Introduction to IPv6Introduction to IPv6

Classful Addressing…Classful Addressing…

Divided into 5 Divided into 5 classesclasses

Class A 8 bits N/W Class A 8 bits N/W id and 24 bits host id and 24 bits host id and so on B,C.id and so on B,C.

Wastage of IP Wastage of IP addresses by addresses by assigning blocks assigning blocks of addresses of addresses which fall along which fall along octet boundaries octet boundaries

Techniques to reduce Techniques to reduce address shortage in IPv4address shortage in IPv4

SubnettingSubnetting Classless Inter Domain Routing Classless Inter Domain Routing

(CIDR)(CIDR) Network Address Translation (NAT)Network Address Translation (NAT)

Subnetting IPv6Subnetting IPv6

Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet, Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet, and host.and host.

The extended-network-prefix is The extended-network-prefix is composed of the classful network-prefix composed of the classful network-prefix and the subnet-numberand the subnet-number

The extended-network-prefix has The extended-network-prefix has traditionally been identified by the traditionally been identified by the subnet masksubnet mask

Network-Prefix Subnet-Number Host-Number

Features of IPv6Features of IPv6

Larger Address Space Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Security (IPsec mandatory) Mobility

IPv6 - Addressing ModelIPv6 - Addressing Model

Link-LocalSite-LocalGlobal

Addresses are assigned to interfaces

change from IPv4 model :

Interface 'expected' to have multiple addresses

Addresses have scope

Link Local

Site Local

Global

Addresses have lifetime

Valid and Preferred lifetime

Special Addresses in IPv6

::/96 The zero prefix denotes addresses that are compatible ::/96 The zero prefix denotes addresses that are compatible with the previously used IPv4 protocol.with the previously used IPv4 protocol.

fec0::/10 This is a fec0::/10 This is a site-local prefixsite-local prefix offered by IPv6. This offered by IPv6. This address prefix signifies that the address is valid only within address prefix signifies that the address is valid only within the local organization. –Comparable to private IP the local organization. –Comparable to private IP addressingaddressing

fc00::/7 This is called the fc00::/7 This is called the Unique Local AddressUnique Local Address (ULA). (ULA). These addresses are routed only within a set of These addresses are routed only within a set of cooperating sites. Replace site-local address – Private IPscooperating sites. Replace site-local address – Private IPs

ff00::/8 This prefix is offered by IPv6 to denote the ff00::/8 This prefix is offered by IPv6 to denote the multicast multicast addressesaddresses..

fe80::/10 This is a fe80::/10 This is a link-local prefixlink-local prefix offered by IPv6. This offered by IPv6. This address prefix signifies that the address is valid only in the address prefix signifies that the address is valid only in the local physical link. – Comparable to APIPA – Never local physical link. – Comparable to APIPA – Never forwarded by routerforwarded by router

Global unicast addressesGlobal unicast addresses This is an IP address that is routed This is an IP address that is routed

across the whole Internet. across the whole Internet. The first three bits are set to 001 The first three bits are set to 001 the address prefix of a global IPv6 the address prefix of a global IPv6

address is 2000::/3 because address is 2000::/3 because 0010000000000000 is 2000 in hex 0010000000000000 is 2000 in hex

Unicast Address FormatsUnicast Address Formats

FP  (10bits)

Interface ID (64bits)111111101

0MAC derived

RESERVED (54bits)

MUST be 0

Link Local

Site Local

FP  (10bits) Interface ID (64bits)

1111111011 MAC derived or Locally Administered

Subnet (38bits)Locally

Administered

Subnet (16bits)

Locally Administered

Global

FP  (3bits

)Interface ID (64bits)

001 MAC derived or Locally Administered or Random

Registry / provider assigned (45bits)

Provider Administered

Subnet (16bits)

Locally Administered

IPv6 Prefix Allocations: RIPE-NCCIPv6 Prefix Allocations: RIPE-NCC

EU-UUNET-19990810 2001:0600::/35EU-UUNET-19990810 2001:0600::/35DE-SPACE-19990812 2001:0608::/32DE-SPACE-19990812 2001:0608::/32NL-SURFNET-19990819 2001:0610::/32NL-SURFNET-19990819 2001:0610::/32UK-BT-19990903 2001:0618::/32UK-BT-19990903 2001:0618::/32CH-SWITCH-19990903 2001:0620::/35CH-SWITCH-19990903 2001:0620::/35AT-ACONET-19990920 2001:0628::/35AT-ACONET-19990920 2001:0628::/35UK-JANET-19991019 2001:0630::/32UK-JANET-19991019 2001:0630::/32DE-DFN-19991102 2001:0638::/35DE-DFN-19991102 2001:0638::/35RU-FREENET-19991115 2001:0640::/35RU-FREENET-19991115 2001:0640::/35GR-GRNET-19991208 2001:0648::/35GR-GRNET-19991208 2001:0648::/35DE-ECRC-19991223 2001:0650::/32DE-ECRC-19991223 2001:0650::/32DE-TRMD-20000317 2001:0658::/32DE-TRMD-20000317 2001:0658::/32FR-RENATER-20000321 2001:0660::/35FR-RENATER-20000321 2001:0660::/35EU-NACNET-20000403 2001:0668::/35EU-NACNET-20000403 2001:0668::/35EU-EUNET-20000403 2001:0670::/35EU-EUNET-20000403 2001:0670::/35DE-JIPPII-20000426 2001:0678::/35DE-JIPPII-20000426 2001:0678::/35DE-XLINK-20000510 2001:0680::/35DE-XLINK-20000510 2001:0680::/35FR-TELECOM-20000623 2001:0688::/32FR-TELECOM-20000623 2001:0688::/32PT-RCCN-20000623 2001:0690::/32PT-RCCN-20000623 2001:0690::/32SE-SWIPNET-20000828 2001:0698::/35SE-SWIPNET-20000828 2001:0698::/35PL-ICM-20000905 2001:06A0::/35PL-ICM-20000905 2001:06A0::/35BE-BELNET-20001101 2001:06A8::/35BE-BELNET-20001101 2001:06A8::/35SE-SUNET-20001218 2001:06B0::/32SE-SUNET-20001218 2001:06B0::/32IT-CSELT-20001221 2001:06B8::/32IT-CSELT-20001221 2001:06B8::/32SE-TELIANET-20010102 2001:06C0::/35SE-TELIANET-20010102 2001:06C0::/35DK-TELEDANMARK-20010131 2001:06C8::/35DK-TELEDANMARK-20010131 2001:06C8::/35RU-ROSNIIROS-20010219 2001:06D0::/35RU-ROSNIIROS-20010219 2001:06D0::/35PL-CYFRONET-20010221 2001:06D8::/35PL-CYFRONET-20010221 2001:06D8::/35NL-INTOUCH-20010307 2001:06E0::/35NL-INTOUCH-20010307 2001:06E0::/35FI-TELIVO-20010321 2001:06E8::/32FI-TELIVO-20010321 2001:06E8::/32SE-DIGITAL-20010321 2001:06F0::/35SE-DIGITAL-20010321 2001:06F0::/35UK-EASYNET-20010322 2001:06F8::/32UK-EASYNET-20010322 2001:06F8::/32NO-UNINETT-20010406 2001:0700::/32NO-UNINETT-20010406 2001:0700::/32

FI-FUNET-20010503 2001:0708::/35FI-FUNET-20010503 2001:0708::/35UK-INS-20010518 2001:0710::/35UK-INS-20010518 2001:0710::/35CZ-TEN-34-20010521 2001:0718::/35CZ-TEN-34-20010521 2001:0718::/35ES-REDIRIS-20010521 2001:0720::/32ES-REDIRIS-20010521 2001:0720::/32UK-VERIO-20010717 2001:0728::/32UK-VERIO-20010717 2001:0728::/32AT-TELEKABEL-20010717 2001:0730::/32AT-TELEKABEL-20010717 2001:0730::/32HU-HUNGARNET-20010717 2001:0738::/32HU-HUNGARNET-20010717 2001:0738::/32DE-VIAG-20010717 2001:0740::/32DE-VIAG-20010717 2001:0740::/32DE-ROKA-20010817 2001:0748::/35DE-ROKA-20010817 2001:0748::/35IT-EDISONTEL-20010906 2001:0750::/35IT-EDISONTEL-20010906 2001:0750::/35UK-NETKONECT-20010918 2001:0758::/35UK-NETKONECT-20010918 2001:0758::/35IT-GARR-20011004 2001:0760::/35IT-GARR-20011004 2001:0760::/35DE-CYBERNET-20011008 2001:0768::/32DE-CYBERNET-20011008 2001:0768::/32IE-HEANET-20011008 2001:0770::/35IE-HEANET-20011008 2001:0770::/35LT-LITNET-20011115 2001:0778::/35LT-LITNET-20011115 2001:0778::/35DE-NORIS-20011203 2001:0780::/35DE-NORIS-20011203 2001:0780::/35FI-SONERA-20011231 2001:0788::/32FI-SONERA-20011231 2001:0788::/32EU-CARRIER1-20020102 2001:0790::/35EU-CARRIER1-20020102 2001:0790::/35EU-DANTE-20020131 2001:0798::/32EU-DANTE-20020131 2001:0798::/32DE-TELEKOM-20020228 2001:07A0::/35DE-TELEKOM-20020228 2001:07A0::/35FR-NERIM-20020313 2001:07A8::/35FR-NERIM-20020313 2001:07A8::/35DE-COMPLETEL-20020313 2001:07B0::/35DE-COMPLETEL-20020313 2001:07B0::/35NL-BIT-20020405 2001:07B8::/32NL-BIT-20020405 2001:07B8::/32DE-BELWUE-20020411 2001:07C0::/32DE-BELWUE-20020411 2001:07C0::/32IE-ISI-20020515 2001:07C8::/35IE-ISI-20020515 2001:07C8::/35EE-ESTPAK-20020516 2001:07D0::/35EE-ESTPAK-20020516 2001:07D0::/35FI-KOLUMBUS-20020528 2001:07D8::/32FI-KOLUMBUS-20020528 2001:07D8::/32UK-OPALNET-20020530 2001:07E0::/32UK-OPALNET-20020530 2001:07E0::/32LU-PT-20020605 2001:07E8::/35LU-PT-20020605 2001:07E8::/35EU-LAMBDANET-20020605 2001:07F0::/35EU-LAMBDANET-20020605 2001:07F0::/35ES-TTD-20020705 2001:0800::/32ES-TTD-20020705 2001:0800::/32PL-POZMAN-20020710 2001:0808::/32PL-POZMAN-20020710 2001:0808::/32FR-SDV-20020710 2001:0810::/32FR-SDV-20020710 2001:0810::/32

PT-TELECEL-20020711 2001:0818::/32PT-TELECEL-20020711 2001:0818::/32NO-WEBONLINE-20020712 2001:0820::/32NO-WEBONLINE-20020712 2001:0820::/32NL-PROSERVE-20020712 2001:0828::/32NL-PROSERVE-20020712 2001:0828::/32DE-MAINLAB-20020724 2001:0830::/32DE-MAINLAB-20020724 2001:0830::/32NL-CONCEPTS-20020724 2001:0838::/32NL-CONCEPTS-20020724 2001:0838::/32NO-POWERTECH-20020725 2001:0840::/32NO-POWERTECH-20020725 2001:0840::/32IT-CSP-20020725 2001:0848::/32IT-CSP-20020725 2001:0848::/32AT-ATNET-20020725 2001:0850::/32AT-ATNET-20020725 2001:0850::/32AT-SIL-20020725 2001:0858::/32AT-SIL-20020725 2001:0858::/32FR-GROLIER-20020725 2001:0860::/32FR-GROLIER-20020725 2001:0860::/32DE-IPHH-20020725 2001:0868::/32DE-IPHH-20020725 2001:0868::/32AT-EUROPEANTELECOM-20020725 2001:0870::/32AT-EUROPEANTELECOM-20020725 2001:0870::/32DK-DENET-20020801 2001:0878::/32DK-DENET-20020801 2001:0878::/32DE-KOMPLEX-20020801 2001:0880::/32DE-KOMPLEX-20020801 2001:0880::/32NL-XS4ALL-20020807 2001:0888::/32NL-XS4ALL-20020807 2001:0888::/32AT-TELEKOM-20020812 2001:0890::/32AT-TELEKOM-20020812 2001:0890::/32NL-WIDEXS-20020812 2001:0898::/32NL-WIDEXS-20020812 2001:0898::/32PT-TELEPAC-20020814 2001:08A0::/32PT-TELEPAC-20020814 2001:08A0::/32CH-CYBERLINK-20020816 2001:08A8::/32CH-CYBERLINK-20020816 2001:08A8::/32UK-AA-20020820 2001:08B0::/32UK-AA-20020820 2001:08B0::/32FI-RSLCOM-20020822 2001:08B8::/32FI-RSLCOM-20020822 2001:08B8::/32NO-CATCHIP-20020823 2001:08C0::/32NO-CATCHIP-20020823 2001:08C0::/32YU-VERAT-20020829 2001:08C8::/32YU-VERAT-20020829 2001:08C8::/32DE-CELOX-20020829 2001:08D0::/32DE-CELOX-20020829 2001:08D0::/32DE-SCHLUND-20020910 2001:08D8::/32DE-SCHLUND-20020910 2001:08D8::/32Allocated Prefixes: 91Allocated Prefixes: 91

IPv6 Prefix Allocations:IPv6 Prefix Allocations:ESNET-V6 2001:0400::/32ESNET-V6 2001:0400::/32VBNS-IPV6 2001:0408::/32VBNS-IPV6 2001:0408::/32CANET3-IPV6 2001:0410::/32CANET3-IPV6 2001:0410::/32VRIO-IPV6-0 2001:0418::/32VRIO-IPV6-0 2001:0418::/32CISCO-IPV6-1 2001:0420::/32CISCO-IPV6-1 2001:0420::/32QWEST-IPV6-1 2001:0428::/32QWEST-IPV6-1 2001:0428::/32DISN-LES-V6 2001:0430::/35DISN-LES-V6 2001:0430::/35ABOVENET-IPV6 2001:0438::/35ABOVENET-IPV6 2001:0438::/35SPRINT-V6 2001:0440::/32SPRINT-V6 2001:0440::/32UNAM-IPV6 2001:0448::/32UNAM-IPV6 2001:0448::/32GBLX-V6 2001:0450::/35GBLX-V6 2001:0450::/35STEALTH-IPV6-1 2001:0458::/35STEALTH-IPV6-1 2001:0458::/35NET-CW-10BLK 2001:0460::/35NET-CW-10BLK 2001:0460::/35ABILENE-IPV6 2001:0468::/32ABILENE-IPV6 2001:0468::/32HURRICANE-IPV6 2001:0470::/32HURRICANE-IPV6 2001:0470::/32EP-NET 2001:0478::/32EP-NET 2001:0478::/32DREN-V6 2001:0480::/35DREN-V6 2001:0480::/35AVANTEL-IPV6-1 2001:0488::/35AVANTEL-IPV6-1 2001:0488::/35NOKIA-1 2001:0490::/35NOKIA-1 2001:0490::/35ITESM-IPV6 2001:0498::/32ITESM-IPV6 2001:0498::/32IPV6-RNP 2001:04A0::/32IPV6-RNP 2001:04A0::/32AXTEL-IPV6-1 2001:04A8::/35AXTEL-IPV6-1 2001:04A8::/35AOLTIMEWARNER 2001:04B0::/32AOLTIMEWARNER 2001:04B0::/32WAYPORT-IPV6 2001:04B8::/32WAYPORT-IPV6 2001:04B8::/32PROTEL-RED-1-V6 2001:04C0::/35PROTEL-RED-1-V6 2001:04C0::/35UNINET-NETV6-1 2001:04C8::/35UNINET-NETV6-1 2001:04C8::/35NASA-PCCA-V6 2001:04D0::/35NASA-PCCA-V6 2001:04D0::/35DOTNET-001 2001:04D8::/35DOTNET-001 2001:04D8::/35WISCNET-V6 2001:04E0::/32WISCNET-V6 2001:04E0::/32SHAWIPV6 2001:04E8::/32SHAWIPV6 2001:04E8::/32ENTERZONE-V6 2001:04F0::/32ENTERZONE-V6 2001:04F0::/32ISC6-1 2001:04F8::/32ISC6-1 2001:04F8::/32Allocated Prefixes: 32Allocated Prefixes: 32

128-bit IPv6 Address128-bit IPv6 Address3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234

8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”

3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234

:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers

Leading zeros can be removed

128 bit addressing128 bit addressing

2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:96522001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652 2001:cdba:0:0:0:0:3257:96522001:cdba:0:0:0:0:3257:9652 2001:cdba::3257:96522001:cdba::3257:9652

Special Purpose Unicast Special Purpose Unicast addressaddress

The loopback address, for sending The loopback address, for sending packets to self:packets to self:

IPv4IPv4

127.0.0.1127.0.0.1

IPv6IPv6

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:10:0:0:0:0:0:0:1