Upload
bertina-manning
View
228
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Imperialismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&safe=activeWatch a quick intro video to get your brain moving!!
Effects of the Industrial Revolution Sped up economic development in Europe and
the US Established a way that industrial nations viewed
their colonies They began to see colonies as:1. Markets for goods2. Sources for raw materialsResult?? Imperialism - the policy of extending the
rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies
Where did Imperialism Happen?Colonized Continents
targeted: Africa Asia Latin America
Imperialist Countries: United States European countries
What do these political cartoons say about England and the United States?
Reasons for ImperialismEconomic Industrial Revolution created a need for raw
materials (regions affected by Imperialism had a lot)
New markets available in these regions to sell goods that were being produced
Reasons for Imperialism Nationalism – pride in country Setting up colonies showed power and
brought wealth
Reasons for Imperialism Humanitarianism – helping others thought native people should be more like
Europeans provided medicine and education Often did more harm than good…
But how??? They were just trying to help!!
Social Darwinism Belief that Western
civilization (Europeans and the US) was far superior (better) to all other civilizations
“The White Man’s Burden” – converting and educating native people was white people’s responsibility
White man carrying an African native to a school house.
Listen and read along with “The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kiplinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cS__4F8QSNU&safe=active
East India Company (EICo) Europeans colonies first
competed for colonies in India
1600s – British EICo began trading in India and elsewhere in Asia
By the 1850s, more than 60 percent of India was under control of the EICo
East India Company (EICo) Made life in India better by:
1. Setting up schools
2. Improving and building railroads
3. Kept peace between rival local leaders
** While doing all of this they made sure to make plenty of $$ from Indian resources and labor
East India Company (EICo) The company had its own army and forts to
protect its property and British citizens Hired Indian soldiers called sepoys 1857 – company gave sepoys new rifles –
to load them, soldiers had to bite off the end of the powder cartridge with their teeth
So what’s wrong with that???
Sepoy Rebellion The cartridges were greased with fat from cows
(sacred to Hindus) or pigs (Muslims are forbidden to eat)
The sepoys refused to put the cartridges in their mouths and were sent home without pay – they rebelled against this unfair treatment and slaughtered British men, women, and children
More violence – the British responded by burning villages and slaughtering Indians
The British lion seeks vengeance on the Bengal Tiger – depicting the British counter attack after the Sepoy rebellion
Effect of the Sepoy Rebellion British parliament ended the EICo’s control
of India 1858 – India was ruled by Parliament
Quick video!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV0fYMIvtyU&safe=active
The Scramble for Africa
The race among European nations to seize parts of the continent
1850 = small colonies
along the coast 1914 = only Ethiopia
and Liberia remained
independent
Goals Get raw materials: ivory, copper Start a market for goods Stamp out slave trade Bring Christianity to the continent
Moving Inward Explorers were first – mapped rivers,
mountains, and plains Missionaries followed – converting natives
and helping to abolish slavery Military moved in when Africans resisted
(which they often did)
Conflict – The Berlin Conference 1880s – nations were fighting over territory 1884 – Otto von Bismarck called a
conference in Berlin to partition – divide up Africa by formal treaty
14 European nations and the US were invited, not a single African nation or person was invited to this garden party!!
Ber
lin
Con
fere
nce
Zulu Resistance South African tribe that placed an emphasis
on military organization and skill leader - Shaka Zulu Zulu came into the conflict with the British
army Zulu were eventually defeated by the
technology and vast resources of the British army
More Resistance - Boer War Boers - descendents of the original Dutch settlers master plan of Britain = establish a Cape to Cairo
railroad line to link British colonial interests in Africa
The Boers provided heavy and eventually armed resistance to this proposal
Boer War (1899-1902) fighting was vicious, Britain victorious
Imperialism in Japan Japan was able to stay free of European
influences, became an Imperialist power, and isolated itself (other countries didn’t like that too much…)
Black Ships on the Horizon 1853 – Commodore
Matthew Perry and a fleet of four US war ships entered Tokyo Bay with a letter that demanded that Japan open trade with the US – an open door policy all countries have equal trading rights in the area
Open Door Policy Japanese debated for 6
months – Perry returned with a bigger fleet, and they reluctantly agreed to a treaty with the US and were forced to sign treaties with other nations
Meiji Restoration “enlightened rule” 1868 – 1912 Japanese officials modernized and
Westernized the nation1. Technology 2. Science3. Political and economic ideas4. Ended feudalism 5. Made Japan an industrial nation6. Adopted a constitution 7. Army/Navy8. Transportation9. banking/postal systems10. Public education
What’s happening in China you ask? Background: Early 1880s, Brits were importing
opium from India to China Chinese government said “hey! STOP!” (opium is
a very addictive drug) When the British did not stop, China tried to stop
the trade… this led to first Opium War,1840 Britain won… again and the opium trade
continued
Effects of the Opium War Caused foreign
pressure Spheres of
influence – area where only the foreign power had the right to trade with a country
The Boxer Rebellion 1900 - Rebellion in China against
imperialism and the open door policy there Chinese “boxers” (guys who were kind of
awesome at martial arts) formed a secret society to rebel against the foreigners in their country
Two month siege – eventually were defeated
Chinese Boxer Rebellion Cartoon
Do you think an American or Chinese newspaper published this cartoon?
The deep breath before WWI Early 1900s – situation in Europe was very
tense Rivalry between industrial nations caused
extreme feelings of nationalism Suspicious of one another, the nations
formed defensive alliances waiting for someone to throw the first punch
The PlayersTriple Alliance - 1882 Germany Italy Austria-Hungary
Triple Entente - 1907 France Great Britain Russia
Causes of WWI Spark = ethnic nationalism in Austria-
Hungary These groups wanted their own nations Result? A series of uprisings Serbia was a new nation in the Balkan area
supported by Russia (made things even more tense) – known as the “powder keg of Europe”
European leaders trying to keep the lid on the cauldron representing trouble in Serbia
The immediate cause of the war: The Assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia
Shot by Gavrilo Princip, a young Serbian nationalist and member of The Black Hand – they wanted Bosnia (a part of Austria-Hungary) to become a part of Serbia)
1,2,3,4, I declare war…DON’T WRITE THIS!!During July and August of 1914, peace in Europe quickly fell
apart – Austria blamed the Serbs for trying to break up its empire. It declared war against Serbia. Serbia’s ally, Russia, then prepared its army for war. Fearing that Russia would attack it as well as Austria, Germany declared war on Russia. Russia was France’s ally. When France offered to help Russia, Germany declared war on France. To attack France, Germany invaded neighboring Belgium. Belgium’s ally, Britain, then declared war against Germany. Soon all of Europe was at war…
To sum that up: War spread like
wildfire Triple Alliance =
Central Powers Triple Entente =
Allies
When did the US enter the picture? 1915 – sinking of the Lusitania – British ship that carried cargo and US passengers (sunk by German torpedo)
The US began to view Germany as a bully and began to side with the Allies
When did the US enter the picture? Zimmerman letter – intercepted telegram
from German foreign minister to German US ambassador – said that Germany would help Mexico win back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico
4 years of warfare Why? Trench warfare – each
side dig trenches deep enough for soldiers to stand in
This eventually turned into a stalemate, neither side could move more than a few miles
A New Kind of War Airplanes – used for observation and then
bombing enemy targets Machine guns – rapid fire, great in trenches Poison gas – sickened and killed soldiers –
masks were the only protection Submarines – German U-boats attacked at
sea Tanks
VideosTrench Warfare and weapons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
SUCaqptNqKM&safe=active
War Horse clip – make a list of the weapons/ war tactics that you see in the clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo-3x2khwZ0&safe=active
Here come the Yankees! April 1917 – US declared war on Germany More than 1 million US troops came to
Europe to counter the final German advance
After a year, it was clear that Germany could not win
Allies agreed to an armistice – cease fire
At the end of things…. Casualties: 8.5 million Wounded: 17 million Regions where war had been fought lay in
ruin War debt: millions Question? Who would pay for the rebuilding
and debt?
Making the Peace Paris Peace
Conference 1919 The Big Three –
GB, France, US (decision makers)
Germany was not allowed to take part in the negotiations
Treaty of Versailles The big three disagreed about what the
treaty should contain: GB/France – wanted Germany to be
disarmed and pay the entire cost of the war US – Woodrow Wilson wanted to set up a
League of Nations (LON)– international peacekeeping organization
Wilson’s 14 Points The LON was included in his 14 points
along with goals like:
1. End to secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Right for people to govern themselves
14 Points cont. In the end, he had to give many of the
points up, but he stuck to his idea of a LON and the Allies finally accepted it
BUT the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles (they thought the US would be giving up its ability to act in its own interests)
Soooo without the US, Wilson’s idea lost a lot of it’s power
Final Treaty of Versailles Germany/Austria Hungary – admit they started
the war Germany – paid $30 million in damages German army/navy reduced in size Area btw. Germany and France was not
allowed to have forts, trenches, weapons Germany had to return land to France German colonies in Africa and Asia were taken
Which one’s Germany??
A tough pill to swallow
Quick video!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J31vkB4IdS0&safe=active
The short end of the stick…
Russian Revolution
Don’t write the information in red!!
The Bolsheviks
small Marxist group wanted to change life in
Russia
leader = Vladimir Lenin goal = overthrow czar
Their vision: if czar was overthrown, industrial
workers could govern Russia
Russia & WWI Czar Nicholas II hoped war would unite
Russia & stop talk of revolution
patriotism increased rapidly
Russia & WWI
Russia was not ready for war
Russia lacked: factories/supplies transportation system modern equipment competent military leaders
Conditions Worsen 1915 Nicholas II took command of
Russian military if Russia failed in WWI, so would Nicholas
II
Conditions Worsen
food & other goods grew scarce peasants grew desperate Nicholas II went to war
left Czarina Alexandra in charge (unpopular)
Alexandra took advice from Grigory Rasputin (corrupt/immoral)
Revolution Begins March 8, 1917 Petrograd, Russia unhappy citizens marched the Duma (Russia’s legislature) defied
Nicholas II
March 15, 1917 Nicholas II forced to abdicate
Temporary Government
Duma established temporary government many Russians didn’t like this government Bolsheviks wanted basic changes
Lenin was still leader
Bolshevik Revolution mid-1917 still fighting Central Powers in
WWI Russian army was weak & collapsed November 1917 Bolshevik Red Guard
attacked government and won
Bolshevik Revolution Lenin established radical communist
program private ownership = illegal land redistributed to peasants
After the Revolution
Lenin wanted to end involvement in war
Started negotiation with Central Powers
Russia lost much land to Central Powers because of lack of strong military
Civil War
some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results
opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army” army leaders political opponents wealthy Russians
Civil War Ends Red Army vs. White Army
late 1920 Bolsheviks triumph
1921 New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity
The Soviet Union
1922 economy began to improve
1922 Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire
became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union