IDEAS Magazine Issue 5

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edition ofIDEAS Magazine

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4 IDEAS H.S. MAGAZINE, May 2015

ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING CLASSEmilio ngel - 10th GradeSantiago Cabrera - 11th GradeAndrea Copley - 10th GradeSofa Corts - 10th GradePedro Daniel Gmez - 12th GradeRoberto Guerrero - 11th Grade

TEACHER COLLABORATORSDenise Zaidman - Pre AP Espaol 10Alma Guzmn - Espaol 9Martha Yanira Torres Pre AP Lit. y Cultura 11Ernesto Carriazo Espaol 11Andrey Porras Espaol y Literatura 10Susana Castellanos - Literatura Espaol 11Luis Gabriel Mora Latin Amercian Studies 9Thomas Ferrebee Pre AP English 9 Paula de Aparicio Comparative Religin 9Patrick Obrien Social Justice 11 - 12 Kristen Moore English 10Summer Li Chinese Mandarin - Chinese CultureFabin Velsco Historia Poltica 10 - 12Humberto Salazar Sociales - Sociales Avanzado 10Claudia Cern Francais 10 - 12Rosalba Figueroa Social Service CoordinatorMarcela Campos Social Service CoordinatorBrian OConnor Economics & Sustainability 10 - 12Guzmn Julio Digital Meda 10 - 12Karen Blesgraeft AP Biology 10 - 12

EDITORS COMMITTEEMara Lucia Puerta College CounselorKaren Blesgraeft AP Biology 9 - 12Martha Yanira Torres Pre AP Lit. y Cultura 11Adriana Murcia - EVL Library AssistantGuzmn Julio - High School Teacher

LAYOUT & COVERGuzmn Julio - Electronic Publishing Teacher

PICTURES & PAINTINGSStalin Lpez -- Graphic Design - Photography -- AP 2D & Pre Ap 2D DesignPatricia Angel -- Craft - 3D Sculpture -- Drawing - Stenceling and PrintingLina Sinisterra -- AP Studio Art 3D -- AP Studio Art Drawing & PaintingZamira Paez -- Graphic Design

PRODUCTIONElectronic Publishing Class

PRINTED BYCima Impresores E.U.

Special thanks: Shaysann Kaun (HS Principal) & H.S. Teachers

Colegio NUEVA GRANADACra 2 Este N 70 - 20 Bogot, ColombiaPBX (571) 212 35 11 - www.cng.edu

5IDEAS H.S. MAGAZINE, May 2015

Welcome to the fifth issue of our high school IDEAS Magazine which is an embodiment of student development within the 2014-2015 school year as well as the schools vision. With the participation of students from across high school we have been able to create a well rounded IDEAS Magazine with exemplary content from this school year such as: poems, short stories, articles, chronicles, essays, reviews, memoirs, letters, speeches, interviews, reports, biographies, graphic novels, and visual arts. All have been the result of hard working and passionate students who have ventured outside the box by exceeding what is asked of them.

Showcasing the diversity of our school community this edition of IDEAS Magazine serves to represent the various linguistic knowledge of students in Spanish, English, French, and Mandarin.

It is important to note that all works and content of this edition are copyrighted and will be available for all the CNG community to read at their leisure. Many students and faculty members have worked extremely hard and dedicated a large amount of time to produce a magazine we are proud to present to the public. This being said, we truly hope you enjoy the 5th edition of the IDEAS Magazine.

EDITORIAL


We are so very pleased to launch our fifth edition of Ideas magazine which highlights the amazing work of our High School students across disciplines for school year 2014-15. We hope you will take a few minutes of your time to sit down and soak it up. You will find here words, voices, thoughts, and emotions of our young people crystalized for this moment in time. This will serve as a look at their lives and that of their classmates at this point in time. They highlight important events, readings, thoughts, and memories. They want to share and have you understand the power of their written word or creatively crafted artwork. Our students are incredible and one way they show off their talents is through being selected by their teachers to highlight special moments and exemplary work. We thank students for their engagement in classes this past year and look forward to the year to come. May you continue to express yourselves with passion and share who you are deep inside to those around you. We cant ask for more from the leaders of today and tomorrow!

From the HS Principal


CONTENT - CONTENIDO - Teneur -

ANECDOTES - ANCDOTASCWW PERU Sophie Steckerl - 11th GradeA Life Changing Opportunity Santiago Acro - 12th grade

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ARTICLES - ARTCULOS Anlisis de una sociedad en riesgo Laura lvarez - Grado 10Momento clave para la reflexin Martha Yanira Torres - Rosalba FigueroaErrores de nuestros antepasados Beatrz Acevedo - Grado 11Estado-Nacin Juanita Moreno - Grado 9Women = Innovation Sebastin Lizarralde - 9th GradeUn punto intermedio Sergio Lozno - Grado 10 The Ladakh People and Community Sofa Corts - 10th GradeChallenge: What is Organic? Isaura Sizoo - 10th Grade Challenge: Ecological Footprint Carter McKay - 12th GradeChallenge: Ecological Footprint Carlos lvarez - 10th GradeBringing You the Latest News on Ebola Ana Gonzlez - 12th GradeVirology Juanita Cure - 10th GradeAll Our Dreams Can Come True Keving Zhang

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ESSAYS - ENSAYOS La anarqua est de moda Natalia cero - Grado 10The Perfect Recepie Cristina Soto - 12th GradeCruz, Descanso Sabroso Isabl Arango - Grado 10Escrito Comparativo de el libro Don Quijote Gabriela Franco - Grado 9F en la humanidad Sergio Lozno - Grado 10Escrito comparativo Gabriela Franco - Grado 9Escrito comparativo, El ser humano: Competetitivo o Cooperativo Juanita Cure - Grado 10La ciudad de las bestias Juliana Vlez - Grado 9Latin America: Economic Growth Mikaela Basso - 9th GradeLa religion y sus enseanzas en la antigua grecia y lasociedad contemporanea Mateo Osorio - Grado 11Paraiso Travel Un reflejo de la realidad Paula Jaramillo - Grado 9Comparacin ensayo sobre La Cegueray El Televisor Paula Acro - Grado 10Develando las pasiones humanas en el mundoMitolgico Sarah Kim - Grado 11The Economic Growth of Latin America Hannah Lazarus - 9th GradeTratado de culinaria para mujeres tristes.Un libro para reflexionar Araceli La Rosa - Grado 9La mujer: Dinmismo o estancamiento? Valentina Safi - Grado 11Evolution of Pacific Island Humans The Seven Daughtersof Eve by Brian Sykes Hyman Abadi - 10th Grade


INTERVIEWS - ENTREVISTAS Un parcours de lgende Alejandro Arango - 11th GradeUne personne unique Juan Carlos Giraldo - 11th GradeUne interview: La vie dune citoyenne ge Miguel Smper - 11th GradeLenfance de ma grand-mre Natalia Acro - 10th Grade Une histoire incroyable Sebastian Jaramillo - 10th GradeInterview mon grand-pre Jack Akerman - 11th Grade

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LETTERS - CARTAS Mon Dayana Zorro - 7th Grade Yurani Laura Liceth - 7th GradeMy Mon Kevn Fuentes - 7th Grade Big Huge to My Mom Danil David Hernndez - 7th GradeDear Godmother Cristina Irreo - 6th Grade

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93 50 Shades of Evolution: Sex as an Evolutionary Advantage Toms Pinzn - 10th Grade

POEMS - POEMAS Fallen Angels Anonymous - 10th GradeClones Natalia Acro - Grado 10Debajo del mar Manuela Sndoval - Grado 10El poema al desgraciado Natalia Acro - Grado 10El viaje Annimo - Grado 12La Odsea Natalia Acro - Grado 10La prdida de la cabeza Nicols de la Pava - Grado 10Las cosas Annimo - Grado 10La Vida Natalia Acro - Grado 10Leer Andrs Felipe Velsco - Grado 12Macondo Natalia Acro - Grado 10Octoslabo: y los Hombres Natalia Acro - Grado 10Teyuna Marana Montoya - Grado 10Vivir Valeria Holgun - Grado 10Te quiero Natalia Acro - Grado 10Soledad Mateo Urbe - Grado 10El Amor Abraham Rotiman - Grado 10Viajar Annimo - Grado 12Viajes Annimo - Grado 12

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SHORT STORIES - HISTORIAS CORTASBeowulf Andrs Silva - Grado 11El Bogotazo Natalia Corts, Ana Hernndez, Natalia Hernndez - Grado 9El nio del sicario, cuento ficcin histrica Pablo Hernndez - Grado 9El Nogal Isabella Adelsohn - Grado 9El ltimo viaje Alejandro Pupo - Grado 9La Celestina Nicols Cruz - Grado 11La sntesis de un guerrero en busca del amor Laura Becerra - Grado 11Mis dos mundos Annimo - Grado 12Pepe, El hipopotamo Antonio Mora - Grado 9Anlisis de personajes La seora Cora Michelle Akerman - Grado 9

COMICS - HISTORIETAS

GALLERIES - GALERIAS 1

PHOTOGRAPHY - FOTOGRAFIA

SPEECHES - DISCURSOS (SELF INTRODUCTION) Adelaida Lpez - 10th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Adriana Dunlap - 11th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Alejandro Vargas - 9th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Andres Sanclemente - 9th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Camila Matamoros - 9th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Camilo Leal - 12th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Daniel Sanclemente - 11th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Jessica Young Kim - 10th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Jong Hyun Park - 12th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Salvador Robayo - 9th Grade (SELF INTRODUCTION) Sebastin Onoro - 11th Grade

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Juanita Moreno - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


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CWW PERUSophie Steckerl- CWW - 11th Grade

As a society we tend to look at life from a materialistic point of view. We judge things by how beneficial they are to us. In September, my parents asked if I was interested in going on the eleventh grade CWW to Peru. At that moment I wasnt sure. Two months later they approached me again; this time the deadline to sign up was a week away. My decision was light hearted; I said yes, looking forward to sight-seeing, being with friends, shopping and eating everything but hiking for twelve hours straight.

When arriving to Peru I realized that the itinerary was one completely different of the one I was expecting. Two days after we arrived, we packed our bags for the extensive hike and left our suitcases in Cusco, heading out with only our hiking gear. Once we got to our campsite in Lares, we relaxed in the hot springs, ate some food and had some time to mentally prepare for the twelve hour hike that was waiting for us the next day. Many things come to mind when told you are going to hike from six oclock in the morning until six oclock at night. The first and most common statement: My body cant take 12 hours of hiking. The truth is, it can. Hiking a mountain at that altitude isnt easy, your ears and the tips of your fingers numb to the point that you cant feel them anymore your shoulder and back have severe knots from carrying a backpack and your calves, ankles and knees become sore from nonstop movement. The key is strength. Not from your body but from your mind. These types of experiences teach you that the statement mind over matter isnt a clich but a mantra. Another question is: What will I do for twelve hours on a hiking trail? Wont I get bored? Twelve hours of anything can get to be tedious, but surprisingly this didnt. Feeling the energy of the mountain and admiring the scenery was one of the most beautiful parts of the trip. Not wondering how much is left, but instead living in the moment and knowing that it will never come again makes one reflect on their thoughts and priorities. We live our lives dwelling in the past, and worrying about the future, but how many times a day do we stop to appreciate the now?. During these hours you get a chance to speak to your friends, but it is also a time to speak to oneself. Self-reflection was a theme throughout the trip once a day we would have five minutes to meditate on a different thought, but during the hike this self-meditation went further. Once I stood on the highest point of the mountain I felt a sense of accomplishment. Although I was freezing, legs sore and mouth dry I was proud of myself for achieving something great. It is not us who conquer the mountain, but us who conquer ourselves. Peru as a whole was a trip full of positive energy, many laughs, and an overall love from the community. Something I take with me from Peru is its beauty; it made me appreciate the beauty in everything. Our city is one full of pollution, traffic and noise, but many times we forget to stop and appreciate the beauty of it. When we live in positivity everything is beautiful. One thing I left behind in Peru were those little everyday complaints. Complaining and looking at life in a negative way will only lead us to live inactive and dark lives. We have all come in contact with that negative

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person who ruins our day and who spreads his or her darkness through anything and everything they touch. My challenge to you is to be that person who brings light into a persons day, who makes it better no matter what darkness they encounter. Because that light was Peru, no matter what obstacles I may confront in life I have that experience to guide me forward and remind me that ANYTHING is possible.

anecdotes ancdotasIsabel Caldern - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


A LIFE CHANGING OPPORTUNITYSantiago Acero - Sociales 12 - 12th Grade

Most of the time people dont really understand what Model United Nations is; the real meaning is a simulation of the United Nations headquarters. People from all over the world have joined this organization in different schools to discuss real problems that concern the whole world. Taking this initiative and trying to do something about it, is something we should be proud of. Although we dont make decisions that are taken into account, we assume the role we are assigned and we are able to agree on solutions for every problem with a whole committee full of people who think differently.

I can only speak from my own experience, but MUN has taught me to follow, to lead, to argue and especially to respect and value the arguments and opinions other people have. It has also increased my interest for world conflicts and my knowledge of them. I have also had the opportunity to meet wonderful people. These people I have met share an interest with me and I have been able to build amazing friendships with them.

MUN follows CNGs education by educating the mind, strengthening the body and developing character by helping the students to become leaders. Students are able to increase their knowledge and analysis skills while participating in the organization. They also develop their confidence, by speaking and defending a position in conferences inside and outside of Colombia with over 300 people each. Character is developed by raising the awareness on a problem and the fact of trying and wanting to do something about it; leaders act upon problems and do everything they can to benefit society. People develop a sense of patriotism for the world; we start to understand that we are citizens of the world before being citizens of any country and that we must act as such.

Since I have first experience my eyes opened to all that MUN really was. Participating in a conference was actually something serious. We werent dressed with a suit just because but rather because we deserved to act as grownups, and we were solving problems that were actually affecting people. And since then, all the experiences I have had with MUN have made me feel the same way. People interested in a life changing experience should consider joining the Model United Nations organization. After hosting UMUN IV and acting as the Secretary General in it, I can confidently say that it has been the most meaningful experience in my CNG life. It has also been the experience that prepared me the most for college and to act as leader in the future when I am a professional.

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Isabella Izquierdo - Photography 1 - 9th Grade



anecdotes ancdotasJuanita Moreno - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


anecdotes ancdotasMargarita Villavces - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


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MOMENTO CLAVE PARA LA REFLEXINMartha Yanira Torres - Profesora Espaol y Literratura

Rosalba Figueroa - Coordinadora Programa Servicio Social

En abril se celebra el Da del Idioma en honor de dos grandes escritores: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra y William Shakespeare. Otros grandes contemporneos fallecieron, coincidencialmente, en abril del presente ao, y se suman a la gran fiesta de la lengua dejando maravillosas obras literarias y de historia que fecundan el espritu humano e invitan a profundas reflexiones.

A continuacin aparecen algunas de sus citas clebres sobre las cuales podemos hacer magnficos ejercicios de reflexin.

El que lee mucho y anda mucho, ve mucho y sabe mucho Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Alcal de Henares, 29 de septiembre de 1547-Madrid, 22 de abril de 1616) fue un soldado,novelista, poeta y dramaturgo espaol.

Asume una virtud si no la tienes. (Hamlet) William Shakespeare (Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, Reino Unido c. 26 de abril de 1564jul.-ibdem, 23 de abriljul./ 3 de mayo de 1616greg.)1 fue un dramaturgo y poeta ingls. Conocido en ocasiones como el Bardo de Avon (o simplemente El Bardo), Shakespeare es considerado el escritor ms importante en lengua inglesa y uno de los ms clebres de la literatura universal.

Hay un momento en que todos los obstculos se derrumban, todos los conflictos se apartan, y a uno se le ocurren cosas que no haba soado, y entonces no hay en la vida nada mejor que escribir. Gabriel Garca Mrquez Gabriel Garca Mrquez naci en Aracataca (Magdalena), el 6 de marzo de 1927 muri en Mxico, abril 17 de 2014.

Incluso los malos libros son libros, y por lo tanto sagrados. Gnter Wilhelm Grass. (Ciudad libre de Dnzig, 16 de octubre de 1927-Lbeck, 13 de abril de 2015) escritor y artista alemn.

El automvil, el televisor, el vdeo, la computadora personal, el telfono celular y dems contraseas de la felicidad, mquinas nacidas para ganar tiempo o para pasar el tiempo, se apoderan del tiempo. Eduardo Galeano. Uruguayo 3 septiembre 1940 13 abril 2015

Dos de ellos fueron galardonados con el premio Nobel de literatura, Gabriel Garca Mrquez autor de Cien aos de soledad y Gnter Grass con su Tambor de hojalata.

A Eduardo Galeano lo recordamos entraablemente por dejarnos ese llamado a la conciencia e identidad americana titulado Las venas abiertas de Amrica latina.

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ANLISIS DE UNA SOCIEDAD EN RIESGOLaura lvarez - Sociales Avanzado - Grado 10

La sociologa, tema que actualmente vemos en PAP Estudios Colombianos 10, es la ciencia en que se estudia el comportamiento de la sociedad desde sus inicios, el cambio que ha tenido este y como estos repercuten en el da de hoy. Un tema que se estudia en la sociologa es el de las tribus urbanas. Las tribus urbanas son grupos que se caracterizan por tener elementos que los hacen comunes entre ellos y que buscan emociones y crticas a la sociedad. Muchos de estos grupos, tales como los emo, los gticos y los punk, son marginados de la sociedad actual, principalmente porque nuestra sociedad es increblemente excluyente de las cosas que no comprende bien o simplemente de las cosas que no estn dentro de los estndares predeterminados por esta. Tambin a muchas de estas tribus urbanas se les relaciona con la muerte y/o otras prcticas satnicas, cosas que no siempre son del todo cierto. Sin embargo, muchas de estas tribus tienen muchos elementos en comn, los cuales mencionar a travs de este escrito.

Primero, todas las tribus urbanas se unen por su bsqueda de la igualdad dentro de un grupo, en el cual no deban tomar una posicin en el grupo, como los fuerza la sociedad afuera de estos grupos. Tambin, debido a esta bsqueda de la igualdad que segn ellos nuestra sociedad no les pueden brindar, las tribus urbanas proveen un mtodo de expresin que muchas personas pueden sentirse felices y aceptados por una sociedad que los rechaza. Esto sucede porque la sociedad evoluciona y los pensamientos de esta cambian, que es esencialmente lo que estudia la sociologa. Debido a estos cambios, los estndares que tiene nuestra sociedad tambin. Por esto, debido a que cada persona es nica y tiene el derecho a creer y profesar lo que quiera, las tribus urbanas han cambiado y, en el caso de muchas, han sido creadas. Por ejemplo antes las tribus urbanas eran muy diferentes, los renegados, los excluidos, cada poca tiene a sus renegados. Dependiendo del tiempo en el que vivamos, estos grupos cambian tal y como cambian nuestras costumbres e ideas. Adems, en la bsqueda de la igualdad dentro de las tribus urbanas, estas le permiten a sus integrantes sentirse aceptados, ya que la tribu no los va a rechazar ya que no hay grupos o lderes en estas, todas las personas, a menos que hagan algo que haga que la tribu los rechace, son aceptadas en estos grupos urbanos.

Segundo, todas las tribus urbanas se distinguen por su manera de vestir y de lucir en el mundo exterior, ya que cada una de estas es diferente. Muchas pueden ser muy parecidas pero cada una es nica. Estas tienen esta caracterstica porque esta demuestra, dependiendo de la tribu, como se sienten acerca de la sociedad. Por ejemplo, los gticos se visten de manera muy plida, intentando emular a la muerte, algo que la sociedad cree como algo malo, cuando ellos lo ven como algo natural. Esto es una manera de rebelin pacfica, ya que las tribus expresan sus pensamientos acerca de las acciones de esta, lo cual los hace tener un carcter defensivo en contra de la sociedad. Este carcter es especialmente fuerte contra la sociedad adulta pero este carcter es ms para crear un reto contra esta misma. Este elemento, en su totalidad, es lo que le da a las tribus urbanas el sentido de marginalidad, lo cual significa que ellas se sitan al margen y/o en contra de la sociedad.

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Tercero, las tribus urbanas son la manera en la que muchos jvenes, tanto adolescentes como adultos jvenes, o simplemente personas en general, se expresan y viven experiencias que, en su vida cotidiana impuesta por la sociedad, no se podra vivir. Las tribus urbanas son grupos culturales que permiten a las personas, principalmente a los jvenes, experimentar experiencias nicas y personales, lo cual les permite a estos liberarse de las obligaciones que nuestra opresiva sociedad impone sobre cada uno de nosotros. Estas no pretenden en cambiar la sociedad, sino ms crear una manera de escape, una manera de huir de esta y as poder criticarla viviendo una vida social alterna, como un tipo de vida doble. Un claro ejemplo de esto, aunque no sea necesariamente sobre las tribus urbanas sino ms bien en la dualidad que todos tenemos como personas, que todos vivimos dos vidas, es El extrao caso del doctor Jekyll y el seor Hyde de Robert Louis Stevenson. Esto es un perfecto ejemplo para mostrar las experiencias que los jvenes quieren vivir por que al principio es solo un escape, tal como lo era para el doctor Jekyll al comienzo de la novela, pero termina siendo la realidad de muchos de estos jvenes, tal como lo fue para el doctor. Lo nico diferente en el caso de las tribus urbanas es que estas vidas alternas se crean para evitar la agresividad y competitividad en la vida social de estas personas, lo cual no fue necesariamente el caso de Jekyll y Hyde.

En conclusin podemos ver que las tribus urbanas no deberan ser relacionadas con el satanismo u otras prcticas mortuorias, sino como maneras de expresin, por ms que estas sean diferentes a los fuertes estndares que nuestra sociedad ya tiene tan fuertemente definidos. Estas no estn tratando de lastimar a nadie en especfico, sino de criticar a la sociedad en general y lo que, segn ellos, no est bien.

articles artculosLorenzo Snchez - Photography 1 - 11th Grade


ERRORES DE NUESTROS ANTEPASADOSBeatrz Acvedo - Espaol 11 - Grado 11

Releyendo los relatos hebreos de mujeres tales como Jael, Dalila, Eva y Herodas y Salom, me di cuenta de que en todas esas historias la mujer aparece siempre como una herona. Me di cuenta tambin de que todas ellas llegaron a ese privilegiado lugar no por sus mritos intelectuales, sino por su belleza y por sus habilidades en el arte de la seduccin. Segn esos relatos, fueron sus encantos las armas que les permitieron matar a los hombres, que eran reconocidos como fuertes lderes militares. Esta caracterizacin de la mujer refleja el afn de estereotiparnos como seres superficiales, incapaces de ser personas razonables. Por ende, mi objetivo en este trabajo es mostrar cmo los estereotipos que an discriminan a la mujer en la sociedad de hoy estn alimentados por este tipo de historias.

La primera de estas historias es sobre Jael, una mujer que logr convertirse en una herona matando a Ssara (jefe cananeo), atravesando su cabeza con una estaca y un martillo mientras lo albergaba en su casa luego de inducirlo a sueo profundo. Desde los ojos del pueblo de Israel, ella es una herona porque no lo mat en un campo de batalla sino dentro de su tienda, al calor de sus lisonjas y de una reconfortante taza de leche tibia. Este es uno de los varios ejemplos en el que se refleja a una mujer despiadada, que vence a su adversario recurriendo a sus encantos en lugar de su intelecto. Este relato impone el estereotipo de que las mujeres vencan a sus enemigos como falsas y atrayentes seductoras.

La historia de Dalila se desarrolla cuando Sansn, un juez judo, poseedor de una fuerza sobrenatural, se enamora de ella por su belleza. Cuando los filisteos se dan cuenta de su relacin, le ordenan a Dalila usar sus encantos para que descubra en dnde reside su fuerza brutal. Ella descubre que su fortaleza proviene de sus cabellos y los corta. Este relato sigue el estereotipo de la mujer que utiliza su belleza como arma para vencer y que adems acepta recibir dinero por asesinar a su seducido. Esta historia subraya una mujer sin escrpulos que hace todo por el dinero.

Eva, por su parte, la mujer creada para el hombre (Castellanos 15) es el relato ms popular, no slo judo sino tambin cristiano. Cuando Eva muerde la fruta prohibida, daa todo lo que es sagrado y es castigada, siendo una costilla del hombre, es decir un ser cuya vida proviene y depende de un apndice del hombre. Esta historia crea el estigma de que los hombres trabajan y que las mujeres slo sirven para servirles e ellos. Esto se refleja en la sociedad de hoy en da, por ejemplo, en algunos crculos de la India, en los que se utilizan a las mujeres slo para casarse y recibir plata, o en Afganistn, donde normalmente las mujeres no pueden salir sin un hombre.

El ltimo relato trata sobre Herodas y Salom. Por un simple insulto de Juan el Bautista, Herodas, madre de Salom, hizo que sta expusiera al rey los atributos de su cuerpo como extraordinaria bailarina, a cambio de que aquel decapitara al Bautista. Esta historia es un ejemplo de cmo a la mujer se le comienza a caracterizar ms por su cuerpo que por su mente y de cmo se vuelve un objeto voyerista para el hombre que ostenta el poder.

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Despus de haber refl exionado sobre estos relatos, me di cuenta de que los cuentos de estas mujeres se seguan generalizando, es decir todas eran heronas, pero no gracias a su intelecto sino en virtud de la seduccin y el engao. A travs de otros ojos estas mujeres se pueden ver como heronas, pero a m me parece que explican por qu la mujer ha sido considerada desde hace tanto tiempo ms como un objeto de satisfaccin o desgracia para el hombre que como una persona autnoma, que no es ni apndice de nadie, ni fi gura corporal para mostrar como trofeo de la esttica masculina. Si se fi jan en los cuentos de Jael, Dalila, Eva y Herodas y Salom, son caracterizadas por su seduccin, belleza y encanto, mas no por su inteligencia, fuerza, o independencia. Como en los tiempos de los romanos, cuya sociedad funcionaba como un sistema de castas en el que la mujer ni siquiera alcanzaba a pertenecer a ninguna de ellas, ya que la ms importante era la prostituta que merodeaba entre los emperadores. Hoy en da se ven muchos ejemplos de Saloms: por ejemplo, Miley Cyrus una cantante muy popular que se vende con bailes sexuales y Nicky Minaj que se caracteriza no por su habilidad de rapear pero por su cola. Podemos concluir de este ensayo que el estigma de las mujeres vistas como menos tiene sus races desde tiempos muy antiguos y que las historias hebreas aqu mencionadas representan algunos de los tantos ejemplos por medio de los cuales hemos sido y continuamos siendo estereotipadas.

Referencias: Castellanos, Susana. Mujeres Perversas de la Historia. Bogot: Norma, 2011

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ESTADO-NACINJuanita Moreno - Sociales - Grado 9

Para construir un Estado-Nacin eficiente hay que reconocer que es un Estado-Nacin. Estado se refiere a un grupo de gente que habita en un mismo territorio y son gobernados por la misma autoridad bajo las mismas leyes que hayan sido puestas por su gobierno. Colombia es un Estado soberano, lo que significa que puede ejercer soberana internamente y externamente con autonoma.

El trmino Nacin se refiere a una comunidad amplia donde el objetivo es formar un vnculo de unin entre las personas que ya estn unidas por cualidades como la lengua, la raza, la cultura o la religin.

El papel del ciudadano frente la construccin de un Estado-Nacin es convivir en el territorio en el que est de manera en la que mutuamente sea un ambiente agradable para todos. Un ciudadano tiene como obligacin obedecer las leyes para crear orden y respetar los derechos de otros. Esto crear el ambiente ideal donde hay seguridad, orden y libertades. El cumplimiento de las obligaciones de un ciudadano en un Estado es esencial para que todos los que conforman el Estado puedan convivir y lograr tener la esencia de Nacin donde los ciudadanos logran vincularse y aceptarse mutuamente para la mejor calidad de vida posible.

Hay tres grupos de elementos en los que entran los nueve elementos que componen el estado; los integradores, los articuladores y los administrativos. Los integradores son el territorio, la poblacin y la soberana de cada Estado. En el grupo de los administrativos esta la divisin de los poderes en ramas; la legislativa (la que crea, reforma o elimina las leyes en la constitucin), la ejecutiva (la rama responsable por ejecutar las leyes y directamente representada por el gobierno) y la judicial (la que administra la justicia en cada pas). El ltimo grupo, los articuladores, est compuesto por nacin, departamento y municipio.

El departamento se refiere a un departamento ministerial, territorial o universitario; el nacional, es relativo a una nacin que pertenece al Estado o es administrado por l y el municipal, se refiere a guardias de los que depende un ayuntamiento. La importancia del municipio en el ejercicio de la soberana es que es el territorio en el cual la soberana es ejercida y los ciudadanos que viven en este son afectados por el gobierno que controla el territorio y que ejerce soberana en l.

La constitucin de Rio Negro de 1863 logr traer reconocimientos de nuevos derechos para los ciudadanos. Durante esta poca el Olimpo Radical logr hacer reformas importantes para la modernizacin en Colombia para lo cual fue fundamental los nuevos derechos para los ciudadanos ya que ellos son parte del Estado y tienen grandes obligaciones y deberes hacia l.

Los radicales queran dar ms libertad, derechos y proteccin a los ciudadanos,

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desarrollar el pas por medio de la educacin, economa y tecnologa y sacar al estado de la pobreza y al hacerlo los ciudadanos lograron beneficiarse tambin.

El derecho ms importante que los ciudadanos obtuvieron con esta constitucin fue el derecho a votar por su candidato poltico preferido. Al tener este derecho la sociedad colombiana pudo hacerse ms responsable de quienes los gobernaban y hacan parte de lo que pasaba en el gobierno ya que era gracias a ellos que los candidatos eran elegidos. Con las otras reformas hechas por los radicales los ciudadanos lograron obtener ms libertades, salir de la pobreza y obtener mejor educacin lo cual les garantiza un mejor futuro y suba el nivel de Colombia como pas al tener una poblacin ms educada y feliz por estas nuevas libertades.



WOMEN = INNOVATIONSebastin Lizarralde - Pre AP English 9 - 9th Grade

CNN News Alert: Clouds of dark toxic smoke are invading the air, transforming this ordinary Tuesday morning into pure darkness. Fighting for a gasp of clean air, numerous people are jumping out through glass windows. Cries of desperation and fire sirens are everywhere. One entity to blame for all of the suffering of innocent civilians: the Muslims. After reading the true stories of women in the Islamic society in I Am Malala and Persepolis, I was incredibly surprised. The media tends to grossly exaggerate the news! Since birth, I have lived in a Western society, and I have witnessed how it has become exceedingly predisposed against the Islamic community since the tragic event of 9/11. Muslims are often referred as savages, assassins, and barbarians. In Facebook or Instagram, I often see pictures of Muslims with AK-47 machine guns. Are these perceptions about the Muslim society correct? Or do they just reflect the actions of a minority? Are they a result of political propaganda? Before reading these novels, these questions never came to my mind, I just blindly believed in the media. Plainly. Should you? Dont you? It was only after I began my school unit on Islam, which I was able to look beyond the nearsighted glasses imposed to me by my society. After thorough research and reading books based on true stories of the Muslim people, I started to question my preconceptions and beliefs. The overall Islamic community arent the brutal and savage society that the western world paints it to be. Not all Muslims are terrorists, not all Muslims abuse their wives, and not all Muslims have AK-47s stacked in their house. The Muslim community suffers from the generalization originated from the horrific actions of a few. Notwithstanding, the Muslims have helped transform the modern world through the creation of the Arabic numerals, the development of algebra, the establishment of the first university, the development of astronomy, and the creation of shampoo and soap. Nevertheless, the Muslim society isnt a perfect society. It has several social issues to resolve; particularly, gender inequality. In many countries Muslim girls are not allowed to attend school, and women are expected to exclusively take full care of their family and follow the orders of their husbands. In this society women are expected to be submissive and not participate in politics. Their life is simple: cook, clean, care, and follow orders. After all, isnt that what women are naturally supposed to do? Is it? Should it? Unfortunately, in many current Muslim societies there exist extravagant gender inequalities due to the misreading of the Quran. As its name suggests, the Islamic culture and community has an extremely strong religious essence. Or in theory. The gender imbalance received by women in this society suggests otherwise. The Holy Quran, which is the fundamental guide of the Islamic religion, highlights the importance of women within the Muslim community. It particularly points out that Allah has chosen [women] and purified [you] and chosen [Muslim woman in particular] above [other women] of the world. As stated before, females in this culture are expected to take care of their children, but with care

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comes teaching and education, and the Islamic society has the privilege to have the chosen ones, as indicated by the Quran, to serve as their educators. The chosen ones have taught the ideals, morality, ethics, and dreams to the successful generations of this strong and wise culture. They have managed to set a stable human nature within this culture, which has held it standing and strength for centuries. The importance of this nature is colossal, and such is the Muslim womans importance. Is it fair for the women who have shaped this prestigious culture with will inspiration, determination, and effort to feel and be depreciated? In order to change the misconception that women are inferior, it is fundamental for Islamic women to take action and gain more importance within their society. Firstly, it is vital that Muslim males appreciate and comprehend the importance of the role of the Islamic females. Secondly, women must educate their sons to respect their sisters, mothers, girlfriends, and women in general. It is their duty as Muslim mothers to correctly interpret the Quran and teach their children that men shall have a portion and women shall have a portion [of what parents leave behind]... a stated portion in a way that women and men are treated equally. Muslim girls must rise, and demand equality and education as well. After centuries of successful but informal child nurturing, Islamic women must take a leap and educate in a different manner in order to achieve greater gender equality. Furthermore, the Muslim community needs more leaders like Nobel Prize winner, Malala Yousafzai. This young Pakistani woman has dedicated her short life to promote education for women. Living her childhood in Taliban controlled Pakistan; she was forced to live a life under religious extremism without education. Having been born into a family that prioritized education over anything, Malala refused to allow her right to education to be taken away. After years of fighting, and even placing her own life at risk, Malala represents the brave and determined leader who is willing to give it all for gender equality. Her ideals represent the innovating solutions that the world needs. In my own western society, I have personally witnessed the importance of women and education, and the impact made by these two working together. Colombias current minister of education, Gina Parody, recently decided to give ten thousand full scholarships to those that cannot afford college education. She has changed my community by giving it hopes and dreams that leave behind the idea that criminality is the only alternative. However, the question is: If the Islamic society has been one of the most successful in human history, why should it change? Why should it give importance to its women? The answer is simple, for success to continue there has to be innovation. After centuries of complete male dominance and leadership, the Islamic community is losing its innovative and virtuous reputation, and it is obtaining a rather violent one. The world is radically changing; it is the perfect time for innovation. Women represent the key for this need. As seen in the Western world, since the Womens Rights Movement the world has undergone incredible change and innovation. Women present a different way of thinking that was lacking in the Western world in the beginning of the 20th century, and is now lacking in the Muslim world.

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In my country, Colombia, I frequently see female ministers, financial directors, entrepreneurs, architects, and doctors. They are contributing in leading a nation whose economy is rapidly growing and expanding. Lets allow all Muslim girls to have an education. Lets allow them to choose a path other than the path of marriage and motherhood. In conclusion, there has to be a change within the current Muslim society because it needs innovation in order to avoid its destruction in a changing world. For all of you male Islamic readers; respect and value your mother, daughter, sister, girlfriend and wife. Women, through their innovative way of thinking, have the power to transform and preserve the beautiful Islamic society.



UN PUNTO INTERMEDIOSergio Lozno - Sociales Avanzado - Grado 10

Las tribus urbanas son grupos que se caracterizan por tener elementos en comn (ideolgica y estticamente) y que buscan expresar sus emociones y crticas sobre la sociedad. stas incluyen a los gticos, los emos, y los punk. En la sociedad de hoy, estos grupos se han vuelto aislados, lo cual crea una idea de que son tab. Sin embargo, las ideologas en las que se basan son bastante simples y no es tan difcil pensar que en una sociedad como la nuestra stas seran aceptadas, como por ejemplo aceptar la muerte como algo que va a suceder (gticos) y expresar las emociones (emos). Pero entonces, qu hace que en nuestra sociedad no se sienta tan cmoda con estas comunidades? Esto se debe a lo radical que puede llegar a ser, o por lo menos parecer, estas tribus. Claro, el trmino radical puede ser relativo, pero los peinados exagerados, el maquillaje oscuro y sus aspectos extravagantes en general pueden asustar o incomodar a muchos, aunque para ciertas personas esto sea normal. Tampoco se puede negar que hay algunos miembros de estas agrupaciones adoptan actitudes obsesivas que tampoco ayudan mucho a que los miembros se integren. Y aun si todos los miembros fueran calmados y actuarn como ciudadanos ejemplares, el hecho de que se ven diferentes no ayuda a que la gente los respete o incluya. No estoy diciendo que la gente debera excluirlos, pero tampoco los culpo por no sentirse completamente cmodos con algo que entra en un fuerte contraste con lo que suelen ver en su vida diaria. Si las personas afiliadas a estas sociedades fueran aumentando gradualmente, de pronto la gente se acostumbrara, pero an as, va a ver aspectos que nunca sern aceptados, por ms de que se vayan promoviendo lentamente, especialmente aquellos relacionados con cosas sobrenaturales o con la creacin de nuevos personajes. No obstante, hay otro extremo en este conflicto que tampoco me parece completamente razonable. Algunos seguidores de diferentes religiones tambin se obsesionan y empiezan a discriminar a aquellos que no son seguidores de su religin. No estoy diciendo que la gente no deba ser devota y piadosa. Al contrario, creo que esto los puede hacer mejores personas, pero s hay que evaluar la situacin cuando miembros de diferentes sectas empiezan a presionar a gente de otras religiones. La forma en la que alguien lleva su vida espiritual es una decisin personal, as que es importante que la gente sea tolerante y no intente imponer sus ideas sobre otras. Teniendo todo esto en cuenta, una posible solucin sera que ambos lados aceptarn transigir. Las tribus urbanas reduciran algunas de las cosas que los hacen destacar tanto, o las haran en momentos privados, mientras que los miembros de sectas religiosas no presionaran a todos con quienes no estn de acuerdo. Esto sera satisfactorio para gran parte de la poblacin. En una encuesta que hicimos para la clase de Sociales, preguntamos a gente de diferentes generaciones si estaba de acuerdo con la libertad de cultos. Las respuestas de la mayora fueron que s estaban de acuerdo, ya que desde pequeos todos deberamos aprender a pensar crticamente, mientras que no hubiera socializacin de cultos, es decir cuando tratan de convencer a la gente, y no se permiten los extremistas.

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THE LADAKH PEOPLE AND COMMUNITYSofa Corts - Economics & Sustainability - 10th Grade

The Ladakhi society is based upon the ideals of a subsistence and Buddhist economy as the Ladakhis main priorities are agriculture, the environment, simplicity, non-violence and trust between one another. Emotions such as greed and superiority (competition) are virtually non-existent in the Ladakhi community due to the lack of financial concern and a money controlled or dependent society, therefore relationships in both the local and neighboring communities are built upon the foundation of trust. For the Ladakhis it is very important to trust one another, trust that they will continue to trust you, help you and trade with you. In these sorts of communities they are all so dependent on one another. If one falls or fails they all eventually will a domino effect.

The Ladakhi community is sustainable because they use the environment to grow crops that are essential for their food pyramid and existence as well as trade with neighboring communities in order to gain what they are not able to produce for themselves, therefore ending up with all the essential items needed to live a comfortable lifestyle. One of the main values of the Ladakhis is to care for the environment and take only what they need and not abuse the environment in order to let it replenish. This allows them to be sustainable as by caring for the environment they are able to grow crops on it continuously. The Ladakhi culture does not think only about the short term effects of their actions but the long term, making sure that future generations will always be able to survive and be dependent on their main asset- the environment. This caring and simple mindset is the key to the Ladakhi survival.

Globalization and the interference of the outside, more developed world, has impacted the Ladakhi culture in both a negative and positive way. The discussion concerning the impact is still ongoing, with young Ladakhis enjoying the new developments whilst the older generations are fighting to keep their culture alive.

Firstly, highway developments connecting large cities in India to the small Ladakhi communities have played perhaps the biggest part in the modernization of the Ladakhi community as they have given the rest of the population access to a once secluded area. The new access to the Ladakhi people by the Indian government leads the government to see that those people are not as modernized as people in other cities in India, which is not a positive thing for the government as those uneducated Ladakhi individuals will not help the country improve, develop, etc. Due to this the Indian government introduced compulsory schooling in Ladakhi communities. This new schoolings goal is to prepare these kids to work in the big cities and in industrial jobs. However, the reality is that those jobs are scarce forcing most of the young adults to return to their villages where they will not know how to survive or live like their previous generations as that is not what they were taught at school. This will also increase, the before non-existent, gap between the poor and rich of the Ladakhi community and the gender inequalities as women are left behind on the farms.

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Access to the Ladakhi communities via highways brings in tourism, which leads to the Ladakhi people becoming interested in the foreign culture and movies, which leads to the creation of new stores in their communities. Foreign tourism introduces new cultures (clothes, languages, mentalities etc.) to the Ladakhi community and that influence from the west makes the Ladakhi people see that kind of lifestyle as carefree and rich. This is because the Ladakhis are very poor compared to the tourists therefore making all the tourists look wealthy even though in their own countries they might not be, this causes many Ladakhis to want to change and be rich like them. Moreover, new cultures and ways of life are also introduced in foreign movies. These movies make the Ladakhis think that the western life is better than theirs and they can become absorbed in the western culture making them forget their own culture (especially the younger generations). Also, the creation of new stores in their communities can lead to social, environmental and economic changes. The social changes consist of new cultures, religions etc. being introduced leading the Ladakhis to become more aware and educated of other lifestyles leading to some people wanting to change to another religion or another way of life. The environmental changes include more population in the area as the products will need to be disposed and factories built as well as less space to grow crops as land will be cleared to create the new stores and factories. Finally, the economic changes will be mainly centered on the need to use a currency and money in order to buy these products and how the Ladakhi community will become dependent on the outside world to provide them with their basic materials instead of their own community.

Moreover, since the community will be based around money no one will be willing to help one another without gaining something in return. This, plus the fact that there is now accessibility to inexpensive subsidized wheat and barley, causes the incentive to farm to slowly disappear. Small farmers dont have that much power therefore their crops will not be subsidized forcing them to sell them at a more expensive cost which no one will buy when those crops are sold at a cheaper price elsewhere. Eventually this will put them out of business or cause them to fight over scarce resources with others in their community causing friction between different families.

In order to preserve the Ladakh culture and way of life the people need to begin to act against the modernization and development or use it to their advantage, but not let themselves be taken over and become lost in it. The root of their culture and sustainability, as previously mentioned, is their agriculture and farming. However, since international companies are slowly taking over and damaging their land by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides soon the Ladakhis will have no chance of relaying on their environment. Therefore, a solution to this problem would be to spread awareness of what is happening to their land and make sure the community understands the long term negative impacts of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Moreover, taking Ladakhi farmers and community representatives to witness sustainable farms in the West would allow them to realize that an alternative farmins using pesticides caring for the environment. Also, since the Ladakhi community in many ways idolizes and strives to be like the West showing them that there are sustainable

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farms in the USA might motivate them to change back to their old style or change to copy the West. The introduction and demonstration of solar greenhouses in the Ladakhi community will enable villagers to grow their crops year round which is very useful to them now that the government and multinationals are interested in their land they might not have as much at their disposal.

Furthermore, since highway developments have introduced multinationals to the Ladakhi people stores, tourism, restaurants, factories, certain transportation etc. have been built in their community forcing them to become dependent on imported and expensive fossil fuels. This has never been part of the Ladakhi culture as fossil fuels are harmful to the environment so a way in which a part of the Ladakhi culture can be restored is by having renewable energy. This can be done by creating and giving the Ladakhi people access to small wind turbines which will allow them to produce electricity in a non-environmentally harmful manner and access to photovoltaic power will give them access to lighting as well.

Also, the development and intrusion of the modernized outside world has created new economic pressures in Ladakh, creating gender inequality by leaving women behind on farms whilst men and young people head to the cities for jobs or to go to school. A solution to this problem would be to have annual festivals celebrating local knowledge, skills and traditions such as weaving or spinning. Not only will this remind the Ladakhi people of their own culture and educate foreigners/tourists but it will also remind the people how skillful and necessary the women in the community are.

In conclusion, new unsustainable ways of agricultural farming and techniques are deteriorating the environment which means it will not be sustainable for future generations, forcing future generations to live in modernized communities as their culture will be lost. In many ways the modern development of the Ladakhi communities is causing pollution, loss of personal and cultural identity and sense of community however, some (especially those in the younger generations) believe that this new development is better for their community as it creates more opportunities and can lead to a more materialistic lifestyle which because, of all the positive influence, appeals to them. Overall, many Ladakhis wanting to preserve their old living styles now feel powerless against the multinationals and government however, as explored in this essay there are various ways to save their unique and remarkable culture and values.

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CHALLENGE: WHAT IS ORGANIC?Isaura Sizoo - Economics & Sustainability - 10th Grade

What is organic food? For foods to be labelled organic at least 95% of the ingredients must come from organically produced plants and animals. Organic food must display a code number and a organic logo. The USDA says that the goal or organic foods and organic farming is to: integrate cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity.

What does the USDA Organic label mean? A USDA organic seal on your food shows that the items must have an ingredient list that contents should be 95% or more certified organic. Meaning it is free from addictive pesticides, chemical fertilizers and dyes. The remaining 5% may only be foods or processed with additives on an approved list.

Does Colombia have an organic food standard (like the USDA organics?)Yes, I found an organization called ACOC Colombia. The Asociacin de Caficultores Orgnicos de Colombia (ACOC) is located in the Cauca region in southwestern Colombia. It was created in 1992 and became Fair trade certified by Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International (FLO) in 1994. Another organization I found was SGS Colombia. It is an organization that tries to help trading parties to do business fairly and to make both parties feel fulfilled in their side of the deal. They certify that products are followed within the laws, regulations, rules, standards, import/export requirements, safety regulations, chemical composition, durability and environmental impact. They inspect and test all products

Does your family buy organic food? Who buys the food? What do they know and say Me and my family usually do not consciously think about buying specific organic food. But over the years, we have changed our meal pattern. At first we always just bought the cheapest thing we could find in the supermarket, not really caring or checking where it came from. At some point however we started noticing that organic foods or foods that are of better quality tasted better. We also cut down on certain foods we used to eat such as meat. We used to eat a lot of meat, rice, bread and a lot of carbs. We cut off those foods, since we figured it would be better for our health and we created a new diet. Instead, now we eat a lot of vegetables and fish and once a week we eat meat. We always go grocery shopping once a week all together. At first we didnt know or care about organic foods but now we always watch what we eat and where it comes from (or at least we try).

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CHALLENGE: ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTCarter McKay - Economics & Sustainability - 12th Grade

Reflection:

In doing this, I was rather pleasantly surprised. Im not sure how accurate this is, but my test came back saying that for everyone to live like I do, we would only need around 1.1 Earths. This is great for someone living in a 1st world reality. The things that most contributed to it being this low is that I do not own a car, eat several vegetarian meals per week, and dont buy electronics more than every few years. Easily the things that I do that are the worst for the planet are the fact that I used the maximum amount of electricity per month. I could reduce this by not leaving my electronics on when I leave the room which I tend to do.

However, when I did the test based on my habits outside of Colombia, I take up 5.5 Earths. Here, to reduce my footprint I could eat more locally grown food, which we are fairly bad at in the US. I also drive more often in a car, although mostly on trips. To reduce this I could try to survive almost always on public transit, which I almost always do anyways but there is always room for improvement. I should finally also try to eat 3 more vegetarian meals per week. Doing this I could reduce my footprint by over 10%.

It is important for us all to try to get our footprint down or near to 1.0 earths per person. This is what we will eventually need to all reach - or hopefully go below -in order to be able to continue living on the planet. And while I know for some of us it isnt exactly possible with our current lifestyle, it is important to start approaching this goal and hope advances in knowledge and tech help us along the way.

Max de la Espriella - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


CHALLENGE: ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTCarlos lvarez - Economics & Sustainability - 10th Grade

Reflections after taking a footprint calculator quiz from www.footprintnetwork.org

Share three activities in your life that are the most carbon-intensive. Some activities in my life that are most carbon-intensive are:

The way I eat, because I eat a lot of meat and/or chicken per week, which causes for a lot of carbon footprint on my behalf. The way I use transportation because I use the car a lot. If it is not my driver using it

to drive me and my family or me and my friends to and from places every day, it is me driving, too. Also, I travel a lot every year (on airplane) which, too, has a lot of negative effects. Lastly, the amount of resources in my house (including its furniture and what it is

actually made of) tells me that my family and I have really been creating a negative impact now that furniture is often replaced.

Pick one aspect of your life that would be easy to change and would diminish your carbon output. Tell us about it and what your strategy would be for change.

I think that one aspect of my life that would be easy to change would be something like the way I eat because it is easy to get the nutrients from somewhere else rather than just eating meat/chicken very often during the week. I could start to eat things, like fruits or vegetables, that dont cause as much harm (carbon footprint) in an environment like mine.

In two sentences tell us why it is crucial for you to minimize your carbon footprint.

It is crucial for me to minimize my carbon-footprint because first of all, according to the calculator, it would take about 1.8 earths if everyone lived the same lifestyle as me. In my mind I know that that is a lot because not even today do people use this amount of earth for their own lifestyles. Therefore, I know that the way I am living and the activities in my life are damaging the earth itself because I have a high carbon footprint. Secondly, according to my calculator, I also take up 3.2 global hectares of the earths productive land. I,too, know that this is a lot coming from just one person. Therefore, in order for other people to start reducing their carbon-footprint, I must do so my own and set an example of what a healthy lifestyle I can still be having if I simply reduce some of my uses yearly.

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BRINGING YOU THE LATEST NEWS ON EBOLA

Ana Gonzlez - AP Biology - 12th Grade

The most common known animal used to test for Ebola have been monkeys since their genetic makeup is somewhat similar to ours. In the book The Hot Zone, it was the large crab eating Macaques monkeys brought in from the Philippines that brought the disease over to the Monkey House in Virginia. These monkeys were very large, aggressive, and hard to control if they ever escaped. With this group of monkeys brought in was where researchers realized that they were dealing with a different type of strain unknown at the time called Ebola Reston, similar to the Zaire strain, but with the big difference that it didnt affect humans. Although today they still use the Macaques monkeys to test for Ebola, in Dr. Kobingers testing for the transmission of Ebola between animals, he used piglets as his host, said The Disease Daily. Another Ebola testing specie arises, and these are the cattles around the farms of South Dakota. NBC News released an article about a week ago informing us about a herd of cloned, genetically engineered cattle incubating antibodies against the Ebola virus. Researchers hope that these cattles can produce lots of blood plasma that can be used to treat people infected with Ebola virus.

Scientist have had a rough time trying to come up with different drugs that can stop the spread of Ebola. Fortunately, we are now more technologically advanced and science has grown immensely giving us a wider variety of drugs that can be used. When Ebola Reston was first discovered in Virginia, Dr. C.J. Peters, the leader of the army team, had knowledge and experience on what this virus could do to the community around them so they decided that the fastest way to get out of this mess was to use the Army scientists to put the monkeys down to stop the spread of the virus. A Canadian study on Rhesus Macaque monkey was released by USA Today. A drug called ZMapp made by Mapp Biopharmaceuticals of San Diego, allowed 18 Rhesus Macaques monkeys infected with a lethal dose of Ebola to recover. The drug worked even when given five days after infection. ZMapp is a drug which includes 3 man-made antibodies to Ebola, and it takes months to produce. Icon Genetics has developed a process to produce proteins and enzymes from a plant called Nicotiana benthamiana (relative to tobacco) that is used in the production of ZMapp, which hasnt been formally tested on humans.

Different types of testings procedures have been practiced on different animals to test for Ebola. For example, in the Hot Zone, after the monkeys were put down the procedure taken to test for Ebola was collecting small pieces of their

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liver and spleen. These samples were then ran through electron microscopes by Peter Jahrling an army civilian virologist, who saw how the monkey cells glowed when mixed with Ebola Zaire plasma. As mentioned earlier, The Disease Daily presented a study in which they injected a number of piglets with the Zaire strain. The piglets were then placed in a room with four macaques monkeys, but separated by wire cages to prevent contact between the species.

Within a few days, the piglets showed clinical signs of Ebola infection, but nine days after, all piglets appeared to be recovered. However, within eight days of exposure, two of the four monkeys showed signs of Ebola, and four days later, the remaining two monkeys were sick too. There is a possibility that the fi rst two monkeys infected the other two, but this study shows that transmission of Ebola is possible between two animals, and it can either be airborne, by droplets, or vomite. Another possible solution, reported by NBC News, that might help Ebola patients, are the cattles that have been genetically engineered with human DNA so that their bodies dont produce cattle antibodies but human antibodies. Theyre cloned to make a herd of genetically identical, part-human animals. Theyre vaccinated against deadly diseases, like Ebola and their bodies produce antibodies in response... Plasma is removed and the antibodies are taken out. The antibodies, which are identical to human antibodies are shipped to USAMRIID labs for testing, hoping that they can be used to treat people with Ebola.

Scientists have expanded their knowledge of Ebola throughout the years with new technology and testing materials. Without these studies and improvements being done, there would be no advance in the treatment or the Ebola. This affects the human population because without the knowledge we have today we wouldnt know the right precautions or actions needed to take in order to stop the spread of

this horrifi c virus that could potentially wipe us all out.

Genetically-Modifi ed Cattle With Human DNA Might Hold Ebola Cure.My ArkLamiss. 19 Jan. 2015 Web 26 Jan 2015.http://www.myarklamiss.com/story/d/story/genetically-modifi ed-cattle-with-human-dna-might-h/17150/pFyvvpV6QU6kqaKMa6z9QQ

From Pigs to Monkeys, Ebola Goes Airborne. - HealthMap. From Pigs to Monkeys, Ebola Goes Airborne - HealtMap. 21 Nov. 2012. Web 26 Jan 2015http://www.healthmap.org/site/diseasedaily/article/pigs-monkeys-ebola-goes-airborne-112112

Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone. New York: Random House. 1994. Print.

Szabo, Liz. Experimental Ebola drug cured 100% of monkeys tested. USA Today. Gannett. 29 Aug. 2014. Web 24 Jan. 2015.http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/29/ebola-zmapp-success-monkeys/14793487/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ thumb/c/ce/Gibraltar_Barbary_Macaque. jpg/1280px-Gibraltar_Barbary_Macaque.jpg

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VIROLOGYJuanita Cure - AP Biology - 10th Grade

Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiversity and highly changing biospheres on Earth. However, as human activity takes its toll on the planet, conditions are changing rapidly, placing additional selective pressures on the rain forests organisms. A rapidly changing ecosystem calls for rapidly changing life forms and few match the hyper-evolving, hyper-mutant, and highly adaptive RNA tropical viruses. An incredibly fast replication rate, immense variety, and a high mutation rate enables viruses to quickly develop new strains capable of thriving in their surrounding environmentseven before any changes have taken place. With their ability of keeping up

The AIDS virus and other emerging viruses are surviving the wreck of the tropical biosphere

because they can mutate faster than any changes taking place in their ecosystems. -Richard Preston, The Hot Zone

and thriving within a quickly deteriorating ecosystem, several viruses have adapted to infect new tissues, new niches and new hosts. Emerging RNA viruses have fast, but optimal, mutation rates within the error threshold, meaning that the viruses have mutation rates fast enough to develop beneficial and adaptive mutations, but slow enough to prevent the accumulation of too many harmful ones. A lack of proofreading enzymes within viruses causes more errors in the process of replication, a wider variation of copies, and ultimately an increase in genetic diversity. When combined with these viruses extremely fast replication rate, evolution occurs at astounding rates. As said by the Public Broadcasting Service, in microbiology, the impact of evolution can make itself felt in months, even weeks, and do so in a manner that directly affects the survival of larger species such as ourselves. According to the Journal of Virology, natural selection significantly supports viral hyper-evolution when (i) environments change rapidly over time, as for viruses coping with host defense mechanisms such as the immune system or RNA silencing, or (ii) environments are heterogeneous and consist of multiple ecological niches, as for viruses infecting different host species or even replicating into different tissues and organs within a single host. Both of these

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conditions are met in tropical climates and within the human body to create the perfect combination for a biological nightmare for us, the hosts, as our guests become excessively comfortable within our cells. Furthermore, as viruses evolve, they become progressively harder to fi ght back medically. Selective pressures induced through developed drugs encourage the thriving and domination of resistant viral strains, as the drug acts upon only a single strain. Despite the developments of highly active antiretroviral therapies that attack viruses with a variety of antiviral drugs and structured treatment interruptions that temporarily disable large amounts of viruses, infection treatments are a long way from fi ghting off the threat. Nestled within indispensable cells within our bodies and never completely suppressed or stopped by anti-viral treatments, these viral, silent killers are destroying human kind from the inside, taking advantage of a modern and intricately connected world to spread quickly and extensively, initially striking the less developed and more ignored corners of the world.

Today, humanity is facing the devastation of highly adaptive viruses, with terrifyingly large and lethal outbreaks currently starring HIV (AIDS) and Ebola. Having emerged from the depths of African rain forests, both viruses have managed to infect humans from contact with another species, monkeys in the case of HIV and a still unknown host in the case of Ebola. These viruses arent new humans had encountered them before in minor outbreaks, largely ignored on a global scale. However, as we worried about internal wars, political confl icts, and economic crises, natures silent killers strengthened quickly and are making a terrifying comeback, claiming thousands of lives. An increasingly interacting international network makes bio containment a lot more diffi cult than before.

Viral infections have become a race against time and nature. The real question is, will we manage to fi ght back in time, or will the viruses always remain ahead of us?

As life forms, viruses are just inherently interesting. Its the microworldthis universe of life too small for us to seebut its profoundly complicated, and immensely powerful. Ebola is like a beautiful and frightening predator. There is a wonder in the operations of nature that cant be denied, even when were the losers-Richard Preston on current Ebola outbreak

Works cited:-Evolution and AIDS. PBS. PBS, 2001. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.-Elena, Santiago F., and Rafael Sanjun. Adaptive Value of High Mutation Rates of RNA Viruses: Separating Causes from Consequences. Journal of Virology.American Society for Microbiology, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.-Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone. New York: Random House, 1994. Print.-Preston, Richard. The Ebola Wars. The New Yorker. THe New Yorker, 27 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.1 http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_WMdGdPSdn0U/TStshCbl5SI/AAAAAAAABFI/Z6jJQ1dFyC4/s400/silver%2Bnano.jpg

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ALL OUR DREAMS CAN COME TRUEKevin Zhang - Chinsese Coordinator

CNG 2012 Alumni, David Janna, used to be CNG personero, studying in ECNU(East-China Normal University) in Shanghai. On May 4, 2015 he got the awards of TOP TEN Excellent Students of the ECNU, from 14,192 local students and 3,100 foreign students. He is the only one foreign student of the top ten. He is the proud of CNG! When he was in Grade8, he got a dream to study in China, and he would master the most difficult language in the world he thought. And then he studied 4 years mandarin in CNG got the Confucius scholarships in 2012 for studying one year in ECNU in Shanghai. Owing to his great efforts and scores he got, he received another scholarships of studying 4 years of his career in the same university with Chinese students in Chinese. He not only made his dream come true, but also he became a new personero for Colombia in China. Here is the Awards presentation about him in Chinese.

2013

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articles artculosMiranda Urbe - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


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LA ANARQUA EST DE MODANatalia cero - Sociales Avanzado - Grado 10

Existen diversas formas de controlar o dominar un grupo. Una de estas es la conocida autocracia. Para poder analizar si un aspecto como la autocracia se ha vuelto dominante en nuestra sociedad, es necesario saber qu es. De acuerdo con la Real Academia Espaola, la autocracia se refiere a un sistema de gobierno en el cual la voluntad de una sola persona es la suprema ley y al buscar la palabra gobernar sali mandar a regir algo con autoridad. Personalmente me alegra que sean estas definiciones, pues da una variedad ms amplia de la cual hablar. Aunque personalmente en desacuerdo, objetivamente me parece que la autocracia es un tema fascinante y por irnico que parezca dado la tendencia democrtica, es el estilo ms comn en cuanto a interaccin y entre relaciones personales y sociedades. La posicin social dentro de un grupo autocrtico define cmo se ve a una persona y cmo esta se ve a s misma, y no es culpa del lder ni del seguidor, sino de la sociedad que se ha limitado a desarrollar el aspecto de la competitividad y de la comparacin como medida del valor individual sin importar el nivel de mejora o los intereses humanitarios. La autocracia moderna, pues ha tenido sus cambios por medio de la experiencia, se ve desde que pides permiso para una fiesta hasta tu vida en el colegio. Por ejemplo, aunque a veces sin intencin, uno siempre le pide el permiso al pap o a la mam, pero nunca al tiempo. Normalmente, se escoge al que da el permiso ms fcil, pero a veces es porque el otro pap lo evita y se abstiene de tomar la responsabilidad de la decisin. Ah es cuando se marca una divisin radical en tipos de autocracia y de una vez, logra explicar el peligro de que est presente. Estas son la autocracia voluntaria y

la inconsciente. Aunque posibles de mezclar ya que el inconsciente hace lo que le nace, el hecho de que sea voluntario determina que hay una posibilidad de cambiar en caso de inconformidad con su estado en la sociedad. Es decir, el padre que en este caso se considera sumiso, puede negar un permiso o hacerle saber al otro que quiere involucrarse en el tipo de situacin. Como decimos hoy en da, cero. Sin embargo, el tema deja de ser relajado cuando nos volvemos esclavos de la autocracia y llegamos al extremo de que esta se vuelve sinnimo idntico a la sociedad que conocemos. La autocracia nos ofrece un tipo de agrupacin entre amigos que nos da seguridad y nos ofrece una oportunidad de pertenecer. La diferencia la han marcado las ltimas generaciones al convertirnos en seres exclusivos, celosos y egocntricos. No estoy diciendo que somos malas personas porque la mayora de las veces, lo hacemos por ayudarnos a nosotros mismos y no por explcitamente herir a los dems; es slo un efecto secundario. Pongamos un ejemplo por el bien del contexto: hoy en da, meterse a Whatsapp se trata de revisar tus grupos, cada uno con una foto de perfil icnica, un nombre que slo t y tus amigos entienden, y los inolvidables chistes internos. No estoy exagerando cuando digo que si te rodeas de personas de un grupo pero no eres parte de l (y s, s es posible) estos smbolos te persiguen, presionando en la idea de que no eres uno de ellos. Eso est bien, uno puede tener amigos y pertenecer a este grupo, pero la direccin que la sociedad toma hoy en da es que la falta de estos emblemas significa una falta de conexin y de amistad. La motivacin de encontrar comodidad emocional y confianza en un

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grupo de personas es lo que nos ha llevado a modelar su vida como una autocracia. Aunque no siempre sea slo una persona, la mayora de las veces lo es. Hacemos un ejemplo del tipo de persona que queremos ser para ser parte del grupo y esto es lo que determina nuestra forma de actuar, de creer y hasta de sentirnos. Es decir las leyes de la vida: lo que est bien o mal.

Santiago Valenzuela - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


THE PERFECT RECIPECristina Soto - Social Justice - 12th Grade

Pope Francis, a very recognizable figure of the world, has been characterized for being humble and unassuming. He is in charge of dictating the Catholic religion throughout the world, with the help of some priests and followers. This takes us to the unutterable truth that there are certain rules that are supposedly engraved in our hearts, and we should therefore follow them by the code of the law. One of them is, of course, the banning of gay marriage. This banning leads us, citizens, to even bigger problems like the adoption of kids by homosexual partners. Pope Francis says that this kind of adoption will destroy the family, because the mandates of God were made in order for us to understand the true composition of a family. This absolute truth is ironically known and understood by a few, but I will have the decency to take it into account. A true family apparently is composed in the way you make a dessert: by following the rules written in the paper, so that things dont turn out defectived in the kitchen. The first ingredient would be a female, who would have to take the responsibility of becoming a loving mother. The second, equally important ingredient would be a man, who would have the same responsibility of becoming a loving parent, in his own masculine way. The third and last ingredient would be their respective child who supposedly should be put into the recipe in the only natural way of doing so, by mommy and daddy creating him. So, what happens when this alleged recipe goes wrong? What happens if you accidentally put in vanilla instead of chocolate? What happens is, people will start talking, criticizing the dessert and becoming one more spectator in the crowd. Now days, we have plenty of them.

Secondly, certain opinions have opened a window for this adoption topic to be criticized. One of the very common opinions is that a child, who is up for adoption, is very vulnerable and insecure. Consequently, they need the correct nucleus of a family so they can be raised in the proper way. Before we start talking about what is right for these children, we should first be able to define a stable and proper home. As stated above, there is a true family vision, which includes a femenine and masculine figure, and is completely unalterable. As we sit down and think, a proper home should be one that grants love, security, autonomy, education and care. People will, of course, have different opinions upon these ideals. Nevertheless, I think we would all agree that a stable household should include a vast majority of positive aspects in order for it to function properly. One common mistake people are making is believing that only a heterosexual couple can grant security, love, autonomy, education and care. This is completely inaccurate, and is proven by a study conducted by a psychologist at Clark University in Massachusetts. Gay parents tend to be more motivated, more committed than heterosexual parents on average, because they chose to be parents, said Abbie Goldberg. I want to first clear up, that I am not trying to say that homosexual parents are better at parenting and therefore shouldnt be banned of doing so. This study shows that homosexual parents show the same or even greater ability at being parents, as heterosexuals do. One reason for this is because gay parents chose to become parents, even though they had to surpass many more barriers. In contrast, whenever a heterosexual couple gets pregnant by accident, they will have to start planning

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how to be good parents in less amount of time and it might even be something they didnt want at the moment. Theyll either have to have the child unwillingly, or give it up for adoption. Then, the cycle will start all over again.

Another stereotype about homosexual parents states that adopted children who grow up in a homosexual environment, are more aggressive and have many more psychological problems. To clear this up, there was a research conducted by a socialist called Tim Biblraz, and concluded that there was no difference found between children raised in a heterosexual home, or a homosexual one in the psychological aspect. Actually, being raised in a homosexual home fosters tolerance on gender, equity and family, by growing up in a non-traditional family, which would undoubtedly bring problems and certain harassing in future years. Nevertheless, the only way of increasing tolerance and acceptance is by adopted kids recognizing how lucky they are of living in a home with two very loving parents, who fought against society and discrimination so they could achieve their dream of becoming parents. Also, adoptive parents recognize how their life changed since their child arrived, and how they wish more couples aspiring to become parents, would have this opportunity. There is also a much lower abuse rate in homosexual households than in heterosexual ones. This clearly shows how aggression is not a relevant topic for opposing against this type of adoption, as the numbers unmistakably show. One shocking statistic says that homosexual parents are the ones who

adopt the neediest. These children fall into the category of being invalid, from a race different than their adoptive parents and also grown-ups. There are right now hundreds of kids all over the world who are not adopted because they are not babies anymore; and as the years pass their hope of having a family vanishes almost completely. The invalid children are taken care of in orphanages, but without the proper care of a mother, or a father. This factor sometimes worsens their condition, because they are left in a bed all day without the proper touch or care any child should have. Lastly, the children from races different than their adoptive parent usually dont get adopted as quickly as the ones from their same race do- which is another aspect of adoption that needs more tolerance and open-mindless. The fact that homosexual parents are willing to adopt one of these children is mind-blowing. Not because of their enormous hearts and commitment, but because of the huge change this would create. These invalid, and grown up children were left by their mothers voluntarily, hoping they would someday be adopted by a loving family who aspired to have a baby and would take great care of them. After all, these children are left in these orphanages and adoption homes because their biological parents cant grant them the lifestyle they think their child deserves. Who has the right of taking this right away from the children? In my opinion, nobody does. The fact that the adoption of kids by homosexual parents is illegal, takes away the chance for hundreds of abandoned and orphan children in a worldwide scale of becoming part of a family. After explaining both sides of the spectrum, its in our best interest to find a

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solution to this problem. From the opinion of an adopted child, myself, I believe there is an irrelevant difference between heterosexual and homosexual parents. I was lucky enough to have been adopted as a baby by a fond and devoted family, and I wish that the rest of children out there would have a life like mine, or even be granted the chance of being adopted. States are now considering the adoption within homosexual families, but are still not globally accepted. The right of being a parent shouldnt be taken away just because of their nature. The right of having a family shouldnt be taken away just because of the childs involuntary past.

Who knows, mixing chocolate and vanilla may make the most amazing, equal and perfect recipe of all: Acceptance.

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Santiago Valenzuela - Photography 1 - 9th Grade


CRUZ, DESCANSO SABROSOIsabel Arango - Pre AP Espaol - Grado 10

Santa Teresa de Jess, bautizada como Teresa Snchez de Cepeda y Ahumada fue una monja cuyo deseo de servir a Dios la llev a reformar su convento. Naci en 1515 en la provincia de vila, Espaa. Tuvo una infancia bastante dura ya que tuvo que soportar la muerte de su madre y constantes enfermedades que le impedan vivir una vida normal. Perteneca a la orden de las Carmelitas descalzas, donde implement llevar una vida humilde teniendo justo lo necesario para vivir. Nada ms ni nada menos que una vida rstica con el nico propsito de entregarse a Dios. Muri en 1582 y cuarenta aos despus fue canonizada por el Papa Gregorio XV. A lo largo de su vida de monja, Teresa de Jess tom la literatura como ocupacin y a travs de esta expres su fe y su entrega a Dios. Sus escritos conservaron vivo el recuerdo de esta gran mujer comprometida.

Uno de sus poemas ms destacados se llama, Cruz, descanso sabroso y este poema, al igual que todos los otros de Santa Teresa, fue publicado durante la poca del Renacimiento. Este movimiento literario naci en Italia a mediados del siglo XV al XVII y fue el mtodo de transicin de la edad media a la moderna. Fue fruto de la difusin de las ideas que provenan del humanismo, y una mentalidad rgida establecida en la Europa de la edad media. Esta etapa plante una nueva forma de ver el ser humano y su mundo. Tambin tuvo nuevos enfoques en todo lo que tena que ver con las artes, la literatura, la poltica, y las ciencias. Lo que antes se llamaba teocentrismo y se refera a Dios como el centro del universo, fue reemplazado por el antropocentrismo, que se define como el hombre y su razonamiento superiores a todo.

En Cruz, descanso sabroso, Santa Teresa de Jess la expresa al lector su profundo amor por la cruz, un smbolo catlico que refleja la salvacin de la humanidad. Sus sentimientos y su fe se ven reflejados en este poema ya que ella menciona que no hay poder ms grande de que el creer en el Seor porque El es la vida de nuestra muerte. Santa Teresa nos demuestra el amor por la religin, siendo muy valiente ya que en esta poca todo gira alrededor de la epistemologa, las verdades, la razn, y los conocimientos. Tal como su nombre lo expresa, este poema describe como la cruz es un descanso para todos aquellos afligidos y desamparados. Quienes estn sufriendo por alguna razn, la cruz siempre estar ah siendo un recordatorio de Jess dio la vida por la humanidad para limpiar los pecados.

Este poema est conformado por cuatro estrofas; la primera estrofa tiene dos versos con rima consonante, uno de arte mayor con once slabas y otro de arte menor con ocho. La segunda estrofa tiene siete versos de arte menor ya que todas tienen ocho slabas. Tiene una rima consonante y durante esta estrofa se utilizan tres sinalefas. La tercera estrofa contiene siete versos de arte menor porque al igual que la segunda estrofa, todos son de ocho slabas. Los primeros tres versos tienen rima asonante y en el segundo y tercer verso se utiliza la ley del acento final. Esta ley fue aplicada porque los versos terminaban en una palabra aguda y por ende se les agrego una slaba ms. El cuarto, quinto, sexto y sptimo verso tienen una rima consonante y en toda la estrofa se utiliza un total de siete sinalefas. Por ltimo, la cuarta estrofa tiene siete versos de arte menor, conteniendo ocho slabas cada uno. El primer y el tercer verso tienen una rima

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consonante. Durante toda esta estrofa se utiliza una sinalefa. La estructura es bastante complicada pero sin esta el poema no sera igual. El poema tiene bast

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