Mt. Etna, Italy Sara Booth

Volcano, New Zealand Meridith Blascovich

I. Cu to ca tri tGm 3 lp chnh Mi lp c cu to v kch thc khc nhau (mass/volume). V - Lp ngoi cng mt thp Khong t c cu to t SiO Lp v rt mng v rt cng

Cu to gm 2 loi V lc a V i dng

Cu to ca tri tMANTLE (lp phong ha) Lp mng gia Mt trung bnh Cu to t Si, O, Mg, Fe, Al Consistency is plastic. Gm 2 phn, Phong ha phn trn v di CORE (li) Lp trong cng Mt cao Cu to ch gm Fe v Ni Gm 2 phn Inner core l phn rn Outer core l phn lng

Qu trnh phn chia cc lp ca tri tS phn chia thnh 3 lp chnh V bao gm Phn v i Dng (xanh) Phn v lc a (nu) V i dng rt mng (8-10 km), dy c, c thy bn di i dng V lc a dy hn (20-70 km), C mt thp v to dng khi cho lc a

Lp (thch quyn - LITHOSPHERE ) gm lp v v phn phong ha pha trn quyt nh hnh dng a l C s thay i b mt tri t rt ln khi xut hin cc hin tng: ng t, ni la, ,

Thch quyn

Lithosphere l 1 lp mnh, nhng d v. Dy khong 100 km ca v tri t Dy hn khi trong lc a, nhng mng hn khi di b mt i dng. Lp yu hn, ASTHENOSPHERE , nm di lp thch quyn (weak layer).

Thch quyn

Asthenosphere l 1 phn ca lp phong ha pha trn. Asthenosphere l phn c nhit cao, mm, c tnh plastic. Lp ny yu, chy chm, cha hnh thnh dng rn Khong 100 to 350 km nm di b mt tri t.

Ph ln thch quyn l ATMOSPHERE. Phng ra cc kh trong qu trnh ni la hot ng v trong qu trnh quang hp ca cy

Kh thot ra t ni la cng gip to thnh nc trong cc vng ca i dng => S pht trin c bn ca Thy quyn - HYDROSPHERE Thch quyn, kh quyn v thy quyn cng nhau to thnh sinh quyn BIOSPHERE.

Rock Types and the Rock CycleROCK - a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals formed within the Earth.

Basaltic Dike Acadia Natl Park, Maine

Delicate Arch, Arches Natl Park, UT

Rock Types and the Rock CycleA MINERAL is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, consisting of either a single element or compound, with a definite chemical composition (or varies within fixed limits), and a systematic internal arrangement of atoms.

Pyrite FeS2

Diamond C

Beryl Be3Al2(Si6O18)

Rock Types and the Rock CycleThree types of rocks. These are present in the crust and at the Earths surface. Each have fundamentally different origin. IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC

Igneous Rocks- Cooled and solidified from MOLTEN material. - Formed either at or beneath the Earths surface. - MELTING of pre-existing rocks required.

Granite

Basaltic Lava

Sedimentary Rocks- Pre-existing rocks are weathered and broken down into fragments that accumulate and are then compacted or cemented together. - Also forms from chemical precipitates or organisms.

Metamorphic Rocks- Form when pre-existing Earth materials are subjected to heat, pressure and/or chemical reactions and change the mineralogy, chemical composition and/or structure of the material.Gneiss

Coal

Slate

Any rock type can become any other rock type given time and processes acting on them. These changes are reflected in the ROCK CYCLE.

II. Ha hc ca t

Cc cht v c

Nc & kh trong t

Cht hu c trong t

Cht dinh dng

Cc cht v c

t stD