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Food Quality Labels: the situation today in Europe
Assembly of European Regions, Kriti
15 September 2006
Nikiforos SIVENAS
European Commission
2
Overview
Registration of PDO/PGI/TSG The WTO panel and new regulatory
framework Rural development measures Future policy review Work on quality certification schemes
3
EU policy on quality labels Wine: labelling measures to protect
designations & production methods – 1970’s For agricultural products, 1992 regulation:
– ‘designation of origin’– ‘geographical indication’– harmonisation of protection across EU
single market
4
MS registrations PDO/PGI155
147
97 9384
69
29
126 4 4 3 3 3 2 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Italy
France
Spain
Portugal
Greec
e
Germ
any
United K
ingdom
Austria
Nether
lands
Belgiu
m
Luxem
bourg
Denm
ark
Irela
nd
Czech
Rep
ublic
Sweden
Finla
nd
5
162 154
10089
79
18
Fruit &vegetables
Cheese Fresh meat Olive oil Meatproducts
Beer
PDO/PGI registrations by class of product
6
7
9
10
11
11
18
22
28
36
42
66
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Greece
Poland
UK
Germany
Hungary
Slovenia
Portugal
CZ
France
Spain
Italy
New applications received by the Commission (PDO/PGI/STG)
7
WTO Panel
Complaint brought by United States and Australia in 2003
40 aspects of the EU Regulation on GI attacked
Integrity of EU system upheld Direct access to applicants from Third
countries
8
New regulation on PDO/PGI – Regulation (EC) No 510/2006
Conformity with WTO ruling Clarification on competences between
Member States / Commission National procedure of objection Formal national decision prior to submission
to EU
9
Future Policy Review (1)
Issues raised by the Council :
1. ‘PDO’ & ‘PGI’ as ingredients
2. Alternative instruments
3. Scope of protection
4. Origin of raw materials
5. Criteria for generic status
11
Future Policy Review (3)
Other issues brought up by stakeholders
Agency for registration of PDO/PGI
Traditional Specialities Guaranteed – Scope – Representative body
13
Rural development support for food quality schemes Direct support to farmers (up to 3000 €) Support to producer groups for information,
promotion and advertising activities (70%) National food quality schemes Community schemes: PDO, PGI, TSG,
Organic farming, Quality wine
15
Certification schemes (1) Schemes cover wide range of quality
attributes– Processing techniques– Ingredients– Origin of raw materials– Animal welfare– Environment standards– Labour standards
16
Certification schemes (2) Pilot study on food quality assurance and certification
schemes Stakeholder hearing 11-12.5.06 identified problems:
– Excessive certification cost & private bureaucracy– Reliability of claims and consumer confusion– Differences in national legislation– Schemes as a way of procurement management– Internal market distortions
17
Presentation of « Comté »
Medium-range mountains
Natural conditions = difficult to produce anything but beef and milk
Old tradition of cheese-making
18
Comté cheese big rounds 63 cm in diameter and weighing~ 42 kilos
First French PDO cheese (50 000 tons)
Traditionally made in small village cheese dairies, known as the "fruitières".
19
Competition with Emmental
Production of Comté in small units
Emmental produced at industrial scale in this region
= Opposite strategies
20
Production (tonnes) Emmental and Comté
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
50.000
55.000
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
21
Milk price (€/tonne) paid to producersEmmental and Comté
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
23
Employment (per 1.000.000 litres of milk)
Comté Emmental
1,29
0,98
0,6
0,13
0,6
TotalMilk collection and first processing
Maturation and marketing
Packaging
Administrative
24
Elements for success
Good product Dedicated producers Organisation Controls Integrated approach to production,
processing, distribution, advertising and marketing
25
Conclusion
Quality policy increasing in importance for the European Commission– Debate on future policy review on
PGI/PDO– Conference on food quality certification
schemes, 5-6 February 2007.
Welcome input from stakeholders