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Important Class information
◻ Office: HH2508⬜ Lab HH1413, 1414
◻ How Class will be structured:
⬜ Quiz over last weeks materials
⬜ Lecture (blended)
⬜ Lab Activity
⬜ Mock Quiz
⬜ Prepare to stay the entire time
◻ Cadavers, sheep hearts and brains
◻ Connect Instructions
8/26/16 Schedule
◻ New Material: Anatomical Terminology, Axial Skeleton
◻ Assignment 1 posted on Bb, linked through Connect
◻ Mock quiz 1 on Anatomical Terminology and Axial Skeleton
Anatomical Terminology
◻ Three Anatomical Planes1. Midsagittal/Sagittal Plane
■ Plane passes through the midline of the body
■ Divides the body in left and right halves
2. Frontal/Coronal Plane
■ Divides the body in anterior and posterior halves
3. Transverse/Horizontal Plane■ Divides the body in
superior and inferior halves
Anatomical Position
Head facing foward
Erect
Arms at side, palms facing forward
Toes facing forward, feet slightly apart
Why is this important?
Understanding the Difference
Superior: Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; aboveProximal: Closer to the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Inferior: Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below Distal: Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Anatomical Terminology
◻ Movements⬜ Flexion
■ Bending of a joint, bringing two bones closer together
⬜ Extension■ Straightening of a joint, moving two bones farther
away from each other
⬜ Abduction■ Moving a limb laterally away from midline
⬜ Adduction■ Moving a limb medially toward the midline
⬜ Internal/Medial Rotation■ Rotating/turning a limb towards the midline
⬜ External/Lateral Rotation■ Rotating/turning a limb away from the midline
Occurs at the shoulder and hip joints
Occurs within the frontal plane
Occurs within the sagittal plane
*all movements should be described at a joint!!
Examples: -Flexion of the shoulder-Extension of the hip -Shoulder Cirumduction-Medial Rotation of the hip-Shoulder ADduction
Anatomical Terminology
◻ Movements Continued⬜ Supination
■ Turning upward/anterior of the forearm or foot
⬜ Pronation■ Turning downward/posterior of the forearm or foot
⬜ Inversion■ Movement of the sole of the foot toward the midline
⬜ Eversion■ Movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline
⬜ Plantarflexion■ Movement at the ankle to point the toes downwards
⬜ Dorsiflexion■ Movement at the ankle to point the toes upward; ■ pull toes towards the nose
Occurs at the ankle (subtalar) joint
*all movements should be described at a joint!!
Examples: -Supination of the forearm-Ankle Eversion or InversionAnkle Dorsiflexion or Plantarflexion
Anatomical Terminology
◻ Movements Continued
⬜ Protraction■ Movement anteriorly; protrude
⬜ Retraction■ Movement posteriorly; retract
⬜ Elevation■ Movement superiorly
⬜ Depression■ Movement inferiorly
⬜ Circumduction■ A combination of flex/ext and abd/add
Occurs at the scapulothoracic, temporomandibular (jaw), and neck joints
Occurs at the scapulothoracic and temporomandibular (jaw) joints
Occurs at the hip and shoulder joints; creates a cone shape movement
*all movements should be described at a joint!!
Examples:-Scapular Elevation-Scapular Adduction -Shoulder or hip Circumduction
Body Regions (Anterior)
Thoracic
Abdominal
SternalAxillaryMammary
Pubic (genital)
Upper Limb
Brachial (arm)
Carpal (wrist)
Palmar
Digital
Lower Limb
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar
Fibular or Peroneal
Tarsal (ankle)
DigitalHallux
Pedal (foot)
Metatarsal
Pedal (foot)
Popliteal
Calcaneal
Plantar
Body Regions (Posterior) Occipital (back of head)
Cervical
Back (dorsal)
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
STOP- REVIEW
◻ Three Anatomical Planes (Sagittal (midsagittal), Frontal (Coronal), Transverse (Horizontal)
◻ Directions (Superior (cranial), Inferior (caudal), Anterior (ventral), Posterior (dorsal), Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal, Superficial (external), Deep (internal))
◻ Body Position Supine, Prone
◻ Movements (Flexion, Extension, ABduction, ADduction, Internal (medial) rotation, External (lateral) rotation, Supination, Pronation, Inversion, Eversion, Plantar flexion, Dorsiflexion, Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, Circumduction)
◻ Body Regions Anterior: Thoracic (sternal, axillary, mammary), Abdominal, Pelvic, Pubic, Upper Limb (brachial, carpal (wrist), Palmar, Digital), Lower Limb (Femoral (thigh), patellar, fibular or peroneal, Pedal (foot), (tarsal (ankle), metatarsals, digital, hallux
Posterior: Lower Leg (popliteal), Pedal (foot) (calcaneal, plantar), occipital, cervical, Back (dorsal) (scapular, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, gluteal)
Cranial Bones
◻ Frontal bone
◻ Parietal bones (2)
◻ Temporal bones (2)
◻ Occipital bone
◻ Ethmoid bone
◻ Sphenoid bone
STOP-REVIEW
◻ What makes up the Axial Skeleton?
◻ Cranial Bones Frontal, Parietal, Temporal
(mastoid process, zygomatic arch), Occipital (external occipital protuberance, occipital condyles), Ethmoid, Sphenoid
Facial Bones
◻ Maxillae (2)
◻ Zygomatic bones (2)
◻ Nasal bones (2)
◻ Lacrimal bones (2)
◻ Palatine bones (2)
◻ Vomer
◻ Mandible
Cranial Foramen
◻ Supraorbital Foramen
◻ Infraorbital Foramen
◻ Mental Foramen
◻ Jugular Foramen
◻ Carotid Foramen
◻ Foramen Magnum
◻ External Auditory Meatus
STOP-REVIEW
◻ Facial Bones Maxillary, Zygomatic, Nasal,
Lacrimal, Palatine, Inferior Nasal Conchae, Vomer, Mandible
◻ Cranial Sutures Coronal, Sagittal, Lamboid,
Squamous
◻ Cranial Foramen Supraorbital, Infraorbital,
Mental, Jugular, Carotid, Foramen Magnum, External Auditory Meatus
Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
C1: Atlas
C2: Axis
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4 fused)
Landmarks of Vertebrae
BodyVertebral ForamenSpinous Process
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
Cervical-C1Cervical-C2
Landmarks of Vertebrae
Transverse ProcessTransverse foramen
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
Cervical-C1Cervical-C2
Landmarks of Vertebrae
LaminaPedicle
Superior Articular ProcessSuperior Articular Facet
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
Cervical-C1Cervical-C2
Sacrum and Coccyx
Promontory
Median Sacral Crest
Superior Articular Process
Sacral Foramina
Coccyx
SacralCanal
Ala
STOP- REVIEW
◻ Vertebral Column Name the 5 sections, and how many vertebrae in each
◻ Landmarks Body, vertebral foramen, spinous process, transverse process, transverse foramen, lamina, pedicle, superior articular facet and process
◻ Unique landmarks Articular facet for dens, odontoid process (dens), vertebral prominens, inferior articular process, mammillary process, intervertebral foramen and disc
◻ Sacrum and Coccyx: Ala, Promonotory, Sacral Foramina, Median Sacral Crest, Sacral Canal, Superior Articular Process
◻ Intervertebral discs and foramen
Ribs
Vertebrochondral (8-10)attach indirectly to sternum via a shared costal
cartilage
Vertebrosternal Ribs (1-7)attach directly to sternum by costal
cartilages
Ribs
Vertebral Ribs (2)are not associated with costal
cartilages and thus not attached to sternum
Costal Cartilage
STOP-REVIEW
◻ Sternum: (Manubrium, Body of Sternum, Xiphoid Process)
◻ Ribs: (Vertebrosternal, Vetebrochondral,Vetebral)
◻ Costal Cartilage
MOCK QUIZ 1
Anatomical Terms and Axial Skeleton
Put away all your materials and take out a piece of paper
Instructions
◻ If it asks for a bone, identify only the bone
◻ If it asks for a landmark, identify the landmark
◻ For the movements, identify the joint and the movement⬜ For example: Flexion of the hip, or hip flexion
5. What type of vertebra is shown in the picture?
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccyx
1. Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior
and posterior halves?
Frontal or Coronal Plane
2-4 Identify the Structures
4 (bone)3 (landmark)
2 (Landmark)
Coronal suture
Mental Foramen
Temporal Bone
5. What type of vertebra is shown in the picture?
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccyx
8 – 10. Identify the three movements of the lower extremity being performed.
BE SPECIFIC!
8. Hip Flexion
9. Knee Flexion
10. Plantar Flexion