11) and Luxembourg (47%, -10).


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35

The socio-demographic analysis gives results which have changed little since the last

survey in autumn 2011. However, men seem more in favour than women of the

introduction of Eurobonds (46% vs. 38%), the introduction of a financial transaction tax

(65% vs. 60%) and tighter rules for credit rating agencies (78% vs. 73%). These gender

differences are essentially due to higher non-response rates among women. The more

advantaged categories also seem more in favour of these measures, especially longer-

educated respondents. People who ended their education after the age of 20 are more in

favour of tougher rules on tax avoidance and tax havens (92%, vs. 86% of people who

left school before the age of 16); the introduction of a tax on profits made by banks

(84% vs. 79%); the introduction of a tax on financial transactions (66% vs. 61%);

tighter rules for credit rating agencies (81% vs. 68%), and, most strikingly, the

introduction of Eurobonds (49% vs. 32%).


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36

VI. THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON THE EU AND ON EUROPEANSMore than three and a half years after the start of the financial and economic crisis which

has hit the European Union, respondents to the present questionnaire were asked to

answer three new questions on the consequences of this crisis for the EU15.

A very large majority of

respondents (84%) believe that,

as a result of the crisis, EU

countries will have to work

more closely together. This

opinion is most widespread in the

EU15 countries (84%, compared

with 81% in NMS12), and is

especially emphatic in Cyprus

(97%), Luxembourg (93%) and

Germany (91%).

A majority of Europeans (53%)

also believe that the European

Union will be stronger in the

long run.Respondents are more

likely to agree with this in the

EU15 countries (53%, compared

with 51% in NMS12). This view is

most widespread in Estonia (66%), Denmark (62%) and Belgium and Finland (both

61%). Nonetheless, in the Czech Republic (49%) and Austria and Greece (both 46%) a

relative majority believe that the crisis will weaken the European Union.

Finally, more than half the respondents (51%) say that they feel no closer to citizens

in other European countries. This opinion is most widespread outside the Euro Zone

(55%, compared with 48% within the Euro Zone), and most strikingly in Denmark

(70%), Hungary (68%), Latvia (67%) and the Czech Republic (66%).

15 QC4. 9, 10, 11 For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you totally agree, tend to agree,

tend to disagree or totally disagree: As a consequence of the crisis, you think the EU will be stronger in the longrun; As a consequence of the crisis, you feel closer to the citizens in other European countries; As aconsequence of the crisis, EU countries will have to work more closely together


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37


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38

The differences between socio-demographic categories for these three

statements are fairly small. However, respondents who see globalisation as an

opportunity are most likely to think that EU Member States will have to work more

closely together (92%, compared with 78% of those who do not see globalisation in this

light). They are also more likely to believe that the EU will be stronger in the long run

(64%, vs. 43%) and to feel closer to citizens in other EU countries (49%, vs. 38%).

Likewise, 90% of the people who consider that the European Union can defend its

economic interests (compared with 77% of those who disagree) say that EU countries

will have to work more closely together. They are also more likely to believe that the EU

will be stronger in the long run (67%, vs. 30%) and to feel closer to citizens in other EU

countries (51%, vs. 30%).


41/43

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Between the 12th and the 27th of May 2012, TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between TNS plc and TNS

opinion, carried out the wave 77.3 of the EUROBAROMETER, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION,Directorate-General for Communication, Research and Speechwriting.

This wave is the STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 77 and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the

European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The

STANDARD EUROBAROMETER 77 has also been conducted in the six candidate countries (Croatia, Turkey, theFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Iceland, Montenegro and Serbia) and in the Turkish Cypriot Community.

In these countries, the survey covers the national population of citizens and the population of citizens of all the

European Union Member States that are residents in these countries and have a sufficient command of the nationallanguages to answer the questionnaire. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random

(probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to

population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density.

In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units",

after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries

surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident

population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas.

In each of the selectedsampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected

by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, atrandom (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in

the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal

Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.

For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description

was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a nationalweighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe

description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. Forinternational weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided

by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure

are listed above.

TS1


42/43

Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests

upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the realpercentages vary within the following confidence limits:

various sample sizes are in rows various observed results are in columns

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

N=50 6,0 8,3 9,9 11,1 12,0 12,7 13,2 13,6 13,8 13,9 N=50

N=500 1,9 2,6 3,1 3,5 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,4 N=500

N=1000 1,4 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,7 2,8 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 N=1000

N=1500 1,1 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 N=1500

N=2000 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 N=2000

N=3000 0,8 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,8 N=3000

N=4000 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 N=4000

N=5000 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 N=5000

N=6000 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 N=6000

N=7000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 N=7000

N=7500 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=7500

N=8000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=8000

N=9000 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=9000

N=10000 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=10000

N=11000 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=11000

N=12000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=12000

N=13000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 N=13000N=14000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N=14000

N=15000 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N=15000

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

Statistical Margins due to the sampling process

(at the 95% level of confidence)

TS2


43/43

ABBR. COUNTRIES INSTITUTESN

INTERVIEWS

FIELDWORK

DATES

POPULATION

15+

BE Belgium TNS Dimarso 1.076 12/05/2012 25/05/2012 8.866.411BG Bulgaria TNS BBSS 1.016 12/05/2012 21/05/2012 6.584.957CZ Czech Rep. TNS Aisa 1.002 12/05/2012 24/05/2012 8.987.535DK Denmark TNS Gallup DK 1.007 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 4.533.420DE Germany TNS Infratest 1.502 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 64.545.601

EE Estonia Emor 1.000 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 916.000IE Ireland Ipsos MRBI 1.000 12/05/2012 25/05/2012 3.375.399EL Greece TNS ICAP 1.001 12/05/2012 25/05/2012 8.693.566ES Spain TNS Demoscopia 1.006 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 39.035.867FR France TNS Sofres 1.007 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 47.620.942IT Italy TNS Infratest 1.036 12/05/2012 24/05/2012 51.252.247CY Rep. of Cyprus Synovate 505 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 651.400LV Latvia TNS Latvia 1.007 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 1.448.719LT Lithuania TNS LT 1.019 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 2.849.359LU Luxembourg TNS ILReS 507 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 404.907HU Hungary TNS Hoffmann Kft 1.010 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 8.320.614MT Malta MISCO 500 12/05/2012 26/05/2012 335.476NL Netherlands TNS NIPO 1.012 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 13.288.200

AT AustriasterreichischesGallup-Institut

993 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 6.973.277

PL Poland TNS OBOP 1.000 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 32.306.436PT Portugal TNS EUROTESTE 1.010 14/05/2012 27/05/2012 8.080.915RO Romania TNS CSOP 1.073 12/05/2012 22/05/2012 18.246.731

SI Slovenia RM PLUS 1.023 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 1.748.308SK Slovakia TNS Slovakia 1.000 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 4.549.954FI Finland TNS Gallup Oy 1.001 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 4.412.321SE Sweden TNS GALLUP 1.019 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 7.723.931UK United Kingdom TNS UK 1.305 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 51.081.866

TOTAL

EU2726.637 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 406.834.359

CY(tcc)Turkish CypriotCommunity

Kadem 500 12/05/2012 25/05/2012 143.226

HR Croatia Puls 1.000 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 3.749.400TR Turkey TNS PIAR 1.000 14/05/2012 27/05/2012 52.728.513

MKFormer Yugoslav Rep. ofMacedonia

TNS Brima 1.056 12/05/2012 18/05/2012 1.678.404

IS Iceland Capacent 500 252.277ME Montenegro TNS Medium Gallup 1.015 12/05/2012 21/05/2012 492.265RS Serbia TNS Medium Gallup 1.020 12/05/2012 17/05/2012 6.409.693

TOTAL32.728 12/05/2012 27/05/2012 472.288.137

Documents

Eurobarometer 77