HOW TO CONTROL CANCER

Putting Science into Practice

THE AIM OF CANCER CONTROLReduction of Cancer Incidence,

Morbidity & Mortality by:• Prevention

• Early Diagnosis

• Treatment• Palliative Care

REV

THE W.H.O. PUBLIC HEALTH MODEL FOR CANCER CONTROL

• Assess the magnitude of the cancer problem

• Evaluate possible strategies for cancer control

• Choose priorities for initial cancer control activities of prevention, screening, therapy and palliative care

• Set measurable cancer control objectives REV

PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CANCER

• Tobacco Control

• Diet

• Control of Alcohol Consumption

• Occupation and Environment

• Infections (viruses and parasites)

• Reducing Sunlight Exposure• Sexual and Reproductive Factors REV

PRIMARY PREVENTIONTobacco Control

• Education

• Legislation• National Leadership

REV

PRIMARY PREVENTIONDIET

• Education

• Legislation• National Leadership

REV

PRIMARY PREVENTIONAlcohol

• Education

• Legislation• National Leadership

REV

PRIMARY PREVENTIONOccupational Hazards

• Education

• Legislation• National Leadership

REV

PRIMARY PREVENTIONViral Hepatitis B

• Education

• Legislation• National Leadership

REV

PRIMARY PREVENTIONOverexposure to Sunlight

• Education

• Legislation• National Leadership

REV

Primary PreventionSexual and Reproductive Factors• Hormonal influences

• Sexually transmitted diseases

REV

EARLY DETECTION

EducationREV

EARLY DETECTION

DownstagingREV

EARLY DETECTION

Downstaging for Cervical CancerREV

EARLY DETECTION

Downstaging for Oral CancerREV

EARLY DETECTION

ScreeningREV

EARLY DETECTION

Screening for Cervical CancerREV

EARLY DETECTION

Screening for Breast CancerREV

EARLY DETECTION• Esophagus• Stomach• Colon and rectum• Liver• Lung• Ovary• Bladder• Prostate

TREATMENT

•Surgery

•Radiotherapy•Chemotherapy

General principles REV

TREATMENT

The Role of Surgery REV

TREATMENT

The Role of

Radiation TherapyREV

TREATMENT

The Role of ChemotherapyREV

TREATMENT

The Role of Hormonal TherapyREV

TREATMENT

The Role of Biological Therapy

REV

TREATMENT

How Effective is Cancer Treatment ?

REV

TREATMENT

•Policies–Treatment Policies–Referral Policies

REV

PALLIATIVE CARE• Palliative Medicine is the study and

management of patients with active, progressive, far-advanced disease for whom the prognosis is limited and the focus of care is the quality of life.”

Doyle et al (Eds). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. P3. Oxford

University Press, Oxford, 1996. REV

SUMMARY

• Cancer is a Disease of Lifestyle With Both Host Resistance and Genetic Components

• 60-80% of the Risk factors for Cancer are Avoidable

• Putting Science Into Practice Leads to a Public Health Approach for Cancer Control Which Integrates Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Palliation at the National Level