French and Indian War

Pages 132-141

I. Powers in America

A. What European countries

owned land in America in

1750?

English colonies

France: New France

Spain: New Spain

B. England and France

have had a history of

trouble. 1689-1748

3 wars!

C. Advantages & Problems

1. Problem for French: They had the key

problem of attracting

a large population tomove and stay in

New France.

2. The English colonies

out populated the French

by:

15 to 1

Map:

3. How did the French

strengthen their defense

of their land?

They built forts along key rivers and lakes.

4. Why along key rivers?

Rivers were the “Highways

through the wilderness.”

The French wanted to

force the English to attack

by marching through the

wilderness.

5. Both sides will receive

Native American allies.

Which side obtained help

and support from the

Natives the easiest?

France

6. Why? Their major way ofmaking a living was furtrapping and trading. For the English it wasfarming. The Frenchoften lived with the

NativeAmers. in the wilderness.English farmers tookland from the natives to farm.

7. Why did Native Amersget involved in the conflict?

-The war deals with the land they are living on;-No matter who won, they will have to deal with the winner;-If they help the winner, they may receive benefitsafter the war;Enemy tribes joined a side forcing them to pick a side.

II. The Conflict Begins

A. What region of

America will the conflict

begin?

Ohio River Valley

1. English fur trappers

began venturing into the

Ohio River Valley.

French fur trappers

would fight with

them.

2. What should the

French soldiers do?

The French govt. ordered

them “to drive from the

Ohio River any European

foreigners & do so in such

a way that will make them

lose all taste for trying to

return.”

D. English Governor

Robert Dinwiddie of

Virginia claimed that Virginia really owns

land across the Appalachian Mts.

into the Ohio River

Valley.

1. According to the

French this was part of New

France.

E. Govr. Dinwiddiewill send a 22 yr. oldfarmer with a messagefor the French commanderin the Ohio River Valley.1. Who will be this volunteer?

George Washington

2. Message said The French must leave the Ohio R.Valley.

3. French Answer:No

On his way back to Va. Washington feels he is a

hunted person.

F. What assignment

will the governor give

Washington next? Go back into the

Ohio River Valley

with a group of

men

1. What are they to do? to build an

English fort on

French land.

2. Where? P 138 Build a fort where the

Monongahela R. and

Allegheny R. meet to

form the Ohio River.

3. What will Washington

& his men find there when

they arrived? A large, new

powerful French

fort named Fort

Duquesne was

already there.

4. What does he do

now? Build an English fort

at another place along a river.

5. Name for the fort:

Ft. Necessity

6. Before the fort is

completed it is attacked by a force

of French troops and

Indian allies.

7. Washington is

forced to

surrender

8. Washington and his

men are stripped of their weapons

and released.

England declares war on France

III. The French and Indian War Begins

A. Years: 1754-1763

B. In Europe it is

called The Seven Years War

C. War erupts in Europe too.

D. Sides

1. England and her Indian allies

Iroquois Confederation

2. French and her Indian allies

Huron & Algonquians

& several others

3. Later the Spanish

will enter the war on

which side?

French

Pictures

IV. European Style of Warfare

A. How were battles foughtin Europe? Armies marched in lines

Often flags and a drum & bugle corp. marched in front

On the battlefield, armieslined up in rows and firedat each other;then hand to hand

Commanding officers often stayedon high ground in the rear andsent orders from there.

Armies often wore brightly colored uniforms

IV. “Bull Dog Braddock”

A. Despite many advantages,

in the early years of the

war the French were

winning in America

B. The British sent a few of

their best/most proven

generals from Europe to

America. One was…

Gen. Edward Braddock British Commander-in-

Chief in America.

“Bull Dog Braddock”

C. Braddock planned

an attack on what fort?

FT. Duquesne

1. Braddock marched hisarmy into the wilderness. He had to build

a road through thewilderness to movebaggage carts andcannon.He had 1900 menincluding a fewAmericans

2. How did the baggage

carts affect the army’s

progress?

It slowed the army

forcing them to

clear a road through

difficult terrain.

3. Who was travelingwith Braddock’s army?

G. Washington wascommanding a groupof American troops.He warned Braddock ofthe dangers of buildingthe road and using thesame tactics as in Europe.

4. Results: French soldiers, trappers,

and Indians ambushed

Braddock’s army.

Sharpshooters shot from

behind trees.

Braddock had 5 horses

shot from under him

before he is killed.

Results continued Washington

escaped but found

4 bullet holes in

his coat.

½ of the British

force was killed

or wounded.

5. As the army retreated,what strange thing didWashington and a fewother men do?

Braddock’s body will beplaced in a cart. It will be moved down theroad away from the chaosof battle. Washington &

a few others bury him inthe middle of the road whereretreating horses and men

willwalk over the grave. They

didthis out of respect for him.

D. For the rest of the war,

what assignment will

G. Washington have?

He is in command of

a small force of Virginia

volunteers to patrol the

Virginia frontier.

v. A New Prime Minister

A. In English govt. theirprime minister is mostequal to our?

PresidentB. Who will become thenew prime minister whowill change the focus tosuccessfully winning inAmerica? William Pitt

C. England finally begins

to turn the war in their

favor in America.

1. Ft. Duquesne is taken

and renamed: Fort Pitt

2. What American city

will this become?

Pittsburgh

Ft. Pitt blockhouse

is the oldest

structure in the city.

VI. Attack on Quebec

A. Why was Quebec an

important city in New

France?

It was the capital

city and rich

trading center.

B. Defenses of the city:

Located along the

St. Lawrence River;

Part of the city sits on a

bluff.

Walls protect the city;

Plains of Abraham have

the most defenses.

A garrison of troops

protect the city.

Quebec, 1700

C. Who was the British

general who will be

successful in taking the

city?

Gen. Wolfe

D. How does he do it? He transports 4,000

soldiers by ship down the

St. Lawrence. Before

reaching Quebec they

use small boats at night

to row to the base of the city.

Wolfe & his army climbthe bluff at night andgather on the Plains ofAbraham.

E. The next morningFrench commanderMontcalm is surprisedto find an enemy armyoutside the gates of his city.

F. What was his mistake?He marched his armyout of the safety of thecity to do battle with

theBritish on the Plains ofAbraham.

G. Results: The Frenchwere defeated. Bothcommanding generalswere killed.

H. Next Montreal is taken.

I. The French ask for peace.

VII. The Peace Treaty

A. Name/Year: Treaty of Paris of1763

B. Terms: Compare maps p 133 & 140

1. Britain wins the war.2. Britain receives all French land east of the Mississippi River.

3. Spain receives French

West of the Miss. R.

4. Spain gives to Britain

Florida.

5. France may keep a

few sugar growing

islands in the Caribbean.