Finish Motivations for Imperialism Activity• Please get out your worksheet from

yesterday about the motivations for Imperialism.

Pop Quiz for Candy!

1. What are the 3 economic things Europe wanted to get out of imperialism?

2. What ideology was used as a motivation for imperialism?3. List two advantages the Europeans had over the Native

Africans.4. Why did European Imperialism take off in the 1880s?5. What are the 4 forms of Imperial rule?6. Which form of imperialism was “a foreign power

governed internally within the country, and the colonized did not have rights or representation in government”?

7. What are the two methods of management?8. Which method of management did Britain prefer?

The Scramble for Africa

European Imperialism in Africa

Before European Domination

• Africa had hundreds of ethnic and language groups• Europeans first

explored Africa in the 1450s• Powerful African

armies had kept them out for 400 years

Missionaries begin to explore• Late 1860s• David Livingstone, a

missionary from Scotland, travelled deep into Africa to promote Christianity• Decided to explore

rather than be a missionary & became an abolitionist• Not heard from for

years, presumed dead

Livingstone & Stanley• American newspaper reporter travelled to

Africa to find Livingstone• Found him in the Congo - “Dr. Livingstone,

I presume?”• This event created a frenzy in the press

and sparked interest in exploring and colonizing Africa

Livingstone’s Significance

• Paved the way for the Scramble for Africa• Inspired explorers and missionaries• Inspired abolitionists

The Belgian Congo

• King Leopold of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo for him in 1876• Leopold said he wanted to end

slavery and promote Christianity- privately created a plan to develop the Congo (he did this independently of the Belgian govt.)• But – he forced Africans to collect

sap from rubber plants

The Belgian Congo

• Instituted a brutal, violent regime• Held women hostage to force the men to work

rubber plantations, cut off hands of those who did not deliver their quota (even children)

• At least 10 million Congolese died as a result • Journalists uncovered the atrocities and the

Belgian government forced Leopold to turn over the territory to the government in 1908.

1880 – The Scramble Begins• Push for expansion comes

from businessmen, missionaries and politicians• French began to expand

from West African coast toward western Sudan• Discoveries of diamonds in

1867 and gold in 1886 in South Africa increased European interest in colonizing the continent.

The Berlin Conference• To prevent conflict, European nations met at the Berlin

Conference in 1884-85 to plan to division of Africa• Decision: European countries could claim land in Africa by

notifying other nations of its claims and showing it could control the area• No African rulers were invited to attend

Berlin Conference Activity• Reading• Group Activity• Debrief/ Answer Questions

The Scramble for Africa – Day 2

Continued

You have 5 minutes to:• Finalize your proposals• Elect an ambassador who will present your

demands to the class

• Next steps• Present your territory demands• Reach an agreement (class map)

Answer the following questions on your worksheet:

1. What similarities do you see between your Berlin Conference and the outcome of the actual conference?

2. Who was not represented at this conference? Why?

3. What challenges did the outcomes of the Berlin Conference create for the indigenous people of Africa?

4. How do you think the outcomes of the conference may affect the African people today?

Map of the New Africa• 1914• Only Ethiopia

and Liberia free from European control

Which European power had the most colonies as of 1914? Which European power had the least colonies as of 1914?

Compare the maps: What statements can we make about European Colonization in Africa between 1850 and 1914 based on these maps?

•How does this political cartoon represent the Berlin Conference?

Clashes over South Africa• South Africa was one of the

strongest centralized countries in Africa at this time• Dutch (Boers) had settled

there and took South Africans’ land to set up farms in the 1600s

South Africa• In 1879, Zulus fought off British• Despite using spears and shields, they

almost won• But in July of 1879, they lost the Battle of

Ulundi and their kingdom to the British

Boer War

• Now British, Dutch and South Africans were fighting over the same land• In 1899, the Boers (Dutch) fought the British in

the Boer War• Brutal war: • Boers used guerrilla tactics• British burned Boer farms and imprisoned

women and children in concentration camps – 14,000 died

• Britain finally won

Averting War

• Read the document and answer the corresponding questions.• You may do this individually or with a partner.• To get full points, you must:• Write in complete sentences• Use evidence when you are asked to• Highlight or underline the document (annotations)