Exploration and Early Colonization

Era

WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE

THE PAST INTO ERAS

Historians divide the past into eras in order to examine how political, economic, geographic and social patterns change over time.

Era- Period of time.

Unit 3 Important People/Events

Christopher Columbus

Hernan Cortes

Montezuma (Moctezuma II)

Alonso Alvarez De Pineda

Panfilo de Narvaez

Narvaez Expedition

Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca

Estevanico

Francisco Vasquez De Coronado

Cibola

I. Europe Eyes the Americas

A. Spain Expands Its Influence

1. Christopher Columbus

sailed from Spain in 1492

to find a faster trade ROUTE

to Asia.

2. King Ferdinand and

Queen Isabella FINANCED

his expeditions - 4 in all.

In Fourteen

Hundred Ninety

Two, Columbus

Sailed the Ocean

Blue!!

COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES

II. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas

B. Spain Established Colonies

1. From 1492 until 1519 Spain

concentrated on establishing

colonies in the West Indies.

2. Conquistador – Spanish

explorer who searched for

wealth and land

a. Could gain personal wealth &

prestige by conquering an area.

SPANISH EXPLORERS In Texas: 1519–

1598

C. Reasons for Exploration:

1. Can be summed up with the

phrase: “Gold, God, and Glory”

•Search for a quicker route to Asia

to facilitate the spice trade.

•Competition had increased

between the empires of Spain,

Portugal, France and England.

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1519Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico.

Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects

• increased Spain’s power

• established Mexico as a base

from which Spain could

launch explorations

• expanded Spain’s American

empire, which covered much

of North and South America

by 1600

• conquered the Aztec Empire

• killed or enslaved many

Aztecs

• gained for Spain the Aztecs’

wealth and land

• built Mexico City on top of the

ruins of Tenochtitlán, which

became the capital of New

Spain

• increased the empire and

wealth of Spain

II. Spanish Explorers in Texas

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Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda

1. Was the 1st European to

see the Texas coast. (1519)

2. Made the 1st

map of the

gulf coast

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from Jamaica into

the Gulf of Mexico.the Pánuco River

near American

Indian villages.

Alonso Álvarez de

Pineda sailed

He and his crew

settled near

He is best known

for mapping

the northern Gulf of

Mexico, including

Texas.

1519 1519 1519

Pineda’s Map

B. Hernando Cortes Conquers Mexico

1. In 1519, Cortes was sent by the

governor of Cuba to explore

the America’s.

2. Cortes gained control of Mexico

by defeating the Aztecs under

Montezuma.

3. The gold & riches Cortes

brought back to Spain made

the Spanish more eager to

explore New Spain.

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Narvaez Expedition - 1526

• Led by Panfilo de Narvaez

• Landed in Florida and split in half.

• Shipwrecks near Galveston bay

• 80 survivors including Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico

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Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

1. Cabeza de Vaca was one of 80

survivors of the Narvaez expedition

shipwrecked on Galveston Bay.

2. They were the 1st Europeans toset foot in Texas.

3. He lived with the Karankawas for 6

years as a slave and healer.

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Texas History

• One of the 4 was a slave named Esteban (Estavanico). He was the 1st

African to set foot in Texas.

Narvaez Expedition Continued.

Cabeza de Vaca

The Search for Cibola

1. Francisco Coronado

– 1540, sent North

from Mexico to look

for Cibola.

2. Followed a Native, El

Turco, across the

Texas Panhandle,

went up to Kansas, to

Quivera, and claimed

all the land for Spain.

I. The Search for Cibola Cont.

1. Hernando de Soto – 1539, led

second expedition to look for

Cibola, beginning in Florida

across the Southern U.S. to

discover the Mississippi River.

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SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS

Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians

• gained new plants and animals

from Europe, such as horses

• rise of a Plains Indian horse

culture

• Plains Indians’ fighting and

hunting abilities increased by

horses

• many Texas Indian deaths from

European diseases

• conflict with the Spanish

• established a claim to Texas

• gained knowledge about land

and people of Texas

• gained new plants and animals

from the Americas

• gained a buffer zone between

Spanish settlement and

American Indians/Europeans to

the north

• lost equine military advantage

• conflict with Texas Indians

D. Columbian Exchange

(Great Exchange)

1. Exchange of goods between

Europe, Asia and the

Americas.

2. It was both good and bad.

E. Examples of items exchanged

1. Horses were brought to the Americas by the

explorers.

a. They changed the way of life for the

Plains Indians.

2. Intro of corn, potatoes, sugar & cotton from

America to other continents changed lives

around the world.

3. Diseases were introduced to the Americas by

the Spanish explorers, decimating the

Native population.

III. The French Explore Texas

A. France Shows Interest in the Gulf

1. A French explorer, Rene Robert

Sieur de La Salle (Robert la

Salle), discovered the Mississippi

River, claiming all the lands it

reached for France.

2. He named the land “Louisiana”

after the king of France.

4. La Salle went back to America

in 1684, looking for the mouth

of the Mississippi.

5. He landed at Matagorda Bay

instead of the Mississippi.

6. He established Ft. St. Louis-

1st French colony in Texas.

3. He later convinced King Louis &

Queen Anne to let him return to

the new land and establish a

French colony.

B. Ft. St. Louis was unsuccessful

and French exploration in the

Americas ended.

C. However, Spain saw a threat

to it’s hold in the New World

and then began colonizing

again.

FRENCH AND SPANISH

CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

Chapter Summary

Following Columbus’s lead, Spain

established colonies in the Caribbean and

Mexico. Reports of riches drew the

explorers north to Texas where they

established a successful mission.

Spanish Explorers

Come to Texas

Columbus came to the New

World looking for gold and a new

trade route to Asia. Although he

found neither, his four voyages

inspired others to seek their

fortunes in the Americas.

Europe Eyes the Americas

Spain’s claims on Texas lands

prompted France to establish a

colony of its own. Although La

Salle’s Texas colony did not

survive, France’s presence

renewed Spain’s interest in

settling Texas.

The French Explore Texas

1.This Italian sailor believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the

Atlantic.

a. Juan de Oñate b. Christopher Columbus c. Hernando de Soto

2.This term refers to (describes) Spanish soldiers and adventurers (people

looking for riches).

a. conquistadores b. mustangs c. Epidemics

3.This Spanish soldier and his men conquered (took over by force) the Aztec

Empire.

a. Hernán Cortés b. Fray Marcos de Niza c. Pánfilo de Narváez

4.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge)

and his crew were the first people to see the Texas coast.

a. Hernando de Soto b. Alonso Álvarez de Pineda c. Juan de Oñate

5.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge)

searched for gold in Apalachee but found none.

a. Christopher Columbus b. Luis de Moscoso Alvarado

c. Pánfilo de Narváez