FDP Manual - Petrel Dynamic Modeling.pdf

8/11/2019 FDP Manual - Petrel Dynamic Modeling.pdf

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Petrel Manual for FDP

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PETREL

DYNAMIC MODELING

PETREL MANUAL FOR FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT


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Contents

1. WELL ENGINEERING ............................................................................................................................. 3

1.1WELLS -MAKE VERTICAL WELLS ................................................................................................................... 3

1.2WELLS -WELL PATH DESIGN ........................................................................................................................ 41.3DIGITIZE ON A FILTERED PROPERTY ................................................................................................................ 5

2. WELL COMPLETION DESIGN ................................................................................................................. 8

2.1DEFINE EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1.1 Insert Casing ................................................................................................................................. 9

2.1.2 Completions - Insert perforation ................................................................................................. 12

3. AQUIFER ............................................................................................................................................. 14

3.1ADDING AN AQUIFER ............................................................................................................................... 15

3.2RUN A CASE WITH AQUIFER........................................................................................................................ 19

4. OBSERVED DATA ................................................................................................................................ 20

4.1CREATE OBSERVED DATA FILE .................................................................................................................... 20

4.2IMPORT OBSERVED DATA ......................................................................................................................... 21

4.3VISUALIZE THE OBSERVED DATA .................................................................................................................. 21

5. HISTORY MATCHING .......................................................................................................................... 22

5.1MAKE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ................................................................................................................. 22

5.2RUN HISTORY MATCHING .......................................................................................................................... 23

5.3VIEW HISTORY MATCHING SIMULATION RESULTS ............................................................................................ 24

6. PREDICTION STRATEGIES...... 25

6.1MAKE A STRATEGY ................................................................................................................................... 25

6.2PREDICTION STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................................ 26


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1. Well Engineering

1.1 Wells - Make vertical wells

1. This is to decide where you want to locate the new well in your 3D model.

2. Click the location in a window using the Select/pick mode. The status bar

(bottom right) will display the X and Y surface coordinates.

3. Go to Inputpane, and right-click the Wells folder. Choose New well from the

drop-down menu.

4.

In the Create new well dialog box, enter a name for the well, select a symbol and

enter the X and Y coordinates. You can also enter a top measured depth and a

bottom measured depth to specify the depth interval of the well.


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1.2 Wells - Well path design

There are several ways of digitizing the well path, depending on the available data.

A)

Digitize all the data on a General Intersection

You can create a General Intersection and position it in the place where you

want to digitize the new a path.

Display all the data of interest:

Property

Horizons

Faults

Seismic etc.


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1.3 Digitize on a filtered property

You can use the value filter in the property filter to filter on, for example,

high porosity values, and use the zone filter to view the different zone(s) you

want.


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Well Digitizing StepsGeneral Intersection

1) Activate the Well path designprocess found in the Well engineering folder on

the Processespane by clicking it once. This enables the well path design function

toolbar we will be using.

2) Using the Add new points button in the well path design function

toolbar and start to digitize (click) on the general intersection plane.

3) To move a well point interactively in the 3D window, use the Select/pick mode

and click on the well point. The well point turns into a widget that can be

moved around. Petrel will observe the dog leg severity constraints at all times

and give you a warning if it is exceeded.


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4) The new well will automatically be named Proposed with number and will be

saved under the Wells folder in Input pane. Right-click on the well and open its

settings. Now, you can define if the well should be a simple well, a standalone

well, or a side track well that tie into one of the existing wells in the project.

5) Change the symbol for the well, and rename the well into something in

accordance with the other wells. The well will be stored in the Proposed wells

folder.


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2. Well completion design

2.1 Define equipment

1.

Open the Completions manager dialog. You can access the Completion manager

by right-clicking on the Global completions folder and selecting it from the drop-

down menu.

2. In the dialog that opens, go to the Equipmenttab.

3. Click the Add a new row button, then select Casingand enter 1 as the number of

equipment to be created.

4. Give the casing the name New equipment. Then, specify an outer diameter (OD)

of and an inner diameter (ID).


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2.1.1 Insert casing

1. Insert a new well section window with the Window > New well section window

command.

2.

Accept to create the new Well section template 2.

3. Now you see an empty well section window. Select the check box in front of well

(eg: A10) in the Input pane, to display it in the window.

4. At the top of the well section window, select to show the depth track in

measured depth (MD) and not in sub-sea true vertical depth (SSTVD).

5. Go to the Input pane and then expand the Global completions sub-folder

located under the Wells folder. Select to view Casingand Perforation.

6. Activate the Well completion designprocess in the Well engineering folder on

the Processespane by clicking it once. The function toolbar appears with icons

(tools) relevant to the completion design process.

7. Click the Add/edit casing icon and click inside the Completions track of

the well, Petrel will prompt you for a start date. Enter the date you require to.


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8. You can now edit the casing which you have just made. Hover the mouse pointer

over the casing shoe and see that it changes shape into a double arrow when

you cross the base of the casing.

9. Click and try to drag the casing base up and down in the Well section window to

your desire MD.

11.Access the Completions managerand filter by your well name.

12.Add additional attribute Columns > Equipment ID.

13.Use the drop-down menu to assign the New equipment to the well; the casing

which previously created.


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14.Still editing the casing, enter the desire MD for Bottom off (m). Click Refreshand

observe how the casing is extended all the way to the bottom of the well.

15.Close the Completions manager.


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2.1.2 Insert perforation

1. From the function toolbar, click the Add/edit a perforation icon . Now

insert a perforation that runs from the top of the reservoir to the bottom of the

well.

2. Petrel will ask for the start date for the perforation type in the dateand click

OK.

3. Display the porosity and permeability from the grid properties along with the

completion track. Drag the perforation to a depth with good porosity (or

permeability). You can also extend the perforation using the up-and-down cursor

when hovering over the perforation at the very edge (top or bottom)


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4. You may also change the Top MD and Bottom MD of the perforation by double-

click on the perforation to open the settings and open the Depth/date tab.


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3. Simulation Fault

3.1 Make a simulation fault

1.

Open a 2D window.

2. Display the project boundary(edge around surface) and view the top horizonof

your 3D grid model.

3. Digitize a line that will be used to define the fault plane by first selecting the

Make/edit polygonsprocess in the Utilities folder in the Processes pane. Then:

a. Activate the Make/edit polygons tool in the function bar. Select the

Add new points tool .

b. Digitize a line by pointing in the display and left-clicking. Add a point in the

grid cell closed to the project boundary to make sure the fault is extended all

the way to the boundary.

4. The polygon is stored at the bottom of the Input pane. Rename it to Fault

polygon by opening the Settings for it and changing the name in the Info tab.

5. Make sure the 3D Grid is selected on the Models pane.

6. Right-click on the polygon you just made, and select Create simulation (grid)

fault from the drop-down menu. The new fault is stored in the Faults folder

under the simple grid on the Models pane.

3.2 Transmissibility multiplier

1. Open a 3D window and select to view your new fault.

2. Open the Fault analysisprocess that is located in the Property modelingfolder.

3. Enter a constant transmissibility multiplier.

4. Click OK.

5. Savethe project.


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4. Aquifer

4.1 Adding an Aquifer (Optional Exercise)

1.

Open a 2D window and display one of the horizons along with the faults of your

upscaled grid from the Modelspane.

2. Activate the Make/edit polygons process from the Utilities folder in the

Processespane.

3. Activate the Make/edit polygon tool , Start new set of polygons

(deactivate old) tool and the Add new points tool in the function bar.

4. Draw a polygon which encloses the eastern part of the model. Use the Close

selected polygon tool to close the polygon.


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5. The new polygon is stored on the Input pane. Rename it to Aquifer boundary.

6. Make sure the Upscaled grid is active on the Modelspane.

7.

Go to processes pane, and open the Make aquifer process located under

Simulation.

8. Select Create new; Select an Aquifer model. Name it Fet1.

9. In the Connectionstab, select the Aquifer boundary polygonon the Inputpane,

and drop it into the Area of interest field by clicking the blue arrow .

10.For exercise, select Grid edges as Drive direction. Make the compass connect to

the cell faces from all directions except from South.


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11.Under Vertical extent, select a Top limit of the oil-water contact.

12.

Go to the Propertiestab, type in a datum. Leave the other settings defaulted.


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13.Click Applyto save the aquifer model, leave the dialog box open.

14.Display the grid in a 3D window.

15.

Go to the Models pane, you will find the newly created aquifer under the

Upscaled grid > Aquifer folder. Toggle on the new aquifer. The cell faces

connected to the aquifer are displayed in the 3D window.

16.Make a second aquifer using the same procedure as in steps 8 through 12. Name

the aquifer Fet2. The only difference between the two should be external radius.

Increase the radius 100 times. We want to check the effect of the size of the

water reservoir on the water production from well P07.

17.Click OK. Save the project.


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4.2 Run a case with aquifer

1. Open the Define simulation case process. Create a new case and type in the

name. Inspect the Grid tab. Drop in aquifer Fet1from the Modelspane.

2. Click Applyand run the case.


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5. Observed Data

5.1 Create Observed Data File

1.

Use the data from well build-up and drawdown history.2. Open a new notepad and copy the following format:

3. Now insert the well build-up and drawdown history data using the arrangement

based on the sixth line. (Ensure the unit system is correct)

4. The history data is in field unit. Take note that we will use the metric unit in

Petrel. Do a data conversion before you insert into the notepad.

5. Save the file as VOL File.


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5.2 Import Observed Data

1. Right-click the Global observed datafolder under the Wellsfolder in the Input

pane and select Import (on selection).

2. In the dialog that opens, select theobserved data file and click Open.

3. In the Import observed data dialog box that opens, make sure the well names in

the file matches the correct well in your project.

4. Go to the Data tab.

5. Check that the Column number is correct for the data you are importing and that

an appropriate Property identifier is selected.

6. After you have selected a Property identifier for all the vectors you are

importing, make sure that you select Create new in the Global observed data

column to add a subject to the Global observed data folder.

7. Click OKto import the observed the well build-up and drawdown history data.

5.3 Visualize the observed data1. Open a Function window.

2. Go to the Results pane, expand the Dynamic Data folder and then the Source

type folder.

3. Expand the Identifier folder and select the check box in the well A10.

4. Select the boxes in front of Observed data, Oil production rate in the Rates

folder and Bottom hole pressurein the Pressures folder.


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6. History matching

6.1 Make history development strategy

1.

To create a history strategy, you will use the Make development strategy

process.

2. Expand the Simulation folder in the Process pane and open the Make

development strategyprocess.

3. Select Create new development strategy.

4. Click the Use presets button, and select History strategyfrom the drop-down

menu.

5.

Name the new strategy.

6. Observe on the Strategy tree; note that the observed data set and the wells

have been inserted automatically; the start date and the end date for

simulation were extracted from observed data set.

7. Remove all the wells except for A10, A15 and A16 in the wells folder.

8. Find the Rules folder in the Strategy tree (the left pane of the Make

development strategy process dialog) and click the History rate control

(Wells folder)rule.

9. Check all the parameters for the history rate control and click OKto save the

history development strategy.

10.The new Development strategies folderis at the bottom of the input pane.


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6.2 Run history matching

1. Open define simulation case.

2. Select Initialization casein Edit existing.

3.

Now select Create newcase and name it as History.

4. Open the Strategytab.

5. Append a new item into the Development Strategy.

6. Drop in the History strategyfrom the input pane into the Development Strategy

by clicking the blue arrow.

7.

Click Applyand Export.

8. After the Export has finish, click Runthe case.


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6.3 View history matching simulation results

1. Open a new function window.

2. Select the History casein the cases pane.

3.

Go to the Results pane.

4. Expand the Dynamic Data folder and then the Source type folder.

5. Expand the Identifier and select the check box of the well A10 as preference.

6. Select to view the Observed data, Oil production rate in the Rates folder and

Bottom hole pressurein the Pressures folder.

7. View and analyze the history strategy data and observed data.


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7. Prediction Strategies

Used to predict future behavior

Gives the rates or pressures that the wells should be operated at forward in time

7.1 Make a strategy

Default strategies

The Use presetsdrop-down menu offers four templates strategies.

History strategy: As done in previous history matching, the history strategy

utilizes the first observed data set that is listed in the Global observed data

folder.

Empty prediction strategy:This will give you a blank strategy, the same as when

the process is opened for the first time.

Prediction depletion strategy: This sets up a field for production with no

injection. All wells are added to the strategy and placed under production group

control. You must set field group prediction target, and start and end dates. It is

recommended to set the minimum bottom hole pressure, and optionally, the

maximum rate limits.

Prediction water flood strategy:This sets up a field for production with water

injection. Group and wells rules are setup for group production control and full

voidage replacement. You must drag the well producers into a Productionfolder

and well injectors to an Injectorfolder. In addition, you must set the field group

prediction target and start and end dates. It is recommended to set bottom hole

pressure limits, and optionally, maximum rate limits on both producers and

injectors.


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7.2 Prediction strategies

Before make the prediction strategies, make sure you have create your new

wells for injectors and producers. Refer to notes 1.1 and 1.2 to make vertical

wells and well path design. The numbers of wells and their location are on your

own adjustment.

7.2.1 Prediction depletion strategy (base case)

1. The base case strategy sets up field producers with no injection.

2. Open the Make development strategyprocess.

3. Select Create newdevelopment strategy.

4.

Click Use presetsbutton, and select Prediction depletion strategy.

5. Give the new strategy a name, for instance Prediction depletion.

6. All the wells will automatically insert into the wells folder in the development

strategy.

7. Double-click on the start date and change it to 2013-07-19.

8. Double-click on the end-date and change it to 2018-07-19.

9. Click on the Report frequency rule, and select a Report frequency of 6 months or

1 year.

10.Click on Group rate production control rule, enter the oil rate of 120,000sm3/d

and set the oil action as Target.

11.Click on Well rate production control rule, drop in your producer wells folder

into Wells. Select group control mode, and enter oil rate of 5000sm3/d.

12.Click on the Well pressure production control rule. Again, drop the producer

wells folder into Wells. Using the Group control as control mode, set the bottom

hole pressure to 100 bar.

13.Click Apply and OK.


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7.2.2 Define a prediction case

1. Go to the cases tab. Right-click the History case (history match), and select Insert

restart case.

2.

Open the Define simulation case process from the process pane.

3. Select Edit existing case, and then select your restart case from the drop-down

menu. Note that the settings under the Grid, Functions, Strategiestabs were

preserved and that these settings are not editable.

4. Go to the Strategiestab.

5. Add a row to the table by clicking the Append item in the table button.

6. Select the Prediction depletion strategy on the Input pane, and drop it into the

table by pressing the blue arrow.

7. Click Applyto save your case, then click Runto run the simulation.

7.2.3 Prediction water flood strategy

1. Open the Make development strategyprocess.

2. Select Create newdevelopment strategy.

3. Click the Use presetsbutton, and select Prediction water flood strategy.

4. In the strategy type of the process window, drag the producers into the PROD

folder and the injectors into the INJfolder.

5. Double-click on the start date and change it to 2013-07-19.

6. Double-click on the end-date and change it to 2018-07-19.

7. Click on the Group rate production control item in the Rules folder. Enter a

Reservoir volume rate of 120000m3/d, then use the drop-down menu to specify

this rate as a target.

8. Click on the Group voidage replacement injection rule, and enter a Voidage

replacement fraction of 1.


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9. Next, click on the Well rate production controlrule. Make sure that the PROD

folder is dropped in as Wells, and that the control mode is Group control. Leave

the remaining fields blank.

10.

Click on the Well pressure production control. Again, the PROD folder should be

dropped in at the Wells field. Select Limits as Control mode from the drop-down

menu. Specify a Bottom hole pressure limit of 100 bar. Leave the remaining

fields blank.

11.Click on the Well water injection control rule. Check that the INJ folder is

dropped into the Wells field and that Control mode is set to Group control. Also,

enter a Bottom hole pressure limit of 400 bar.

12.

Finally, click on the Reporting frequency rule and select to report every sixth

month.

13.Click Applyto save the development strategy.

7.2.3 Add a new rule to an existing strategy

1. Open the Make development strategy process, and select Edit existing.

2. Select the water flood strategy you made in the previous exercise from the drop-

down list.

3.

Click the Open Add rules dialog button.

4. In the dialog that opens, left-click on the Well water cut rule located in the Wells

folder. Click the Add rule button. Click Close.

5. In the new water cut rule, drop the PROD folder into the Wells field.

6. Type in a Water cut limit 0f 0.9.

7.

Select Close well as Water cut action by using the drop-down menu.

8. Click the Validate active rule button to check the validity of the new rule.

9. Click OK to save your development strategy and to close down the process

dialog.

Documents

FDP Manual - Petrel Dynamic Modeling.pdf