Abraham Maslow was a psychologist, the title derived from the Latin word

“psyche”, meaning mind. A psychologist asks questions and

makes observations to determine how a person thinks and how they behave.

The job of a psychologist is to LISTEN carefully to patients that are

experiencing difficulties with some part of their life, and help that patient adapt their behaviors to cope with life within

society.

A psychologist is not a medical doctor. He can recommend medication, but cannot actually prescribe it. He is not as concerned with the reasons “why” a person behaves the way they do…as he is with helping them simply cope with life. If the treatment/therapy of the psychologist is not enough to help

the patient, they may then be referred to a psychiatrist.

1908-1970

Abraham Maslow identified 5 basic human needs…needs that every human being must have met in order

to survive. A “heirarchy” simply means that some needs are more important than others.

In order to teach others which needs were more important

than others, Maslow illustrated his theory with a

pyramid.

He used a pyramid instead of a graph or a circle,

because when you construct a pyramid the bottom layers are more important than the top.

You need food, water,

clothing, and

shelter or you

will die!

If you don’t feel safe, you

become anxious and cannot

function.

LOVE Human beings

can actually die from lack of

love and affection.

A sense of feeling like you are “worthwhile”…

not worthless!

Be all that you can be! Use your potential.

A value is a STRONG BELIEF. Can you think of values associated

with these illustrations?

Miss Popularity

Good health

Religious faith

Country

Career

Money or what it can

buy

Education

FriendsFamily

We learn values, usually from our parents. Sometimes our values are influenced by friends, teachers, coaches, advisors, religious leaders, grandparents, siblings, etc.

A goal is some point you want to reach within your value

system.There are 2 types of goals:

1.long term goals; they make take months or years to achieve

2.short term goals; they may be accomplished in hours or days

If your value is education, can you name a short term goal? …or a long

term goal?

If your value is good health, can you name a short term goal? …or a long term goal?

There are three categories of resources available to you to use in reaching your goals:

HUMAN RESOURCES

(human qualities)

MATERIAL RESOURCES

(things)

COMMUNITY RESOURCES

(available to many people)

What type of resource is?...

MONEYUNIVERSITY LIBRARY

TIMECOMMUNICATION SKILLS

ATHLETIC ABILITY

A COMPUTER

A PIANO

INTELLIGENCE

AN AIRPORTCOMMUNITY COLLEGE

Procrastinate means to “put things off” until

another time.

I have a lot to do, but I think I’ll wait and do it tomorrow!

Procrastination stands in the way of reaching

goals!!!!!!!!!!

Homework late again? First things first young man!

List your goals in order of importance. This gives you a

sense of direction and helps you manage your resources wisely.

2. Individual wants.

3. Individual interests.

4. Individual values.

1. Individual needs.

Standards are “limits or conditions or the manner” in which you go

about reaching your goals.

When expressing standards verbally, you tend to use words like…

…only if

…as long as …even if

…no matter what

Morality is defined as “a person’s ideas of fairness and justice and right and wrong”. Your sense of morality influences the standards you live by. Morality is sometimes

referred to as one’s conscience or scruples.

The term ethics refers to morality and standards… especially in relationship to ‘how moral standards affect conduct’. A person does not always choose

to act in accordance with their values or conscience. Many students truly believe in honesty and agree that cheating is wrong… but they choose to cheat

anyway.

Psychologist Sigmund Freud,

1856-1939, developed a 3 part theory of

human behavior.

He referred to a person’s needs and instincts as their id. The action they took to satisfying those needs was

called the ego. Their conscience, which guided the action of the ego, was

called their superego. Freud argued that the 3 parts

should always be in a state of dynamic equilibrium

(balance) and if they became unbalanced the

person might suffer from psychological difficulties or

even mental illness.

Psychologist Jean Piaget, 1896-1980, developed a two part theory on how morality develops.

Part 1: The first stage of moral development, called moral realism, emerges during middle childhood. Rules are real, and must be followed strictly as if they are ‘set in stone’. Rules are ‘black and white’. Part 2: The second stage is called

moral relativism and develops later. At this stage, children understand that rules are created and agreed upon cooperatively by individuals… and can be changed if necessary. Rules may have some ‘shades of gray’.

Would you consider yourself to be a ‘moral realist’ or a ‘moral relativist’?

Level A: Preconventional moral reasoningStage 1: Obey rules to avoid punishment’Stage 2: Obey rules to have favors returned

Level B: Conventional moral reasoningStage 3: Conform to win the approval of othersStage 4: Conform to avoid disapproval of others

Level C: Postconventional moral reasoningStage 5: Abide by laws for the community’s welfareStage 6: Abide by ethical principles that may exceed society’s laws or expectations

Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, 1927-1987, expanded Piaget’s work into his own 6 stage

theory. In his research, he read stories to individuals and asked them to judge the

character’s behavior as moral or immoral.

Kohlberg believed less than 25% of all people reach level 6. He gave Jesus, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr. as examples.