Industrial Revolutionand

Consequences1750-1914 CE

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2

The Modern Revolution

Communication Revolution

Democratic Politics

Fossil Fuels

To:

Mundo

CAUTION:

Contents

Under

Pressure

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The Modern Revolution

Quite a package! But how did these changes get

all bundled up together?

Communication Revolution

Democratic Politics

Fossil Fuels

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For starters human population was

increasing faster than ever before!

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6

1690 - 7,000

1790 - 18,038

1900 - 560,892

158%

3,010%

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But a growing population meant that

human need for resources—for energy—was growing, too.

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By taking energy from

fossil fuels like coal instead of biomass like

wood…

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and with better and

better steam engines to

harness coal’s energy…

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Power loom weaving Lancashire, 1835

People could produce more

efficiently.

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Robert Fulton’s Clermont steamship

1807

And travel more

quickly.

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George Stephenson’s “Rocket” steam

locomotive1829

And travel more

quickly

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The Industrial Revolution allowed

for new global economic

relationships.

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Cotton exports from agrarian economies to industrial economies

Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

U.S.A.

EgyptIndia

Russia

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Textile exports from industrial to agrarian economies

Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Old limits on how much

energy people could use were

gone!

And people tore down

other limits too…

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Adam Smith argued for ideas like these in his book The Wealth of Nations (1776).

New economic ideas

• People should be able to buy and sell land, labor, and goods freely.

• CAPITALISM

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Improve public health.

Build railroads, ports, and telegraphs.

Standardize weights and measures.

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Antiseptic medicine

1867

Transcontinental railroad 1869

Metric system1790

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Government played a greater

role than ever before in people’s lives.

And while that happened,

people’s ideas about

government changed, too!

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The Modern Revolution

To:

Mundo

CAUTION:

Contents

Under

Pressure

Communication Revolution

Democratic Politics

Fossil Fuels

It’s in the

package too!

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Governments created

representative institutions.

Governments wrote

constitutions.

Governments promoted education.

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French National Assembly

1789

United States Constitution

1787

Ottoman Turkish Regulations for Public Education 1869

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So much was

changing so fast…

How could people

keep up?

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People moved more quickly.

Ideas moved more quickly.

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RailroadSteamboa

t

Transatlantic cableNewspaper

The Communication

Revolution

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1840

1850

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1880

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$0.00

$500,000.00

$1,000,000.00

$1,500,000.00

$2,000,000.00

$2,500,000.00

$3,000,000.00

1700 1820 1870 1913

The Modern Revolution meant powerful economic growth in the

world as a whole.

World Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Dollars as valued in 1990

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Powerful, but not equal.

The countries which

modernized first used it to

their advantage.

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1700 1820 1870 1913

Eur./N.AAsia

Percentage of World GDP Western Europe and North America vs. Asia

The Modern Revolution shifted the world’s economic center.

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India, 1877

After the Modern Revolution, much more food went on the world market…

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India, 1877

and it was often shipped to where it got the highest price,

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not to where it was needed most.

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And industrial technology

could be used not only to

create, but to destroy.

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And more of the world was colonized than ever before.

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The European Moment

Land surface of the world controlled by Europeans:

•1800 35%•1878 67%•1914 88%

But . . . duration of European world domination in the past 2000 years:

80yrs