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French & Indian WarFrench vs.
English
French Possessions In North America
English Possessions In North America
French in North America
British in North America
Native Americans were caught in the middle. They lost a lot of land to the
Europeans who were migrating into North America
French in North America
British in North America
The Ohio River Valley was ready to explode!
Why?
French and Indian War
Causes:
1. Fur Trade
2. LandA.
B.
3. Indian Relations
Very important to the French. Made
a lot of money selling Beaver fur
1500s-1800s Beaver fur was used to make hats, they
were the fashion in Europe.
This is one of the causes of the French
and Indian War.
1. The Fur Trade
Beaver Fur
Beaver Trap
2. Land
French gov’t built forts to stop English taking the
land.English government
built forts and started to grant land to its citizens.
Another cause of the French and Indian War.
A. English colonists bought 500,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley to farm. This became the colony of New York
B. This area was very important to the French fur trade and hurt the French economically
3. Indian RelationsFrench had good relationships with Indians. English didn’t.
They wanted to take their land for farming.
Most French colonists were fur traders and trappers.
French only wanted the fur. They didn’t stay on the land.
They lived among the Indians and adopted their ways.
They learned to make canoes, trap animals, make snow shoes, etc..They learned Native American
languages.They took Indian brides. Had bi-
racial children
French in North America
British in North America
The English attacked the French fort,
Fort Duquesne. The attack
was a disaster for the British but it was the beginning of the French and Indian
War.
French in North America
British in North America
The French and Indian War was
fought on two continents
(North America and
Europe)
In the Colonies it was called French &
Indian War. In Europe it was called The Seven Years War
In America, they fought over control of the entire Western frontier including the Ohio River Valley.
In Europe, France and England began to fight in what was called the Seven Years War.
War
Advantages of Each Side
1. British/American Advantages:
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. French Advantages: A.
B.
British/American Advantages
A.Larger Population
1,485,000
B.Militias(Poorly organized and equipped
but…)1)They were ready at a moment’s notice.2)Had been fighting the Indians for over a 100 years.
C. Self-supportingProduced enough food
and supplies.D.Britain controlled
the seas.
French AdvantagesA.Didn’t have self-
government in French colonies. Didn’t have to “convince” colonists to help
B.Towns were close together and easier to defend
Advantages of Each Side
French and Indian War
Disadvantages of Each Side
1. British/American
Disadvantages:
A.
2. French Disadvantages:A.
B.
C.
British/American Colonies
A. Had to “convince” Colonists to fight for England
B. Fighting an Offensive War
Attacked Quebec and Montreal to try to win
the war.
French ColoniesA. Smaller Population
75,000B. Depended on
ImportsBritish controlled the seas.C. Not enough troops
France sent few troops over.
Defense fell to the fur trading companies and they weren’t soldiers.
Disadvantages of Each Side
Native American Involvement
1. British/American Allies:
A.
2. French Allies:A.
British/American Colonies
A.Iroquois League Mostly neutral, but did fight occasionally.Chief of the Mohawks,
Joseph Brant, became a colonel in
the British army.
French ColoniesA. Huron,
Algonquin, Ottawa. Longtime trading partners
Didn’t trust the land grabbing
white settlers.
Native American Involvement
Albany Plan
A. B.
C.
Draw Albany Plan on right
1754-Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies met in Albany, New York.
A. Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsylvania came to Albany with the “Albany Plan”, a loose union or compact between the colonies.
B. He tried to get a promise from the colonies to work together and with the British. He told the Colonists that if they didn’t work together and fight the French, they would all die because the French would see them as English and kill them.
C. The Plan failed b/c the Colonies were trying to protect their own interests over the interests of the whole group
The Albany Plan
The Albany PlanBEN
FRANKLIN
War Ends
A. B.
Results of the French and Indian War
A. B.
C.
Proclamation Line of 1763
A. B.
France and Britain continued fighting in
Europe for three more years
A.Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10, 1763-this ended the war in America.B.France surrendered all land in North America to Britain
Results of French and Indian War
Results of French and Indian War
A.Britain gained control over half the North American continent-everything east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida.
B.British decided to re-establish control of the Colonies-They set up a “line” that Colonists were not supposed to cross
C.British government was deeply in debt Britain began fighting in 1754 with a
national debt of approximately 75 million pounds, but the war effort caused the debt
to soar to 133 million pounds by 1763.
Proclamation Line of 1763
The British set up the Proclamation Line of 1763A.Told Colonists to not go west of the Appalachian Mountains (the “line”)
This kept Colonists close to the Atlantic ports and made it
easier for England to keep Colonists trading with them. It
was a way to control the Colonists.
B.Proclamation Line made Colonists really angry. They realized it was a way for England to control them. They wanted to be free to find land west of the Appalachian's
French and Indian War
Causes:
1. Fur Trade
2. LandA. English bought land in the Ohio Valley to farm. This became the colony of New York
3. Indian Relations
French made a lot of money selling Beaver
fur.
B.This area was very important to the French fur trade and hurt the French economicallyFrench had good relationships with Indians. English didn’t. French wanted the fur. They didn’t stay on the
land.
Advantages of Each Side
B.Militias1. British/American Advantages:
A.Larger Population
2. French Advantages: A. Didn’t have to “convince” colonists to help
C.Self-supporting
D.Britain controlled the seas.
B. Towns were close together and easier to defend
French and Indian War
Disadvantages of Each Side
1. British/American
Disadvantages:
A.Had to “convince” Colonists to fight for England
2. French Disadvantages:A. Smaller
Population
B. Depended on Imports
C. Not enough troops
Native American Involvement
1. British/American Allies:
A. Iroquois League Mostly neutral
2. French Allies: A.Huron didn’t trust white settlers.
Albany Plan
A. Benjamin Franklin came to Albany with the “Albany Plan”
Draw Albany Plan on right
B. He tried to get a promise from the colonies to work together and with the British. C. The Plan failed b/c the Colonies were trying to protect their own interests over the interests of the whole group
War Ends
B. France surrendered all land in North America to Britain
A. Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10, 1763-this ended the war in America.
Results of the French and Indian War
A. Britain gained control over half the North American continent-everything east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida.
Proclamation Line of 1763
A. Told Colonists to not go west of the Appalachian Mountains
B. British decided to re-establish control of the Colonies-They set up a “line” that Colonists were not supposed to crossC. British government was deeply in debt
B. Proclamation Line made Colonists really angry. They realized it was a way for England to control them