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Experience of Up-scaling and Integration of Regional Level Synchrophasors Pilot Projects
to a National Level project
Presented by – P.K.Agarwal, AGM, POSOCO, [email protected]
V.K. AGRAWALPower System Operation
Corporation/NLDC, [email protected]
P.K. AGARWALPower System Operation
Corporation/NLDC, [email protected]
HARISH RATHOURPower System Operation
Corporation/NLDC, [email protected]
Outline
• Indian Power System
• Wide Area Monitoring System
• Synchrophasors Pilot Projects.
• Challenges in Up-scaling to National Pilot
Project.
• Way forward - URTDSM Scheme
214-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project
INDIAN POWER SYSTEM
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 3
Evolution of National Grid
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 4
Five Regional GridsFive Frequencies
Pre – October 1991
October 1991East and Northeast
synchronized
March 2003West synchronized
With East & Northeast
August 2006North synchronized
With Central Grid
Five Regional GridsTwo FrequenciesPost August 2006
One Frequency
Future: 2014One Grid - One Nation
4
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 5
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION NORTH-
EASTERN REGION
REGIONAL GRIDS
Deficit RegionSnow fed – run-of –the –river hydroHighly weather sensitive loadAdverse weather conditions: Fog & Dust Storm
Very low loadHigh hydro potentialEvacuation problems
Industrial load and agricultural load
Low loadHigh coal reservesPit head base load plants
High load (40% agricultural load)Monsoon dependent hydro
ALL INDIA INSTALLED CAPACITY
NORTH :- 61.3 GW EAST :- 28.8 GWSOUTH :- 56.8 GWWEST :- 78.7 GWNORTH-EAST :- 2.9 GW
TOTAL :- 228 GW
Indian Grid Diversity
International Connections
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 6
Maps not to scale
BhutanNepal
Tala: 1020 MWChukha: 336 MWKurichu: 60 MWNet import by India
Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KVRadial links with NepalNet import by Nepal
Bangladesh400 KV AC line between Baharampur(India) and
Bheramara(Bangladesh) with 500 MW HVDC sub-station at Bheramara
Sri Lanka Proposed Madurai (India) and
Anuradhapura (Sri-Lanka) through ±500 KV HVDC under sea
cable
SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY
714-11-2013 Experience of Upscallling to National Pilot Project
Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 8
Wide Area Monitoring System
14-11-2013
PMU
PMU
PMU
PDCRegional
PDCNational
PDC
PDC Input Streams
PDC Output Streams
PDC Output Streams
Data Storage and
Applications
Data Storage and
Applications
A Typical Architecture of WAMS
• WAMS is a networks of Phasor Measurement Units consist of
– PMUs synchronised with GPS. – Fast communication channels like FO.– Phasor data concentrator.– Data management and services software.
Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 9
Time Synchronised and Time Aligned Phasor Data from WAMS
• Allows us to see dynamics not visible in traditional SCADA
measurement.
• Enables accurate event analysis by precise comparison
• Like traffic cameras monitoring transmission highways.
• Visualize traffic density as well as pattern.
• Improve situational awareness.
• Provide early warning of subtlest beginning of dynamic
interaction.
• Provides root cause analysis of the events.
14-11-2013
SCADA vs WAMS
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 10
Features SCADA/EMS WAMS Advantages
Data Periodicity & Measurement
4-10 seconds Unsynchronized
40 milisecond Synchronized
Accurate System representation for pin pointed problems detection
Angle Measurement
Not possible Possible Improved Power Flow for maintaining automatic Load/Generation balance
Oscillation Monitoring
Not possible Possible Power System Oscillations damping by improved tuning to achieve greater Grid Stability
Post fault analysis
Not in Real Time
Possible in Real Time.
Accurate & Fast Fault Analysis for suitable remedial actions
Dynamic behavior of the System
Not possible Possible Corrective measures possible to achieve greater Grid Stability
SYNCHROPHASORS PILOT PROJECTS
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 11
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 12
First PMU Pilot Project
Dates Milestones
June 2009 Management approval
Sep 2009 Floating of Tender
Oct 2009 Vetting of technical specification
Dec 2009 Approval by CERC
Jan 2010 Award of Contract
May 2010 Commissioning
Concept to Commissioning : Within one Year
a) Separated by large geographical distance
b) Monitoring the Network Stability
c) Near big generating stations / critical nodes
d) Broad band communication link with the control centre
e) Relative Importance from present topology and prospective augmentation
• First PLU Pilot Project in India was implemented in by Powergrid/POSOCO in Northern Region.
• Project was having 1 PDC and 4 PMUs. Later more added. Now 14 Nos. in NR.
Time Line: PMU Locations:
System Architecture of NR Pilot Project
1314-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project
1. Phasor Data Concentrator2. Data Historian3. LAN equipments4. Operator Console.
PMU Project Equipment
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 14
1. Global Positioning System2. Phasor Measurement Unit.
Display for absolute frequency
Displays available at the operator console for visualization
Display for frequency difference
1514-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project
All PMU Locations
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 16
SN
Northern Region
Southern Region
Western Region
Eastern Region
North Eastern Region
1 Agra Gajuwaka AsojBiharshariff
Agratala
2 Bassi Gooty Bhadravati Binaguri Badarpur3 Dadri HVDC Kolar Bina (MP) Durgapur Balipara4 Hissar Narendra Boisar Farakka Bongoigaon
5 Kanpur Ramagundam DehgamJamshedpur
Imphal
6 Moga Somanhalli Itarsi Jeypore Misa7 HVDC Vindhychal, Sriperumbdur Jabalpur Patna Nehu8 Kishenpur Thrissur Kalwa Ranchi Sarusajai9 Meerut Tirunelveli Korba Rengali 10 Balia Vijaywada Raipur Rourkela 11 Rihand Rgppl Sasaram 12 Bawana Satna Talcher
13Karcham Wangtoo HEP
Solapur
14 Mahendragarh Vindhyachal (WR)
15 Mundra APL
Other Pilot projects being undertaken by other RLDCs
All Loactions of PMUs Pilot Projects
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 17
Total no of PMUs - 59 Nos.(including 3 nos. PMU installed by IPPs)
Region wise PMUs:
NR - 14 NosWR - 15 NosER - 12 NosSR - 10 NosNER – 08 Nos
At present data from 44 PMUs are available at NLDC PDC.
In addition to above data from 4 PMUs installed as demo project is also available
National Synchrophasors Pilot Project Architecture
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project18
PDC Console
Historian
NLDC
NER10 PMUs
Router
SR
NR
14 PMUs
8 PMUs
PDC/Console
12 PMUs
ER15 PMUs
WR
PDC/Console PDC/Console
PDC/Console
PDC/Console
Improved Visualisation
CHALLENGES IN UP-SCALING TO NATIONAL PILOT PROJECT14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 20
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 21
• Non-availability of communication
links/channels:• PMU locations and regional control
centers.• Regional control centers to National
Control center. • Location of some of the PMUs have to be
shifted.
Communication channels
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 22
Availability space for GPS antenna
• Some places due to limitation of cable
length of GPS antenna. • Due to unavailability of clearest possible
view of the sky.• GPS sometimes goes ‘out of sync’ in bad
weather conditions.
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 23
• PMUs needs accurate measurement of current and
voltage signals as input• Ideally input should be provided from protection
core of the current transformer (CT). • Non-availability of protection core or restriction of
burden on protection core.• Inputs to PMUs have to be provided from CT’s
metering core.
Non availability of signals from protection core
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 24
Issues with substations with automation system
• Issue of providing CT/PT connections to PMUs came
up.• physical connection from CT/PT are available only in
bay control units (BCU) installed in switch yard area.• PMU requires main input from bus PT, they were
installed in BCU having bus signals. • CTs for feeders were available in different BCUs.
Hence, at such places line current could not be wired
to PMUs.
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 25
• Mismatch between different types of connectors used for
termination of communication cables. • different types of connectors-due to difference of
rating/resistance/make and communication equipment of
different technologies was a tedious task to resolve. • Present communication system was installed under ULDC
scheme in year 2000 - PDH technology - channels are
separated by using hardware which uses G703 interface. • Present equipment used for networking system uses Ethernet
interface. • Converters from G.703 to Ethernet were used. • These converters require external power supply.• became a week point due to need of external power supply..
Communication connectors
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 26
• Storage at Regional PDC vs at National PDC.• National project, number of PMUs were large,
increased data storage capacity have to be
provided.• Using of internal hard drives of servers for data
storage was not feasible. • storage area network (SAN) system has been
used for providing the high capacity of hard disk
capacity required for the data historian. • SAN also provided the scalability of storage
capacity required in future.
Storage of data
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 27
• Parameters matching of regional PDC with that of
national PDC were the tedious task. • Regional PDCs are of different make, they were
having OEM supplied configuration utilities• matching of their configuration parameters were not
straight forward task. • open source PMU connection tester was used for
establishing the communication availability than
parameters were easy to match.
Configuration of parameters
WAY FORWARD - URTDSM SCHEME
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 28
Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement (URTDSM) Project
PROJECT ENVISAGES:
• Installation of around 1750 PMU’s throughout the Grid in 2 phases at:– All 400 kV stations in State and ISTS grids– All generating stations at 220 kV and above– HVDC terminals and inter-regional and inter-national tie
lines– Both ends of 400kV and above transmission lines at State
and ISTS sector
• 32 PDCs located at SLDCs, RLDCs and NLDCs.
• Transmission of PMU data over fiber optic communication network
• Development of software analytics
• 30% of the PMUs to be supplied to be manufactured indigenously.14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 29
URTDSM System – Data Flow Hierarchy
Super PDC at NLDC
Super PDC at Back up NLDC
Super PDCs at five RLDCs
Master PDCs at SLDCs
PMU -1
Router
PMU- n
PMU -1
Router
PMU- n
Remote Consoles to share data for planning &
Research
PMU -1
Router
PMU- n
PMUs located at IPPs across the Grid
PMUs located at State Sector Substations
PMUs located at Central Sector Substations
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 30
Analytics Development
14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 31
Online Vulnerability Analysis
of Distance Relays
Online Instrument Transformer validation
Validation of networkparameters
Real time State monitoring
Model Validation
Validate and improve accuracy
Post-mortem analysis
PMU supervised tripping of Zone-3
Synchrophasor based
State Estimation
VoltageStability Assessment
Angular stability assessment and control
Necessary Additional benefits
Frequency Stability assessment and control
31
Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project
32
Thanks for your
attention14-11-2013