FDD 2015 IYPT Reference Kit

5/21/2018 FDD 2015 IYPT Reference Kit

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Preparation to the Young Physicists Tournaments 2015Ilya Martchenko,1 *Andrei lishin,2!e"a Monta"eri #amin,$

%tanis&a' ('id'i)ski,*Aliaksandr Mamoika,5 and %tanis&a+ Piatrua5

1-ni.ersity o/ riourg and und -ni.ersity32Massachusetts Institute o/ Technology3$%hari/ -ni.ersity o/ Technology3*Yale -ni.ersity354elarusian %tate -ni.ersity

irst day dra/t 6uly 11, 201*


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7all /or cooperation

I/ you are interested in the idea ehind the it 8 to structure the earlier kno'ledge aout thephysics ehind the prolems and to encourage students to contrast their personalcontriution /rom the e9isting kno'ledge 8 your cooperation is 'elcome

I/ more contriutors :oin the 'ork on the it /or 2015, or plan ringing together the it /or201;, good editions may e completed earlier

It 'ould e o/ ene/it /or e.eryody, students and team leaders, 'ho 'ould ha.e an early re/erence re?in.enting the 'heel@

:urors, 'ho 'ould ha.e a rie/, in/ormal supporting material, possily making them moreskeptical and o:ecti.e aout the presentations

the audience outside the IYPT, 'ho ene/its /rom the structured re/erences in eg physicspopulari"ation acti.ities and physics teaching

the IYPT, as a community and a center o/ competence, that generates .irant, state?o/?the?art research prolems, 'idely used in other acti.ities and at other e.ents and also the author


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Co you like 'hat the IYPT organi"ers doD Eatch the promo .ideoF httpFyoutueG51EHC?BeiA ollo' iyptand iyptarchi.eon T'itter

iypt


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The IYPT is seeking /or sponsors

I/ you do not donate today, another pro:ecto/ the IYPT 'ill e put on hold 4eing a supporter o/ the IYPT o//ers uniBue

pulicity, po'er/ul re'ards, and much more

Cisco.er the e9citing opportunitiesat httpFiyptorg%ponsors

In.itation

7ontact

Ilya MartchenkoIYPT Treasurerund -ni.ersity, 4o9 12*,%J?22100 und %'edenilyamartchenkoiyptorg

I4A# 7KH1 0L00 0000 L1$$ 0HH *4I7 PGI7K4JNNN


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Ko' to structure a reportD Ehat le.el is competiti.eD Ko' to set the goals, /i9 the

priorities, and set the directiono/ the 'orkD

Ko' 'ere people resol.ingparticular issues in the pastD

ook through the historical solutions in the Archi.e F?=

an opportunity /or goal?orientedcritical learning

e9amples, not guidelines those solutions 'ere good, ut

yours should e etterO

Ko' to tackle the IYPT prolemsD


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Meet the - 1LL1 team

The IYPT Archi.e missed the names o/ the - team memers at the IYPT 1LL1

The names are /ound thanks to ordon Eoods, - .isitor in 1LL1O T'o photos sho' the team on the stairs o/ Physics uilding, Mosco' %tate -ni.ersity

httpFarchi.eiyptorgpeopleQ1LL1

Photo y ordon Eoods, 6uly 2, 1LL1 Photo y %ergey !omanchuk, taken nearly simultaneously


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Is the no.el researchlimited and discouragedy the e9isting commonkno'ledge and theongoing 'ork o/competing groupsD F?=


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The asic goal o/ this it is notin pro.iding students 'ith a start?to?/inish manual or in limiting theircreati.ity, ut in encouragingthem to regard their 'ork critically, look deeper, ha.e a etter ackground kno'ledge, e skeptical in emedding their pro:ects into the standards o/ pro/essional research, and, as o/ a /irst priority, e attenti.e in not >re?in.enting the 'heel@

An early e9posure to the culture o/ scienti/ic citations, and de.eloping a responsile attitude to'ardmaking o'n 'ork truly no.el and original, is assumed to e a help/ul learning e9perience inde.eloping necessary standards and attitudes

ood e9amples are kno'n 'hen the it has een used as a concise supporting material/or :urors andthe e9ternal community3 the ene/its 'ere in ha.ing the common kno'ledge structured and etter.isile

J.en i/ linked /rom iyptorg, this /ile is notan o//icial, inding release o/ the IYPT, and should under nocircumstances e considered as a collection o/ authoritati.e >musts@ or >instructions@ /or 'hate.er

competition %erious conclusions 'ill e dra'n, up to discontinuing the pro:ect in its current /orm, i/ systematic

misuse o/ the it is detected, such as e9plicit /ailure o/ citing properly, replacing o'n research 'ith acompilation, or interpreting the it itsel/ as a inding >user guide@

All suggestions, /eedack, and criticism aout the it are 'armly appreciated F?=

Important in/ormation


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Kaits and customs

Griginality and independence o/ your 'orkis al'ays consideredas o/ a /irst priority

There is no >correct ans'er@to any o/ the IYPT prolems

Ka.ing a deep ackground kno'ledgeaout earlier 'ork is a must

Taking ideas 'ithout citingis a serious misconduct

7ritically distinguishinget'een personal contriution and common kno'ledge is likely

to e appreciated !eading morein a non?nati.e language may e .ery help/ul

ocal liraries and institutions can al'ays help in getting access to paid articles in

:ournals,ooks and dataases

The IYPT is not aout rein.enting the 'heel, or inno.ating, creating, disco.ering, and

eing ale to contrast o'n 'ork 'ith earlier kno'ledge and the achie.ements o/

othersD

Is IYPT all aout competing, or aout de.eloping pro/essional personal standardsD


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!eBuirements /or a success/ul IYPT report

#o.el research, not a sur.ey or a compilation o/ kno'n /acts 4alance et'een e9perimental in.estigation and theoretical analysis 7omprehensile, logical and interesting presentation, not a detailed description o/

e.erything?you?ha.e?per/ormed?and?thought?aout 7lear understanding o/ the .alidity o/ your e9periments, and ho' e9actly you analy"ed

the otained data

7lear understanding o/ 'hat physical model is used, and 'hy it is considered appropriate 7lear understanding o/ 'hat your theory relies upon, and in 'hat limits it may e applied 7omparison o/ your theory 'ith your e9periments 7lear conclusions and clear ans'ers to the raised Buestions, especially those in the task 7lear understanding o/ 'hat is your no.el contriution, in comparison to pre.ious studies %olid kno'ledge o/ rele.ant physics Proo/read nice?looking slides An une9pected trick, such as a demonstration in situ, 'ill al'ays e a plus


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Ko' to gi.e a science talk Take care o/ your listeners

i/ they all dont get 'hat you say, its your prolem its your :o to do science 'ork and make conclusions Its their :o to listen

Put yoursel/ in conte9to/ e9isting results your no.eltyis only .isile in contrast 'ith e9isting kno'ledge making pro/ound conclusionsis harder than measuring and 'riting /ormulas and

reading papers

e proud o/ your higher?le.el achie.ements


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eynmanF to e sel/?con/identD

>I.e .ery o/ten made mistakesin my physics y thinking thetheory isnt as good as it reallyis, thinking that there are lots o/

complications that are going tospoil it

S an attitude that anything canhappen, in spite o/ 'hat youre

pretty sure should happen@

!P eynman %urely Youre 6oking, Mr eynman


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The epigraph /or the IYPT 2015 prolems appro.edy the IYPT ounder J.geny Yunoso.


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The /raction o/ space occupied y granular particles depends on their shape Pour non?spherical particles such as rice, matches, or M&Mscandies into a o9 Ko' docharacteristics like coordination numer, orientational order, or the random closepacking /raction depend on the rele.ant parametersD

Prolem #o 1 >Packing@

7arlos oren"o 2011U


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4ackground reading EikipediaF epler con:ecture, httpsFen'ikipediaorg'ikieplerVcon:ecture

EikipediaF !andom close pack, httpsFen'ikipediaorg'iki!andomVcloseVpack EikipediaF 7oordination numer, httpsFen'ikipediaorg'iki7oordinationVnumer E Man, A Cone., K %tillinger, M T %ulli.an, E 4 !ussel, C Keeger, % Inati, % TorBuato,

and P M 7haikin J9periments on !andom Packings o/ Jllipsoids Phys !e. ett L*, 1LH001


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4ackground reading M P 7iamarra, A 7oniglio, and M #icodemi Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics o/

dense granular media Phys !e. ett L, 15H001


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Prolem #o 2 >Plume o/ smoke@

%chrayer 200LU

I/ a urning candle is co.ered y a transparent glass, the /lame e9tinguishes and asteady up'ard stream o/ smoke is produced In.estigate the plume o/ smoke at.arious magni/ications


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4ackground reading

Kill Ea9o'sF The Incredile 4eauty o/ a 4lo'n Gut 7andle


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Prolem #o $ >Arti/icial muscle@Attach a polymer /ishing line to an electric drill and apply tension to the line As itt'ists, the /ire 'ill /orm tight coils in a spring?like arrangement Apply heat to thecoils to permanently /i9 that spring?like shape Ehen you apply heat again, the coil 'illcontract In.estigate this Zarti/icial muscle

- Te9as at Callas 201*U


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4ackground reading

7 % Kaines, M C ima, # i, M %pinks, 6 oroughi, 6 C E Madden, % K im,

% ang, M 6 de Andrade, [ktepe, \ [ktepe, % M Mir.akili, % #a/icy, Nepr], 6 Gh, M J o"lo., % 6 im, N Nu, 4 6 %'edlo.e, Eallace, and ! K4aughman Arti/icial muscles /rom /ishing line and se'ing thread %cience $*$,;1$, H;H?H2


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Prolem #o * >iBuid /ilm motor@orm a soap /ilm on a /lat /rame Put the /ilm in an electric /ield parallel to the /ilmsur/ace and pass an electric current through the /ilm The /ilm rotates in its planeIn.estigate and e9plain the phenomenon


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4ackground reading

A Am:adi, ! %hirsa.ar, # Kamedani !ad:a, and M ! J:tehadi A liBuid /ilm motorMicro/luid and nano/luid ;, 5 11?15


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4ackground reading

A Am:adi, M % ei", and ! M #amin iBuid soap /ilm generates electricityF Asuspended liBuid /ilm rotating in an e9ternal electric /ield as an electricgenerator Micro/luid and #ano/luid 5, 1?


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Prolem #o 5 >T'o alloons@T'o ruer alloons are partially in/lated 'ith air and connected together y a hose'ith a .al.e It is /ound that depending on initial alloon .olumes, the air can /lo' indi//erent directions In.estigate this phenomenon

ro'nedu 2011U


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4ackground reading Eeinhaus and E 4arker Gn the eBuilirium states o/ interconnected ules or alloons Am 6

Phys *;, LH?LH2


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Prolem #o ; >Magnus glider@lue the ottoms o/ t'o light cups together to make a glider Eind an elastic andaround the centre and hold the /ree end that remains Ehile holding the glider, stretchthe /ree end o/ the elastic and and then release the glider In.estigate its motion

7MK 2012U


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4ackground reading

EikipediaF Magnus e//ect, httpsFen'ikipediaorg'ikiMagnusVe//ect

Eendy %adler ? Magnus J//ectmp*


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Prolem #o >%haded pole@Place a non?/erromagnetic metal disk o.er an electromagnet po'ered y an A7 supply

The disk 'ill e repelled, ut not rotated Ko'e.er, i/ a non?/erromagnetic metal sheetis partially inserted et'een the electromagnet and the disk, the disk 'ill rotateIn.estigate the phenomenon


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4ackground reading

6 A leming Gn electromagnetic repulsion Proc !oyal Inst o/ reat 4ritain


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Prolem #o H >%ugar and salt@Ehen a container 'ith a layer o/ sugar 'ater placed ao.e a layer o/ salt 'ater isilluminated, a distincti.e /ingering pattern may e seen in the pro:ected shado'In.estigate the phenomenon and its dependence on the rele.ant parameters


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4ackground reading EikipediaF %chlieren photography, httpFen'ikipediaorg'iki%chlierenVphotography 6 Taylor and Weronis J9periments on doule?di//usi.e sugar?salt /ingers at high staility ratio 6

luid Mech $21, $15X$$$


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Prolem #o L >Ko.ercra/t@A simple model ho.ercra/t can e uilt using a 7C and a alloon /illed 'ith air attached.ia a tue J9iting air can li/t the de.ice making it /loat o.er a sur/ace 'ith lo' /rictionIn.estigate ho' the rele.ant parameters in/luence the time o/ the Zlo'?/riction state

san:oselirary 2010U


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4ackground reading 7 de I"arra and de I"arra %tokes eBuation in a toy 7C ho.ercra/t Jur 6 Phys $2, HL?LL


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4ackground reading T Cenery Multi?domain modeling o/ the dynamics o/ a ho.ercra/t /or controller de.elopment


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Prolem #o 10 >%inging lades o/ grass@It is possile to produce a sound y lo'ing across a lade o/ grass, a paper strip orsimilar In.estigate this e//ect

6erry 4o'ley 2011U


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Ko' to Ehistle 'ith a 4lade o/ rass


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A C itt and MP Pope The unsteady motion o/ t'o?dimensional /lags 'ith ending sti//ness6 Jng Math *0, 22?2*H


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Y Eatanae, % %u"uki, M %ugihara, and Y %ueoka An e9perimental study o/ paper /lutter 6luids %tructures 1;, *, 52L?5*2


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Prolem #o 11 >7ats 'hisker@The /irst semiconductor diodes, 'idely used in crystal radios, consisted o/ a thin 'irethat lightly touched a crystal o/ a semiconducting material


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4ackground reading

EikipediaF 7ats?'hisker detector, httpFen'ikipediaorg'iki7ats?'hiskerVdetector

Alan J lo'ers 7rystal and %olid 7ontact !ecti/iers,httpF'''crystalradionetmineralsAJ#APC

6 7orrigan The Popular Eireless 7rystal J9perimenters Kandook


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Prolem #o 12 >Thick lens@A ottle /illed 'ith a liBuid can 'ork as a lens Argualy, such a ottle is dangerous i/le/t on a tale on a sunny day 7an one use such a Zlens to scorch a sur/aceD

Pra:eshhat 2011U


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4ackground reading % 4ednarek and 6 rysiak The use o/ cylindrical lenses in easy e9periments /or physics

education and the magic arts Phys Jduc *;, 5, 5L1


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4ackground reading C?7h %u and 7h?E 7hang A ne' techniBue /or measuring the a//ecti.e /ocal length o/ a

thick lens or a compound lens Gpt 7omm H, 2 11H?122


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Prolem #o 1$ >Magnetic pendulum@Make a light pendulum 'ith a small magnet at the /ree end An ad:acentelectromagnet connected to an A7 po'er source o/ a much higher /reBuency than thenatural /reBuency o/ the pendulum can lead to undamped oscillations 'ith .ariousamplitudes %tudy and e9plain the phenomenon

.eggie/rog 2010U


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4ackground reading Magnet po'ered pendulum


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4ackground reading

6osh 4e.i.ino The Path /rom the %imple Pendulum to 7haos


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Prolem #o 1* >7ircle o/ light@Ehen a laser eam is aimed at a 'ire, a circle o/ light can e oser.ed on a screenperpendicular to the 'ire J9plain this phenomenon and in.estigate ho' it depends onthe rele.ant parameters

%chetniko. 201*U


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4ackground reading

EikipediaF Ci//raction, httpFen'ikipediaorg'ikiCi//raction EikipediaF Inter/erence, httpFen'ikipediaorg'ikiInter/erenceV


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Prolem #o 15 >Mo.ing rush@A rush may start mo.ing 'hen placed on a .irating hori"ontal sur/aceIn.estigate the motion

%te/an 2010U

k d di


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4ackground reading

Mini rush root


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Prolem #o 1; >Eet and dark@7lothes can look darker or change colour 'hen they get 'et In.estigate thephenomenon

Paul Eatson 2005U

4 k d di


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4ackground reading

6 ekner and M 7 Cor/ Ehy some things are darker 'hen 'et Appl Gptics 2, ,12H?12H0


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Prolem #o 1 >7o//ee cup@Physicists like drinking co//ee, ho'e.er 'alking et'een laoratories 'ith a cup o/co//ee can e prolematic In.estigate ho' the shape o/ the cup, speed o/ 'alking andother parameters a//ect the likelihood o/ co//ee eing spilt 'hile 'alking

%imon 6ames 2012U

4 k d di


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4ackground reading

K 7 Mayer and ! rechetniko. Ealking 'ith co//eeF Ehy does it spillD Phys !e.

J H5, 0*;11


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The IYPT is seeking /or sponsors I/ you do not donate today, another pro:ect

o/ the IYPT 'ill e put on hold 4eing a supporter o/ the IYPT o//ers uniBue

pulicity, po'er/ul re'ards, and much more

Cisco.er the e9citing opportunitiesat httpFiyptorg%ponsors



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Preparation to 2Hth IYPT 2015F

re/erences, Buestions and ad.ices

Ilya Martchenko,1 *Andrei lishin,2!e"a Monta"eri #amin,$

%tanis&a' ('id'i)ski,*Aliaksandr Mamoika,5 and %tanis&a+ Piatrua5

1-ni.ersity o/ riourg and und -ni.ersity32Massachusetts Institute o/ Technology3$%hari/ -ni.ersity o/ Technology3*Yale -ni.ersity354elarusian %tate -ni.ersity

6uly 12, 201*

*to 'hom correspondence should e addressedFilyamartchenkoiyptorg httpFilyamorg


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FDD 2015 IYPT Reference Kit