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Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab
Life Sciences 241 L
Objectives
• Syllabus
• Lab 1 - Cardiovascular system (Heart)– Anatomical orientation– Composition of cardiovascular system and
position of the heart– Layers of the heart– Heart chambers, valves, and vessels– Flow of Blood Through the Heart
Course Guideline
• Outline of labs
• Texts required
• Attendance
• Grading policy
Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy
Lab 1
Anatomical orientation• Anatomical Planes
– frontal (coronal), sagital, transverse
• Proximal vs distal
• Anterior vs posterior
• Superior vs inferior
• Medial vs lateral
• Superfical vs deep
• Ipsilateral vs contralateral
Anatomical Planes
Proximal vs Distal
Anterior vs Posterior
Superior vs Inferior
Proximal
Distal
Posterior Anterior
Superior
Inferior
Medial vs Lateral Superficial vs Deep
Ipsilateral vs Contralateral
Medial Lateral Deep
Superficial
Ipsilateral Contralateral
The cardiovascular system
• Heart
• Blood vessels– arteries– veins– capillaries
• Blood
Anatomical Position of the Heart
• What organs or tissues are around the heart?– Anterior?– Posterior?– Left?– Right?– Superior?– Inferior?
Anatomical Position of the Heart
Layers of the HeartSuperficial
Deep
Layers of the Heart
• Endocardium– deepest layer of the heart
– smooth lining to reduce friction of bloodflow
• Myocardium– middle layer of the heart
– location of muscle fibers responsible for pumping
• Pericardium– outer protective layer
– composed of :
– visceral pericardium
– paricardial cavity
– parietal pericardium
Cardiac Chambers
RightVentricle
RightAtrium
LeftAtrium
LeftVentricle
Heart Chambers
• Atriums– Receives blood from
veins
– Empties blood into ventricles through the AV valves.
– Smaller, sac-like chambers of the heart
• Ventricles– Receives blood from
atriums through AV valves
– Pumps blood away from heart through the semilunar valves.
– Large, muscular chambers of the heart.
Blood Vessels Connected to the HeartAorta
Pulmonaryarteries
Pulmonaryviens
SuperiorVena Cava
InferiorVena Cava
Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
• Superior Vena Cava– collects deoxygenated blood from upper body and
delivers it to right atrium
• Inferior Vena Cava– collects deoxygenated blood from lower body and
delivers it to right atrium
• Aorta– carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the
rest of the body
Systematic circuit
Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
• Pulmonary arteries– carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right
ventricle
• Pulmonary veins– carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left
atrium
Pulmonary circuit
Valves
Pulmonarysemilunar valve
Aorticsemilunar valve
Left AV(bicuspid)valve
Right AV(tricuspid)valve
Chordaitendineae
Papillarymuscle
Valves of the Heart
• Right AV (Tricuspid)– separates the right atrium
from the right ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.
• Left AV (Bicuspid)– separates the left atrium
from the left ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.
• Pulmonary valve– separates the right
ventricle from the pulmonary arteries. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction.
• Aortic valve– separates the left ventricle
from the aorta. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction .
Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves
Heart Valve
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Summary
• Introduction
• Anatomical Orientation
• Cardiovascular System
• Heart Anatomy
• Blood Flow through the Heart
• Take home assignment
• Next week - Blood Vessels