jesse.bourque@expression - Arctic Roost Europe...related to Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations in all Domains 3 Disclaimer: This discussion moves irresponsibly at the speed of observation

Advancing International Policy, Programs, and Professional Development

related to Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations in all Domains

Why EMSO? A Conceptual Framework

Jesse “Judge” BourqueSecretary, Association of Old Crows

U.S. Senior Defense Analyst

OUSD Policy & OSD CIO

Director, Expression Networks

[email protected]

June 2017


www.crows.org



Perspective, Before We Begin...

2

• What is the one physical thing common to Sensing, Protection, C2,

Fires, Maneuver, Communication, Targeting, Exploitation, Disruption

& Destruction?

• Why aren't we leveraging that commonality to contextualize ops??

• What if the EMS is a continuous

maneuver space, not a utility??

• Our capabilities can evolve

incrementally … but our basic

approach must be disruptive.

• Don’t focus on labels … instead

try to see the concepts which

must be well understood first.

• Aggregation based on Energy for ‘Asymmetry at Operational Scale’

The Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS)

*



3

Disclaimer:

This discussion moves irresponsibly at the speed of

observation and logic, while concurrent institutional

contemplations move more deliberately, at the

speed of consensus and diplomacy.

Thus, a number of the views expressed herein may not

yet align precisely with those maintained by officials in

positions to actually affect the circumstances apparent.

As such, the following insights represent the views of

the speaker alone, as he runs with scissors…

Me

Not me

6/8/2017 4S U P P O R T T H E W A R F I G H T E R

D o D C I O

For Official Use Only

4

Part 1

Where We Are Now

crows.org

4

(Fighting is Physics … we should no longer expect

our actions to dictate how nature behaves.)


D o D C I O


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Situation

PROBLEM: ‘FRACTURED DEPENDENCE’

• The EMS no longer tolerates isolated behaviors or intentions

• Global reach and combat mobility require freedom in the EMS

• EMS demand, density, complexity, and contest are increasing

• EMS agreements must remain intact while conflict is resolved

SOLUTION: ‘DYNAMIC AGGREGATION’

• Focus must shift to the EMS, on par with individual programs

• EMS policy, doctrine, orgs and acquisition must harmonize

• EMS assignment, management & enforcement must converge

• Function must adapt to environment to permit this approach

SHAPE DETER SEIZE DOMINATE STABILIZE DISENGAGE 0 I II III IV V


D o D C I O


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Cascading Consequence

• Low decision speed

• EMS/SDS inefficiencies

• Unavoidable fratricide

• Degraded ability to

hold adversaries at risk

• Lost operational initiative

• Unable to Control the EMS

“These risks are unacceptable and will negatively effect the ability

to achieve commander’s intent and desired effects.” (EW CBA)


D o D C I O


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Requirement: EMS Control

Controlling access to the Spectrum will influence the entire fight

Demonstrated freedom of

action and adversary capability denial

in electromagnetic operating environments

(EMOEs) for the frequencies, times, locations

and durations necessary to achieve mission

objectives at acceptable levels of risk to

friendly personnel, facilities and

equipment

ADVERSARY ACTION

Demonstrated freedom of

action and adversary capability denial

in electromagnetic operating environments

(EMOEs) for the frequencies, times, locations

and durations necessary to achieve mission

objectives at acceptable levels of risk to

friendly personnel, facilities and

equipment


D o D C I O


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Response: EMS Operations

“EMSO: Those activities consisting

of electronic warfare and joint EM

spectrum management operations

used to exploit, attack, protect

and manage the electromagnetic

operating environment to achieve

the commander's objectives.”

FEED FORWARD:

EMS Control

EMSO elevates the discussion of EMS from tactical-level effects to

operational-level outcomes, within reach of strategic-level Governance

FEED BACKWARD:

EMS Enterprise


D o D C I O


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EMSO and “Operations”

Just as policemen protect citizens, EMSO ‘enforces order’ across the EMS

“Ops”: IN the EMS

Comms

Space

Links

C2

UAS

ISR

Cyber

“EMSO”: FOR the EMS

Electronic Warfare

Spectrum Mgmt

CONTROL

GROUP

USER

GROUP

Radar

PNT

Electronic Warfare

Spectrum Mgmt


D o D C I O


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“Engine” for EMS Control

EMSCEMSW EMSMEMST

Electronic WarfareCompliance Enforcement

Spectrum ManagementProtocols and Standards

Spectrum TrafficPopulating Content:

Cyber, Comms, C2, UAS, Radar, ISR, Space…All EMS-Reliant

Activities and Networks

CONTROL

GROUP

EMS Operations

(All operations IN an EMOE)

A perpetual, reinforcing cycle vs perishable, episodic action

“State-Dependent”

Spectrum Systems

USER

GROUP

BLUEFORCE

EP EAES

SM

REDFORCE


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ELECTRONIC WARFARE (EW) “action involving the

use of EM and directed energy (DE) to control

the EMS or to attack the enemy.”

Electronic Attack (EA) is “the use of EM energy,

directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to

attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with

the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying

enemy combat capability...”

Electronic Protect (EP) is “actions taken to protect personnel, facilities,

and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the EMS

that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability.”

Electronic Warfare Support (ES) “actions tasked by, or under direct

control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify,

and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional

radiated EM energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition,

targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations.”

EW? …or “EMS” Warfare?

ELECTRONIC WARFARE (EW) “action involving the

use of EM and directed energy (DE) to control

the EMS or to attack the enemy.”

Electronic Attack (EA) is “the use of EM energy,

directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to

attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with

the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying

enemy combat capability...”

Electronic Protect (EP) is “actions taken to protect personnel, facilities,

and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the EMS

that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability.”

Electronic Warfare Support (ES) “actions tasked by, or under direct

control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify,

and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional

radiated EM energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition,

targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations.”

Focused on Energy & Capability vs. Electronics & Information


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Electronic Attack Includes All EMS Attack

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)Hi-Power Microwave (HPM) DE

RF Jamming … yup. LASER DE

DISRUPT

DECEIVE

DENY

DESTROY

“the use of EM energy, directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability...”


D o D C I O


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D o D C I O


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Part 2

Understanding

the Tricky Bits

crows.org

14

(We have met the enemy, and it is us...)


D o D C I O


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Cultural Challenge to EMSO

DIS

INTE

GR

ATI

ON

SPEED / CLARITY / EFFICIENCY / EFFECTIVENESS

EMAIL / PHONE COORD

EW CELL OPS

OPPORTUNITY

COST

EMSO CELL OPS

INTEGRATED C2/TOOLS/TASKS

UNITARYSKILLSET ??

CONSOLIDATED GUIDANCE

EMSO

EMSO is a culture shift … blending process stability (SM) & operational initiative (EW)

to create a durable professional cadre optimized for assuring force-wide EMS Control

EW

SM

The good news is that this

only affects our capabilities

that depend on Spectrum…

INTE

GR

ATI

ON


D o D C I O


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Competing Service Dynamics(No Single-Service Spectrum Solution)

Solution providers, focused on different missions, with no viable ‘problem owner’

ARMY

Large

Dense

Stationary

~ 10,000

Enterprise

NAVY

Medium

Spread

Mobile

~ 500

Federated

MARINES

Small

Light

Highly Mobile

~ 1,000

Task-Organized

AIR FORCE

Dot

Formation

Mach

~ 50

Remote

SOF

Discreet

Team

Hidden

< 10

Isolated

Footprint

Dynamic

Movement

Apertures

Aggregation

As each of the Services sets out to solve “THE” Spectrum problem, intending to offer their template as the DoD’s best solution, we must remember that they are instinctively solving only for the

portions and attributes of the problem apparent to THEM.


D o D C I O


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Competing EMS Paradigms

Fundamental EMS differences in Mindset, Requirement and Acquisition

• Civil-Commercial use of the Spectrum is based on Compliance (!!)

- Confidence - Grouping - Predictability!

- Planning - Sharing Path to Revenue

• Warfare challenges those assumptions, via introduction of CHAOS

- Disorientation - Spreading - UN-predictability

- Escalation - Denial Freedom of Action


D o D C I O


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“Net Centric Vulnerability?”(IA Does Not Accomplish EP)

• Adversaries view DoD net-centric trends as low-hanging

fruit, based upon our apparent implementation strategies

• To avoid cost, we field predictable FCC-compliant and

IP-compatible systems, and then expect to be sneaky…

• In our reticence to concentrate on the Spectrum, we’ve

inadvertently bought into a ‘new and exciting’ problem set

• Continued reliance on insufficiently adaptive / survivable

links across the Spectrum will invite ‘cascading failures’

MILITARY NEED BUSINESS MERIT


D o D C I O


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EMS Ops & Cyberspace Ops: Getting Along…

• EMSO & CO not ‘Convergence’

– Integration between Code & Energy

– Convergence of EW+SM as EMSO

• Working the EMSO / CO Seam

– Supported Fires “EP IA”

– Combined Fires Joint Targeting

– Integrated Fires “EMCA”…

• “Electromagnetic Cyberspace Attack”

– Delivery of ‘digitally-persistent’ effects from EMS systems into IT systems

• Information Assurance does not accomplish EM Protection

The EMS Domain is a unique and elemental component of the

mutually reinforcing system of Operational Responsibilities


D o D C I O


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Fighting Like ‘MICE’Addressing the “Non-Kinetic Effects” Thing

20

NON-

KINETIC

KINETIC

Man ON the Loop (REMOTE)

Man IN the Loop (COINCIDENT)

Man OUT of the Loop (AUTONOMOUS)

IDEAS

ENERGY

CODE

MASS

SCALABILITY!

- DECEPTION +

- DISRUPTION +

- PRECISION +

- PERSISTENCE +

- DESTRUCTION+

- LETHALITY +

EA/DE’s scalability, precision and speed will rebaseline Allied opportunity


D o D C I O


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The Approaching Tech ParityCOTS Capes are Universal … and the GOTS Lead is Diminishing

???

Era of Clear Superiority Present Day:

Shifting Dynamics

Friendly EMS Capes

Adversary EMS Capes

Capability lines include aggregation of available & fielded

Technology, relative levels of Capacity, and qualified /

dedicated Personnel committed to warfighting effort

PAST PRESENT FUTURE


D o D C I O


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I tried to look up “Ninjas” on a

wikipedia search and it replied,

“Ninjas could not be found.”

Well played, Ninjas...

Very well played.


D o D C I O


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Part 3

Better Living Through

Disruptive Thinking

crows.org

23(This is where we begin fixing things...)


D o D C I O


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A Shift in Perspective…

LOCAL

EMS

EMS

EMS

EMS

EMS

SPACE

AIR

CYBER

SEA

LAND(FRACTURED)

“SUSTAINABLE”

TO DEFEAT ADVERSARIES IN ANY SITUATION, WE MUST REALIGN

OUR INSTITUTIONAL FRAME OF REFERENCE ONTO THE SINGLE PHYSICAL ENTITY

UNIVERSALLY SHARED

“TRADITIONAL”

Unacknowledged

interdependencies,

relationships and

consequences

EMS

SPACE

CYBER

SEALAND

GLOBAL(COHERENT)

AIR


D o D C I O


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…Driving a Shift in Approach• EMSO is not just “Ops” … it responds to future needs by

driving an inclusive framework for coherent engagement– Requirements, Coordination, Technology, Acquisition, and Enforcement

– EMSO acknowledges that J3 and J6 are having the same discussion

To win in the future, we must leverage LOGIC vs. waiting for Evidence…

• The most important thing about EMSO is “The SHIFT”– …from reactive fixation with threat to proactive pursuit of opportunity

– …from ad hoc tech-driven capabilities to unified EMS-driven technologies

– …from entropy of self-interest (MoP) to efficiency of shared interest (MoE)

– …from focus on means (electronics) to focus on ends (EMS Control)

– …from “EMS as a utility” to “EMS as a Maneuver Space” (‘Domain’)

• Fortunately, we saw this coming:– 2009 VCJCS-Directed EW Capability Based Assessment

– 2012 CNO SSG XXXI “Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare”

– 2013 Defense Science Board (DSB) DoD EW Study

– 2013 DoD Electromagnetic Spectrum Strategy / Roadmap

– 2015 CJCS-Signed “Joint Concept for EMS Operations”

– 2017 DoD Electronic Warfare Strategy / Implementation Plan

– U.S. DoD Strategic Documents: “Defend the global commons…”


D o D C I O


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EMSO Development Effortswith Inter-Relationships

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Validation and Experimentation (TTX, VH, Tier 1)

Operational

Development

Operational Architecture Development

Joint EMSOC Operational Implementation (Products, Processes & Procedures)

Joint Concept for EMSO

Joint EMSO Doctrine Note

Joint EMSO JCS Guidance Functional

Requirements Development

EMBM JCTD

Policy and

Doctrine

Acquisition

Support

Capability

Development

GEMSIS

Increment 3*

USMC

MAGTF-SSF

US Army

EWPMT

US Navy

EMW-RTSO

Supported Acquisition

Efforts

* Assumes that GEMSIS Increment 3 will be funded and tasked to develop

Joint EMSO and EMBM Solutions


D o D C I O


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Essentials of “Domain”

A consistent, discernible and unique

physics-based continuum, into or

from which decisive maneuver, attack,

concealment, deception and related

effects delivery can be conducted and

measured by operational forces

“If ‘Domain’ acts like this and EMS acts like this, then EMS acts like Domain.”

AIR LANDSEA SPACE CYBER

Governing Dynamics: Newton (Land/Maritime), Bernoulli (Air), Kepler (Space) … and Maxwell (EMS)


D o D C I O


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Maneuver in the EMS Domain(“Three Dimensions, over Time”)

Operational EMS Maneuver is not abstract … it is a simple idea,

applied to multiple elements, simultaneously and collaboratively

FORWARD

SIDEWAYS

VERTICAL

TIME

YAW

PITCH

ROLL

TIME

DETAIL

SPACE

POWER

TIME

DETAIL “Parametric”- Frequency, Modulation, Waveform, Polarity, etc.

SPACE “Spatial”- Geolocation, Radiation Pattern, Directionality, Size

POWER “Competitive”- ERP, Gain, Attenuation, Dynamic Power

TIME “Temporal”- Real Time, Duration, Relative Phase, Pulsing


D o D C I O


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Walking ‘Actions’ Back to ‘Strategy’

EMS Control (Requirement)

In order to afford a sufficiently

capable & adaptive future force, we

must shift our concentration from

individual EMS-reliant capabilities

to strategic consideration of

the EMS Domain, itself

Change Signal:- EW EXCOM & EWCT

- DoD EMS Strategy

- DoD EW Strategy

- Doctrine Note for EMSO

- Joint Concept for EMSO

- DoD ‘EMS Domain’ Study

- EMS-E in Survivability KPP

- EMS Enterprise Policy (draft)

EW … SM

EMSO [EW&SM] (Convergence)

EMS Superiority (Capability)

EMS Enterprise (Harmonization)

EMS Governance (Direction)

EMS Domain (Permanence)

We usually stop

paying attention

HERE wrt EMS

DELIBERATE

COHERENT

ENDURING


D o D C I O


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A Taxonomy of AdvantageBased on EM Energy

“We are here…”

ACCELERATION

ADAPTATION

AWARENESS

AGGREGATION

Could an EMS-based approach

to Dynamic Aggregation be

the foundation of new

Allied strategy??

- Dynamic Apertures

- Small Form Factor

- Multi-Functional

- Multi-Spectral

- Distributed

- Cognitive

- Modular

ANTICIPATION?


D o D C I O


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NATO: Progress & Potential

• NATO maintains competitive combat capabilities

• Consider the strategic messaging & leverage created if NATO

commits to an holistic EW / EMS approach…

• Purpose-designed EW exercises & wargames

• Developing EW / EMO as a core competency

• At operational level, advances

are being made -- U.S. ACT is

husbanding C2 for EW

• At national level, as NATO

Member States, we must ask:

‘What will this mean to us?’

• The AJP 3-6 draft and

U.S. JDN 3-16 align well

• When AJP 3-6 is ratified,

SHAPE / Member States

should not be surprised

by doctrine requirements

Assess NATO’s EMS Portfolio + Develop Use Case Rqmts = EMSO Interoperability


D o D C I O


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“The budget also significantly funds important new

technologies that, when coupled with revised operational

concepts, will ensure we can deter and if necessary

win a high-end conventional fight in an anti-access,

area-denial environment across all domains and

warfighting areas: air, land, sea, space, cyberspace and

the electromagnetic spectrum.”

U.S. Secretary of Defense2017 Defense Posture Statement

Strategic Acknowledgment


D o D C I O


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Jesse “Judge” BourqueSecretary, Association of Old Crows

U.S. Senior Defense Analyst

OUSD Policy & OSD CIO

Director, Expression Networks

[email protected]

June 2017


www.crows.org