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Powerpoint French & Indian War
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French & Indian War
Competing for an Empire
French & Indian War Pre-assessment
1. When did the French & Indian War begin?2. Explain the causes of the French & Indian War.3. What role did the area around Pittsburgh play in the
war?4. List two groups involved in the war.5. What role did George Washington play in the war?6. List three major people involved in the war.7. Describe the effects the war had on North America. 8. In what year did the war end?9. Explain how the war played a role in causing the
American Revolution.
Rivals for North America
By late 1600’s England and two Rivals in North America: Spain & France
Spain and England often clashed in the West Indies and along the border between Georgia and Spanish Florida
France claimed all the land along the Mississippi: built a string of Forts to protect their claim
The Balance of Power
French Advantages Single Government Could make quick
decisions Many Indian allies Established forts in
Ohio valley
English Advantages Indian allies Strong Navy Colonial population
20 times greater Colonies were
easier to defend
Native Americans Take Sides
England English were farmers
and usually ignored Indian rights
Settlers expand into Indian lands
Found allies among the Iroquois: enemies of the Algonquins
Also won the help of Indians in Ohio Valley
France Indians controlled fur
trade French were fur
trappers Expected the Indians
to take their side Found allies among
the Algonquins and Hurons
The Ohio Valley
1. Why were the English and French interested in the Ohio Valley?
2. Explain why Native Americans mostly sided with the French?
Drama at Fort Necessity Washington was sent to
tell the French to leave and build a Fort to protect English claims
Washington attacked a small French force (opening shots of the war)near Jumonville Glen
Washington expecting a counter attack builds Fort Necessity
A strong French & Indian force attacks, forcing Washington to surrender
The Defeat at Fort Necessity
1. Why did Washington’s men attack the French at Jumonville Glen?
2. Do you think it was a wise decision by Washington?
3. Evaluate why Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity.
4. What would you have done differently?
A Plan of Union
Delegates from the English colonies met to discuss a plan proposed by Ben Franklin to work together against the French in Albany
Plan called for a Grand Council with representatives from each colony
Council would make laws, raise taxes and set up the defense of the colonies
Delegates approved the plan but the colonial assemblies rejected it because they did not want to give up power
Warm-up
What role did George Washington play in the early events of the French & Indian War?
English Setbacks
1755 British army under General Edward Braddock led troops to attack Ft. Duquesne
Washington was Braddock’s Aide de Camp
Braddock’s army moved slow: had to cut a road & carried cannon and heavy gear
When Braddock neared Ft Duquesne the French & Indians launched a surprise attack
French & Indian sharpshooters hid in the woods and picked the British off
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Braddock’s Defeat
Braddock had five horses shot out from under him before he fell mortally wounded
Washington escaped without a wound
Almost half of the British were killed or wounded
Over the next two years the French won a string of victories
Braddock’s Defeat
1. Explain how a much stronger force under General Braddock was easily defeated by a much smaller force.
2. Describe what you believe were the bad decisions made by Braddock.
3. What role did Washington play in the battle.
4. Evaluate: Why did the British fight the way that they did in the battle?
Battle of Fort Oswego The Battle of Fort Oswego was one in a series of early
French victories in the North America. August 10, 1756, a force of French soldiers and Canadian
militia under General Montcalm captured the British Fort Oswego.
The fall of Fort Oswego interrupted American shipping on Lake Ontario. The battle showed that European siege tactics would work in North American.
The Battle of Lake George Siege of Fort William Henry The Battle of Fort William
Henry in August 1757 resulted in Great Britain's loss of Fort William Henry to a French army under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm.
Following the siege, some of Montcalm's Native American allies violated his surrender terms and attacked a column of British survivors (women and children as well as men).
Turning of the Tide In the first two years the British suffered a
series of defeats and the war did not go well 1757 William Pitt became the new Prime
Minister of the British government Under Pitt’s leadership the tide of battle
turned British won important victories: Lord Jeffery
Amherst took Louisbourg and General Jonathan Forbes captured Ft Duquesne
Fort Duquesne Finally Falls Sept 14, 1758
Advanced force of 800 British Defeated
Fall of 1758 French abandon Fort Duquesne
Forbes takes control of Fort Duquesne November 25th 1758
Final Victory 1759 Pitt sent Gen. James Wolfe to attack Quebec the French
Capital Quebec was well defended and sat atop a steep cliff Wolfe’s troops climbed the cliff at night During the Battle both the Marquis de Montcalm and Wolfe
were killed The British won the Battle
British Gains
With the capture of Quebec the British win the war
Treaty of Paris in 1763 ends the war
Britain gained all of Canada and all lands east of Mississippi
Spain gained all lands west of the Mississippi