gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

1

jg tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg gLlt–@)&%

!= k[i7e"ld

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #) n] k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 / :j:y jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] ljifonfO{ df}lns xssf] ?kdf ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L wf/f %! -5_ df k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / pkof]u ;DaGwL gLltsf] -!_ df /fli6«o lxt cg's"n tyf cGt/ k':tf ;dGofosf] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ b]zdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / jftfj/0f cg's"n lbuf]¿kdf pkof]u ug]{ / :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|fyldstf / cu|flwsf/ lbFb} k|fKt k|ltkmnx¿sf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL gLltsf] -@_ df hg;fwf/0fdf jftfj/0fLo :jR5tf ;DaGwL r]tgf a9fO{ cf}Bf]lus Pj+ ef}lts ljsf;af6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvdnfO{ Go'lgs/0f ub}{ jg, jGohGt', k+IfL, jg:klt tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / lbuf] pkof]u ug]{, -^_ df jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf nflu cfjZos e"–efudf jg If]q sfod /fVg], -&_ df k|s[lt, jftfj/0f jf h}ljs ljljwtfdfly gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf gsf/fTds jftfj/0fLo k|efj lgd"{n jf Go"g ug{ pko'Qm pkfox¿ cjnDjg ug]{ / -*_ df jftfj/0f k|b"if0f ug{]n] ;f] jfkt bfloTj Joxf]g{'kg{] tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf k"j{ ;fjwfgL / k"j{ ;"lrt ;xdlt h:tf kof{j/0fLo lbuf] ljsf;sf l;4fGt cjnDjg ug]{ pNn]v 5 .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL ^ df k|b]zsf] Psn clwsf/ cGt{ut k|b]z leqsf] /fli6«o jg tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg /x]sf] 5 eg] cg';"rL & df ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/ ;"rL cGtu{t k|b]z ;Ldf, gbL, hndfu{, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / h}ljs ljljwtf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf]clwsf/sf] ;femf ;"rLdf jghËn, jGohGt', r/fr'?ËL, hn pkof]u, jftfj/0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf /x]sf5g\ . o;/L k|b]zn] ;+3 / :yfgLo tx;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfof{Gjog ug{] k|fjwfg 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] o;} clwsf/ If]qleq /x]/ k|b]z ;/sf/x?n] s]Gb| ;/sf/sf] gLlt cg'?k cf–cfkm\gf] k|b]zdf cfjZos gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/LPsf] 5 .

k|b]z ;/sf/sf] :jLs[t sfo{ljefhg lgodfjnL–@)&$ n] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] sfo{ lhDd]jf/Lx? tf]lslbPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ k|b]z:t/df jg If]qsf] gLlt, sfg"g, dfkb08 tyfof]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog / lgodg ug]{Ù k|b]z leq e"–:vng lgoGq0f, hnfwf/ ;+/If0f, h}ljs ljljwtfsf];+/If0f, cWoog, cg';Gwfg Joj:yfkg, lgodg Pj+ nfef+zsf] afF8kmfF8Ù jGohGt' / jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/k;f/ ;DaGwL lgodg / ck/fw lgoGq0fÙ ;+/If0f If]q / r/g If]qsf] Joj:yfkg, jg cltqmd0f / 89]nf] lgoGq0f, jg ;"rgf ;]jf k|jfx, j[Iff/f]k0f / ;Def/, ;+/If0f If]q klxrfg / Joj:yfksLo k4lt lgwf{/0f, hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ;DjGwL Joj:yfkg cflb ljifo k|b]zsf] lhDd]jf/L leq kb{5g\ . log} lhDd]jf/LnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ of] gLltsf] th{'df u/LPsf] 5 .

@= jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] l:ylt u08sL k|b]z jg, ;+/lIft If]q, h}ljs ljljwtf tyf hnfwf/ ;|f]t ;Dkbfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o dxTjsf] k|b]z xf] . k|b]zsf] s'n If]qkmn dWo] *,!$^=# ju{ ls=ld= -#&=! k|ltzt_ jgn]9fs]sf] 5 . k|b]zsf] s"n jgIf]q dWo] && k|ltzt ufFpkflnsfdf, @)=$ k|ltzt gu/kflnsfdf / @=% k|ltzt dxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] 5 . jgn] /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf, cfo j[l4, ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf]

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

2

nflu cfjZos sf7, bfp/f, hl8a'6L, 3fF;kft tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ h:tf cfwf/e"t j:t' /;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 eg] of] If]q s[lif, pBf]u, hn;|f]t, ko{6g h:tf cfly{s ;d[l4sf If]qx?sf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /xL cfPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] cjlw;Dd k|b]zsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf ^*=% k|ltzt hgtfn]h}ljs OGwg / $) k|ltzt hgtfn] kz' cfxf/sf] ;|f]tsf] ?kdf jghËn / ?v lj?jfdf lge{/ ub{5g\ .

;g\ !(*) kl5sf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] ;+/If0fdf o; k|b]zn] pbfx/0fLo sfo{ u/]sf] k|z:t}k|ltj]bgx?n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;+;f/d} k|l;4 ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg k4ltdWo] o; k|b]zdf #,*$$ j6f ;fd'bflos jg dfkm{t sl/j @,#(!=% ju{ ls=ld= -@(=$ k|ltzt_, !,)&# j6f sa'lnotL jg dfkm{t sl/j $,*))=^ x]S6/, !* j6f wfld{s jg dfkm{t sl/j !))=( x]S6/, k~rf;] ;+/lIft jg, km]jftfn;Fu hf]l8Psf] cGt/f{li6«o dxTjsf] !^$=& x]S6/ If]qkmnsf] ljZj zflGt h}ljs ljljwtf pBfg / #&& gLlh jg dfkm{t k|b]zsf] jg Joj:yfkgaf6 sl/a rf/ nfv 3/w'/L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . To;} u/L j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpFb} sf7hGo pTkfbgdf j[l4 u/L afx\o cfoft Go"gLs/0f ub}{ jg k}bfjf/df cfTdlge{/ x'gsf] nflu gjnk/f;L -ab{3f6 ;':tfk"j{_ sf #@ ;fd'bflos jg, ! ;fem]bf/L jg / ! rSnf jg ;fy} tgx'Fsf % j6f ;fd'bflos jg u/L hDdf #( j6f jgx?sf] !#,#$*=( x]S6/ jgdf j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 / ;f] qmd lj:tf/ xF'b}5 .

o:t} ;+/lIft If]qx?sf] lx;fan] klg u08sL k|b]z g]kfns} wgL k|b]z dflgG5 . o; k|b]zdf lrtjg/fli6«o lgs'~h / 9f]/kf6g lzsf/ cf/Ifsf] cf+lzs efu / cGgk"0f{ / dgf:n' ;+/If0f If]qsf] k'/} efu u/L s"n !),)#(=%! ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmn ;+/lIft If]q kb{5 . g]kfnsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] ^=*@ k|ltzt, g]kfnsf ;+/lIft If]qx?sf] s'n @(=!& k|ltzt / u08sL k|b]zsf] s"n If]qkmnsf] $%=^* k|ltzt/x]sf ;+/lIft If]qx? g]kfnsf] /fli6«o se/]h eGbf em08} bf]Aa/ -/fli6«o se/]h @#=#( k|ltzt_ 5 .;+/lIft If]qsf] dfWodaf6 Joj:yfkg u/L ljZj k|l;4 kf6]af3, Ps l;Ë]u}+8f, lxFplrt'jf, s:t'/L d[u,xfa|] nufotsf jGohGt', jg:klt / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g, kof{ko{6g k|j4{g / dWojtL{If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;afx]s k/:yfgLo ;+/If0fdfkm{t tgx'Fdf efg'eQm k|f0fL pBfg / sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfsf] kre}ofdf k|b]z :t/Lo k|f0fL pBfg :yfkgf ug{sf nflu kxn eO/x]sf] 5 .

of] k|b]z hn k|jfxdf klg cToGt wgL 5 . u08sL a]l;gsf gfdn] k|Voft o; If]qdf lqz'nL, a'9Lu08sL, d:of{ËbL, b/f}bL, ;]tL, dfbL, dbL{, df]bL, DofUbL vf]nf, sfnLu08sL, a8Luf8 u/L !! j6f gbLx? lxdfnaf6 pTkQL eP/ aUg] :yfgLo gbLx? x'g\ . o;afx]s o; k|b]zdf yk #^* j6f ;fgf 7"nf pkhnfwf/x? /x]sf 5g\ . ;+;f/s} cUnf] :yfg -$,(!( ld=_ df /x]sf] ltlnrf] tfn, lxdtfn, lxdgbL, /fd;f/df ;"rLs[t km]jftfn nufotsf tfntn}of / cGo l;d;f/ If]qx? o; k|b]zsf dxTjk"0f{ ;Dkbf x'g\ . o; afx]s DofUbL, d':tfË, dgfË, nDh'Ë / uf]/vfdf uGws / lj/]g'gsf] uGw cfpg] k|fs[ltscf}ifwfnosf ?kdf tftf]kfgL s'08x? klg /x]sf 5g\ .

#= ljutsf k|of;x? M g]kfndf ;+l3otfsf] sfof{Gjog gofF / klxnf] cEof; ePsf]n] xfn k|b]z ;/sf/n] jg tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf sfd ug{ ;'?jft u/]sf] 5 . tyflk ljutsf lbgx?df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljleGg gLltut / sfg'gL ;'wf/ u/L jg / hnfwf/sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg eO/x]sf] lyof] .g]kfnn] cjnDjg u/]sf] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg tyf ;+/lIft If]q Joj:yfkg, b]zsf dxTjk"0f{

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

3

;+j]bgzLn hnfwf/ If]qx?sf] klxrfg, jlu{s/0f ub}{ PsLs[t e"–tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgsf] l;4fGt cjnDjg ub}{ PsLs[t k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] Joj:yfkg dfkm{t jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngdf 6]jf k'u]sf] 5 . r'/] t/fO{dw]z e"–kl/lwsf] PsLs[t Joj:yfkg ug{ 5'§} ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} r'/] ;+/If0fu'?of]hgf ;d]t tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . jg If]qsf s]xL k|d'v gLltx?df ePsf] Joj:yf o; k|sf/ 5 .

#=! jg If]qsf] u'?of]hgf, ;g\ !(** g]kfnsf] jg If]qsf] ;d''lrt ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg / lbuf] pkof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] ;g\ !(** df @) jif]{ jg If]qsf] u'?of]hgf th'{df u/L nfu" u/LPsf] lyof] . ;g\ !(** b]lv ;g\ @)!! ;Dd sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] u'?of]hgf sfndf ;fd'bflos tyf lghL jg, /fli6«o / sa'lnotL jg, kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL / cfg'jf+lzs >f]t ;+/If0f, e"" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f, sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut ljsf; nufot ljleGg !@ j6f sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngdf /x]sf lyP . ;f] u'?of]hgfn] hgr]tgf clej[l4, tflnd, hgzlQm / k|ljlw ljsf;sf dfWodn] ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf jg, jg:ktL, jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f, s[lif e"ld, hnfwf/ / ;+/lIftIf]qsf] Joj:yfkg ub{} ljsf; / jftfj/0faLr ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg] lbzfdf dfu{bz{g / 7f]; of]ubfgu/]sf] kfOG5 . pQm nfdf] of]hgfsfndf g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhg}lts kl/jt{g;Fu} jg, jftfj/0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf If]qdf klg w]/} gLltut, sfg'gL, ;+:yfut / ;dGjofTds Joj:yfx?sf] hua;]sf] kfOG5 .

#=@ ;d[l4sf nflu jgsf] cjwf/0ff, @)^( g]kfnsf] em08} cfwf e"–efu 9fs]sf] jgIf]q cyfx ;Defjgf ePsf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbf eP/ klg cfzfltt\ k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] kl/k|]Iodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^( df3 !@ ut] of] rf/ vDa] cjwf/0ff :jLs[t u/]sf] lyof] . h:fsf] d""n dd{ eg]sf] jgsf] lbuf] Pj+ j}1flgs Joj:yfkgÙ jg k}bfjf/ / ;]jfsf] ;b'kof]uÙ jg ;|f]tsf] Joj;foLs/0f / ahf/Ls/0f tyf jg If]qdf ;'zf;g nufot pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf dfWodn] jg k}bfjf/sf] ;j{;'ne pknAwtf, /f]huf/L ;[hgf / cfoa[l4 ug]{, hl8a'6L tyf sfi7 Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] Joj;foLs/0f / ahf/Ls/0faf6 ;+d[l4 xfl;nug]{ / jg If]qsf] k'g;{+/rgf ub}{ ;'zf;g k|a{4g Pj+ cfjZos gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut ljsf; u/L jg If]qsf] ;alns/0f ug]{ cflb p2]Zo ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . oxL cjwf/0ffsf] hudf @)&! Dff jg gLlt th'{df u/L xfn sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 .

#=# /fli6«o jg gLlt, @)&! jg gLlt, @)&!n] jg, h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/ If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgåf/f :yfgLo / /fli6«o ;d[l4df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] b'/b[li6 lnPsf] 5 . ;fy} o; gLltn] jg, jg:klt, h8La'6L, jGohGt', ;+/lIft If]q,h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/sf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / ;b'kof]u ub}{ /f]huf/L] l;h{gf / cfoj[l4 u/L ljkGg ju{sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLaLr ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]b]lvG5 . dfly pNn]lvt b'/b[li6 / nIo xfl;n ug{ cjnDjg u/LPsf gLltx? o; k|sf/ 5g\M• lbuf]jg Joj:yfkgåf/f jg If]qsf] pTkfbsTj / jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{ .

• h}ljs ljljwtf / ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f nufot jftfj/0fLo ;]jfaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfe j[l4 ub}{ Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

• hn tyf e"ldsf] ;+/If0faf6 e"ldsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ hnfwf/ If]qsf] PsLs[t ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

4

• ;fd'bflos, sa'lnotL, ;fem]bf/L, dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos, ;+/lIft, wfld{s nufotsf ;d'bfoåf/f Jojl:yt jgnfO{ kfl/l:yltsLo, cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kn] ;Ifd agfpFb} nfesf] Gofof]lrt afF8kmfF8 ug]{ .

• lghL If]qnfO{ jg ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df ;+nUg u/fpFb} jghGo pBdsf] k|a4{g, pTkfbgsf] ljljlws/0f / ahf/Ls/0faf6 d"No >[+vnf clej[l4 / xl/t /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ .

• hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ngsf pkfo cjnDjg ug]{ .

• jg If]qdf ;'zf;g, ;dfj]zLs/0f / ;fdflhs Gofo k|a4{gsf] nflu Joj:yfkgnfO{ yk ;Ifd jgfpg] .

jg gLlt, @)&! sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ jg If]qsf] /0fgLlt, @)&@ ;d]t th'{df u/LPsf] 5 . o; /0fgLltn] jg Joj:yfkg, kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL / h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f Pj+ Joj:yfkg, hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkg, hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg, jg pBd k|a4{g / cfly{s ljsf;, Ifdtf ljsf; Pj+ ;+:Yffut ;xsfo{ clej[l4 / jg If]qsf] ;"rgf pkof]u Pj+ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 .

#=$ rf}wf}F} lqjifL{o of]hgf -lj=;+=@)&#÷&$ b]lv @)&%÷@)&^_ rf}wf}F of]hgfdf jg, jg:klt, jGohGt', h8La'6L, h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/sf] ;d'lrt;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g, Joj;foLs/0f / ;b'kof]uåf/f /f]huf/L] l;h{gf ug]{ tyf hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ u/L kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLaLr ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ nIo lnOPsf] 5 . pQm of]hgfn] ;f] nIo xfl;n ug{ lbuf]jg Joj:yfkgåf/f jg If]qsf] pTkfbsTj / jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{Ù h}ljs ljljwtf / ;|f]tsf];+/If0f nufot jftfj/0fLo ;]jfaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfe j[l4 ub}{ Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ;'lglZrt Ufg]{ tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ng / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf pkfo cjnDjgub}{ hn, hn;|f]t tyf e"ldsf] ;+/If0faf6 e"ldsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ hnfwf/ If]qsf] PsLs[t ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug]{ p2]Zo cjnDjg u/]sf] 5 .

dfly pNn]v ePsf nIo / p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ljBdfg jg If]q sfod /fvL jgsf] 3gTj, pTkfbsTj / pTkfbg j[l4sf] nflu jgsf] ;xeflutfd"ns lbuf] Pj+ j}1flgs Joj:yfkg ug]{Ù h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/sf] lbuf]Joj:yfkg / pkof]udf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] kx'Fr j[l4 ug]{ Pj+ kof{ko{6gsf cfwf/x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg tyf k'glg{df{0f ug]{Ù lbuf]jg Joj:yfkg / ;+/If0fdfkm{t jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod /flv hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0fsf ;Defljt cGt/f{li6«o nfex¿nfO{ :yfgLo :t/;Dd k'¥ofpg] / jg k}bfjf/df cfTdlge{/tf xfl;n ub}{ o;df cfwfl/t pBdzLntf / /f]huf/L j[l4 ug]{ /0fgLlt clVtof/ u/LPsf] kfOG5 .

#=% /fli6«o h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf, @)&! g]kfn ;g\ !(($ df h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGwsf] kIf/fi6« ePkl5 ;g\ @))@ df g]kfn h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt / ;g\ @))$ df h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt sfof{Gjog of]hgf th'{df u/L g]kfnsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;b'kof]u / nfef+zsf] ;dGoflos ljt/0f ug]{ kxn u/LPsf] lyof] . pQm /0fgLlt / sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] cjlw ;dfKt eO{ xfn bf];|f] r/0fdf h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf -;g\ @)!$–@)@)_ :jLs[t eO{ sfof{Gjodf /x]sf] 5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

5

lj=;+= @)&! ;fndf tof/ ePsf] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgfn] kof{j/0fLo ;dfg's"ngtf ;lxtsf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ub}{ /fli6«o ;d[l4df of]ubfg lbg] bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf] % jif]{ sfo{of]hgf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] kof{j/0fLo k|0ffnLsf] k"0f{tfnfO{ pNn]Vo ?kdf clej[l4 ug]{ nIo lnPsf] o; of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogdf !# j6f /0fgLlts cjwf/0ff ;d]l6Psf5g\ . sfof{Gjog of]hgfdf ;+/lIft If]q, ;+/lIft If]q aflx/ r/g If]q, l;d;f/ If]q, kj{tLo If]q / s[lifh}ljs ljljwtf Joj:yfkg u/L ^ j6f ljifo / gLlt / sfg"gL vfsf, ldrfxf k|j[lQsf k|hftLsf] lgoGq0f, e"–kl/lw :t/Lo Joj:yfkg, ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f, Ifdtf clej[l4, h}ljs ljljwtf /fli6«o gLlt th'{df ug,{ of]hgf tyf ah]6df cfGtl/sL/0f ug]{, h}ljs ljljwtf ;DjGwL k|lta4tfx?aLr tfnd]n ldnfpg] nufotsf !% cGt/laifout If]q ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

o; of]hgfsf] k|d'v laz]iftf eg]sf] :yfgLo :t/sf] h}ljs ljljwtf of]hgfsf] k|f?k xf] . jt{dfg ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf ;+/lIft If]qsf] Joj:yfkg ;+3sf] Psn clwsf/ If]qleq /x]sf] tyf h}ljs ljljwtf;+/If0f ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/ ;"rLdf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;+3n] tof/ ug]{ h}ljs ljljwtf;+/If0fsf] k|f?k cg'?k k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfjZostf / cf}lrTotfsf] cfwf/df h}ljs ljljwtfsf] :yfgLo /0fgLlt Pj+ sfof{Gjog of]hgf tof/ kfg{ o; /0fgLltn] ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 .

#=^ r'/]–t/fO{–dw]z ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg u'?of]hgf, @)&$ “kof{j/0fLo ?kn] ;Gt'lnt / cfly{s ?kn] ;Da[4 r'/]–t/fO{–dw]z e"—kl/wL” eGg] b"/b[li6sf ;fy @) aif]{ cjlwsf] nflu lj=;+= @)&$ df tof/ ePsf] u'?of]hgfn] % jif{sf] nflu lj:t[t / !) tyf !% aif{sf] nflu cg'dflgt sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 tof/ u/]sf] 5 . r'/]–t/fO{–dw]z ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgu'?of]hgfn] r'/] If]qsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf]Joj:yfkg tyf kof{j/0fLo ;]jfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ ;Djl[4 / u/LjL Go"gLs/0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . u'?of]hgfsf tLg p2]Zox? 5g\ . klxnf] p2]Zodf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf]Joj:yfkg ub{} hnjfo' kl/jt{g / k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 x'g] Iflt sd ug'{, bf];|f]df k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] Plss[t Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ gbL k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0fdfkm{t r'/] If]qaf6 k|fKt x'g] kof{j/0fLo ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ sfod ug]{ / t];|f] p2]Zodf jg If]qaf6 6f9f /x]sf pkef]Qmfsf] jg ;|f]tdf kx'Fr a9fpg] tyf 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf] nflu phf{sf] ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf a9fpg] . oL p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu k|sf]k Joj:yfkg, kof{ko{6g, dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghftLsf] ;xeflutf, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng, cg';Gwfg tyf k|ljlw ljsf; cflb cGt/laifoutIf]qx?sf] klg klxrfg ePsf] 5 .

#=& hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt, @)^& lj=;+= @)^& ;fndf hf/L ePsf] g]kfnsf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLltsf] b"/b[li6 – hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|lts"n k|efjaf6 aRg / arfpg, dfgj ljsf; / ;Dj[l4 sfod ub}{, hnjfo' GofonfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{, kof{j/0fLo / lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cjnDjg u/L ;d'Ggt ;dfhtkm{ cu|;/ x'g of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' /x]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|lts"n k|efjx?nfO{ Go"g ug]{ / o;af6 l;lh{t cj;/x?sf] pkof]uub}{ hnjfo'd}qL ef}lts, ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s ljsf; u/L hLljsf]kfh{gsf cj;/x?sf] clej[l4 ug'{ o; gLltsf] kl/b[Zo /x]sf] 5 eg] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|lts"n k|efj Go"gLs/0f ub}{, hnjfo' cg's"lnt x'Fb}, Go"g sfj{g–pGd'v ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljsf; kynfO{ cjnDjg ub}{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGqdf ePsf] k|lta4tf cg'?k ;xof]u tyf ;xsfo{sf] k|a4{g u/L hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg' o; gLltsf] k|d'v nIo /x]sf] 5 . o; gLltn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f b]vf k/]sf r'gf}ltsf]

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

6

;Daf]wg ug{ cGt/f{li6«o txdf pknJw cfly{s Pj+ k|fljlws cj;/sf] nfe lng] dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf] 5 . o; gLltn] ;j{kIfLo ;xeflutf dfkm{t hgr]tgf clej[l4, Ifdtf clej[l4, k|ljlw ljsf; / x:tfGt/0f, hnjfo' cg's"ng, Go"gLs/0f tyf sfa{g ;l~rlts/0fnfO{ a9fjf lbg] sfo{qmd th'{df, sfof{Gjog, d"Nofªsg tyf cg'udg ug{ cfly{s ;|f]t h'6fpg tyf ;f] df kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ;xhLs/0f ug]{ b]lvG5 . ;fy} :jR5 tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ljsf;, sfa{g Jofkf/ tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 pknAw cj;/sf] pkof]u u/L u/LjL Go"gLs/0f tyf lbuf]ljsf;sf] nIo k"/f ug{ d4t k'Ug] b]lvG5 .

o; gLltn] /fli6«o cg's"ng sfo{qmdnfO{ ljsf; Ph]08fsf] ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg / hnjfo'kl/jt{g ;DalGw ;a} k|sf/sf :ynut sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ubf{ s'n ah]6sf] Go"gtd *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L /sd :yfgLo :t/df k'¥ofpg, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ hnjfo'd}qL Pj+ k"jf{wf/ ljsf;nfO{ hnjfo' ;dfg's"ng agfpg hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

#=* :jR5 jftfj/0f dxfcleofg, @)&% jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ u/L k|b'if0f l;h{gf x'g glbg] / tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 ljkl/tkmf]x/d}nf lgisf;g x'g glbg], jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / ljleGg >f]t / lsl;dx?af6 x'g] hn, :yn, jfo' / cGo k|b"if0f /f]Sg ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txx?af6 hf/L sfg'gx?sf] s8fOsf ;fy kfngf / sfof{Gjogug]{ / k|b"if0fsf] /f]syfd, lgoGq0f, xl/ofnL k|a4{g tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu lj1fg k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / ;kmn cEof;x? ;d]tsf] cfwf/df lqmofsnfkx? cufl8 a9fpg] u/L g]kfn :jR5 jftfj/0f dxfcleofg -lj=;+ @)&%_ z'? ePsf] 5 .

of] cleofgn] ;fj{hl{gs :yfgdf kmf]x/d}nf kmfNg k"0f{?kdf k|ltjGw nufpg] / ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo tx / ;/f]sf/fjfnf lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo u/L kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{, sf7df08f} pkTosf nufot g]kfnsf zx/x?nfO{ kmf]x/d}nf, w'nf], WjgL / w'Fjf h:tf k|b"if0f /f]syfd u/L ;kmf / ;'Gb/ agfpg] / ;8s lsgf/, l;+rfO{ s'nf], gbL lsgf/ tyf v'Nnf, vfln / ktL{ hUufdf kmnkm"n nufot ax'pkof]uL / ;f}Gbo{hGo k|hfltsf ?vlj?jf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L xl/ofnL k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .

k|b]zdf jgsf] lbuf]Pj+ j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg ;'? ePsf] 5 eg] kf]v/f pkTosfsf ;a} k|d'v tfnx? Psd'i7 /fd;f/df ;'lrs[t ePsf 5g\ . hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg / ;d''bfodf cfwfl/t ;s[o jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd nfu' ePsf 5g\ . jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f / lbuf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ ;d[l4 pGd'v gLlt / sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 .

$= r'gf}ltx?$=! /fli6«o ;d:ofs} ?kdf /x]sf] jg cltqmd0f, rf]/L s6fg, rf]/L lzsf/, cJojl:yt a;f]af;, af9L,

klx/f], e"–Ifo / jg If]qsf] Iflos/0f h:tf ;d:ofaf6 of] k|b]z c5'tf] 5}g . t/fO{ efudf sf7 bfp/fsf] rf]/L s6fg / jg If]q cltqmd0f dWokxf8L e]udf jg 89]nf], vf]l/of kmF8fgL, 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jfsf] cJojl:yt pkof]u, pRr kxf8L tyf lxdfnL e]udf jg;|f]tsf] plrt Joj:yfkg / hl8a'6Lsf] j}1flgs ;+sng ug{ 7"nf] r'gf}lt 5 .

$=@ u08sL k|b]z glbgfnf, tfn, lxdtfn / jg If]qdf wgL ePtf klg jgsf] lbuf]Pj+ j}1flgs Joj:yfkgdf oy]i6 Wofg k'Ug g;s]sf sf/0f cltqmd0f / e"–Ifosf] rk]6fdf k/]sf] 5 . sfi7hGo

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

7

k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgsf] cefj 5 . kf]v/f nufot k|d'v zx/x?df cfofltt sf7 / kmnfd tyf cfNdf]lgodsf] k|of]u a9\b} uPsf] 5 . sfi7hGo k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4 u/L cfoft k|lt:yfkg u/L lgof{t k|j4{g ug{' r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 .

$=# lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] Go"g k|of]u ePsf sf/0f jgsf] x}l;ot / k}bfjf/sf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ cfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . lgdf0f{d'vL sf7 bfp/fsf] pkrf/ u/L l6sfp agfpg / l6sfp x'g] u/L sf7sf] k|of]u ug]{ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L sf7hGo pBf]u k|j4{g ug'{ klg r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 .

$=$ jgsf] k|sf/, cj:yf, Joj:yfkgsf] p2]Zo / Joj;flos/0fsf] ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df jg ;'xfpFbf] lbuf]Pj+ j}1flgs jg Joj:yfksLo k4ltsf] klxrfg, ljsf; / k|of]usf] cefjdf sfi7, u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4, hnfwf/sf] Plss[t ;+/If0f tyf jftfj/0fLo ;]jf / ;f]af6 k|fKt x'g] nfesf] j[l4 ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . jg k|fljlws tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf ;xefuL x'g] ;d'bfox?sf] k|fljlws / Joj;flos Ifdtf tyf bIftf j[l4 ug{ r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 .

$=% ljleGg axfgfdf JolQm ljz]ifn] jf ;+3;+:yf jf ljsf; cfo]hgfx?af6 ljutb]lv x'Fb} cfPsf] jg

cltqmd0f, jg If]qsf] hUuf cGo k|of]hgdf k|of]u ug]{ k|j[ltnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L cltqmldt jg If]qnfO{ k'gM k|fKt u/L jgsf] k'g?Tkfbg ug]{ sfo{ r"gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . ;fy} lrt'jf, afFb/, xfQL, b'D;L, h:tf jGo hGt'af6 ;[hgf x'g] dfgj–jGohGt' bG4 / rf]/L lzsf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{ hf]lvdo'St 5 .

$=^ jg k}bfjf/ -ljz]if u/L sf7, bfp/f, vf]6f], hl8a'6L / lghL cfjfbLsf] sf7 bfp/f_ sf] ;+sng cf];f/–k;f/ / laqmLlat/0fnfO{ ;/n / kf/bzL{ agfO{ jg k}bfjf/sf] d"No l:y/ /fVg / ;'zf;g k|aw{g ug{ r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 .

$=& k|b]z leqsf gbLgfnf, ;fj{hlgs hUuf, le/, kfvfaf6 clgolGqt / cJojl:yt pkof]u x'Fb} cfPsf] 9'Ëf, lul§, afn'jf, df6f] h:tf jg / gbLhGo k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] Joj:yfkg / lgodg ug]{ sfo{ Pj+ u|fld0f ljsf;sf gfFpdf hyfefaL ljgf of]hgf, dfkb08 / jftfj/0fLo cWoog lagf 8f]h/ nufO{ u/Lg] e"–:nvgsf] /f]syfd csf]{ r'gf}lt /x]sf] 5 .

$=* k|b]zsf] ljsf;sf] dxTjsf+Iff, ef}uf}lns ;+a]bgzLntf Pj+ jftfj/0fLo hf]lvdsfaLr dxTjk"0f{ hnfwf/, l;d;f/ / jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f u/L lbuf]ljsf; / ;d[l4sf nIo xfFl;n ug{ r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 .

%= cj;/x?%=! lbuf] Pj+ j}1fgLs Joj:yfkgsf dfWodn] k|fKt x'g] sf7hGo jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg, pkrf/, k|zf]wg, pTkfbg ljljlws/0f / ahf/Ls/0f ub}{ jg pBdsf] ljsf;, /f]huf/L k|j4{g / cfly{s j[l4 ug]{ k|r'/ ;Defjgf 5 . To;} u/L u08sL k|b]zsf dxTjk"0f{ hl8a'6L / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] vtL k|j4{g u/L k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0f ub{} :yfgLo txdf /f]uhf/L, cfo cfh{g ub}{ k|b]zsf] ;Dj[l4df of]ubfg ug{ ;lsg] cj;/ 5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

8

%=@ ko{6sLo k|b]z ePsf]n] ;+3 / :yfgLo txsf] ;dGjodf ;+/If0f If]q, ;+/lIft jg, lrl8ofvfgf, h}ljs ljljwtf pBfg, hnfwf/, l;d;f/, tfn tn}of / e"–b[ioo'Qm If]qsf] ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg ub}{ Kof/fUnfOl8Ë, xf]d:6], kbofqf, b[iofjnf]sg h:tf k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts, h}ljs ko{6g

Joj;fo k|j4{gdf k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ?kdf 6]jf k'Ug]5 .

%=# l;FrfO{ tyf s[lif dhb"/sf] cefjdf afFemf] x'Fb} uPsf kxf8L lhNnfsf v]taf/Ldf tyf ;fd'bflos / sj'lnotL jg If]qdf hl8a'6L v]tL, kz'kfng, cn+}Fr, kmnkm"n pTkfbg h:tf s[lif–jgafnL (Agroforestry) ljsf;sf ;Defjgf 5g\ eg] gbL Pj+ tfntn}of / l;d;f/ If]q sf] a''l4dQfk"0f{ pkof]u / ko{6g k|j4{g u/L lhljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 .

%=$ u08sL k|b]z hn;|f]tsf] e08f/ / hnljB't ljsf;sf] k|r'/ ;Defjgfsf] If]q ePsf]n] hn ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug]{ hnljB't, l;+rfO{, ko{6g, df5fkfng cflb pBf]uaf6 jftfj/0fLo ;]jf afkt z'Ns lnO k|b]zsf] hnfwf/ / jg If]qx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

%=% of] k|b]z jg, jg:klt, jGohGt', h}ljs ljljwtf, hnfwf/, / hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cfljisf/sf] nflu /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o dxTjsf] v'nf ljZjljBfnosf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgfo'Qm k|b]zsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

%=^ of] k|b]zdf ;Dj]bgzLn hnfwf/ If]q, zx/L vfg]kfgLsf hnfwf/, zx/L jg, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg, sfa{g Jofkf/, kof{j/0fLo ;]jfsf] e'StfgL h:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;Defjgf 5 .

^ gofF gLltsf] cfjZostf ^=!_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd k|b]zsf] clwsf/ ;""rL tyf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sfo{ljefhg lgodfjnL @)&$ adf]lhdsf sfo{lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] gofF jg tyf hnfwf/ gLlt tof/ ug{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 .^=@_ u08sL k|b]zsf] ;Dj[l4df jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg ;Sg] xF'bf o; If]qsf]

lbuf]Joj:yfkgaf6 k|fKt x'g] pTkfbg / jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] a'l4dQfk"0f{ pkof]u / k|fKt nfesf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fsf] dfWodjf6 :yfgLo txdf jg k}bfjf/sf] cfk"lt{, /f]huf/L ;[hgf / cfo j[l4 ub}{ k|b]zsf] lbuf]ljsf; / jftfj/0faLr ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg of] jg tyf hnfwf/ gLlt @)&% th'{df u/LPsf] 5 .

& gLlt lgdf{0fsf cfwf/x? of] gLlt th'{df ubf{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / o;sf cg';"rLx?df ePsf] Joj:yf, k|b]z ;/sf/ sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL @)&$ nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 eg] ljutdf jg tyf hnfwf/;+/If0fsf If]qdf cjnDjg u/LPsf gLltut k|of;, c;n cEof; / l;sfO{sf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f u/L ;fGble{s ljifonfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . To;}u/L k|b]z:t/df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu u/LPsf] cGt/lqmof / jgIf]qsf lj1, ljz]if1x?af6 k|fKt /fo k/fdz{ ;d]tnfO{ ;dfj]z u/LPsf] 5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

9

*= gLltsf] gfd / k|f/De

*=! of] gLltsf] gfd u08sL k|b]z jg tyf hnfwf/ gLlt, @)&% /xg] 5 . *=@ of] gLlt k|b]zsf] jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] d"n gLltsf] ?kdf /xg] 5 . of] gLltn] u08sL k|b]zsf] jg, jg:ktL jGohGt', h}ljs ljljwtf, hnfwf/ nufot jg ;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo ;d]6\g] 5 .*=# of] gLlt u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldltb]lv nfu"x'g]5 .

(= b"/b[i6L (Vision)

of] gLltsf] b"/b[li6 lbuf]Pj+ Jojl:yt jg / hnfwf/ ;lxtsf] ;d[4 u08sL k|b]z /xg] 5 .!)= nIo (Goals) jg, jg:ktL, jGohGt', h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/hGo ;|f]tsf] lbuf] ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg / ;b'kof]u ub]{]]} jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgdf j[l4, ;xh cfk"lt{ / jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] k|jfx ;'lglZrt ub}{k|b]zsf] ;d[l4 / lbuf]ljsf; ug]{ k|d'v nIo /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf k|b]zn] yk lgDg nIo /fv]sf] 5 .

!)=! k|b]zsf] df}h'bf jg If]qnfO{ sfod} /fvL pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpFb} nf}hfg] .!)=@ jg If]qsf] k|fb]lzs u'?of]hgf la=;+= @)&& leqdf tof/ u/L nfu' ug]{ .!)=# jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+sng / laqmLlat/0f ug]{ k|fb]lzs txdf cfk"[lt{ ;ldlt :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng ug]{ .!)=$ ;Dj]bgzLn Pj+ k|b]z / /fli6«o dxTjsf jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] klxrfg u/L ;xeflutfd"ns

;+/If0f / lbuf]Joj:yfkgsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] .!)=% ;DefJotf x]/L jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg, hl8a'6L nufot sfi7 / u}/sfi7 jg

pBdsf] k|j4{gaf6 /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ .

!!= gLltsf] k|d'v p2]Zox? Mof] gLltsf p2]Zox? b]xfo jdf]lhd /x]sf 5g,!= u08sL k|b]zdf /x]sf jg, jg:klt, jGohGt', h}ljs ljljwtf, hnfwf/, l;d;f/ Pj+ r/g If]q nufotsf ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ lbuf]Joj:yfkg ug]{ . @= jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ub{} jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg / jg If]qsf] pTkfbsTj a9fO{ k|b]znfO{ sf7 bfp/fdf cfTdlge{/ agfpg], jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] k|jfx ;'lglZrt ug]{ / To:tf k}bfjf/ / ;]jfsf] ;xh cfk"lt{ / ;dGoflos ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . #= k|b]zleq x'g] ef}lts ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{nfO{ hnjfo' / jftfj/0fd}qL agfO{ kof{j/0fLo

;Gt'ng sfod /fVg] .$= ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df jg tyf hnfwf/ ;|f]tsf] Joj;foLs/0f u/L hl8a'6L v]tL k|j4{g, k|zf]]wg / ahf/Ls/0f sf7 tyf cGo u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t jg pBd k|j4{g h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;b'kof]u / Joj;foLs/0fÙ s[lif jgsf] k|j4{g ub}{ k|b]zdf /f]huf/L ;[hgf cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] .

%= jg tyf hnfwf/ ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg / ;b''kof]udf ;d'bfox?sf] ;xeflutf ;'b[9 ub}{ To:tf] >f]t Joj:yfkgdf gljg k4ltsf] cg'z/0f / ljsf; ub}{ ;''zf;g k|j4{g ub]{]]} nfg] .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

10

^= jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qnfO{ k|b]zsf] ;Dd[l4sf] cfwf/ jgfpg cfjZos gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut ;'wf/ ub]{]]} Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;|f]t ;fwg ;DkGg t'Nofpg] .

!@= gLltx?s_ jg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg !@=! k|b]z leqsf] df}h'bf jg If]q sfod /fVb} /fli6«o jg, r/gIf]q / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] lbuf] Pj+

j}1flgs Joj:yfkg u/L /f]huf/L ;[hgf / cfo cfh{g a9fpg] . k|b]zsf] jg If]qsf] e"–:jfldTj lgwf{/0f / cBfjlws ug]{ u/fpg] .

!@=@ k|b]zsf] r'/], t/fO{, leqL–dw]; tyf efj/ If]qsf] jg, e"–tyf hnfwf/ Pj+ jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg] . k|b]zsf] klxrfg af]s]sf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL, ;'gfv/L, nflnu'/fF;, hl8a'6L

If]q, jGohGt' / ltgsf af;:yfg, k|b]z leq kfgLsf d'xfg, tfn, s'08, kf]v/L, l;d;f/, r/fr'?ËL, /}yfg] k|f0fL, jg:ktL, ;'Id lhjf0f'sf] ;+/If0f u/L Joj:yfkgsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] .

!@=# ;fj{hlgs If]qsf j/–lkknsf rf}tf/f, ;dL, hfd'g, ?b|fIf, >Lv08, a]nnufotsf wfld{s ;f+:s[lts dxTjsf ?v lj?jfsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

!@=$ k|b]zsf] jg clts|d0fnfO{ lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkg u/L jg If]qsf] k'g?Tyfg u/L ;+/If0f ug]{ .

!@=% ;+3 / :yfgLo txsf] ;dGjodf l;d;f/, tfn tn}ofx?sf] PsLs[t / lbuf]Joj:yfkg tyf ax''pkof]u ug]{ . km]jf, ?kf, j]ugf; h:tf dxTjk'0f{ tfnx?sf] cltqmd0f x6fO{, l;N6];g (Siltation) 36fO{ ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ub}{ hfg] . k|b]zl:yt lxdtfn, gbLgfnf, tfntn}ofx?sf] ;+/If0f / ax'pkof]usf nflu cfjZos lgsfo agfO{ sfof{Gjog / lgodg ug]{ .

!@=^ jg If]qsf] e"uf]n, Joj:yfkgsf] p2]Zo / ;DefJotf x]/L k|b]zsf] jg If]qnfO{ pTkfbgd'vL jg, ;+/If0fd'vL jg, ;+/lIft If]q, hl8a'6L If]q, hnfwf/ If]q, l;d;f/ If]q, e"–;+j]bglzn r'/] If]q cflbdf jlu{s/0f u/L u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L pko'Qm jg Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] klxrfg u/L

Joj:yfkg ub}{ hfg] . !@=& k|b]z cGtu{tsf /fli6«o jg, ;+/lIft jg ;fd'bflos jg, sa'lnolt jg, wfld{s jg, rSnf jg,

;fem]bf/L jg / ;+/lIft If]qsf] lbuf]Pj+ j}1flgs Joj:yfkg ug]{, u/fpg] .

!@=* dfgj jGo–hGt' 4G4 Go'gLs/0f ug]{ pkfox?sf] cjnDjg ub}{ Ifltk"lt{ Pj+ /fxtsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

!@=( g]kfnsf] h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt / sfof{Gjog of]hgf, jftfj/0f gLlt, l;d;f/ gLlt nufot jftfj/0fLo gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xlhs/0f ug]{ . :yfgLo txdf h}ljs ljljwtf /

k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] clen]lvs/0f, ;+u|x Pj+ h}ljs tyf cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t pk/sf] af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff ug]{, u/fpg] . k|b]z leq jg, jg:klt, h}ljs ljljwtf ;DjGwL k|fb]lzs ;+u|xfno, ;fd'bflos

aLp e08f/, lhg a}+s, k|f0fLpBfg, jGohGt' p4f/ s]Gb|, :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{, u/fpg] .

!@=!) jg tyf jGohGt'sf] af;:yfgnfO{ 89]nf] afx\o ldrfxf k|hflt, /f]usL/f / jg kmF8fgLaf6 hf]ufpFb} jGohGt'sf] rf]/L lzsf/ Pj+ u}/sfg'gL Jofkf/nfO{ lgoGq0f / lgodg ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

11

!@=!! :yfgLo :t/df kfOg] jg:klt / jGohGt' nufotsf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] klxrfg / j}1flgs clen]lvs/0f ug]{ . k|b]zleq afx\o k|hftLsf] k|j]z, v]tL lj:tf/ tyf pkof]usf] s8fOsf ;fy lgodg ug]{ .!@=!@ kof{ko{6g tyf ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbg] u/L /fli6«o jg -;fd'bflos jg, sa'lnolt jg_ sf] s'g}

If]q tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 / sfo{ljlwsf] cfwf/df Joj:yfkg ug{ hf]8 lbg] .

v_ pTkfbg / ljt/0f !@=!# jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] lbuf]Joj:yfkg ub}{ jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg a9fpg], jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf]

k|jfxnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ / k|b]zdf To:tf k}bfjf/ / ;]jfsf] ;xh cfk"lt{ / ;dGoflos ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!@=!$ k|b]z cGtu{tsf pTkfbgd"ns jgx?sf] lbuf]Pj+ j}1flgs Joj:yfkg u/L jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{ .

!@=!% jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg a9fpg lghL jg, s[lif jg, zx/L jg, cf}Bf]lus jgsf] ljsf; /

lj:tf/ ub}{ gbL psf; hUuf tyf ;8s, gx/, /]Nj] lsgf/fdf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L x'sf{pg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ . To:tf jgsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u / ljleGg k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd

;~rfng ug]{, u/fpg] .

!@=!^ jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg / u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{ jg ;Dj4{g k4ltsf] ljsf;, k|fs[lts / j[Iff/f]k0f jgsf] Joj:yfkg, jg aLp ;|f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf / Joj:yfkgÙ u'0f:t/Lo lj?jf pTkfbg / ljt/0f, cfly{s dxTjsf ?v lj?jfsf] k|j4{g h:tf ljifosf] cg';Gwfg tyf k|ljlw ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .

!@=!& jg k}bfjf/sf] d"No clej[l4 ;DjGwL sfo{ ug{ gLlh If]qsf] e"ldsf k|i6 u/L lghL If]qjf6 x'g] nufgL a9fpg pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug]{ .

!@=!* k|b]zdf sf7 bfp/f ;+sng, pTkfbgsf] ljljlws/0f / laqmLljt/0f sfo{nfO{ lbuf,] kf/bzL{ Pj+ ljZj;gLo agfO{ Psåf/ k4ltaf6 ;j{;fwf/0f / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu ;/n / ;xh ?kdf jg k}bfjf/ pknAw u/fpg k|b]z jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] :yfkgf Pj+ ;~rfng u/L jg k}bfjf/sf] ljt/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ hfg] .

!@=!( lgdf{0f of]Uo k|hfltsf sf7sf] u'0f:t/ / cfo" a9fpg l;hlgª -Seasoning_ / pkrf/ (Treatment) u/L lalqm ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] ;fy} ahf/ d"Nodf l:y/tf Nofpg sf7 bfp/fsf] clwstd lalqm d"No tf]Sg] . v]/ uO/x]sf ljleGg sfi7 Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L Joj;flos Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo j:t'sf] pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbg] .

!@=@) jg ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg, ;b'kof]u / Joj;flos/0fsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf / ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu cfjZos jg;|f]t ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L ;fj{hlgs ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!@=@! sf7 bfp/fsf] s6fg, ;+sng, cf];f/k;f/ / laqmL ljt/0fnfO{ k|ljlwo'St / Joj;flos agfO{ kf/bzL{

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

12

t'Nofpg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;d]tsf] ;dGjodf ;/n sfo{ljwL agfO{ nfu' ug]{ . sf7 bfp/f jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] plrt e08f/0f / ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf u/L ;8\g uNg jf u'0f:t/ ¥xf; x'gaf6 arfpg] .

u_ jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng !@=@@ z'4 lkpg] kfgL, jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] k|jfx / hnLo :jR5tfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ Pj+ e"–Ifo

Go"gLs/0f u/L s[lif pTkfbg a9fpgsf nflu k|b]zsf dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j]bgzLn hnfwf/ If]qsf] klxrfg u/L PsLs[t Joj:yfkg ub}{ hfg] . k|b]zl:yt kfgLsf ;|f]tx? / hnfwf/sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg u/L z'4 lkpg] kfgLÙ s[lif, l;FrfO{, hnljB'tsf nflu cfjZos kfgL lg/Gt/ pknAw u/fpgdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] .

!@=@# k|b]z leqsf] e"–:vngsf] kl/df0fnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/L e"–pTkfbsTj clej[l4sf ;fy} ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;+/If0f ug{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] .

!@=@$ r'/] efj/ nufot ef}uf]lns b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn If]qx?df df6f], kfgL, jg, s[lif ;|f]tx?sf] lbuf];+/If0f x'g] u/L PsLs[t / ;dGjofTds ljsf; ug]{ . ;+/If0f v]tL, kfgL ;l~rlts/0f, sd vlr{nf] e"–;+/If0f k|ljlw, jfof]O{GhLlgo/Lª h:tf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{{] .

!@=@% k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] cToflws bf]xgsf] Go"gLs/0f u/L jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{ 9'Ëf, lu6L, afn'jf h:tf gbLhGo kbfy{x?sf] pTkfbg / k|of]usf] dfkb08 agfO{ lgodg ug]{ . ;fy} ;DefJotf x]/L gbL tyf vf]nfhGo pTvgg\ / ;+sngnfO{ qmdzM vflghGo Joj;fodf ?kfGt/0f ub} nfg] .

!@=@^ ef}lts k'jf{wf/ lgdf0f{ ug'{ k"j{ ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo cWoog u/L e"–Ifo / siltation gx'g] ;'lglZrttf u/L hnjfo' / jftfj/0fd}qL k4ltsf] cjnDjg ug{] . jgIf]q tyf dxTjk"0f{ hnfwf/If]q, l;d;f/, ;+/lIft If]q eP/ hfg] ;8s, gx/, hnljB't nufotsf ;a} ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ubf{ jftfj/0fLo cWoognfO{ clgjfo{ ug]{ . of]hgf / jftfj/0fLo cWoog gu/L 8f]h/ nufO{ e"–Ifo, klx/f] hfg] u/L vghf]t ug{ gkfO{g] Joj:yf ug]{ .

!@=@& hnfwf/ ;+/If0fdf tNnf] t6Lo / pkNnf] t6Lo If]qsf] ;]jfu|fxLsf] cGt/;DjGw sfod /fVb} a]l;g cjwf/0ffsf] gd"gf sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf Nofpg] . kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfsf] e"QmfgL (PES) ;DaGwL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L To:tf] ;]jf k|fKt u/] afkt nfUg] z'Nssf] lglZrt c+z ;|f]t ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf clgjfo{ vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!@=@* hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ pkfosf] cjnDjg ub}{ kf/Ll:yltsLo k|0ffnL / ;d'bfosf] ;dfg''s'ng Ifdtf (Resiliency) a9fpFb} ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ . af9L, klx/f], 8'afg, gbL s6fg, 89]nf] h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f u/L hgwgsf] ;'/Iffdf hf]8 lbg] .

!@=@( jg If]qaf6 pT;h{g x'g] sfa{gsf] dfqf 36fpg jg 89]nf], jg kmF8fgL, IfoLs/0f lgoGq0fsf pkfox? cjnDjg ub}{ sfa{g ;l~rlt a9fpg lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . sfa{g Jofkf/ k|j4{g ug{ /fli6«o /]8 /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

13

3_ jg k}bfjf/ / ;]jfsf] Joj;flos/0f !@=#) jgIf]qnfO{ pTkfbgd'ns agfO{ ;Dj[l4 xfl;n ug{ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t KnfOp8, kmlg{r/,

af]8{, em\ofn, 9f]sf tof/ ug]{ h:tf sfi7 pBf]u Pj+ vf]6f], cn}FrL, hl8a'6L k|zf]wg h:tf u}/sfi7 pBf]u jf cfGtl/s vkt a9fpg], cfoft k|lt:yfkg jf lgof{t k|j4{g ug]{ pBf]u k|j4{g ug{ pBdd}qL sfg'g, dfkb08, sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog / lgodg ug]{ .

!@=#! k|b]z leqsf pRr d"Nosf ?vlj?jf, hl8a'6Lsf] klxrfg, v]tL k|ljlw ljsf;, lj:tf/, k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0f u/L /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ . jg If]qaf6 ;+sng u/Lg] hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg

k}bfjf/x?sf] lbuf]Pj+ ;/n ;+sng, e08f/0f tyf k|f/lDes k|zf]wg ljlw tof/ u/L ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;Lk ljsf;, k|lzIf0f ug]{, u/fpg] . ;f] sfo{sf] cg'udgsf] Joj:yf clgjfo{ ug]{ .

!@=#@ k|b]zleq pknAw x'g] hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] cfly{s dxTjsf cfwf/df k|b]zleq slDtdf Ps txsf] k|zf]wg u/]/ d"No >[+vnf clej[l4 u/]/ lgsf;L x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!@=## ;+3sf] ;dGjodf jGohGt'x?sf] kfng, k|hgg / Joj;foLs/0f ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

!@=#$ v]tLof]Uo afFemf] v]tjf/L tyf ;fd'bflos jf sa'lnotL jgdf cfod'ns s[lif jgafnL k|j4{g ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ . Jojl:yt jgaf6 pknAw x'g] jf Joj;flos pTkfbg ug]{ tfdf, 6';f, s'l/nf], Go'/f], sfkmn, s6';, cf]v/, t?nh:tf jghGo t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, sGbd'nx?sf] klxrfg, cg';Gwfg, k|j4{g / Joj;flos/0f ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

!@=#% ;+3sf] ;dGjodf s[lifjg, hl8a'6L v]tL, kof{ko{6g jf Joj;flos jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg ug{ rfxg] ;+3, ;:yf, ;d""x jf Joj;foLnfO{ lglZrt dfkb08 agfO{ kf/bzL{ / k|lt:kwf{Tds k|s[of cjnDjg u/L lglZrt cjlwsf nflu sa'lnot u/L x}l;ot lau|]sf] cltqmldt jf gfËf] jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!@=#^ k|rlnt ;+l3o sfg"gn] k|ltjGw nfu] afx]ssf jg:ktLsf] v]tL / jGohGt'sf] Joj;flos kfng ug]{ gLlt lnO{g]5 . pRr d"Nosf hl8a'6L tyf nK;L, ?b|fIf, af]lwlrQ, cu/p8, t]hkft, a]tjfF; h:tf d"Nojfg\ ?v la?jfsf] v]tL, jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBd :yfkgf Pj+ cn}FrL, skmL, kmnkm"n h:tf s[lifjg afnLsf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!@=#& jg sfa{g Jofkf/nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ /fli6«o /]8 /0fgLlt (RED strategy) cg'?k km/]i6«L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;xlhs/0f u/Lg]5 .

ª_ ;dGjo, ;'zf;g / Ifdtf clej[l4 !@=#* k|b]zsf] jg tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg / Joj;flos/0fsf nflu k|b]zsf k|d'v kfl/l:yltsLo

k|0ffnL, jg, jg:klt, hl8a'6Lsf If]qdf ljz]if1tf ;lxtsf] k|fljlws hgzlQm ljsf; / pkof]u ug{ of]hgf agfO{ nfu' ug]{ .

!@=#( ;+3 / :yfgLo tx;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/L /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tf k"/f ug{ ;lqmo /xg] Pj+ cGt/ k|b]z jg, hnfwf/ ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf ;dGjo ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

14

!@=$) k|b]zleq x'g] ef}lts ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{af6 hnjfo' / jftfj/0fnfO{ hf]ufO{ ljsf; / jftfj/0fjLr ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg cfjZos dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ cGt/ If]q tyf lgsfo ;dGjosf nflu pko'Qm ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; / pkof]u ug]{ .

!@=$! jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nflu hgr]tgf clej[l4, Ifdtf ljsf;, cg';Gwfg, ;"rgf / ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L, e/kbf]{ / ljZj;gLo t'Nofpg] .

!@=$@ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;a} vfn] jgsf] lbuf] / j}1flgs Joj:yfkg ug{ ;d'bfosf] ;anLs/0f, ;zlQms/0f, ;+u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0f, Ifdtf clej[l4 / nfesf] ;dGoflos ljt/0f ug]{ k4ltsf] ljsf; ub}{ nfg] .

!@=$# /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, s]Gb|Lo jg cg';Gwfg tyf k|rf/k|;f/ s]Gb|, k|fl1s Pj+ z}lIfs ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df jg cg';Gwfg, k|ljlw ljsf; / x:tfGt/0f, k|fljlwsx?sf] bIftf clej[l4 / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;Lk ljsf; ub}{ nfg] .

!@=$$ jg If]qnfO{ ;'zf;go'Qm, ;dfj]zL, ;jn / Joj;flos agfpFb} nfg] . jg tyf hnfwf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ dlxnf, ckfË, ljkGg tyf jg;|f]t ;Dkbfdf cfl>t ;d'bfo / kl/jf/x?sf] lxtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .

!@=$% jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg, hnfwf/sf] Plss[t Joj:yfkg / ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{ ;d'bfo, jg k|fljlws, pBdL, Joj;foL, jg lgud / hl8a'6L ljsf; / ahf/Ls/0f ;+oGq nufotsf lgsfox?sf] ;anLs/0f, Ifdtf clej[l4, ;+u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{, jg If]qnfO{ kf/bzL{ ;dfj]zL, k|lt:kwf{Tds / ;'zf;g o'Qm agfpb} nfg] .

!#= sfo{gLlt!#=! k|b]zleqsf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg;|f]t ;Dkbf, h}ljs ljljwtf, l;d;f/, r/gIf]q / hnfwf/sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .

!#=@ jgIf]q, hnfwf/If]q, l;d;f/ / h}ljs ljljwtf If]qsf] jlu{s/0f / k|fyldlss/0f u/L sfo{of]hgf agfO{ lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] .

!#=# k|b]zleqsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgn] :yfgLo / k|b]zsf] dfunfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy k"lt{ u/L a9L x'g] jg k}bfjf/ cGo k|b]zdf lalqmljt/0f ug]{ .!#=$ k|b]zleqsf jg l8lehg, ;a l8lehg / e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{nox?nfO{ jg tyf hnfwf/sf] bLuf] Pj+ j}1flgs Joj:yfkg, ;b'kof]u, pTkfbg ljljlws/0f / Joj;foLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{df s]lGb|s[t ug]{ .

!#=% jg ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ ;|f]t, ;fwg tyf k|ljlw ;DkGg t'NofO{ kl/rfng ug]{ .

!#=^ jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+sng, laqmL ljt/0f Psåf/ k|0ffnL dfkm{t ug{ k|b]z cfk"lt{ ;ldlt :yfkgf u/L ;~rfngdf Nofpg] .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

15

!#=* /fli6«o jg, ;fd'bflos jg, ;fem]bf/L jg, rSnf jg, sa'lnotL jg k}bfjf/ ;/n / ;'ne d"Nodf pknAw u/fpg ;+sng / laqmL ljt/0f sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] .

!#=( zx/L jg, lghL jg, s[lif jg, ;8s, gx/ vf]nf lsgf/fdf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L xl/ofnL k|j4{g ub}{ jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg / jftfj/0fLo ;'wf/ ug]{ . o:tf lqmofsnfkdf pTk|]/0ff hufpg sfo{l{jlw agfO{ cg'bfg, ;'ne C0f, afnL ljdf, k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!#=!) k|b]zdf dfgj jGohGt' bG4 Joj:yfkg ug{ bG4 Go"gLs/0fsf j}slNks pkfosf] vf]hL / cjnDjg ug]{ . jGohGt'n] k'¥ofpg] hgwgsf] Iflt jfkt sfo{ljlw agfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg] .

!#=!! k|b]zleqsf ;+j]bgzLn hnfwf/, kfgLsf ;|f]t / l;d;f/, tfntn}ofsf] klxrfg, k|fyldsLs/0f / lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . ;'Svf If]qdf kfgLsf >f]tx?sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfkg u/L pkof]u ug{ Ps ufFp, Ps kf]v/Lsf] of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

!#=!@ cltqmldt jgIf]q vfnL u/fO{ k'gM jg sfod ug]{ .

!#=!# zx/LIf]qdf pBfg lgdf{0f tyf ;8s, gbL, gx/, /]Nj] lsgf/fdf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L x'sf{pg] .

!#=!$ ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] jg bzssf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .

!#=!% ;+efJotf x]/L ;+/lIft jg, ;+/If0f If]q tyf ;+s6fkGg, b'n{e jg:klt / jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f of]hgf jgfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

!#=!^ :yfgLo txx?n] ef}lts lgdf{0f ;'wf/ ubf{ lagf of]hgf / jftfj/0fLo cWoog s'g} klg If]qdf 8f]h/ k|of]u u/L vghf]t ug{ gkfO{g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . !#=!& sf7, kf]n, kmlg{r/, ‰ofn, 9f]sf, Kofgn jf]8{ h:tf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] tof/L k"j{ l;hlgË ug]{, pkrf/ -treatment_ ug]{ nufotsf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBd :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{, hl8a'6L v]tL k|j4{g / k|zf]wg ug]{, jGohGt' kfng k|hgg / pkof]u ug]{, s[lif jg ljsf; ug]{,

pRr d"Nosf ?v jg:kltsf] v]tL ug]{nfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u jf]6lj?jf, oGq pks/0f Joj:yfkg / ;b'kof]udf cg'bfgÙ ;'ne C0f / ladfsf] Joj:yf ug{ sfo{ljlw jgfO{ nfu' ug]{ .

!#=!* ljsf; lgdf{0fnfO{ jg, hnfwf/, jftfj/0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{gd}qL agfO{ lbuf]ljsf;sf] nIo xfl;n ug{ cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo / cg'udg ug{ jgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf jg If]q ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

!#=!( jg tyf hnfwf/ If]q Joj:yfkg ubf{ hnjfo' cg's"ng x'g] u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ . jg sfa{g ;~ro / Jofkf/ a9fpg dGqfnodf 5'§} OsfO{ (Cell) sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

16

!#=@) hl8a'6L v]tLsf] lj:tf/, pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ pkef]Qmf ;d'x, ;xsf/L, pBf]uL, Joj;foL ;d]tsf] ;femf ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{ .

!#=@! hnfwf/ If]qdf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo / :yfgLo txsf] ;dGjodf sfo{qmd th{'df, sfo{Gjog / d"Nof+sg ug{] pko'Qm k4ltsf] klxrfg / ljsf; u/L nfu" ug]{ . !#=@@ jg tyf hnfwf/ If]qsf] tYofÍ, cWoog, cg';Gwfg, l;sfO{, glthf cflbnfO{ ;a}sf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg] u/L OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t PsLs[t jg tyf hnfwf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug]{ .

!#=@# ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L jg 89]nf], af9L, klx/f] nufotsf hf]lvdsf] k"j{;"rgf lbg ;~rf/ If]q / :yfgLo tx;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L k|efjsf/Ltf a9fpg] .

!#=@$ k|b]zsf] jg, hnfwf/, h}ljs ljljwtf / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]nfO{ ;Ddfg / k'/:s[t ug]{ .

!$= gLlt sfof{Gjog Joj:yfkg !$=! gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfg'g, lgb]{lzsf, /0fgLlt, sfo{qmd, dfu{bz{g lgdf{0f ug]{ .

!$=@ ;+3 / :yfgLo txaLr cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!$=# ;d'bfo / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] lhDd]jf/L, clwsf/ / st{JonfO{ ;fk]lIft ?kdf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .

!$=$ gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ dfu{lgb]{z ug{ k|b]z jg dGqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;dGjo ;ldlt agfpg ;lsg]5 .

!% cfly{s kIf!%=! gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos ah]6sf] ljlgof]hg u/Lg] 5 .

!%=@ gLlt sfof{Gjosf nflu ;+3sf] ;dGjodf cGo bft[ lgsfox?af6 ;d]t ;xof]u lng ;lsg] 5 .

!%=# gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DalGwt\ ;+3, ;+:yf, ;d'bfo / ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xof]u kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

!^= cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg !^=! gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf / k|efjsfl/tfsf] lgoldt cg'udg / d"NofÍgsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .

!^=@ k|To]s @÷@ jif{df gLltsf] :jtGq d"NofÍg u/Lg]5 .

!&= hf]lvd !&=! k|fb]lzs P]g sfg"g th{'df l9nf ePdf sfof{Gjogsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf hf]lvd /xg] 5 .

!&=@ pko'Qm ;+:yfut ;+/rgf, bIf hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf / ljQLo ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf x'g g;s]df hf]lvd /xg ;Sb5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

17

!*= afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} jfwf c8\sfp k/]df jf ;d:of pTkGg ePdf k|b]z pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] cfjZos lg0f{o lng ;Sg]5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

18

k|b]z cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g–@)&%

k|:tfjgf k|b]zleq nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L pknAw dfgjLo, ljQLo, k|fs[lts tyf ef}lts;|f]tsf] lbuf] pkof]uaf6 cf}Bf]lus ljsf; / pBdzLntfdf cfwfl/t pTkfbgzLn, k|lt:kwL{ / lbuf]k|fb]lzs cy{tGq lgdf{0f ug{ tyf k|fb]lzs cfly{s ;Da[l4sf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n], u08sL k|b]zsf] k|b]z ;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b– Ps M k|f/lDes

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æk|b]z cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] P]g u08sL k|b]ze/ t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,

-s_ æpBf]uÆ eGgfn] bkmf !% adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;Demg' k5{ .-v_ æpBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfoÆ eGgfn] k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno dftxtsf]

pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfno ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] pBf]u btf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] lgsfonfO{ ;d]t hgfp“5 .

-u_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhdsf] sfdsf nflu tf]s]sf] sfof{no ;Demg'k5{ .-3_ æn3' pBf]uÆ eGgfn] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ .-ª_ æ3/]n' pBf]uÆ eGgfn] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ .-r_ æ;fgf pBf]uÆ eGgfn] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ .-5_ ædemf}nf pBf]uÆ eGgfn] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ .-h_ æ7"nf pBf]uÆ eGgfn] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ .-em_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf

tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg'k5{ .-`_ ælgof{td"ns pBf]uÆ eGgfn] cfÏgf] pTkfbgsf] slDtdf ;f7L k|ltzt lgof{t ug]{ pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ .

-6_ æaf}l4s ;DklQÆ eGgfn] k]6]G6, l8hfOg, 6«]8dfs{, ;]jf dfs{, ef}uf]lns ;+s]t lrGx, Jofkfl/s uf]kgLotf nufot ;f]–;“u ;DalGwt cGo af}l4s ;DklQ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] k|rlnt sfg"gn] k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ?kdf kl/eflkt u/]sf] ljkonfO{ ;d]t hgfp“5 .

-7_ æk|b]zÆ eGgfn] u08sL k|b]z ;Demg'k5{ . -8_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] k|b]z l:yt pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg'k5{ .\ -9_ ælgb]{zgfnoÆ eGgfn] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGt/ut /x]sf] pBf]u,

jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfno ;Demg'k5{ .-0f_ æl:y/ k"“hLÆ eGgfn] bkmf !^ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ ;Demg'k5{ .-t_ æk|fb]lzs pBf]uÆ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhs k|b]zleq btf{ ePsf] pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ . o; zAbn] ;+3Lo sfg"g cg';f/ k|b]zsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg{ hfg] cGo pBf]unfO{ ;d]t ;Demg'k5{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

19

-y_ æk|fb]lzs k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]uÆ eGgfn] bkmf !& adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;Demg'k5{ .-b_ æcf}BF]lus k|j4{g ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf @# adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;ldlt ;Demg'k5{ .-w_ æ?U0f pBf]uÆ eGgfn] cfÏgf Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De u/]sf] ldltb]lv Go"gtd

kf“r jk{ ;~rfngdf /lx lgotjz jf Joj:yfksLo sdhf]/Lsf sf/0fn] geO{ sfj' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L nuftf/ kl5Nnf tLg jif{;Dd pBf]usf] hl8t IfdtfeGbf tL; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf sd Ifdtfdf ;~rfng eO{ ;f] tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf nuftf/ 3f6fdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] pBf]unfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

kl/R5]b – b'O{ M pBf]u btf{ tyf lgodg ;DaGwL Joj:yf

#= pBf]u btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ -!_ s;}n] o; P]g adf]lhd btf{ gu/fO{ pBf]usf] :yfkgf jf ;~rfng ug{ jf u/fpg x'“b}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'“bfsf jvt g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf / xfn k|fb]lzs If]qflwsf/ leq kg]{ pBf]u o; P]g adf]lhd :jtM btf{ ePsf] dflgg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf pBf]un] o; P]g nfu" ePsf] ldltn] gJj] lbgleq k|b]zsf] pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfodf clen]vLs/0f u/L cBfjlws ug'{kg]{5 . -$_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;+3 jf :yfgLo txdf ljlwjt btf{ ePsf pBf]ux?nfO{ bf]xf]/f] btf{ ug'{ gkg]{ k|aGw ldnfpg]5 . o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu :yfgLo tx / ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf lgsfodf btf{ ePsf pBf]ux?sf] ljj/0f dfu ug{ jfwf kg]{ 5}g .$= pBf]u btf{ ug{ lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ -!_ o; P]g jdf]lhd pBf]u btf{ ug{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f / sfuhft ;lxt tf]lsPsf] 9f“rfdf pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo ;dIf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .%= pBf]u btf{sf] k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{ -!_ bkmf $ jdf]lhd pBf]u btf{sf nflu k/]sf] lgj]bg hf“ra'em ubf{ cfjZos ljj/0f tyf sfuhft k"/f ePsf] / of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] b]lvPdf lgj]bg k/]sf] & lbgleq pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] lgj]bgdf dfu eP adf]lhdsf] pBf]u btf{ u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf lgj]bsnfO{ pBf]u btf{sf] k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg hf“ra'em ubf{ yk ljj/0f jf sfuhft dfUg'kg]{ b]lvPdf pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] ;DalGwt lgj]bsnfO{ To:tf] yk ljj/0f jf sfuhft k]z ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhd pBf]u btf{sf] k|df0fkq lb“bf cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf ljj/0fx? ;d]t To:tf] k|df0fkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{5M– s_ pBf]u btf{sf] k|df0fkq hf/L ePsf] ldlt, v_ pBf]usf] pTkfbg Ifdtf, u_ pBf]un] Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug'{kg]{ cjlw, 3_ pBf]usf] k|s[lt cg';f/ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf zt{x? .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

20

-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] pBf]un] pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf btf{ k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt zt{x?sf] kfngf ug'{kg]{5 . -%_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] pBf]u :yfkgf ubf{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df ug'{kg]{5 .

^= jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/sf] lg/fs/0f ug'{kg{] -!_ pBf]u btf{ u/]kl5 pBf]u ;~rfng ug'{k"j{ jftfj/0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'gn] lglb{i6 u/] adf]lhd jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] sfo{ k"/f ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ pBf]u ;~rfngsf qmddf jftfj/0fdf k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] k|lts"n jftfj/0fLo c;/sf] lg/fs/0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt pBf]usf] x'g]5 . jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0faf6 ;f] pBf]u jftfj/0f ;DaGwL sfg"g tyf jftfj/0f dfkb08 ljk/Lt b]lvPdf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] pBf]unfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .&= Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg{] -!_ dGqfnon] pBf]usf] k|s[lt / nufgLsf] cfsf/sf cfwf/df pBf]u :yfkgf eO{ Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug{sf nflu nfUg] cjlw ;DaGwdf cfjZos dfkb08 tof/ u/L hf/L ug]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dfkb08 tof/ ePsf pBf]usf xsdf To:tf] pBf]un] dfkb08df tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq pBf]usf], Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De u/L ;f]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfonfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] dfkb08df ;dfj]z gePsf pBf]ux?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt pBf]u;“u sfo{of]hgf lnO{ sfo{of]hgf / pBf]usf] k|s[lt x]/L pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] To:tf] pBf]u btf{ k|df0f–kqdf Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug'{kg]{ cjlw tf]sL lbg ;Sg]5 . -$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lgwf{l/t cjlwleq Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug{ g;s]df ;DalGwt pBf]un] ;f]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ Dofb yksf nflu pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo ;dIf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] lgj]bg pk/ sf/jfxL ubf{ cfwf/ / sf/0f cf}lrTok"0f{ ePdf pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] dgfl;j Dofb yk u/Llbg' kg]{5 .

*= ljB'tLo dfWodsf] k|of]u -!_ pBf]usf] btf{, k|zf;g, lgodg, lgb]{zg tyf :jLs[lt ;DaGwL lgj]bg nufot cGo sfuhftx? ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;d]t cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ ljB'tLo :j?kdf pBf]un] pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo jf sfof{no ;dIf k]z u/]sf ;a} k|sf/sf sfuhft tyf pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo jf sfof{non] pBf]unfO{ k7fPsf sfuhftnfO{ ;'/lIft ?kdf ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdf ;d]t /fVg] bfloTj pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo jf sfof{nosf] x'g]5 .(= cg'udg ug]{ -!_ pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo jf sfof{non] pBf]un] kfngf ug'{kg]{ dfkb08 tyf pBf]u btf{ k|df0fkqdf pNn]lvt zt{sf] kfngf u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf pBf]usf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{5 . -@_ pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo jf sfof{non] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cg'udgsf] l;nl;nfdf ;DalGwt pBf]uaf6 s'g} hfgsf/L jf ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

21

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} hfgsf/L jf ljj/0f dfu u/]df To:tf] hfgsf/L jf ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt pBf]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L jf ljj/0faf6 To:tf] pBf]u ;~rfngdf s'g} lsl;dsf] ;d:of ePsf] b]lvPdf ;DalGwt pBf]u;“u k/fdz{ u/L pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo jf sfof{non] To:tf] pBf]unfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .!)= pBf]u :yfgfGt/0fsf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ -!_ k|b]zsf] s'g} Ps 7fp“df ;~rfng ug]{ u/L btf{ ePsf] pBf]u s'g} sf/0fn] k|b]zleq jf aflx/ :yfgfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ ePdf To:tf pBf]un] ;f]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . t/ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ pBf]un] eg] To:tf] sfg"g cg';f/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg ;DkGg u/]kl5 dfq pBf]usf] :yfgfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] pBf]u :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] ;f] clen]v u/L cBfjlws ug'{kg]{5 . -#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf #$ jdf]lhdsf] pBf]u :yfgfGt/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .!!= ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ -!_ k|To]s pBf]un] Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De u/]kl5 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k]z ug'{ ljj/0f tf]lsP adf]lhd ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;d]t k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .!@= pBf]u aGb u/]df hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{

o; P]g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] pBf]u pBf]uLn] s'g} sf/0fn] aGb u/]df jf pBf]usf] Joj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ :yug u/]df To;/L aGb jf :yug u/]sf] ldltn] kG„ lbgleq To;sf] hfgsf/L pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfonfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .

!#= pBf]usf] btf{ vf/]hsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ s'g} pBf]u lnlSj8]zg ePdf, bfdf;fxLdf k/]df jf btf{ vf/]h ug'{ kg]{ ePdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;DalGwt pBf]u jf lnlSj8]6/n] ;f]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfonfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .!$= btf{ lgodg k|lqmof lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{] pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] ;]jf k|jfxdf Ps?ktf tyf k|lqmofut kf/lz{tf sfod ug{ pBf]u btf{ k|lqmofdf nfUg] ;do, nfut, lg0f{odf ;+nUg x'g] tx tyf ;]jfu|fxLn] k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;DaGwL dfkb08 tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

22

kl/R5]b – tLg M pBf]usf] juL{s/0f tyf l:y/ k'FhL ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!%= pBf]usf] juL{s/0f -!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+3Lo sfg'gsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L pBf]ux?nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd juL{s/0f u/LPsf] 5M .s_ n3' pBdM b]xfosf] cj:yf ePsf] pBf]unfO{ n3' pBd dflgg]5M– != 3/ hUuf jfx]s j9Ldf kf“rnfv ?k}of“;Ddsf] l:y/ k"“hL ePsf] pBf]u @= pBdL :jo+d pBf]usf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg /x]sf], #= pBdL ;lxt a9Ldf gf} hgf;Dd sfdbf/ /x]sf], $= jflif{s sf/f]af/ krf; nfv ?k}of“ eGbf sd /x]sf] / %= OlGhg, pks/0f jf d]l;gsf] k|of]u u/]sf] ePdf OlGhg, pks/0f, jf d]l;gdf vkt x'g] ljB'tLo pmhf{, OGwg jf cGo t]n OlGhg Ifdtf jL; lsnf]af6 jf ;f]eGbf sd /x]sf] .t/ o; pkv08df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'gn] tf]s] adf]lhd :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ pBf]unfO{ n3' pBd dflgg] 5}g .v_ 3/]n' pBf]uM b]xfosf] cj:yf ePsf] pBf]unfO{ 3/]n' pBf]u dflgg]5M

!= k/Dk/fut ;Lk / k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t,@= >dd"ns / vf; ;Lk jf :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{ Pj+ :yfgLo k|ljlw, snf tyf ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t,#= OlGhg, pks/0f jf d]l;gsf] k|of]u u/]sf] ePdf a9Ldf bz lsnf]jf6;Ddsf] Ifdtfsf] ljB'tLo pmhf{ k|of]u u/]sf] /$= cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DalGw k|rlnt sfg'gn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf pBf]ux? .

u_ ;fgf pBf]uM n3' pBd / 3/]n' pBf]u afx]s bz s/f]8 ?k}of“;Ddsf] l:y/ k"“hL ePsf] pBf]u,3_ demf}nf pBf]uM bz s/f]8 ?k}of“eGbf a9L kRrL; s/f]8 ?k}of“;Dd l:y/ k"“hL ePsf] pBf]u .ª_ 7"nf pBf]uM kRrL; s/f]8 ?k}of“eGbf a9L l:y/ k"“hL ePsf] pBf]u . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvP eP tfklg ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'dlt lng'kg]{ h'g;'s} k|sf/sf pBf]ux?sf] btf{, k|zf;g tyf lgodg nufotsf sfo{ ;+3Lo sfg'g cg';f/ g} x'g]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]lvt pBf]unfO{ To:tf pBf]uaf6 pTkfbg x'g] j:t' jf ;]jfsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df b]xfo jdf]lhd juL{s/0f u/Lg]5M

-s_ pmhf{d"ns pBf]uM pmhf{ pTkfbg ug]{ Joj;fodf ;+nUg cg';"rL–! df plNnlvt pBf]ux? .-v_ pTkfbgd"ns pBf]uM sRrf kbfy{, ;xfos sRrf kbfy{ jf cw{ k|zf]lwt sRrf kbfy{sf] k|of]u jf k|zf]wg u/L dfnj:t' pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]ux? .-u_ s[lif tyf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]uM s[lif jf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t sRrf kbfy{af6 s'g j:t' pTkfbg ug]{ jf s[lif jf jg k}bfjf/;“u ;DalGwt cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt pBf]ux? .-3_ vlgh pBf]uM k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s] cg';f/sf] k|fb]lzs If]qflwsf/leqsf vlgh pTvgg\ jf k|zf]wg u/L s'g} wft' jf wft' afx]ssf vlgh kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]ux? .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

23

-ª_ lgdf{0f pBf]uM ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/L ;~rfng ug]{ cg';"rL–# df pNn]v u/LPsf pBf]ux? .-r_ ko{6g pBf]uM k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s] cg';f/sf] k|fb]lzs If]qflwsf/leqsf ko{6g ;]jf;“u ;DalGwt cg';"rL–$ df plNnlvt pBf]ux? .-5_ ;"rgf, k|;f/0f tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t pBf]uMk|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s] cg';f/sf] k|fb]lzs If]qflwsf/leqsf ;"rgf ;Íng, k|zf]wg / k|;f/0fsf nflu k|ljlw k|of]u u/L ;"rgf, ;~rf/ jf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] cg';"rL–% df plNnlvt pBf]ux? .-h_ ;]jfd"ns pBf]uM k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s] cg';f/sf] k|fb]lzs If]qflwsf/leqsf ;]jf pTkfbg jf k|bfg ug]{ cg';"rL–^ df plNnlvt pBf]ux? . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] s'g} pBf]un] cfÏgf] p2]Zo kl/jt{g jf x]/km]/ ug{ rfx]df pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo ;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf pBf]u btf{ ug{] lgsfon] To:tf] pBf]usf] p2]Zo kl/jt{g jf x]/km]/sf] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 . -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd pBf]usf] p2]Zo kl/jt{g jf x]/km]/ ePdf To:tf] pBf]u k"“hL, Ifdtf jf p2]Zo kl/jt{g jf x]/km]/ eO{ sfod eP cg';f/ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] h'g ju{df kg]{ xf] ;f]xL ju{df juL{s[t ePsf] dflgg]5 .!^= pBf]usf] l:y/ k"FhLM -!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu pBf]usf] l:y/ k"“hLsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ b]xfosf] ;DklQnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL d"NofÍg u/Lg]5M– -s_ hldg tyf hldgd'lg -c08/u|fp08_, cGtl/If, hn jf hnd'lg lgdf{0f ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgf, -v_ hldgdfly lgdf{0f ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgf -h:t}M 9n lgsf;, cfGtl/s ;8s, vfg kfgLsf ;+/rgf, kfgL cfk"lt{ ug{] k|0ffnL_, -u_ pBf]usf] sfof{no, sf/vfgf, ejg jf uf]bfd 3/, -3_ sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/sf nflu lgdf{0f ePsf] cfjf; ejg, -ª_ ljB't cfk"lt{ tyf ;f];“u ;DalGwt pks/0f / k|0ffnL, -r_ d]l;g/L, pks/0f, cf}hf/ tyf ltgsf hu]8f kf6{k"hf{, -5_ kl/jxgsf ;fwg, -h_ sfof{nosf k"“hLut ;fdu|L tyf pks/0f, -em_ lkmS:r/ tyf kmlg{r/, -`_ ;~rf/ ;fdu|L tyf ;f];“u ;DalGwt pks/0f / k|0ffnL . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;DklQsf cltl/Qm pBf]u :yfkgf x'g'eGbf cl3 jf lgdf{0fsf ljleGg r/0fdf ePsf] b]xfosf vr{nfO{ klg pBf]usf] l:y/ k"“hLsf] ?kdf d"NofÍg u/Lg]5 M– -s_ k"“hLs[t u/Lg] k|fljlws tyf ;'kl/j]If0f vr{, -v_ k"j{ nufgL tyf k"j{ ;~rfng vr{, -u_ k"“hLs[t x'g] Jofh vr{ .!&= k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u -!_ o; P]gsf] cg';"rL–& df plNnlvt pBf]ux?nfO{ k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u dflgg]5 . -@_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cg';"rL–& df cfjZostfg';f/ x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

24

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+3Lo cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gdf pNn]v ePsf] /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u k|b]zsf] klg k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b – rf/ M pBf]unfO{ k|bfg u/Lg] ;x'lnot ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!*= /fli6«os/0f gu/Lg] o; P]g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] s'g} klg pBf]u /fli6«os/0f u/Lg] 5}g .!(= yk ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot -!_ pBf]unfO{ k|bfg u/Lg] yk ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]lvt ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnotsf cnfjf o; P]gsf] kl/lwleq /xL, ;+3Lojf k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus If]q jf :yfgLo tx cGtu{tsf cf}Bf]lus u|fddf :yfkgf x'g] pBf]unfO k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L yk ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .@)= hUuf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf pBf]usf nflu cfjZos hUuf ;DalGwt pBdLn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfkm}n] vl/b ug{ jf lnhdf lng ;Sg]5 . pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] hUuf vl/b ug]{ jf lnhdf pknAw u/fOlbg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .@!= cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yfM k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf pBf]usf] nflu k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;'/Iff pknAw u/fpg]5 .@@= 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnotsf] b'?kof]u ug{ gx'g]M o; P]g adf]lhd pBf]un] k|fKt ug]{, 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot h'g k|of]hgsf nflu lbOPsf] xf] ;f]xL k|of]hgsf nflu dfq k|of]u ug'{kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b – kfFr M cf}Bf]lus k|a4{g ;ldlt ;DaGwL Joj:yf@#= cf}Bf]lus k|a4{g ;ldltsf] u7g -!_ pBf]usf] :yfkgf, nufgL clej[l4, k|j4{g, ;+/If0f / lj:tf/ u/L cf}Bf]lusLs/0fnfO{ tLj|tf lbg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos gLltut lg0f{o ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g ;ldlt /xg] 5M– -s_ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL cWoIf -v_ k|d'v ;lrj, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o -u_ ;b:o, gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]u, u08sL k|b]z -pBf]u x]g]{_ ;b:o -3_ ;lrj, cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno ;b:o -ª_ ;lrj, e"ld Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno ;b:o -r_ ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;b:o -5_ k|d'v, g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] k|b]z:t/sf] sfof{no ;b:o -h_ cWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o -em_ cWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o -`_ cWoIf, g]kfn 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

25

-6_ cWoIf, dlxnf pBdL dxf;+3, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o -7_ pBf]u If]qsf lj1x? dWo]af6 sDtLdf Ps hgf dlxnf pBdL ;lxt u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/af6 dgf]lgt b'O{ hgf ;b:o -8_ dxfzfvf k|d'v, cf}Bf]lus tyf ko{6g k|j4{g dxfzfvf, ;b:o–;lrj pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, u08sL k|b]z -@_ ;ldltn] cfjZos b]v]df ljifo;“u ;DalGwt ljz]if1 jf cGo JolQmnfO{ ;ldltsf] j}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfnodf /xg]5 . -$_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . -%_ ;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{ox? tyf ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfdx?sf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] clen]v ;lrjfno cBfjlws ug'{kg]{5 . -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] sfdx?sf] ljj/0f dfl;s ?kdf ;lrjfnon] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .@$= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ -!_ o; P]gdf plNnlvt cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf cltl/Qm ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5

-s_ cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g, nufgLsf] ;+/If0f, clej[l4 tyf cf}Bf]lusLs/0f ;DaGwL gLltut lg0f{osf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/ ;dIf ;Lkmfl/z ug]{,-v_ pBf]u ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjogdf s'g} afwf, c8\sfp jf låljwf pTkGg ePdf To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu ;dGjo tyf ;xhLs/0f ug]{,-u_ k|b]zsf] ;du| cf}Bf]lusLs/0f ;DaGwL gLltut, sfg'gL, ;+:yfut / k|lqmofut ;+/rgf Pj+ sfo{ k|0ffnLsf] lgoldt ;dLIff u/L To;df cfjZos ;'wf/ ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],-3_ cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0f lgoGq0f ;DaGwL gLltut lg0f{osf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/ ;dIf ;Lkmfl/z ug]{,-ª_ k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus ljsf; tyf pBdlzntf ljsf;sf] l:yltsf] ;du| d"NofÍg tyf ;ldIff u/L cfjZos sbd rfNg k|b]z ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj tyfl;kmfl/; ug]{,-r_ o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd pBf]un] kfpg] ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot pBf]ux?nfO{ lbnfpg s'g} sl7gfO{ cfOk/]df ;f]sf] lg/fs/0f ug{ ;xhLs/0f / ;dGjo ug]{,-5_ pBf]usf] :t/ / juL{s/0f tyf k|s[ltdf yk36 jf kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ ePdf k|b]z ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,-h_ cf}Bf]lus nufgL clej[l4 ug{ tyf k|f]T;fxg lbO{ cfjzostf cg';f/ cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|b]z ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; tyf ;'emfj k]z ug]{,-6_ ;fj}hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] k|efjsf/L, ;dGjofTds / ;fd~h:ok"0f{ ;xsfo{df k|lt:kwf{Tds cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ug]{,-7_ k|b]z:t/sf cf}Bf]lus If]q tyf ljz]if cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/ /xg] If]q l;kmfl/; ug]{,-8_ k|b]zdf cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] ultnfO{ tLj|tf lbg nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos ;dGjo ug]{,

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

26

-9_ ;xhLs/0f, ;ldIff tyf ;dGjo ;DaGwL cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . -@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pBf]u Joj;fodf k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} gLlt th'{df ubf{ jf To;df kl/jt{g ubf{ ;ldlt;“u k/fdz{ lng'kg]{5 .

@%= ;ldltsf] ;b:on] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf efu lng gx'g] -!_ ;ldltsf] j}7sdf lg0f{osf] nflu k]z x'g] s'g} sfo{;"rLsf] ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf] s'g} ;b:osf] lghL ;/f]sf/ jf :jfy{ /x] To:tf] sfo{;"rLsf ;DaGwdf x'g] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf lghn] efu lng x'“b}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf cfO{ k/]df ;DalGwt ;b:on] ;b:o–;lrj dfkm{t ;ldlt nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt x'g] u/L lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] lg0f{o :jtM jb/ x'g]5 .@^= uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg'kg]{ -!_ ;ldltsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf cfÏgf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'g} ;"rgf cgflws[t tj/n] cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ pknAw u/fpg jf s;}sf] nfe, lxt jf kmfObfsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ jf u/fpg x'“b}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt ;ldltsf] cWoIf, ;b:o, ;b:o–;lrj, j}7sdf cfdlGqt JolQm jf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} sfd u/]df lghn] kbLo cfr/0f kfngf gu/]sf] dflgg]5 .

kl/R5]b – 5 M Psn laGb' ;]jf s]Gb« ;DaGwL Joj:yf@&= PsnlaGb' ;]jfs]Gb«sf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng -!_ o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd lhNnfl:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u jf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltn] Psn ljGb' ;]jfsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5g\ . -@_ Psn laGb' ;]jf s]Gb«sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M -s_ o; P]g cGtu{t pBf]un] kfpg] 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot k|bfg ug]{ dGqfnodf l;kmfl/; u/L k7fpg] . -v_ k|rlnt k|fb]lzs sfg"gn] k|Tofof]hg u/]sf sfo{x? ug]{, -u_ pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljB't, kfgL, b"/;~rf/sf ;fwg, hUuf, ;8s h:tf k"jf{wf/ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf ;doj4 Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos lg0f{o u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] , -3_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .

kl/R5]b – ;ft M hl/jfgf / k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf@*= hl/jfgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!_ s;}n] o; P]g adf]lhd pBf]u btf{ u/fO{ jf gu/fO{ pBf]u :yfkgf jf ;~rfng u/] jf gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] tf]lsP adf]lhd cg'udg, 5fgljg jf lg/LIf0f ubf{ o; P]g adf]lhd pBf]u btf{ gu/fO{ pBf]u :yfkgf jf ;~rfng u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf pBf]u :yfkgf jf ;~rfng ug]{ JolQm tyf ;f];“u ;DalGwt ljj/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L sf/jfxLsf nflu lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg]{5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

27

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf dGqfnon] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd pBf]u btf{ u/fO{ ;~rfngdf Nofpg / ;f]sf] k|df0f k]z ug{ tL; lbgsf] ;do lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;dofjlw leq pBf]u btf{ gug]{ JolQmnfO{ dGqfnon] b]xfosf] sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg]5M– -s_ To:tf] JolQmn] :yfkgf jf ;~rfng u/]sf] pBf]u aGb ug{ cfb]z lbg], -v_ pBf]usf] :t/ olsg u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df n3'pBd :t/sf] eP bz xhf/ b]lv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd, 3/]n'' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] :t/ eP kRrL; xhf/ b]lv Ps nfv ?k}of“;Dd, demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]usf] :t/ eP Psnfvb]lv tLgnfv ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf ug]{ . -$_ bkmf !! adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq pknAw gu/fPdf pBf]u btf{ ug{ lgsfon] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] nflu b]xfosf pBf]unfO{ b]xfosf] hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5M– -s_ n3' pBdnfO{ kf“rxhf/ ?k}of“sf] b/n], -v_ 3/]n' pBf]unfO{ bz xhf/ ?k}of“sf] b/n], -u_ ;fgf pBf]unfO{ jL; xhf/ ?kf}of“sf] b/n], -3_ demf}nf pBf]unfO{ rfnL; xhf/ ?k}of“sf] b/n], -ª_ 7"nf pBf]unfO{ krxQ/ xhf/ ?k}of“sf] b/n] . -%_ bkmf @@ ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ pBf]unfO{ pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfosf] l;kmfl/;df dGqfnon] o; P]g adf]lhdsf] 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot glbg] jf To:tf] 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot k|fKt u/L;s]sf] eP k|fKt u/]sf] 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnotsf] /sd c;"n ug]{ jf ;f] a/fa/sf] /sd hl/jfgf ug]{ jf b'j} ;hfo ug]{, -^_ bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] ;do–;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf pBf]u btf{ k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt zt{x?sf] kfngf gu/]df b]xfosf] pBf]unfO{ dGqfnon] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5M– -s_ n3' pBdsf] xsdf kRrL; xhf/b]lv Ps nfv ?k}of“;Dd, -v_ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] xsdf b'O{ nfvb]lv kf“r nfv ?k}of“;Dd, -u_ demf}nf pBf]usf] xsdf kf“r nfvb]lv bz nfv ?k}of“;Dd jf -3_ 7"nf pBf]usf] xsdf kG„ nfvb]lv tL; nfv ?k}of“;Dd . -&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]hd hl/jfgf ubf{ ;d]t bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf pBf]u btf{ k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt zt{x?sf] kfngf gu/]df To:tf] pBf]unfO{ lglZrt cjlwsf nflu pBf]u ;~rfng aGb u/fpg cfb]z lbg] jf To:tf] pBf]usf] btf{ jf cg'dlt vf/]h ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . -*_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnLsf] cGo s'g} k|fjwfg pNn+3g u/]df n3' pBd eP kG„ xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u eP kG„ xhf/b]lv tL; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd, demf}nf pBf]u eP tL; xhf/b]lv krf; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd / 7"nf pBf]u eP krf; xhf/b]lv Ps nfv ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf ug]{ . -(_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{eGbf cl3 ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt pBf]u jf JolQmnfO{ cfÏgf] ;kmfO{ tyf ;j'b k]z ug{ kG„ lbgsf] ;do lbg'kg]{5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

28

@(= k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf bkmf @* adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ lrQ ga'em]df ;hfosf] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] k}tL; lbgleq To:tf] pBf]u jf JolQmn] ;DalGwt pRr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b – cf7 M ljljw#)= s/f/ u/L pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] -!_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] s'g} pBf]u jf sDkgL jf kmd{ jf k|lti7fgn] cfk;df s/f/ -sG6«ofS6_ jf pks/f/ -;j–sG6«ofS6_ u/L j:t' jf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} lgof{td"ns pBf]u jf lgof{t k|j4{g u[xsf] nflu tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] dfkb08 k"/f u/L s/f/ -sG6«ofS6 Dofg'ÏofSrl/Ë_ jf pks/f/ -;j–sG6«ofS6 Dofg'ÏofSrl/Ë_ sf cfwf/df lglZrt kl/df0fdf j:t' jf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg u/LlbPdf To:tf] pBf]u jf sDkgL jf kmd{ jf k|lti7fgnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 5'6, ;'ljwf / ;x'lnot pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .#!= Joj;flos ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/L demf}nf jf 7"nf pBf]un] jflif{s s'n d'gfkmfsf] sDtLdf Ps k|ltzt /sd Joj;flos ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ k|of]hgfy{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf nflu 5'6ofpg ;Sg]5 . ;f]

adf]lhd 5'6ofOPsf] /sd jflif{s of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd agfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf If]qdf vr{ ug'{kg]{5 .#@= cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/, cf}Bf]lus u|fd tyf cf}Bf]lus Sni6/ 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] nflu kof{Kt ;Defjgf / cj;/ pknAw /x]sf] k|b]zsf] s'g} efu jf :yfgnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf dfkb08sf] clwgdf /xL k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/, k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus u|fd tyf k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus Sni6/ 3f]if0ff u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .##= cfjf;Lo jf cGo ejg agfpg jf a:tL a;fpg g;lsg] -!_ of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 :yfkgf x'g] k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus If]q, k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus sf]l/8f]/, k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus u|fd tyf k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus Sni6/ k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] If]q / b'/Lleq s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cfjf;Lo jf cGo ejg agfpg jf j:tL a;fpg ;lsg] 5}g . To;}u/L k|rlnt sfg"gn] cfjf; If]q Pj+ ljz]if k|of]hgsf] nflu egL tf]lsPsf] If]qdf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ kfOg] 5}g . -@_ :yfgLo txn] e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf] cfwf/df cfÏgf] s'g} If]qnfO{ cf}Bf]lus If]q egL e"–juL{s/0f u/]df ;f]xL If]qdf dfq of] P]g cGtu{tsf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ ;]jf pBf]u jf k|fljlws b'li6sf]0fn] cnu /fVg' kg]{ vf; k|s[ltsf pBf]usf] xsdf :yfgLo txn] tf]s]sf cGo If]qdf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ afwf k'Ug] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t a:tL ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dfkb08sf] k|lts"n x'g] jf vfgL tyf e"–ue{ ljefun] e"–hf]lvdsf cfwf/df lgif]w u/]sf] If]qdf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .#$= ?U0f pBf]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ k|b]z

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

29

;/sf/n] ?U0f pBf]usf] ?kdf klxrfg u/L pBf]usf] k'g?Tyfg, k'glg{df{0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/, g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghLs/0f cjwf/0ff adf]lhd lghL If]qnfO{ ljqmL u/]sf pBf]ux?sf] xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu' x'g]5}g .#%= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg -!_ ;+3Lo cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL P]g jf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnL adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf] dftxt /xg] u/L 3f]if0ff ePsf] cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq :yfkgf x'g] pBf]usf] btf{, gjLs/0f tyf lgodg ;DaGwL clwsf/ k|fb]lzs /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt :yfgLo txnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnL adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] clwsf/ dWo] s'g} jf ;a} clwsf/x? k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfjZostf cg';f/ :yfgLo txsf pBf]u;“u ;DalGwt sfof{no jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf dftxtsf sfof{nonfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;DalGwt lgb]{zgfnonfO{ k|fKt ePsf] clwsf/dWo] ;a} jf s'g} clwsf/ cfjZostf cg';f/ s'g} sfof{no jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf /fhkqflÍt:t/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .#^= afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/M o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L To:tf] afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg ;Sg]5 .#&= cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ jf yk36 ug{ ;Sg]M k|b]z ;/sfn] k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cg';"rLdf cfjZostf cg';f/ x]/km]/,

yk36 jf kl/dfh{g ug{ ;Sg]5 .#*= o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g]M o; P]gdf pNn]v ePsf s'/fdf o;} P]g adf]lhd / o; P]gn] g;d]6]sf ljifodf k|rlnt

sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

#(= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ o; P]gnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .$)= lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw jf dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg] dGqfnon] pBf]usf] btf{, lgodg ;DaGwL sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ ;/n agfpg cfjZostf cg';f/ lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw jf dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .

cg';"rL – Ps M pmhf{d'ns pBf]u-bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -s_ ;Fu;DalGwt_

-!_ hn;|f]t, jfo', ;f}o{zlQm, Uof“;, jfof]df;, kmf]xf]/ / uf]a/ Uof“;af6 pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{ pBf]u, To:tf] phf{ pTkfbg ug{ k|of]u u/Lg] d]l;g÷pks/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ pBf]u, -@_ k|fb]lzs ljB't ljt/0f k|0ffnL, -#_ o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo pBf]ux? .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

30

cg';"rL –b'O{ M s[lif tyf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u

-bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -u_ ;Fu;DalGwt_

!_ kmnkm"n v]t jf kmnkm"n k|zf]wg

@_ vfBj:t' k|zf]wg

#_ kz'hGo tyf k+IfLhGo, kz'kfng k+IfLkfng -cli6«r ;d]t_ kz'k+IfL k|hgg / df; pTkfbg tyf

k|zf]wg

$_ b"w tyf b'UwhGo pBf]u

%_ dT:okfng, df5f k'/f pTkfbg k|zf]wg Pj+ Kofs]lhË

_ /]zd v]tL tyf /]zd k|zf]wg

&_ lrof jufg, lrof k|zf]wg

*_ skmL v]t, skmL k|zf]wg

(_ h'l8a''6L v]tL, hl8a'6L k|zf]wg

!)_ t/sf/L aLpm ljhg pTkfbg

!!_ t/sf/L v]tL t/sf/L k|zf]wg

!@_ xl/t u[x :yfkgf / ;~rfng

!#_ df}/Lkfng -df}/L k|hgg\, dx pTkfbg / k|zf]wg_

!$_ k'ik v]t, k'ik k|zf]wg -dfnf jgfpg], ;hfj6 ug{], u'R5f agfpg] / aLp ljhg pTkfg ;d]t_

!%_ g;{/L Joj;fo

!^_ /j/ v]tL, /a/sf] k|f/lDes k|zf]wg / ;~rfng

!&_ uLt e08f/, s[lif ahf/

!*_ gub]jfnLsf] Joj;flos v]tL tyf k|zf]wg -h:t}M pmv', skf;, ;gkf6, ;lhjg, :jL6 ;/3d,

:6]leof /]jf}l8Pg, ;'tL{, h'6, cn}+rL, cb'jf, s]z/, t]nxg / o:t} d;nfjfnL, bnxg cfbL_

!(_ j]t, afF; v]tL / j]t afF;hGo pTkfbgx?

@)_ jg:klt pBfg :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg

@!_ jg:klt k|hgg Joj;fo -l6:;' sNr/ ;d]t_

@@_ aLplahg k|zf]wg

@#_ u}/ sfi7hGo jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u

@$_ h}ljs k|ljlw ;DaGwL pBf]u

@%_ kmlg{r/ pBf]u

@^_ lghL s[lif jg pBf]u

@&_ o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo pBf]ux? .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

31

cg';"rL – tLg M lgdf{0f pBf]u

-bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -ª_ ;Fu;DalGwt_

!_ ;8s, k'n, ;'?Ë

@_ /f]kj], 6«fd, 6«ln a;, s]j'nsf/, df]gf]/]n / :nfO{l8Ë sf/

#_ cf}Bf]lus ;+/rgf Pj+ k"jf{wf/ sDKn]S;

$_ ;ef ;Dd]ng s]Gb|

%_ 9n tyf 9n lgsf;

_ vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ljt/0f

&_ l;FrfO k"jfwf/

*_ v]ns'b u[x, /Ëzfnf

(_ ;jf/L kfls{Ë :yn, kfls{Ë u[x

!)_ sfuf{] sDKn]S;

!!_ b"lkt kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|

!@_ 3/ tyf cfjf; ejg

!#_ lkmNd :6'l8of] lgdf{0f

!$_ Jofkfl/s sDkn]S;

!%_ PsLs[t cfjf;

!^_ :jLldË k'n

!&_ qm;/, O{§f / Ans pBf]u

!*_ o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo pBf]ux?

cg';'rL –rf/ M ko{6g pBf]u

-bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -r_ ;Fu;DalGwt_

!_ ko{6s cfjf;, df]6]n, xf]6]n, l/;f]6{ tyf /]i6'/]06

@_ 6«fen Ph]G;L, 6'/ ck/]6/, lxlnË ;]G6/, d;fh, :kf

#_ ;fxl;s ko{6gM l:sOË, UnfOl8Ë, jf6/{¥ofˆ6LË, x6 Po/ a]n'lgË, Sofgf]lgª, Kof/fUnfO{l8Ë,

3f]8r9L, aGhL hlDkË, uNkm sf];{, kf]nf], kf]gL 6«]lsË, kbofqf

$_ u|fdL0f ko{6g, xf]d:6] tyf kof{ko{6g

%_ ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s, ;ef ;Dd]ng tyf v]ns'b ko{6g

_ dgf]/Ghg kfs{

&_ 6«fen tyf 6«]lsË, ko{6sLo ufO8

*_ o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo pBf]ux?

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

32

cg';"rL – kfFr M ;"rgf, k|;f/0f tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t pBf]u-bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -^_ ;Fu;DalGwt_

v08 -s_;"rgf k|ljlw pBf]u

!_ 6]Sgf]nf]hL kfs{@_ cfO{=l6=kfs{#_ ;ˆ6j]o/ ljsf;$_ sDKo"6/ tyf ;DalGwt ;]jfx?%_ tYofÍ k|zf]wg^_ ;fOa/ Sofkm]&_ l8lh6n DoflkË*_ ljlhg]; k|f];]; cfp6;f]l;{Ë -lj=lk=cf]=_(_ o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo pBf]ux? .

v08 -v_;"rgf, k|;f/0f k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t pBf]u

!_ !)) jf6 jf ;f] ;Ddsf Pkm=Pd= /]l8of] ;]jf@_ /]sl8Ë :6'l8of], k|;f/0f :6'l8of]#_ lk|G6 ldl8of pBf]u cl8of] leh'cn ;fdu|L pTkfbg pBf]u lj1fkg lgdf{0f pBf]u$_ rnlrq lgdf{0f ljtf/0f / k|;f/0f ;DaGwL%_ l;g]df xn^_ s]jndf cfwfl/t 6]lnlehg&_ o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo pBf]ux?

cg';"rL –5 M ;]jfd'ns pBf]u-bkmf !% sf] pkbkm -#_ sf] v08 -h_ ;Fu;DalGwt\_

!_ oflGqs sfo{zfnf -js{zk_@_ 5fkfvfgf tyf 5kfO{ ;DaGwL ;]jf#_ k]zfut cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; Joj:yfkg O{lGhlgol/Ë tyf l8hfOg, sfg"gL, n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f, lzIf0f k|lzIf0f, z}lIfs tyf k|fljlws k/fdz{ ;]jfx?$_ k|bz{gL ;]jf%_ ;f+:s[lts tyf dgf]/GhgfTds Joj;fo^_ lgdf{0f Joj;fo&_ ;fj{hlgs oftfot Joj;fo*_ kmf]6f]u|fkmL(_ c:ktfn!)_ gl;{Ë!!_ lzIf0f Pj+ k|lzIf0f ;+:yf

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

33

!@_ k':tsfno, clen]vfno tyf ;+u|xfno ;]jf!#_ k|of]uzfnf!$_ v]ns"b ;]jf!%_ zLt e08f/ ;Ghfn -u}/ s[lifhGo_!^_ xfp; jfol/Ë On]S6 «Lsn lkml6Ë / dd{t!&_ kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng tyf ;/;kmfO{, kmf]x/d}nf k'gM k|zf]wg!*_ 3/ hUuf vl/b u/L e"ld ljsf; u/L ljqmL ug{] Joj;fo!(_ lgdf{0f ;DjGwL ef/L pk/s0f -x]eL OSjLkd]G6_ ef8f dd{t tyf ;Ghfn @)_ kz' lrlsT;f ;]jf@!_ Aof6«L l/rflh{Ë@@_ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f -PS;– /], l;6L :Sofg, Pd=cf/= cfO. cN6«f;fpG8 h:tf ;]jfx?_ tyf

:jf:Yo k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnf@#_ vfBGg s'6fgL, lk;fgL, k]nfgL / KoflsË ug{] sfo{

@$_ sk8f tyf wfuf] /ËfO{, ;fOlhË / sk8f 5kfO{ -sk8f a'Gg] pBf]un] cfˆgf] k|of]hgsf]

nflu u/]sf]df afx]s_

@%_ sfuf{] Joj;fo

@^_ Kofs]lhË, l/lkmlnË ;]jf -Pn=kL=hL= UofF; l/lkmlnË / ;jf/L UofF; l/lkmlnË ug{] :6]zg

;d]t_

@&_ s'l/o/ ;]jf

@*_ 8«fOlnSnlgË Joj;fo

@(_ Jo"6L kfn{/

#)_ cfGtl/s ;hfj6 -OG6]l/o/ 8]sf]/]zg_

#!_ ;'/Iff ;]jf k|bfg ug{] Joj;fo

#@_ k|sfzg ;]jf

##_ lj1fkg ;]jf

#$_ lj1fkg ;fdu|L tof/ ug{] ;]jf

#%_ 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f ug{ jgfOPsf sfo{qmd / 8s'd]G6«L 6]lnlkmNd pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f

#^_ :jfOn 6]li6Ë ;]jf

#&_ :jf:Yo -x]Ny_ Sna

#*_ kfgL 9'jfgL tyf ljt/0f ;]jf

#(_ h'nf]lhsn kfs{ ;~rfng

$)_ lhof]nf]lhsn kfs{ ;~rfng

$!_ Joj;fo ;Dab\wg ;]jf -lalhg]; OGSo"j];g ;le{;_

$@_ Jofkfl/s sDKn]S; ;Grfng

$#_ afof]6]s kfs{

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

34

$$_ l;g]df xn

$%_ dlN6Kn]S; lyo6/

$^_ l;nfO{ a'gfO{

$&_ 9'jfgL ;]jf

$*_ gS;f l8hfOg ;DaGwL ;]jf

$(_ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ;]jf

%)_ o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo pBf]ux?

cg';"rL –;ft M k|fb]lzs k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u-bkmf !& ;Fu;DalGwt\_

!_ phf{d"ns pBf]ux?@_ xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06#_ k"jf{wf/;lxtsf] ;fxl;s ko{6g, u|fdL0f ko{6g, kof{ko{6g, uNkm sf];{, kf]nf], kf]gL 6«]lsª, kbofqf ko{6g, jf6/ ¥oflˆ6ª, ;ef ;Dd]ng ko{6g, v]ns'b ko{6g, wfld{s ko{6g, ;fF:s[lts ko{6g, dgf]/Ghg kfs{ lgdf{0f tyf ;Grfng, jGohGt' cf/If0f$_ s[lif tyf jg k}bfj/df cfwfl/t pBf]u%_ lgof{td"ns pBf]u^_ lgdf{0f pBf]u&_ vlgh tyf vflgdf cfwfl/t pBf]u, k|fs[lts UofF; tyf OGwfg cGj]if0f tyf pTkfbg ug{] pBf]u*_ :jb]zL r'g9'Ëf k|of]u u/L lSnË/ tyf l;d]G6 pTkfbg ug{] pBf]u, kNk tyf sfuh, lrgL, /f;folgs dn -ld>0fafx]s_, k|fËfl/s dn, w"nf] b"w, cf}iflw pTkfbg, kmf]xf]/d}nf tyf v]/ uPsf] j:t'sf] k|zf]wg, OGwg art ug{] pks/0f pTkfbg ug{] pBf]u, k|b"if0f sd ug{]

pks/0f pTkfbg ug{] pBf]u / ckfËx?n] k|of]u ug{] ;fwg tyf pks/0f pTkfbg ug{ pBf]u, s[lif oGq pks/0f tyf cf}Bf]lus d]l;g/L agfpg] pBf]u, ljB'taf6 rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgx? pTkfbg ug{] pBf]u,(_ b'u{d tyf cljslzt{ If]qdf :yfkgf x'g] c:ktfn, gl;{ª xf]d, kz' c:ktfn Pj+ lrlsT;fno, :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ;]jf, :jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf, h}ljs cg';Gwfgzfnf / lzIf0f Pj+ k|lzIf0f ;+:yfx? .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

35

a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ ag]sf] P]g–@)&%

k|:tfjgfM ;fj{hlgs :yndf ePsf k|fs[lts, ;fF:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s, kof{j/0fLo ;+/If0f Pj+ k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf lx;fan] dxTjk'0f{ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ jfG5gLo ePsfn], u08sL k|b]zsf] k|b]z ;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b–Ps M k|f/lDes!= ;}lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æa/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f P]g], @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 . -#_ of] P]g u08sL k|b]z e/ nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf, -s_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] u08sL k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg' k5{ . -v_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg wf/f #)^ adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo tx ;Demg' k5{ . -u_ æa/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f]Æ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs jf lghL jf hg;'s} hUufdf /f]lkPsf] jf x's{]sf] k|fs[lts jf ;f+:s[lts dxTj ePsf a/, lkkn, ;ld, nfs'/L, sbd, cfFk cfbL h:tf ?v ;+/If0f ;Dj4{g ub}{ ;':tfpg], cf/fd ug{] ufpF jf 6f]nsf] e]nf ug{] p2]Zon] afgfPsf] rf}tf/f] ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] j/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] ;Fu ePsf s'jf, s'08, kf]v/L jf o:t} cGo k|s[lts jf ;fF:s[lts jf P]ltxfl;s dxTj ePsf] :yn ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -3_ æof]hgfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txsf] ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf k|fKt of] hgfsf] ?kdf :jLs[t ePsf] ;/sf/L of]hgf lglZrt ;dokl5 ;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f x'g] u/L lghL If]qaf6 jf ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf lgdf{0f ePsf] k"jf{wf/ ;DaGwL of]hgf jf ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] j:t' jf ;]jf ;DaGwL ;8s, vfg]kfgL, ljB't, vlgh h:tf k"jf{wf/;DaGwL of]hgf jf /fli6«o jf k|fb]lzs uf}/jsf of]hgfsf] ?kdf tf]s]sf of]hgf ;Demg' k5{ .

kl/R5]b–b'O{ M a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] btf{ / clen]v#= ;/sf/sf] ;Dklt x'g] -!_ ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf] h'g;'s} :yfgsf] a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;Dklt x'g]5 . -@_ cfkm\gf] If]q leqsf] ;a} a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f ug{] bfloTj :yfgLo txsf x'g]5 . -#_ ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf] lghL :jfldTjsf] a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f ug{ bfloTj :yfgLo tx / :jfldTjdf /xg]sf] x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

36

$= btf{ ug'{ kg{] -!_ :yfgLo txn] o; P]g adf]lhd cfkm\gf] If]qleqsf a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f]sf] btf{ lstfa agfO{ btf{ ug'{ kg{]5 . -@_ btf{ ubf{ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f]sf] P]ltxfl;stf kTtf nfu];Dd lgdf{0f ug{] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f]sf] ef}lts k|0ffnL adf]lhdsf cjl:ylt ;lxtsf] ljj/0f clen]v /fVg' kg{]5 . -#_ a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f];Fu} s'08, s'jf, kf]v/L, dfg], df}nf], b]p/fnL, dlGb/ jf s'g} P]ltxfl;s jf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf] :yn eP rf/lsNnf If]qkmn v'Ng] u/L ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg' kg{]5 . -$_ btf{ lstfasf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b –tLg M a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf %= ;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!+_ :yfgLo txn] k|fs[lts tyf P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] s'g} a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f]nfO{ ljufg{ jf x6fpg gkfpg] u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . -@_ :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] If]q leqsf a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f]sf] cj:yf x]/L x/]s jif{ k/LIf0f u/L sfF65fF6 jf dd{t jf j}1flgs Joj:yfkg jf cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 . -#_ :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] Ifqleq ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxdf afwf k'u]sf jf k'Ug ;Sg] b]lvPsf jf hf]lvdo'Qm cj:yfdf /x]sf a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f]sf] cfjZos sfF65fF6 tyf Joj:fkg ug'{ kg{]5 . -$_ :yfgLo txn] a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;Fu} ePsf s'jf, s'08, kf]v/Lsf] ;d]t kDk/fut z}nLdf ;+/If0f ug'{ kg{]5 . -%_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfkm\g} vr{df ;fj{hlgs hUufdf a/, lkkn, ;dL /f]Kg jf rf}tf/f] tyf kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug{ rfx]df :yfgLo txn] ;f]sf nfuL cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 . -^_ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] ;Fu} s'08, s'jf, kf]v/L, dfg], df}nf], b]p/fnL, dlGb/ jf s'g Pltxfl;s jf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf] ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ;f] ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .^= a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] gkg{] u/L ;DefAotf cWoog ug'{{kg{] -!_ of]hgf ;Fu ;DalGwt k|:tfjs jf cfof]hgfn] s'g} of]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ ;Dea eP;dd a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] gkg{] u/L ;DefJotf / ljsNkx?sf] cWoog ug'{ kg{]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cWoog ubf{ a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] x6fpg' kg{] ePdf clt cfjZos / Go"gtd a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] x6fpg' kg{] lasNksf] 5gf}6 ug'{ =kg{]5 .&= ljsNk geP dfq x6fpg ;lsg] -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] sf6\g', df:g' jf x6fpg' k"j{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cWoog tyf l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] ;Lkml/;sf] cfwf/df dfq ug'{ kg{]5 .

-s_ :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v jf cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] j8f cWoIf – ;+of]hs-v_ l8lehg jg clws[t jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t k|ltlglw – ;b:o

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

37

-u_ k|d'v–cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;DalGwt j8fsf] j8f cWoIf–;b:o – ;b:o-3_ ;DalGwt\ of]hgfsf] k|d'v – ;b:o-ª_ ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t – ;b:o ;lrj

-@_ cWoIf tyf l;kmfl/; ;ldltn] :ynut lg/LIf0f jf cWoog u/L k|:tfljt :yfgLo txsf] of]hgfdf s'g} s'/f kl/dfh{g ug'{kg{] ePdf ;f] Aoxf]/f v'nfO{ k'g{ljrf/sf nflu ;DalGwt cfof]udf k|:tfjsnfO{ n]vL k7fpg' kg{]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg /fli6«o tyf k|fb]lzs k|fyldstf k|fKt / /fli6«o tyf k|b]zsf uf}/jsf cfof]hgfdf ;DefJotf cWoog jf 8«O{Ë l8hfOg kl/jt{g ug{]u/L cWoog tyf l;kmfl/; u/Lg] 5}g . -$_ of]hgf sfo{Gjog ug{ a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] x6fpg :jLs[tL kfP kl5 cfof]hgfn pQm a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] cfkm\g} nfut vr{df x6fO{ a/, lkkn, ;ldsf] s6fg, d'5fg / 3f6u2L u/L ;DalGwt :yfgLo txnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{' kg{]5 . -%_ of]hgf sfo{Gjog ubf{ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] x6fpg'kg{] ePdf ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf cfofhfgn] :yfgLo txn] tfssf] :yfgdf a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] agfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txnfO{ x:tfgt/0f ug'{kg{]5 . -^_ d'gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] sfo{Gjog x'g] of]hgfsf] nfuL a/, lkkn, ;ld x6fpg' kg{ ePdf ;f] sf] kfFr u'0ffsf] b/n] gofF a/, lkkn, ;ld nufO{ kfFr jif{ ;+/If0f u/L x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg{]5 . -&_ :yfgLo txn] ;DalGwt cfof]hgf ;Fu a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] x6fpFbf kfngf ug'{kg{] zt{{x? ;d]t pnn]v u/L ;Demf}tf ug'{kg{]5 . -*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf ;Demf}tfsf Joj:yf ;DalGwt cfof]hgfn] clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{ kg{]5 . -(_ :yfgLo txn] ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udf ug{] jf u/fpg]5 . -!)_ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] x6fO{ gofF lgdf{0f u/] gu/]sf] laifodf dGqfnon] :yfgLo tx;Fu ;dGjo u/L cg'udg ug{ / ;'wf/sf nflu cfjZos ;'emfj lbg ;Sg]5 . -!!_ pkbkmf-!)_ adf]lhd lbPsf] ;'emfjsf] kfngf ug'{ To:tf] cfof]hgfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -!@_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt k"jf{wf lgdf{0fsf cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog ug{ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] x6fpg'kg{] ePdf cfof]hgfn] cfkm\g} vr{df x6fpg ;Sg]5 .*= pBfg lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] -!_ :yfgLo txn] a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f]sf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nflu ;f] :yfgdf pBfg lgdf{0f ug{ jf pBfg lgdf{0f u/L a/, lkkn, ;ld tyf kf]v/L ;lxtsf] rf}tf/f] sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ :yfgLo txn] pkbkmf-!_ cg';f/sf] pBfg lgdf{0f ug{sf nfuL OR5's s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ :yfgLo txn] o; bkmf adf]lhd :yfgLo pBfgdf ;j{;fw/0f ;a}n] k|j]z ug{ kfpg] u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

38

(= a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f ;ldlt -!_ k|To]s :yfgLo txdf a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] Joj:yf ldnfpg Ps a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f ;ldlt /xg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf-!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 . s_ :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v jf cWoIf – ;+of]hs v_ :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v jf cWoIfn] tf]s]sf Ps hgf dlxnf ;lxt b'Ohgf j8f cWoIf÷;b:o –;b:o u_ :yfgLo ;dfh;]jL af6Ps hgf dlxnf ;lxt b'O{ hgf – ;b:o 3_ :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t – ;b:o ;lrj -#_ ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} tof/ ug{]5 .

-$_ a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_ ;fj{hlgs p2]Zo jf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf cfof]hgfdf k|of]u ug{] afx]s JolQmut k|of]hgsf nflu ;fljs b]vL /lxcfPsf a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] df:g, gf:g laufg{ gkfOg], -v_ ;+/If0fsf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg], -u_ a/, lkkn, ;dL a'9f], k'/fgf] eP/ hf]lvdk'0f{ ePdf xfFuf sf6\g], ldnfpg] jf cGo Joj:yf ldnfpg], -3_ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f]sf] cf;k;sf If]qdf lgoldt ;/;kmfO{sf] k|aGw ldnfpg], -ª_ ;fj{hlgs :yndf a/, lkkn, ;dLsf] ?v /f]Kg jf rf}tf/f] agfpg k|j4{gfTds sfo{ ug{], -r_ ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf dGqfnonfO{ /fo, ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg], -5_ a/, lkkn, ;ld /f]Kg] tyf rf}tf/f] kf]v/L lgdf{0fdf dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ JolQmsf] gfd pNn]v u/L /fVg cg'dlt lbg], -h_ JolQm, ;+:yf jf cfof]hgf;Fu ;+/If0f ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;dGjo ug{], -em_ rf}tf/f] jf j[Ifsf] Pltxfl;stf / a}1flgs gfd ;lxsf] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug{], -`_ dGqfnon] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug{] .!)= a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] ;+/If0f sf]if -!_ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] tyf kf]v/Lsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu k|To]s :yfgLo txdf Ps ;+/If0f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd /xg]5 -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo txaf6 kf|Kt /sd, -v_ :jb]zL jf ljb]zL JolQm jf ;+3, ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sd, t/ ljb]zL JolQm jf ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 /sd k|fKt ug{sf] nflu k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cg'dlt lng'kg{]5 . -u_ a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f]af6 k|fKt cfDbfgL .-#_ sf]ifsf] /sd b]xfosf] sfdsf] nflu pkof]u u/Lg]5 M– -s_ a/, lkn, ;ld /f]Kg

-v_ rf}tf/f] lgdf{0f ug{

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

39

-u_ a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f] jl/kl/ s'jf, s'08, kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug{,-3_ hL0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] rf}tf/f] tyf s'jf, s'08, kf]v/L dd{t ;Def/ ug{ .-$_ sf]ifsf] /sd pkbkmf -#_ df pnn]v eP afx]s cGo sfddf pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

!!= hUuf :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] -!_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] a/, lkkn, ;dL /f]Kg jf rf}tf/f] tyf kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug{ cfkm\gf] xs, ef]usf] hUuf bfg ug{ jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] :yfgLo txnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf-!_ adf]lhd :yfgLo txdf k|fKt ePsf] hUuf :yfgLo txn] a/, lkkn, ;dL /f]Kg jf rf}tf/f] tyf kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug{] afx]s cGo k|of]hgsf nflu pkof]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

kl/R5]b–$ M laljw!@= b08 ;hfo M

-!_ o; P]g ljkl/tsf] sfd sf/jfxL ug{] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .

!#= ;"rgf tyf k|ltj]bg-!_ o; P]g adf]lhd btf{ u/LPsf a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] sf] cwfjlws ljj/0f cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq :yfgLo txn] dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg{]5 .-@_ dGqfnon] ;do ;dodf clws[t ;lxtsf] 6f]nL v6fO{ P; P]g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf a/, lkkn, ;dL / rf}tf/f]sf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug{ ;Sg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf-#_ adf]lhd vl6Psf] 6f]nLaf6 k|fKt k|lta]bgdf cf}FnfOPsf ;'emfjx? sfo{Gjog ug{ dGqfnon] :yfgLo txdf k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

!$= s/f/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M :yfgLo txn] a/, lkkn,;ld /f]Kg jf rf}tf/f], kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug{ jf a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f]sf] ;+/If0f ug{ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf ;+u s/f/ u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg]5 .!%= lgod agfpg] clwsf/L M of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfo{Gjog ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .

cg';'rL–!btf{ lstfasf] 9fFrf

-bkmf $ sf] pkbkm -$_ ;Fu;DalGwt\_a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] btf{ lstfa

btf{g+=

gfd 7]ufgf lsTtf g+=

a/, lkkn, ;ld / rf}tf/f] jlu{s/0f ;+s]t /f]k0f÷lgdf{0fstf{

;Dks

:yfkgf ldlt

s}lkmot

cfsf/ ;+s]t g+=

k|sf/ ;+s]tg+

;+:sf/ ;+s]t g+=

/f]k0f÷lgdf{0fstf{

;Dks{

! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !!

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

40

gf]6 M dxn ! M lhNnf, :yfgLo tx / j8f v'Ng] u/L btf{ g+= k|bfg ug{] dxn @ M rngrNtLsf] gfd pNn]v ug{] . cGo gfd eP ;f]sf] ;d]t pNn]v ug{] dxn # M lhNnf, :yfgLo tx, j8f g+= / 7fpFsf] gfd pnn]v ug{] . ;fy} ef}lts ;"rgf k|0ffnL cg';f/ cIff+z, b]zfGt/ / prfO{ -ld=_ pNn]v ug{] . dxn $ M ;DalGwt hUufsf] lsTtf g+= pNn]v ug{] . dxn % M cfsf/M s_ kf6f] != rf/s'g] rf}tf/L @= j[Ttfsf/ rf}tf/L #= cGo-pNn]v ug{]_ v_ k]6L != Ps k]6L @= b'O{ k]6L #= tLg k]6L $= cGo-pNn]v ug{]_ dxn ^ M s= a/, lkkn, ;ld, gf/]>/, nfs'/L, sbd, w'kLjf jf cfbL dfq ePsf] s= a/ / lkkn ePsf] v= a/, lkkn / ;dL jf a/, lkkn / gf/]>/ jf o:t} ePsf] u= j[If, rf}tf/L, kf]v/L / k}jf ePsf] 3= cGo-pnn]v ug{]_ dxn & M ;+:sf/ s= ;f+:s[lts p2]Zon]-sNk÷efsn_, v= ;fdflhs p2]Zon]-lj>fd÷srx/L_ u= s[lt :df/s Wo]on]-rf}tf/L, kf}jf / kf]v/L_ 3= cGo-pNn]v ug{]_ dxn * M/f]k0f÷lgdf{0f stf{M s= Psn kfl/jfl/s k|of;df, v= ;fdflhs k|of;df, u= /fhsLo k|of;df 3= cGo-pNn]v ug{]_

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

41

tfn ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; k|flws/0f;DaGwL P]g–@)&%

k|:tfjgf M u08sL k|b]zsf tfn tyf tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf lbuf]pkof]u u/L h}ljslaljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, jftfj/0fLo ;]jf, kof{–ko{6g k|j4{g tyf :yfgLo hgtfsf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf of]ubfg k'of{pgsf nflu clwsf/ ;DkGg tfn ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; k|flws/0fsf] :yfkgf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],u08sL k|b]zsf] k|b]z ;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd Ætfn ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; k|flws/0f P]g, @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of]P]g u08sL k|b]z e/ nfu" x'g]5 . -#_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|/De x'g]5 .@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfUg] o; P]gdf – -s_ æk|flws/0fÆ eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] tfn ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; k|flws/0f ;Demg' k5{ . -v_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf & adf]lhd u7g ePsf] sfo{sf/L ;ldlt ;Deg' k5{ -u_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] ;ldlt sf] cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ . -3_ æpkfWoIfÆ eGgfn] bkmf & jdf]lhd pkfWoIf ;Demg' k5{ . -ª_ æsfo{sf/L k|d'vÆ eGgfn] bkmf !$ jdf]lhd sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;Demg' k5{ . -r_ æ;b:o Æ eggfn] eGgfn] ;ldlt sf] ;b:o ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAb ;ldltsf] cWoIf, pkfWoIf, tyf ;b:o–;lrj ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg] 5 . -5_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg, tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg' k5{ . -h_ ætfnÆ eGgfn] rf/}lt/af6 hldgn] 3]l/Psf] If]qdf hDdf ePsf] kfgL ;f] kfgLn]

cf]u6]sf] If]q jf rf/lsNnf leqsf] ;Dk"0f{ hldgnfO{ hgfpFb5 . ;f] zAbn] kf]v/L, hnf;fo, s'08 bx ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-em_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g / o; cGt{ut tag]sf] lgod / ljlgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' kb{5 .

#= k|fljlws/0f :yfkgf M -!_ u08sL k|b]zdf Ps tfn ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; k|flws/0f :yfkgf x'g]5 . -@_ k|flws/0fsf] sfof{no u08sL k|b]zsf] sfof{no kf]v/fdf /xg]5 .$= k|flws/0f ;+ul7t ;+:yf x'g] M -!_ k|flws/0f cljlR5Gg pTt/flwsf/jfnf Ps :jzflzt{ / ;+ul7t ;+:yf x'g]5 . -@_ k|flws/0fsf] sfd sf/jflxsf nfuL cfkm\gf] 5'6\6} 5fk x'g]5 . -#_ k|flws/0fn] JolQm ;/x rn crn ;DktL k|fKt ug{, pkef]u ug{ jf cGo lsl;dn] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ k|flws/0fn] crn ;DktL a]rlavg ug'{ k/]df k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/sf] k'j{ :jLs[tL lng'kb{5 . -%_ k|flws/0fn] JolQm ;/x cfkm\gf] gfdaf6 gfln;, ph'/L ug{ / k|flws/0f pk/ klg ;f]xL gfdaf6 gfln;, ph'/ nfUg ;Sg]5 .

%= k|flws/0fsf] p2]Zo M k|flws/0fsf] p2]Zo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

42

-s_ k|b]zdf cjl:yt tfn / tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f, k'g{:yfkg / k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg u/L h}ljs laljwtf / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{], -v_ tfn If]qsf] gSzfÍg ug{], cltqmd0f x6fpg] tyf /f]Sg], -u_ tfnhGo ;|f]tx?sf] lbuf] tyf j'l4dTtfk"0f{ pkof]u u/L To:tf ;|f]tdf cfl>t ;d'bfosf] ;d[l4df 6]jf k'of{pg], -3_ tfn If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg, kof{ko{6g tyf hnko{6g k|j4{g Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] 1fg / Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{], -ª_ tfn If]qsf] ;+/If0f gj lgdf{0f / lbuf] pkof]u ;DaGwL lglt lgdf{0f / tT;DaGwL of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'of{pg] .^= k|flws/0fsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ -!_ k|flws/0fsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_ :yfgLo /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o dxTjsf tfn If]qx?sf] klxrfg ub{} kof{j/0fLo, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, cfly{s tyf ko{6sLo dxTjsf cfwf/df k|fyldlss/0f u/L To:tf If]qx?sf] ;+/If0f, k'g{:yfkg ug{], -v_ tfn If]qsf] cltqmd0f x6fO{ tfn If]q k'g{:yfkg ug{], -u_ tfnn] cf]u6]sf] If]q tyf tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu dfkb08 tof/ u/L nfu" ug{] / ;f] ;DaGwL pTkGg ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{], -3_ cfjZostfsf cfwf/df tfn kof{j/0fsf] ;+/If0f ug{] / 3/]n' tyf cf}Bf]lus k|b'if0faf6 ltgsf] ;+/If0f ug{], -ª_ /}yfg] lhjhGt' tyf jg:kltx?sf k|hftLnfO{ lj:yflkt jf ljgf; ug{] jf Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{] 7fpFdf l56f] lj:tf/x'g] afx\o ldrfxf k|hftL / cGo xflgsf/s lhjf0f'x?sf] k|efjsf/L lgoGq0f ug{], -r_ ef}lts ;"rgf k|0ffnL –lhof]u|flkmsn OGkm/d];g l;:6d_ df jftfj/0fLo of]hgf / tfn If]qsf] gS;fÍg ug{], -5_ cNksflng, dWosflng tyf lb3{sflng cfjlws of]hgf agfO{ sfo{Gjog ug{] u/fpg], -h_ tfnsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgsf sfo{x? P]lss[t ?kdf ;~rfng ug{] u/fpg], -em_ tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]qdf ;~rfng e}/x]sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?sf] lgoldt cg'udg u/L tfn k'l/g / dfl;gaf6 hf]ufpg], -`_ tfn tyf tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]qsf] kof{j/0fLo k|efjsf] cWoog ug{], -6_ tfnsf] kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ lgodg / ;'wf/ ug{], -7_ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0fn] tfn If]qdf kg{] c;/ ;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/L c;/ Go"lgs/0f / cg's'ngsf nflu cfjZos sfd ug{], -8_ tfnsf] kfgLnfO{ lkpg] kfgL , kof{ko{6g tyf hnko{6g ljsf; , Joj;flos dT:o kfng, l;+rfO, hnljB't, cWoog, cg';Gwfg, hn oftfoft, hn dgf]/~hg / cGo k|of]hgsf nlu k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbg], -9_ tfn tyf tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt hn tyf e"–pkof]u of]hgf lgdf{0f, ;+/If0f, ;b'kof]u tyf Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'of{pg /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o bft[ lgsfo,

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

43

ljZjlaBfno;Fu ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo u/L cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{], -0f_ tfn If]qdf /x]sf jf cfuGt's lhjhGt' / jg:kltsf k|hftLsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;Da4 lgsfox?aLr ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg, ;fem]bf/L / ;dGjo ug{], t/ cGt/fli6«o lgsfo ;Fu ;xsfo{ ubf{ k|b]z ;/sf/sf] cg'dlt lng'kg{] . -@_ k|flws/0fn] tfn ;+/If0f;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfox?;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo ug'{kg{5 .&= sfo{sf/L ;ldlt -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd k|lws/0fnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] k|of]u / kfngf ug{ u/fpg Ps sfo{sf/L ;ldlt /xg]5 . -@_ sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-s_ dGqL, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cWoIf

-v_ Uf08sL k|b]z leq /x]sf :yfgLo txsf k|d'vx? dWo]af6 k|b]z ;/sf/n]dgf]lgt u/]sf] Ps hgf

pkfWoIf

-u_ ;lrj d'VodGqL tyf dlGqkl/;bsf] sfof{no ;b:o

-3_ ;lrj pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj.0f dGqfno ;b:o

-ª_ ;lrj, cfGtl/s dfldnf tyf sfg"g dGqfno ;b:o

-r_ ;lrj, ef}lts k'jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqfno ;b:o

-5_ ;lrj, cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno ;b:o

-h_ k|d'v, g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] ;DalGwt dxfzfvf ;b:o-em_ lgb{]zs, jg lgb{]zgfno, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o

-`_ Tffn If]qdf cfl>t eO{ lhljsf]kfh{g ug{] ;d'bfo jf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw sDtLdf Ps hgf dlxnf ;lxt b'O{hgf k|b]z ;/sf/af6 dgf]lgt

;b:o

-6_ jg–jftfj/0f, e" tyf hnfwf/ / ko{6gsf ljifo lj1 slDtdf Ps dlxnf ;lxt tLg hgf k|b]z ;/sf/af6 dgf]lgt

;b:o

-7_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v, k|flws/0f ;b:o;lrj

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -`_ / -6_ adf]lhdsf ;b:osf] kbfjlw b'O{ aif{sf] x'g]5 . -$_ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v / s'g} laifo lj1 jf kbflwsf/Lsf] cfjZostf k/]sf cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .*= ;ldltsf] a}7s != ;ldltsf] a}7s cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ldlt ;do / :yfgdf a:g]5 . @= ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+:yfsf] sDtLdf %! k|ltzt ;b:o pkl:ylt ePdf ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] nflu u0fk'/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg] 5 . #= ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ;b:o–;lrjåf/f k|dfl0ft u/Lg]5 . $= ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

44

(= pk–;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] != ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ pk ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . @= pk ;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo clwsf/ sfo{If]q tyf sfo{ljlw ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .!)= :yfgLo tfn ;+/If0f ;ldlt M != cfjZostf cg';f/ :yfgLo txdf tfn If]qsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf] nflu :yfgLo tfn ;+/If0f ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg] 5 . @= pkbkmf ! adf]lhd ;ldltsf] u7g sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .!! k|flws/0fsf] sf]if != k|flws/0fsf] 5'6\6} sf]if x'g]5 . @= k|flws/0fsf] sf]ifdf bxfosf /sdx? /xg] 5g . -s_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd -v_ ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd -u_ cGo ;|f]t af6 k|fKt /sd #= ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx?af6 cg'bfg jf C0f lnbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 . $= k|flws/0fnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} /sd k|b]z leqsf] s'g} a}sdf vftf vf]nL hDdf u/Lg]5 . %= k|flw/0f 4f/f ug'{ kg]{ ;a} vr{x? pkbkmf ! adf]lhdsf] sf]if af6 Joxf]l/g]5 . ^= tfn ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; k|flws/0f sf]ifsf] ;+~rfng tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .!@= n]vf / n]vf k/LIf0f != k|flws/0fsf] cfo Joosf] n]vf k|b]z ;/sf/n] ckgfosf] n]vf k|0ffnL adf]lhd /xg]5 . @= k|flws/0fsf] n]vf k/LIf0f, dxfn]vf k/LIf0f jf dxfn]vf k/LIfs af6 cg'dlt k|fKt /lhi6«/ cl86/af6 x'g]5 .!#= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgf ;ldltn] o; P]g adf]lhd cfk'mnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ dWo] ;a} jf s'g} clwsf/ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} ;b:o jf clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .!$= sfo{sf/L k|d'v != k|flws/0fsf] b}lgs k|zf;g ;~rfng / k|flws/0fsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ k|flws/0fdf Ps sfo{sf/L k|d'v /xg]5 . @= sfo{sf/L k|d'v k|flws/0fdf k'/f ;do sfd ug]{ k|d'v k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L x'g]5 lghsf] kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwf k|b]z ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . #= b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] g]kfnL gfu/Ls sfo{sf/L k|d'v kbdf k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5 M– s_ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;:yf af6 jg jf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg jf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg, k|fl0f zf:q, ag:ktL zf:q jf jftfj/0f ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ u/L ;DalGwt\ If]qdf sDtLdf !) aif{sf] cg'ej ePsf] jf ;f]xL laifodf ljBfjfl/wL pkflw xfl;n u/L ;DalGwt\ Ifq df sDtLdf % aif{sf] cg'ej ePsf] . -v_ krkGg aif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf] . $= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQmsf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf d'VodGqL tyf dGqL kl/ifb\sf] sfo{nosf ;lrj / pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf ;lrj ;b:o /x]sf] Ps 5gf}6 ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{5

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

45

/ To:tf] ;ldltn] k|ltikwf{sf] cfwf/df tf]ls adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'QmLsf nflu tLg hgf JolQmsf] gfd k|b]z ;/sf/df l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . %= pkbkmf $ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; ePsf JolQmx? dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] sfo{sf/L k|d'v kbdf lgo'Qm ug]{5 . ^= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbfjlw $ aif{sf] x'g]5 / lgh csf]{ ! cjlwsf nflu k'g lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 . &= b]xfosf cj:yfdf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 . s= lghn] cfkm\gf] kbjf6 k|flws/0f ;dIf /flhgfdf lbPdf, v= lghsf] d[To' ePdf, u= lghsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] :t/ ;Gtf]ifhgs geO{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] x6fPdf, 3= lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf *= pkbkmf & sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/n] sfo{sf/L k|d'vnfO{ lghsf] kbaf6 x6fpg' cl3 ;kmfO{sf] plrt df}sf lbg'kg]{5 .!%= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ != sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 . s= k|flws/0fsf] a}7sdf k]z u/Lg] k|:tfjx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{ v= k|flws/0fdf k|fKt ePsf k|:tfjx?sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L d"Nofª\sg ;lxt k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ug] . u= k|flws/0f af6 ePsf lg0f{o tyf lgb]{zg sfo{Gjog ug]{, 3= k|flws/0f tyf sfo{nosf] jflif{s ah]6 / sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{ / :jLs[ltsf nflu k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ug]{, ª= k|flws/0faf6 sfof{Gjogsf nflu :jLs[t kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg, ;dLIff, d"Nofª\sg ug]{ jf u/fpg] . @= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] cGo sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .!^= k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/L M k|flws/0fsf] sfo{ ;+~rfngsf] lgldQ cfjZos sd{rf/L k|b]z ;/sf/n Joj:yf ug]{5 .!&= k|ltj]bg k]; ug'{kg]{ M k|flws/0fn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|To]s cfly{s aif{ ;dfKt ePsf] b'O{ dlxgfleq k|b]z ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .!*= o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]gdf pNn]v ePsf s'/fdf o;} P]g jdf]lhd / P]gn] g;d]6]sf ljifodf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .!(= lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|flws/0fnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf kfngf ug'{ k|flws/0fsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .@)= k|b]z ;/sf/;+u ;Dks{ M k|flws/0fn] k|b]z ;/sf/ ;+u ;Dks{ /fVbf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno dfkm{t /fVg'kg]{5 .@!= k|flws/0fsf] lj36g != s'g} dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0faf6 k|flws/0fnfO{ vf/]h ug]{u/L k|b]z ;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/]df k|flws/0f la36g x'g]5 . @= pkbkmf ! adf]lhd k|flws/0f lj36g ePdf k|flws/0fsf] ;a} ;DklQ xs / bfloTj k|b]z ;/sf/df ;g]{5 .@@= lgod, ljlgod / sfo{ljlw agfpg] clwsf/ != o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos lgodx? agfpg ;Sg]5 . @= o; P]g / o; P]g cGt{ut ag]sf] lgodsf] clwgdf /xL k|flws/0fn] cfjZos ljlgod / sfo{ljlw agfpg ;Sg]5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

46

pBf]u btf{ k'FhLut ;Ldf, af}l4s ;DklQ / cg'dlt lng'kg]{pBf]usf] IEE÷EIA ug]{ k|lqmof tyf dfu{bz{g

!= e"ldsfpBf]u ljefusf] r=g= @$@ ldlt @)&%.^.!* sf] kq;fy g]kfn ;/sf/ pBf]u afl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{

dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&%.^.!@ r=g= &!^ sf] kqfg';f/ ;f] dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&%.^.( sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;lrj:t/ lg0f{o adf]lhdn ;fljs 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefun] ;Dkfbg u/LPsf sfo{x? cab]lv k|b]z:t/Lo pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno jf cGtu{tsf] pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t ug{ u/fpg egL hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] . o;/L ;fljs 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefun] ug'{kg{ sfo{x?dWo] pBf]u k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{x? klg kg]{ / pBf]u k|zf;g sfo{df pBdLx?n] ug]{ pBf]u btf{, gjLs/0f, 7fFp;f/L, gfd;f/L, vf/]hL, k" FhLa[l4 nufotsf sfo{x? kb{5g\ . ;f] sfd cGtu{t cg'dlt lng'kg]{ sltko pBf]ux?sf] xsdf cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)&# sf] bkmf %-@_ cg';f/ pBf]u btf{ u/L;s] kl5 lgodfg';f/ k|f/lDes jftj/0fsf] k/LIf0f -InitialEnviromental Examinatoin – IEE _ tyf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg -Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA_ ug'{kg{]cj:yf /xG5 . ;fy} ;f]xL P]gsf] sf] bkmf !% cg';f/ pBf]unfO{ n3', 3/]n', ;fgf, demf}nf / 7"nf pBf]u u/L % k|sf/df juL{s/0f u/LP adf]lhd n3' pBf]usf] pBf]u k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ / ;fgf pBf]usf] xsdf ?= % s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL sfod ePsf pBf]usf] pBf]u k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ pBfu jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?af6 ;Dkfbg x' Fb } cfPsf] 5 eg] demf}nf / 7"nf pBf]usf] pBf ]u k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ tyf af }l4s ;DkltdWo] k]6 ]06, l8hfOg tyf 6]«8dfs{ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{ xfn;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ pBf]u ljefudfkm{t ;Dkfbg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;/L dfly pNn]lvt sfo{x?dWo] ;a} k|sf/sf pBf]usf] pBf]u k|zf;g sfo{ / af}l4s ;DklQdWo] k]6]06, l8hfOg tyf 6]«8dfs{ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL tyf IEE/ EIA ug'{kg]{ pBf]usf] xsdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ pko'Qm b]lvPsf]n] o; k|b]zsf] ;f] ;DawL k|b]z P]g÷lgodfjnL cfP kl5 ;f]xL cg';f/ x'g] u/L xfnnfO{ of] dfu{bz{g tof/ u/LPsf] 5 . @= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df,

!= æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ;Demg'k5{ . h'g zAbn] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt ;d]tnfO{ a'emfpF5 .

@= ælgb]{zgfnoÆ eGgfn] pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfno ;Demg'k5{ .#= ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] pBf]u, ko{6g, ag tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg'k5{ .$= ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ -;+zf]wg ;d]t_ nfO{ ;Demg'k5{

.%= ''IEE'' eGgfn] Initial Environmental Examination -k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f_ ;Demg'k5{ .^= ''EIA'' eGgfn] Enviromental Impact Assessment -jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg_ ;Demg'k5{ .&= ''IEE :jLs[t tyf EIA If]q lgwf{/0f tyf sfo{;"rL k|ltj]bg tof/L ;ldltÆ eGgfn] o;}

dfu{bz{gsf] a'bfF g+= *-!_ cg';f/ ul7t ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .*= ''IEE :jLs[t l;kmfl/; ;ldltÆ eGgfn] o;} dfu{bz{gsf] a'bfF g+= *-@_ cg';f/ ul7t ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

47

#= n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] pBf]u k|zf;g / k'FhLut ;Ldf ;DaGwdf M n3' tyf 3/]n' pBf]usf] pBf]]u k|zf;g ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? / ;fgf pBf]usf] xsdf % s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd l:y/ k"FhL sfod ePsf pBf]ux?sf] pBf]u k|zf;g ;DaGwL tf]lsPsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? sfof{nonfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ . ;f] eGbf dfly * s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd l:y/ k"FhL sfod ePsf ;fgf pBf]usf] xsdf sfof{non] pBf]u btf{ ug'{ cl3 lgb]{zgfnosf] / * s/f]8eGbf dfly ?= !) s/f]8;Dd dGqfnosf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ . $= demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]usf] pBf]u k|zf;g tyf af}l4s ;DklQ -k]6]06, l8hfOg tyf 6]«8dfs{_;+/If0f ;DaGwdf demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]usf] pBf]u k|zf;g tyf af}l4s ;Dklt -k]6]06, l8hfOg tyf 6]«8dfs{_ ;+/If0f btf{ ;DaGwdf lgb]{zgfnon] dGqfno jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] :jLs[ltdf 5'§} sfo{ljlw agfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg]5 . %= IEE / EIA :jLs[t ug]{ lgsfo IEE /EIA :jLs[t ug]{ ;DaGwdf tTsflng pBf]u dGqfnosf] k=;= jftf –÷)%%÷%^÷!)@ r=g= #^*! ldlt )%%.!@.@( sf] kqfg';f/ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ -;+zf]wg;d]t_ sf] lgod%@-!_ df ePsf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd ldlt )%%.!@.@^ sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGq:t/Lo lg0f{onfO{ cfwf/ dfgL IEE :jLs[t ug]{ lgsfo lgb]{zgfno / EIA :jLs[t ug]{ lgsfo dGqfnosf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno x'g]5 .^= IEE u/fpg' kg]{ pBf]usf] IEE k|lta]bg tof/ ug]{ tyf :jLs[t ug]{ k|s[of IEE ug'{kg]{ pBf]ux?sf] xsdf lgodfjnLsf] cg';'rL ! df plNnlvt k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug'{ cl3 lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL % df pNn]lvt 9fFrfdf tof/ u/L lgod % adf]lhd sfo{;"rL (TOR) :jLs[t u/fO{ ;f] sfo{;"rLsf] cfwf/df ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod & adf]lhd k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf IEE ug'{kg]{ k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf k|:tfjsn] k|:tfj sfof{Gjog x'g] ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt jf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ k|:tfjsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjsf] ;DaGwdf kGw| lbg leq lnlvt /fo ;'emfj lbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx jf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no, ljBfno, c:ktfn / :jf:Yo s]Gb«df ;"rgf 6fF; u/L d'r'Nsf tof/ ug]{5 /;f]xL adf]lhdsf] kGw| lbg] ;"rgf k|b]z jf /fli6«o:t/sf] s'g} Ps b}lgs ;dfrf/ kqdf ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg{] / ;f] ;"rgf k|sfzg eP kl5 ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g} /fo ;'emfj k|fKt x'g cfPdf ;f] /fo ;'emfj;d]tnfO{ k|ltj]bgdf ;dfa]z u/L jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL % adf]lhdsf s'/fx?;d]t v'nfO{ IEE k|lta]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod !) adf]lhd k|ltj]bgsf] !% k|lt / ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/; ;d]t ;+nUg u/L pQm k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf nflu pBf]usf] l:sd, ævÆ kmf/d, ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf, gfu/Lstfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk cflb ;d]t ;+nUg u/L sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{ o;/L k|fKt k|lta]bg dfly sfof{non] cfˆgf] /fo ;lxt o;} dfu{bz{gsf] a'bfF g+= *=@ adf]lhd IEE :jLs[ltsf nflu ul7t IEE l;kmfl/; ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{ / ;f] ;ldltn] cfjZos b]v] k|:tfj sfof{Gjog x'g]If]qsf] :ynut cWoog ÷ lg/LIf0f ;d]t u/L :jLs[t lbg dgfl;a b]lvP :jLs[tLsf] nflu lgb]{zgfnodf l;kmfl/; ;lxt k7fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt ePsf] IEE k|ltj]bgnfO{ lgb]{zgfnon] o;} dfu{ lgb]{zgsf] a'bfF g= *=! adf]lhd ul7t ;ldlt ;dGjo k]z u/L lgodfjnLsf] lgod !! sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[tL k|bfg u/Lg] 5 . t/, :jLs[t lbg gldNg] eP lbg gldNg] cfwf/ / sf/0f;d]t b]vfO{ ;DalGwt pBdL÷k|:tfjsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] . xfn IEE ÷ EIA ug'{ kg]{ t/ ;fljsdf gkg]{ pBf]usf] Ifdtf a[l4,

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

48

p2]Zo yk, 7fFp;f/L ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfof{nosf] /fo ;lxt lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{ / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] cg';"rL ! sf] -cf_ sf] -v_ cg';f/sf d]lzg ,cf}hf/ pks/0fdf ? !) nfveGbf a9L -sDkgLsf] d"Nodf_ nufgL x'g]] pBf]usf] xsdf IEE ug'{kg]{ 5 . ;fljsdf btf{ ePsf pBf]ux?sf] d]lzg, cf}hf/, pks/0fdf ?= !) nfv gf3\g] u/L kF'hL a[l4, Ifdtf a'l4, 7fFp;f/L, p2]Zo yk ug'{kg]{ ePdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnLsf] lgod &-@_ k|s[of cg';f/ IEE ug'{kg]{ .t/, ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL ! sf] v08 -c_, -O_, -p_, -pm_ -P_, -P_],-cf], -cf}_ df plNnlvt k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf lgb]{zgfnoaf6 IEE k|lta]bg :jLs[t e} cfP kl5 dfq tT;DaGwL k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .&= EIA u/fpg' kg]{ pBf]usf] EIA k|lta]bg tof/ ug]{ tyf :jLs[t ug]{ k|s[of EIA ug['{ kg]{ lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL @ df plNnlvt pBf]u btf{ / k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug'{ cl3 k|:tfjsn] lgodfjnLsf] lgod $ adf]lhd If]q lgwf{/0f -:sf]lkË_ :jLs[ltsf] nflu !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df If]q lgwf{/0fsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ / ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod % adf]lhd cg';"rL $ df pNn]lvt 9fFrfdf tof/ u/L sfo{;"rL :jLs[t u/fO{ ;f] :jLs[t sfo{;"rLsf] cfwf/df ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod & adf]lhd ;"rgf 6fF; u/L d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ / ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] !% lbg] ;"rgf k|b]z jf /fli6«o :t/sf] s'g} Ps b}lgs ;dfrf/ kqdf ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;"rgf k|sflzt eP kl5 s'g} /fo ;'emfj k|fKt ePdf ;f] ;d]tnfO{ k|lta]bgdf ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{ / k|:tfj sfof{Gjog x'g] :yfgLo txdf Ps k6s k|:tfjsf af/]df ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] cfof]hgf u/L /fo ;\'emfj ;+sng ug'{kg]{ / ;f] k|fKt /fo ;'emfj / lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL ^ adf]lhdsf s'/fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ EIA k|lta]bgdf ;dfa]z ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 . o;/L k|lta]bg tof/ eP kl5 ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod !) adf]lhd k|lta]bgsf] !% k|lt / ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/; ;d]t ;+nUg u/L pQm k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf nflu sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg{]sfof{non] k|fKt k|lta]bgnfO{ cfjZos k/] cWoog / lg/LIf0f u/L lgb] {zgfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . lgb]{zgfnon] ;f] k|ltj]bg IEE :jLs[t ug]{ / EIA ;DaGwdf If]q lgwf{/0f tyf sfo{;"rL k|lta]bg tof/ u/L dGqfno ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] k|lta]bg dfly dGqfnon]] cfjZos k/] cWoog lg/LIf0f ;d]t u/L cfˆgf] /fo ;lxt EIA :jLs[tLsf nflu ;+3Lo jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt ePsf] k|lta]bgdf ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod !) adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ k|fKt k|:tfjnfO{ dGqfnon] cfjZos b]lvPdf cWoog tyf :ynut lg/LIf0f;d]t u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;+3Lo jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{ / jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t k|fKt ePkl5 EIA k|:tfj sfof{Gjogdf cfpg]5 . *= IEE :jLs[t tyf EIA If]q lgwf{/0f (Scoping), sfo{;"rL (TOR) k|lta]bg tof/L ;ldlt, IEE :jLs[t tyf EIA l;kmfl/; ;ldlt M– b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] 5g\ .!= IEE :jLs[t tyf EIA If]q lgwf{/0f (Scoping), sfo{;"rL (TOR)k|lta]bg tof/L ;ldlt M != lgb]{zs, lgb]{zgfno – ;+of]hs @= k|ltlglw, jftfj/0f zfvf, dGqfno – ;b:o #= k|fljlws zfvf clws[t -tx ^÷&_, lgb]{zgfno – ;b:o $= k|d'v k|ltlglw btf{ O{hfht zfvf, lgb]{zgfno – ;b:o %= zfvf k|d'v, jftfj/0f zfvf, lgb]{zgfno – ;b:o ;lrj

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

49

@= IEE l;kmfl/; ;ldlt M != sfof{no k|d\'v sfof{no – ;+of]hs @= clws[t k|ltlglw, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no – ;b:o #= k|d'v jftfj/0f zfvf ;b/d'sfd l:yt :yfgLo tx – ;b:o $= k|d'v÷k|ltlglw lhNnf l:yt jftfj/0f ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo -;of]hsn] tf]Sg]_ –;b:o %= k|d'v pBf]u k|zf;g zfvf sfof{no – ;b:o ;lrj

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

50

cf}Bf]lus u|fd ;DaGwL dfkb08 Pjd\ :yfkgf tyf ljsf; sfo{ljlw–@)&%

k|:tfjgfM cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)&# df cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] nflu kof{Kt ;Defjgf / cj;/ pknAw /x]sf] b]zsf] s'g} efu jf :yfgnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] dfkb08sf clwgdf /xL g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cf}Bf]lus sf]l/8f]/, cf}Bf]lus u|fd tyf cf}Bf]lus Sn:6/ 3f]if0ff u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} u08sL k|b]zsf] cfly{s aif{ @)&%.)&^ sf] gLlt tyf sfo{s|d / ah]6df ;+3 / :yfgLo tx;+usf] ;xsfo{df Ps :yfgLo tx Ps pBf]u u|fd :yfkgfsf] nflu ;Defjgf cWoog, la:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/L / k"jf{3f/ lgdf{0f ug]{ pNn]v ePsf] 5 .pk/f]Qm k[i7e"lddf :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwg, sRrfkbfy{, k|ljlw / ;Lksf] kl/rfng u/L :yfgLo txdf n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u :yfkgf, ljsf; / k|j4{gdf nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ ;fy} pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu :yfg cefj tyf cfjZos ;]jf ;'ljwf cefj nufot ljleGg jfwf cj/f]wnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ kof{Kt ;Defjgf / cj;/ pknAw ePsf :yfgLo txdf cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg / k|j¢{g ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n], u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/n] of] sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] 5 .

kl/R5]b –Ps M k|f/lDes

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æcf}Bf]lus u|fd ;+aGwL dfkb08 Pjd\ :yfkgf tyf ljsf; sfo{ljlw, @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 .-@_ of] sfo{ljlw u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] ldltb]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf, -s_ æcf}Bf]lus u|fdÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu cfjZos Go"gtd\ ;fdfGo ;'ljwf tyf k"jf{wf/ ;'lawf pknJw ljslzt{ Kn6 tyf Kn6x? ePsf] If]q ;Demg' k5{ . -v_ æcf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'gÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL P]g, @)&# jf ;f]df ePsf] ;+zf]wg tyf k|b]z :t/df hf/L x'g] k|fb]lzs cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL sfg"g ;Demg' k5{ . -u_ æn3' pBdÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf !% -s_ adf]lhd :yflkt pBf]unfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -3_ æ3/]n' pBf]uÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf !% -v_ adf]lhd :yflkt pBf]unfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -3_ æ;fgf pBf]uÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf !% -u_ adf]lhd :yflkt pBf]unfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

51

-ª_ æpBf]uÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ btf{ eO{ cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng x'g] n3' pBd, 3/]n' pBf]u tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;Demg' k5{ . -r_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] dxfgu/kflnsf, pk dxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFkflnsf ;Demg'k5{ . -5_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L ePsf] :yfgLo tx dftxt /xg] cf}Bf]lus u|fd Joj:yfkg O{sfO ;Demg' k5{ . -h_ æ;fdfGo ;'ljwfÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus u|fd leqsf ;Dk"0f{ pBf]u tyf lgsfox?n] ;fd'lxs ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ;efxn, SoflG6g, clUg lgoGq0f, cflb ;'lawf ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ . -em_ æk"jf{wf/ ;'ljwfÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf, ljsf;, ;~rfng / ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g ug{ cfjZos ;8s, kfgL, ljB't k|;f/0f nfO{g, cflb h:tf ;'lawf;d]t ;Demg' k5{ . -`_ æ;+l3o dGqfnoÆ eGgfn]] g]kfn ;/sf/, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"l{t{ dGqfnonfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -6_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn]] u08sL k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnonfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -7_ æb'u{d kxf8L If]qÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf b'u{d If]qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -8_ æ3gf dfgj j:tLÆ eGgfn] !))) 3/w'/L jf ;f] eGbf j9L a:tL ePsf] If]qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -9_ æljz]if j:t' pTkfbg If]qÆ eGgfn] Ps} k|s[ltsf pBf]ux? dfq /xg] u/L :yfkgf ePsf] cf}Bf]lus u|fd ;Demg' k5{ . -0f_ æljsf;Æ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|:tfj cg';f/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L pBf]u :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .

kl/R5]b –b'O{ M cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf] dfkb08

#= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] nflu dfkb08 lgwf{/0f-!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf nflu pko'Qm hUufsf] 5gf]6 ubf{ b]xfosf dfkb08 k"/f ePsf] :yfg 5gf]6 ug'{ kg]{5 . dfkb08sf] cfwf/ lgDg x'g]5g\ M -s_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu hUufsf] Gog"td If]qkmn -!_ lxdfnL tyf ljs6 kxf8L If]qdf &% /f]kgL -@_ kxf8L If]qdf !%) /f]kgL -#_ t/fO{ If]qdf @) ljufxf -v_ dfgj jl:tb]lvsf] b"/L -!_ 3gf dfga a:tLb]lv Go"gtd Ps lsnf]ld6/ b"/L x'g'kg]{, -@_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] @)) ld6/sf] jl/kl/ leq dfga a:tL ljsf; gx'g] Joa:yf ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

52

-u_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; -!_ /fhdfu{ ;+u hf]8\g] kx'+rdfu{sf] (Approach Road) Go"gtd rf}8fO{ !) ld6/ -@_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf nflu !! s]=le=P= sf] ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg -#_ cfGtl/s ljB't ljt/0f nfOg -$_ b"/ ;+rf/ ;]jf -%_ vfg]kfgL – ;|f]t -^_ 9n lgsf; -&_ cf}Bf]lus kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg -3_ cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldfb]lv Go"gtd b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ b"/L x'g'kg]{5 . -8=_ cfly{s tyf ef}uf]lns b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm x'g'kg]{ . -r_ Go"g jftfj/0fLo c;/ ePsf] x'g'kg]{ . -5_ cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cGo dfkb08 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} Joxf]/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ef}uf]lns agf]6, hUufsf] pknJwtf tyf ef}lts k"af{wf/sf] ;Defjgf cflb dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fn] Gog"td If]qkmn tyf b"/Ldf ;fdfGo kl/jt{g ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ -s_ df h'g;'s} Joxf]/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lghL If]qsf] nufgLstf{ -Developer_

cfkm}n] hUuf Aoj:yf u/L ljsf;, ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;d]t cfkm} ug]{ u/L :yfkgf x'g] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] xsdf hUufsf] Gog"td If]qkmn b]xfo adf]lhd x'g'kg]{5 M

-!_ lxdfnL tyf las6 kxf8L If]qdf $) /f]kgL -@_ kxf8L If]qdf ^) /f]kgL -#_ t/fO{ If]qdf !@ ljufxf t/, Psn JolQm jf ;d"xjf6 ;+rflnt Psn gfdaf6 :yflkt x'g] cf}Bf]lus u|fdnfO{ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;'ljwf pknJw x'g] 5}g .

-$_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] lgdf{0f tyf ljsf;sf nflu dfkb08 cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] lgdf{0f tyf ljsf;sf nflu b]xfosf] dfkb08 k"/f ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .

-s_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd leqsf] hUufsf] pkof]u lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 -!_ pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu Kn6 s'n hUufsf] ^) b]lv &) k|ltzt{ -@_ k|zf;lgs tyf ;]jf s]Gb| @ b]lv % k|ltzt{ -#_ xl/ofnL If]q & b]lv !) k|ltzt{ -$_ d'n ;8s tyf ;xfos ;8s If]q !@ b]lv !% k|ltzt{ -%_ vfnL hUuf lakb JoaZyfkgsf nflu # b]lv % k|ltzt{ -^_ sfdbf/ dhb'/sf nflu a;f]af; u[x @ b]lv $ k|ltzt{ -&_ cGo ;]jf If]q % b]lv * k|ltzt{

-kfls{8=,nf]8÷cgnf]8, :jf:Yo s]Gb| cflb_

-v_ u|fdleqsf] ;8ssf] dfkb08 -!_ u|fdleqsf] d'Vo ;8ssf] Go"gtd rf}8fO{ !) ld6/sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

53

-@_ u|fdleqsf] ;xfos ;8ssf] Go"gtd rf}8fO{ & ld6/sf] x'g'kg]{5 . -#_ u|fdleqsf] d'Vo ;8ssf] slDtdf Ps ;fO8df km'6kfy x'g'kg]{5 .%= cf}Bf]lus u|fddf pknAw x'g] ;fdfGo ;]jf ;'ljwf / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;fdfGo ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw / k"jf{wf/sf ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .-s_ ;fdfGo ;]jf ;'ljwf -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd k|zf;lgs ejg -@_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf -#_ lbjf lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| -$_ k|fylds :jf:Yo pkrf/ s]Gb| -%_ clUg lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf -^_ ;fdfg k|bz{gL tyf laj|mL sIf -&_ zf}rfno tyf :gfg u[x M dlxnf÷k'?if -*_ kfls{ª :yn tyf lj>fd :yn -(_ v'nf d}bfg tyf kfs{, -!)_ SoflG6g-v_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] k|j]zåf/;lxtsf] ;Ldf kvf{n jf tf/af/ -@_ kx'Fr dfu{ / u|fdleqsf] d'Vo tyf ;xfos dfu{ -#_ u|fdleqsf] d'Vo dfu{sf] ;fO8df k}bndfu{ -$_ pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu ljleGg Kn6 -%_ ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg, cfjZostf cg';f/ ljB't ;a :6];g tyf 6«fG;kmd{/sf] Joj:yf -^_ ;Dej eP;Dd a}slNks phf{sf] k|of]u -&_ uf]bfd 3/sf] Joj:yf -*_ kfgL cfk"lt{ Joj:yf -(_ e"ldut / zt{x 9n lgsf;sf] Joj:yf -!)_ kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg, cf}Bf]lus kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg -kmf]xf]/ d}nf ;ª\sng tyf lj:yfkg_ -!!_ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|b'lift kfgL pkrf/ ;+oGqsf] -Waste Water Treatment Plan Joa:yf -!@_ ;+rf/ ;'ljwfsf] Aoa:yf M 6]lnkmf]g, OG6/g]6, s'l/o/ -;Dej eP;Dd_ -!#_ kx'Fr dfu{ / u|fdleqsf] d'Vo tyf ;xfos dfu{sf] b'a} ;fO8df ?v, la?jf . -!$_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] @)) ld6/sf] jl/kl/ dfga a:tL ljsfz gx'g] JoaZyf ldnfpg] . o:tf Joj:yf @)) ld6/sf j/Lk/L xl/ofnL If]q ljsfz u/L ug{ ;lsg] 5 . -!%_ ;8s aQLsf] Joa:yf

kl/R5]b –tLg M :yfg 5gf]6, hUuf k|flKt / cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff

^= :yfgLo txn] e"–pkof]u of]hgf adf]lhd 5gf]6 ug]{ :yfgLo txn] :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf @& -@_ sf] Joj:yf tyf /fli6«o e"–pkof]u gLltsf] k|fjwfg cg'?k cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{ s[lif If]q, cfjf;Lo If]q, Jofj;flos If]q,cf}Bf]lus If]q, jg If]q, ;fa{hlgs pkof]u If]q tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo If]qdf juL{s/0f u/L tof/ u/]sf] e"–pkof]u of]hgfdf tf]lsPsf] cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] e"–efudf cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf] nflu :yfg 5gf]6 ug{'kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

54

t/, e"–pkof]u of]hgf tof/ geO{;s]sf] ca:yfdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf] nflu ;DefJo hUuf 5gf]6 ug{, hUuf k|flKt ug{ / cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0f ug{ of] bkmfn] jfwf k'of{Psf] dflgg] 5}g .

&= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] nflu hUufsf] nut tof/ ug]{ :yfgLo txn] b]xfo cg';f/ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf] nflu ;DefAo hUufsf] nut tof/ ug]{ M -!_ :yfgLo tx cGtu{tsf ;a} j8f sfof{nox?n] e"–pkof]u of]hgf cg';f/ cf–cfkm\gf j8fdf /x]sf ;DefJo hUufsf] nut ;+sng tyf /]s8{ /fVg ;Sg]5g\ . -@_ ;DalGwt\ j8fn] pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ /flvPsf] nut laj/0f :yfgLo txdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/sf ;a} j8faf6 k|fKt nutsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] ef}uf]lns If]qleq /x]sf e"–pkof]u of]hgfdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] :yfgsf] ;fj{hlgs ktL{ vfnL hUufsf] nut tof/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . *= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] nflu :yfg 5gf]6 -!_ bkmf & cg';f/ hUufsf] nut tof/ ePsf]df;f] nfut dWo]af6 jf nut tof/ gePsf]df ;DefJo hUuf dWo]af6 cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 k"/f x'g], Go"gtd If]qkmn k'Ug] hUufsf] pknAwtf, sRrfkbfy{ tyf sfdbf/sf] pknJwtf, nufgLsf] ;Defjgf, ahf/sf] ;DefAotf, cfly{s tyf ef}uf]lns cj:yf ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgfsf] nflu hUuf 5gf]6 ug'{kg]{5 . t/, hUuf 5gf}6 ubf{ l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknJw pa{/e"dL, 3gf ag h+un, tyf ef}uf]lns ?kdf hf]lvdo'Qm :yfgnfO{ 5gf]6 ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

-@_ pko'Qm hUuf 5gf]6sf] nflu k|fyldstf -s_ :yfgLo txsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] vfnL hUuf . -v_ gbL tyf vf]nfn] wf/ kl/jt{g u/L 5f]8]sf] jf cGo ;fj{hlgs ktL{ hUuf . -u_ ;fd'bflos agn] cf]u6]sf] klt{ hUuf . -3_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] hUuf -g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ ;xdltdf_ . -8=_ vl/b jf clwu|x0f ug'{kg]{ lghL hUuf .

-#_ k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog -s_ hUuf 5gf]6 ug'{ cl3 :yfgLo txn] ;Defljt hUufsf] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog u/fpg' kg]{5 . -v_ :yfgLo txn] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog ug{ lghL If]qsf] k|ltlglw, ag k|fljlws, tyf cGo ;DalGwt ljifo lj1af6 u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -u_ k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoogjf6 rf/lsNnf ;d]t vf]nL k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L :yfgLo txdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -3_ k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ cg';"rL ! adf]lhdsf] kl/If0f ;"rL (Check List) cg';f/ cWoog ug'{ kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

55

-$_ :yfgLo txsf] ;xdlt x'g'kg]{ k"j{ ;DefJotf k|ltj]bgaf6 pko'Qm x'g] eO{ klxrfg u/LPsf] hUufdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] lg0f{o;lxtsf] ;xdlt x'g'kg]{5 .

-%_ s'g} b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf jl9 :yfgLo txsf] ef}uf]lns If]qdf kg]{ cf}Bf]lus u|fd s'g} cf}Bf]lus u|fd b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L :yfgLo txsf] ef}uf]lns If]qdf kg]{ /x]5 eg] cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ ;DalGwt\ ;a} :yfgLo txsf]] ;xdlt x'g'kg]{5 .

( cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] 3f]if0ff -s_ :yfgLo txn] dGqfnodf cg'/f]w ug]{ :yfgLo txn] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg tyf cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ ;xdltkq, rf/ lsNnf;lxt hUufsf] ljj/0f tyf b]xfosf sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/L k|b]z dGqfnodf cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff ug]{ k|s[of cufl8 a9fpg l;kmfl/; tyf ;dGjosf] nflu kq k7fpg' kg]{5 M -!_ k|:tfljt cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] rf/ lsNnf v'n]sf] gS;f -@_ xfnsf] hUufsf] :jfldTj v'n]sf] k|dfl0ft sfuhft -;DalGwt dfnkf]t / gfkL sfof{noaf6 k|fKt u/L_ -#_ cf}Bf]lus u|fddf :yfkgf x'g;Sg] ;Defljt pBf]ux? -$_ ;Defljt nufgL -%_ ;Defljt ahf/ Joj:yf -^_ l;h{gf x'g;Sg] ;Defljt /f]huf/L -&_ cGo cfjZos sfuhft

-v_ ;DefAotf cWoog ug]{, u/fpg] -s_ :yfgLo txaf6 k|fKt sfuhft / kqsf] cfwf/df dGqfnon] cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ffsf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf lg0f{o lng] ;Gbe{df k|lalws ljz]if1x?af6 ;DefAotf cWoog ug{' u/fpg' kg]{5 . -v_ pkbkmf -s_ adf]lhd ;DefAotf cWoog ubf{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] k|lalws ljz]if1x? cWoogdf ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5 M -!_ pknJw eP;Dd e"ue{ ;DaGwL k|fljlws, -@_ jftfj/0f lj1, -#_ l;len÷cfls{6]Sr/ k|fljlws, -$_ ;DalGwt laifosf] lj1 -u_ pkbkmf -v_ cg';f/sf ljz]if1x?n] :ynut tyf cfjZos k|fljlws ljifodf ;d]t cWoog u/L ;f] :yfgdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ pko'Qm eP, gePsf] /fo ;lxtsf] ;DefAotf cWoog k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -u_ l;kmfl/; ug{' kg]{ dGqfnon] k|fljlws k|ltj]bg ;d]tsf] cfwf/df k|:tfljt :yfgdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ pko'Qm b]v]df cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ lg0f{o u/L :yfgLo txaf6 k|fKt k|df0f sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

56

u/L l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;+3Lo dGqfnodf cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff ug{ cg'/f]w ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx ;d]tnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . -3_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ffsf] nflu dGqfnoaf6 l;kmfl/; ;lxt cfjZos sfuhft k|fKt ePkl5 ;+l3o dGqfnon] cfjZos k|s[of k"/f u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff x'g]5 . -%_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltaf6 nfu" tyf sfof{Gjog x'g]5 . -^_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lghL hUuf k|fKt ug'{ kg{] cj:yf cfPdf hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$ tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd hUuf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .!)= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] nflu hUufsf] :jfldTj, lgoGq0f / ;+/If0f -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGoyf lg0f{o u/]sf]df afx]s 3f]if0ff ePsf] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] hUuf hldg, ejg nufotsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQsf] :jfldTj ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] x'g]5 . -@_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf]] lgoGq0f / ;+/If0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;d]t ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b –rf/ M cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :yfkgf / ljsf;

!!= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :yfkgf / ljsf;sf nflu ;dembf/L sfod ug{ ;lsg] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :yfkgf / ljsf;sf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ ljleGg lgsfo jLr ;dGjo / ;xdltdf sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] 5 . -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff eO{ :jfldTj sfod eO{;s] kl5 ;f] If]qdf ug'{kg]{ of]hgf, k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, nufgL, k|fljlws ;xof]u, hgzlQm ljsfz tyf cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;~rfng Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfo aLr ;dGjo / ;xdltdf sfo{s|d ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b]xfosf] laifodf b]xfosf lgsfox? jLr ;dGjo / ;xdltdf sfo{s|d sfo{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] 5 M

-s_ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno

lalQo tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u / ;dGjo

-v_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ljsf; dGqfnoM k|fljlws ;xof]u

-u_k|fljlws tyf Joj;flostflnd kl/ifb

cf}Bf]lus u|fddf cfjZos bIf hgzlQmpTkfbg ug]{ .

-3_ cf}Bf]lus If]q Aoj:yfkg lnld6]8 k|fljlws tyf cGo ;xof]u

-8=_cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ljsf; k|lti7fg M

pBdlzntf ;DaGwL tflnd sfo{s|dsf] dfWodaf6 pBdL ;[hgf ug]{

-r_:yfgLo tx cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg ;fy} k|j4{g ug]{ .

-5_ lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf ;dGjo / ;xsfo{

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

57

!@= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng, Joa:yfkg / ljsf;df dGqfno tyf :yfgLo txsf] e"ldsf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 . -s_ dGqfnosf] e"ldsf M k|flalws ljz]if1x?af6 cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;DefAotf cWoog, cf}Bf]lus u|fd leqsf cGo ;fj{hlgs k"j{fwf/ lgdf{0fdf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ;xof]u h:t}M ;8s, ljB't lat/0f nfO{g, kvf{n tyf tf/af/ lgdf{0f, lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ug]{, ljQLo tyf k|flalws ;xof]u,cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;DjGwL sfo{x? . -v_ :yfgLo txsf] e"ldsf M ;Defljt hUufsf] nut /fVg], hUuf 5gf]6 ug]{, k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog, lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{, cf}Bf]lus u|fdleqsf] cGo ;fj{hlgs k"j{fwf/ h:t}M ;8s, aQL, kfgL tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnL, 9n, k|zfflgs tyf ;]jfs]Gb| ejg cflb, cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :jfldTj, ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg / lgoGq0f, cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;DjGwL sfo{x? .

pkbkmf -s_ / -v_ df pNn]v ePsf cltl/Qm ;+3Lo dGqfnon] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] 3f]if0ff, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ;xof]u, cf}Bf]lus u|fd;Ddsf] ;fj{hlgs kx'Fr dfu{ tyf ljB't nfO{g lgdf{0fdf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ljQLo ;xof]u, ljQLo tyf k|flalws ;xof]u,cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!#= ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] 3f]if0ff, :yfkgf, ljsf;, k|j4{gdf gLltut ljifodf ;xhLs/0f tyf ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ k|b]z :t/df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g u/Lg]5 . -!_ df=dGqL, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnocWoIf -@_ ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno;b:o -#_ k|ltlglw, cy{ tyf of]hgf dGqfno -pk;lrj :t/_ ;b:o -$_ k|ltlglw,e"ld Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno -pk;lrj :t/_ ;b:o -%_ k|ltlglw, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ljsf; dGqfno - pk;lrj :t/_ ;b:o -^_ k|d'v, pBf]u sfof{no ;b:o -&_ k|d'v, g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f If]qLo sfof{no ;b:o -*_ k|d'v,, cf}Bf]lus If]q Joj:yfkg lnld6]8 ;b:o -(_ k|ltlglw, pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 ;b:o

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

58

-!)_ k|ltlglw, ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u dxf;+3 ;b:o -!!_ k|ltlglw, k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIff kl/ifb ;b:o -!@_ k|d'v, cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ljsf; k|lti7fg ;b:o -!#_ pk;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;b:o ;lra

-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ s_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff kZrft u|fdn] cf]u6]sf] hUuf hldgsf] gfk, gS;f :jfldTj sfod ug{df cfjZos ;xhLs/0f / ;dGjo ug]{ . -v_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ljsf;sf] nflu lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ . -u_ lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|:tfj cg';f/ lgdf{0f r/0fdf s'g s'g sfo{ s'g s'g lgsfosf] ;xof]u / lhDd]af/Ldf ;DkGg ug]{ ljifo lgwf{/0f tyf ;dGjo ug]{ . -3_ ;do ;dodf dfkb08df k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g ug]{ . -8=_ ;ldltn] pko'Qm 7xof{Psf cGo ljifo .-#_ ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ k|s[of cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

-!$_ lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg (Detail Project Report-DPR) tof/ ug'{ kg]{ -!_ :yfgLo txn] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] :yfkgf tyf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfkm\gf] If]qleqsf] k|To]s e"–efusf] pkof]u / pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu Knl6+u If]q, ;]jfs]Gb|, k|zf;lgs OsfO{, af6f], 9n, ljB't nfOg, v'nfIf]q cflbsf nflu lj:t[t ?kdf cWoog, cg';Gwfg u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] cfwf/ ;lxtsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ :yfgLo txn] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt ljz]if1x? jLr 5nkmn u/fO{ pko'Qm b]v]df cfjZos ;+zf]wg;lxt k|b]z dGqfno dfkm{t dGqfnodf l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 . -#_ dGqfnon] ljz]if1x?sf] /fo ;'emfj lnO{{ pko'Qm b]v]df cfjZos ;+zf]wg;lxt :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 . :jLs[t u/]sf] k|ltj]bg hfgsf/L tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu :yfgLo txdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

!%= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ljQLo Aoj:yfkg -!_ :yfgLo txn] cfkm\g} ;|f]taf6 ljQLo Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ljsf;sf] nflu :yfgLo txn] ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ljQLo / k|fljlws ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 . -#_ ;+3Lo dGqfnon] cf}Bf]lus u|fd;Dd k'Ug] kx'rdfu{ tyf ljB't nfO{g lgdf{0fdf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf ljQLo ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

59

-$_ dGqfnon] ;DefJotf cWoog, cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] cGo ;fj{hlgs k"j{fwf/ lgdf{0fdf ;8s, ljB't lat/0f nfO{g, kvf{n tyf tf/af/ lgdf{0fdf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf ljQLo ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . -%_ :yfgLo txn] u|fdleqsf cGo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ pBf]un] cfkm\gf] cfjZostf cg';f/ sf/vfgf, 3/ nufotsf sfddf nufgL ug'{ kg{]5 .

!^= cf}Bf]lus u|fd ljsf; ug]{ tl/sf -!_ b]xfosf s'g} tl/sfaf6 cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] 5 M -s_ lghL If]qsf] nufgLstf{ jf Developer af6 -!_ lghL If]qsf] nufgLstf{ jf Developer cfkm}n] hUuf Joj:yf u/L ljsf;, ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;d]t cfkm} ug]{ u/L cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ rfx]df k|b]z ;/sf/n] :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/;df ;f]sf] dfkb08 kfngf ug]{ u/L lglZrt zt{ / k|s[of lgwf{/0f u/L lghL If]qnfO{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lghL If]qaf6 :yfkgf x'g] cf}Bf]lus u|fddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs kx'Fr dfu{ tyf ljB't nfO{g lgdf{0fdf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . -v_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] k"j{fwf/ nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{ :yfgLo tx cfkm}n] ug{ ;Sg] . -u_ :yfgLo tx / lghL If]qsf] ;+o'Qm ;xeflutfdf ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] . -#_ ;+o'Qm ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df ljsf; ubf{ lgDg j}slNks tl/sf x'g ;Sg]5g\ tL dWo] :yfgLo txn] pko'Qm tl/sf 5gf]6 ug{ ;Sg]5 . -s_ :yfgLo txn] pknJw u/fPsf] hUufdf lghL If]qaf6 k"jf{wf/ ljsf; u/]/, -v_ :yfgLo tx / lghLIf]q b'j}af6 ljsf;df ;+o'Qm nufgL u/]/ .-$_ :yfgLo txn] lghL If]qsf] ;+o'Qm ;xeflutfdf ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k cf}Bf]lus u|fd ljsf; ug]{ tl/sf 5gf]6 ubf{ b]xfosf laj/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 M -s_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug]{ :yfg tyf If]qkmn ;lxtsf] hUufsf] gfk gS;f, -v_ :yfgLo tx / lghLIf]qsf] ;+o'Qm ;xeflutfsf] tl/sf, -u_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo tx / lghLIf]qn] ug]{ nufgLsf] cg'dflgt sd / nufgLsf] c+z b/ (Investment Ratio), -3_ :yfgLo tx / lghLIf]qlar cf}Bf]lus u|fd ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgaf6 x'g] cfosf] afF8kmfF8sf] b/ -Revenue Sharing Ratio_ -8=_ cf}Bf]lus u|fddf ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] pBf]usf] k|s[lt / cg'dflgt pBf]usf] ;+Vof, -r_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ tl/sf, -5_ cGo cfjZos ljj/0f -%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd laj/0f tyf cfjZos sfuhftsf] cWoogaf6 :yfgLo txn]] ;+o'Qm ;xeflutfdf ljsf; ug{ pko'Qm b]v]df ;f]xL cg';f/sf] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L ;+l3o dGqnfo / ;DalGwt\ dGqnfodf ;d]t k7fpg' kg]{5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

60

-&_ :yfgLo tx / lghL If]qsf] ;+o'Qm ;xeflutfdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd ljsf; ug]{ ;DaGwdf 5'6\6} sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" u/Lg] 5 .-&_ ljz]if a:t' pTkfbg ;DaGwL cf}Bf]lus u|fd -!_ :yfgLo txn] cfkm}n] jf gLlh If]q;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L t'ngfTds nfesf] cfwf/df ljz]if a:t' dfq pTkfbg x'g] cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf u/L o; sfo{ljlwsf] k|fjwfg cg'?k ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ gLlh If]qn] cfkm\g} nufgL / :jfldTjdf ljz]if a:t' pTkfbg ;DaGwL cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf ug{ rfx]df o; sfo{ljlwsf] k|fjwfg cg'?k :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .-*_ dlxnf pBdL ljz]if cf}Bf]lus u|fd -!_ dlxnf pBdLx?nfO{ pBf]u tkm{ cfslif{t / k|f]T;fxg ug{ dlxnf pBdLn] dfq pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ kfpg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; sfo{ljlwsf] k|fjwfg cg'?k dlxnf pBdL ljz]if cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfgLo txn] cfkm}n] jf gLlh If]qsf dlxnf pBdL;Fu ;xsfo u/L o; sfo{ljlwsf] k|fjwfg cg'?k ;~rfng / JoaZyfkg ug{ ;Sg]5 .-(_ cf}Bf]lus u|fddf -Zoning_ ug{ ;Sg] cf}Bf]lus u|fd ljsf; ug]{ s|ddf pBf]usf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ;dfg k|s[ltsf pBf]unfO{ cf}Bf]lus u|fdleqsf] Ps} If]qdf ;~rfng x'g] u/L] hUuf tyf ;+/rgf ljefhg (Zoning) ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!&= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;~rfng Joj:yfkgcf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] hUuf pknAw u/fO{ cf}Bf]lus u|fd 3f]if0ff tyf ljsf; u/L :yfgLo txnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ lhDd]af/L lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ :yfgLo tx cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf vl/b u/L k|fKt hUufnfO{ cfkm}n] cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ¿kdf ljsf; u/L ;~rfng÷Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf cf}Bf]lus u|fd ljsf; u/L ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fe]mbf/Ldf ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -$_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ;~rfng Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf lglZrt zt{{ / k|s[of lgwf{/0f u/L :yfgLo txn ;Dk"0f{ lhDdf lghL If]qnfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 . !*= cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut Joj:yf -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf u/L k"jf{wf/ ljsf; nufotsf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgf :j?k :yfgLo tx cGtu{t /xg] u/L cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog O{sfO u7g u/Lg]5 . -@_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; nufotsf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ cfjZos kg]{ vl/b k|s[of ;DaGwdf 5'6\6} sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu' ug{ ;lsg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

61

!(= cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq :yfkgf x'g] pBf]usf] k|fyldstf -!_ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd pBf]usf] juL{s/0fdf k/]sf] n3' pBd, 3/]n' pBf]u tyf ;fgf pBf]u dfq cf}Bf]lus u|fddf :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{ kfOg]5 . t/ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cg'dlt lng' kg]{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf pBf]u cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{ kfOg] 5}g . -@_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu ;fdfGotof b]xfosf cfwf/df k|fyldstf lbOg]5 M -s_ :yfgLo :t/df pknAw x'g] sRrf kbfy{, cw{k|zf]lwt sRrf kbfy{ jf v]/ uPsf] j:t' k|of]u u/L jf k|zf]wg u/L pTkfbg ug]{ pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u, -v_ s[lif tyf jg k}bfj/df cfwfl/t pBf]u, -!_ 8]/L -@_ dx k|zf]wg -#_ lrof, skmL k|zf]wg -$_ kmnkm"n k|zf]wg -%_ h8La'6Ldf cfwfl/t -^_ sf7 tyf a]tafF;hGo kmlg{r/ pBf]u -&_ k|fs[lts /]zf pTkfbg jf k|fs[lts /]zfdf cfwfl/t pBf]u -u_ :yfgLo :t/sf] dfudf cfwfl/t ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u, -3_ vfgL tyf vlghdf cfwfl/t pBf]u M wft' jf vlgh k|zf]wg ug]{ pBf]u, -ª_ pmhf{d"ns pBf]uM ;f}o{ pmhf{, gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{ d]l;g pks/0f lgdf{0f ;Fu ;DalGwt pBf]u afof]Uof; KnfG6 cflb, -r_ ;]jfd"ns pBf]uM 5fkfvfgf, oflGqs sfo{zfnf, kfgL k|zf]wg, k|fljlws k|lzIf0f, ;Lk ljsf;, ;ˆ6j]o/ ljsf; cflb, -5_ k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf ePsf cGo pBf]u, -h_ :yfgLo txn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo pBf]u, -#_ pkbkmf -@_ df pNn]v ePsf pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf nlu dlxnf pBdL jf tL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf sd pd]/sf o'jf pBdLn]] lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf pBdLnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f pNn]v ePsf] ePtfklg ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo txn] rfx]df Ps} k|s[ltsf] pBf]ux? Dffq :yfkgf ug{ kfpg] u/L ljz]if j:t' pTkfbg If]q :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{, ufpg ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b –kfFr M pBf]unfO{ pknAw u/fOg] ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf;DaGwL Joj:yf

@)=shf{ lng ;Sg] pBf]un] cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] d]l;g/L tyf cGo hfoh]yf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf] aGws /fvL shf{ lng ;Sg]5 . t/ ejg tyf hUuf eg] lwtf]aGwsdf /fVg kfOg] 5}g . @!= hUuf ef8f b/df 5'6 -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fddf ;~rfng x'g] pBf]unfO{ k|rlnt sfg'gsf] clwgdf /lx :yfgLo txn b]xfo adf]lhdsf] 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 M -s_ sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt dlxnf pBdL jf ckfË pBdL jf tL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf sd pd]/sf]

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

62

pBdLsf] nufgL /xg] u/L cf}Bf]lus u|fddf :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng x'g] pBf]unfO{ o; sfo{ljlwdf tf]lsPsf] ef8fb/df klxnf] bz jif{sf nflu k}tL; k|ltzt ;Dd 5'6 lbg ;lsg] . -v_ :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t pBf]unfO{ o; sfo{ljlwdf tf]lsPsf] ef8fb/df klxnf] bz jif{sf nflu tL; k|ltzt 5'6 lbg ;lsg] . -u_ ;Lk ljsf;, cfO{=6L=, ;ˆ6j]o/ ljsf;, ;[hgzLntf ljsf; ;DaGwL pBf]unfO{ o; sfo{ljlwdf tf]lsPsf] ef8fb/df klxnf] bz jif{sf nflu aL; k|ltzt ;Dd 5'6 lbg ;lsg] . -@_ :yfgLo txn] :yfgLo /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cf}Bf]lus u|fd leq :yfkgf x'g] ljz]if k|s[ltsf pBf]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ hUuf ef8fb/df s'g} lglZrt ;do tf]sL cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ?kdf 5'6 lbg ;lsg] .

@@= pBf]unfO k|bfg u/Lg] 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot -!_ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gn] k|bfg u/]sf cfos/ ;DaGwL, d"No clea[lWb s/ / eG;f/ ;DaGwL 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot, n3' pBdsf] nflu cGo ;'ljwf Pj+ ;x'lnot tyf dlxnf pBdLsf nflu yk ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{ ljz]if Aoj:yf cf}Bf]lus u|fddf :yfkgf x'g] pBf]un] klg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -@_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ leq kg]{ s/sf ;DaGwdf k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq ;~rfng x'g] ljz]if k|s[ltsf pBf]unfO{ cfjZos 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ :yfgLo txn] k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ leq kg]{ s/sf ;DaGwdf :yfgLo /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cf}Bf]lus u|fdleq ;~rfng x'g] ljz]if k|s[ltsf pBf]unfO{ cfjZos 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .

@#= uf]bfd3/sf] ;'ljwf sfof{non] pBf]usf] k|s[ltsf cfwf/df pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ uf]bfd3/sf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b –5 M ljljw@$= jftfj/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf tyf ljsf; ug{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg ;DkGg u/]kl5 dfq cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf tyf ljsf;sf] sfo{ k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf tyf ljsf; ug{ u/LPsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sgn] pBf]u :yfkgf, ;~rfng, Jofj;flos pTkfbg jf sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug'{ k"j{ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg nfO{ l;ldt u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

63

-#_ cf}Bf]lus u|fddf :yfkgf x'g] pBf]un] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g adflhdsf bfloTj kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .

@%= ef8fdf lnPsf] hUuf k|of]u ug'{kg]{ -!_ pBf]u ;~rfngsf nflu ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ef8fdf lnPsf] hUuf k"0f{tM k|of]udf cfPsf] gb]lvPdf k|of]udf gcfPsf] hlt hUuf sfof{non] cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lng] ;Sg]5 . -@_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd leqsf Kn6nfO{ pBdLn] h'g pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ ef8fdf lnPsf] xf] ;f]xL k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd leqsf Kn6nfO{ pBdLn] vl08s[t ug{ jf csf]{ pBf]u /fVg jf c? s;}nfO{ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ lbg ;lsg] 5}g . o; k|fjwfg ljk/Lt b]lvPdf :yfgLo txn] pQm pBf]unfO{ cf}Bf]lus u|fd leqaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 .

@^= k'gM ef8fdf lbg gx'g] -!_ ;Demf}tf cg';f/ hUuf ejg ef8fdf lnPsf]df To:tf] pBf]uLn] cfkm"n] ef8fdf lnPsf] hUuf cGo s;}nfO{ k'gM ef8fdf lbg ;Sg] 5}g . -@_ k'gM ef8fdf lbPsf] kfOPdf pBf]unfO{ uNtL ;'wf/ ug{ ;ft lbgsf] ;do lbOg]5 . ;f] ;doleq klg ;'wf/ gu/]df ;Demf}tf /2 u/L sfof{non] cf}Bf]lus u|fdaf6 To:tf] pBf]unfO{ x6fpg]]5 .

@&= u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!_ u'gf;f] Joj:yfkgsf nflu :yfgLo txn] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/L tf]sL To;sf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog O{sfO sfof{non] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] u'0f:t/, k|efjsfl/tf tyf To;df x'g ;Sg] clgoldttfsf] ;DaGwdf u'gf;f] ;'Ggsf] nflu ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf u'gf;f] k]l6sf /fVg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf k]l6sfdf hf];'s}n] u'gf;f] k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 . pQm u'gf;f] k|:t't ubf{ cfkm'nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] ljifo / u'gf;f] ug'{ kgf{sf] sf/0f / cfkm\gf] 7]ufgf :ki6 v'nfO{ lzi6 efiffdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . u'gf;f] k|:t'tstf{n] rfx]df o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] u'gf;f] ;f]em} :yfgLo txsf] sfof{nodf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} u'gf;f] k|fKt x'g cfPdf :yfgLo txn] bz lbg leq cfjZos sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd u/LPsf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt u'gf;f] k|:t'tstf{nfO{ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] u'gf;f]df plNnlvt 7]ufgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 ;fy} sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf ;d]t 6fF:g' kg]{5 . -^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd :yfgLo txn] lg0f{o ubf{ To:tf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em]df k}FtL; lbgleq ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;lsg] s'/f lg0f{o pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

64

@*=ljjfb ;dfwfg;DaGwL Joj:yf sfof{no / ;fem]bf/ jf 7]sbf/aLr ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|fawfg sfof{Gjogdf s'g} ljjfb ePdf To:tf] ljjfb ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{5 .

@(= ljB'tLo dfWodsf] k|of]u -!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] Joj:yfkg k|lj|mofnfO{ ;/n / kf/bzL{ u/fpg qmlds ¿kdf k|zf;lgs

k|0ffnLnfO{ c6f]d];g / cgnfOg k4lt dfkm{t ljsf; u/Lg]5 . -@_ sfof{noaf6 hf/L x'g] sfuhftx? k|df0fLs/0f ubf{ ljB'tLo x:tfIf/ ;d]t dfGo x'g]5 /

To:tf sfuhftx? ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;d]t cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] sfo{noaf6 ljB'tLo :j?kdf k]z u/]sf ;a} k|sf/sf sfuhft ;'/lIft

?kdf sDKo"6/ k|0ffnLdf /fVg] bfloTj sfo{nosf] x'g]5 .-$_ qmlds ¿kdf ljB'tLo ;]jf Integrated Online Service / Online Payment nfO{ Jojxf/

df NofO{g]5 .-%_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] tTYof+ssf] nflu sDKo'6/ k|0ffnL ckgfO{g]5 . -^_ cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] nflu tflndk|fKt IT Staff, cfjZos dfqfdf xf8{j]o/ / ;ˆ6j]o/sf]

Joa:yf u/Lg]5 .-&_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd leq :yflkt n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu

qmlds ¿kdf pko'Qm ;"rgf k|ljlw (Information Technology) sf] k|of]u u/Lg]5 .

#)= cg'udg tyf ;xhLs/0f-!_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf tyf ljsf;sf nflu ;Dkfbg x'g] sfd sf/afxL / sfof{GjognfO{

k|efjsf/L / u'0f:t/o'Qm agfpg :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] ;+of]hsTjdf of]hgf tyf sfo{s|d clws[t, k|fljlws clws[t tyf zfvf k|d'v /x]sf]] cg'udg tyf ;xhLs/0f ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ ul7t ;ldltn] sfof{Gjog nufot ;Dk"0f{ r/0fdf cg'udg ug]{ / cg'udg ug]{ s|ddf b]vf k/]sf r'gf}ltnfO{ ;dfwfg u/L ;/n / ;xh ¿kdf ;xhLs/0f ;]jf k|bfg ug]{5 .

-#_ cf}Bf]lus u|fd :yfkgf tyf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] ljleGg r/0fdf dGqfno tyf k|b]z dGqfnon] cfjZostf cg';f/ cg'udg tyf ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

#!= o;} sfo{ljlw cg';f/ x'g] o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v u/LPsf Joj:yfx? o;} sfo{ljlw cg';f/ x'g]5g\ . o; sfo{ljlwdf/x]sf s'g} k|fjwfgx? k|rlnt sfg'g;+u aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd k|rlnt sfg'gdfpNn]v ePsf Aoj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .

#@= JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ o; sfo{ljlwsf] sfof{Gjog ug{] qmddf s'g} b'lawf pTkGg ePdf dGqfnonfO{ To:tf] b'lawf k/]sf] ljifosf] jfwf c8sfp km'sfpg] jf sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v ePsf k|fjwfgx?sf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

65

##= sfo{ljlwsf] ;+zf]wg k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfjZostf cg';f/ o; sfo{ljlwdf ;+zf]wg jf yk36 ug{ ;Sg]5 .

#$= sfo{ljlw vf/]h ug{ ;Sg] o; sfo{ljlwsf] cf}lrTo / cfjZostf gb]lvPdf k|b]z ;/sf/n] h'g;'s} avt of] sfo{ljlw vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

66

cg';"rL M !cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoogsf] nflu

kl/If0f ;"rL -Check List_

l;=g+ =

k/LIf0f zLif{s k/LIf0fsf] ljj/0f

! hUufsf] cjl:ytL -Location_• k|b]zsf] gfd• lhNnf• dxf÷pkdxf÷gu/kflnsf÷

ufpFkflnsf• j8f g+• :yfgsf] gfd• glhssf] al:tsf] gfd

@ hldgsf] xfnsf] :jfldTj

# hldgsf] rf/lsNnfk"j{blIf0fklZrdpQ/

$ hldgsf] If]qkmn• ju{ ld6/÷/f]kgL÷ljufxf

% hldgsf] agf]6 (Topography);dy/÷le/fnf] ÷cGo• Klx/f] hfg] ;+efjgf 5÷5}g

^ xfndf hldgsf] k|of]u s]df ePsf] 5• l;rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw 5÷5}g• 3gf ag h+un 5÷5}g

& Hldgdf s'g} lajfb eP÷gePsf]

* glhssf] d'Vo vf]nf jf gbLsf] gfd / b"/L

( kx'+r dfu{• ;aeGbf glhssf] /fhdfu{• /fhdfu{ ;Ddsf] b'/L• /fhdfu{ hf]8\g] ;8s 5÷5}g• /fhdfu{ hf]8\g] ;8ssf] ;+efjgf

!) Vffg]kfgL pknJw 5÷5}gVffg]kfgLsf] ;DefJo ;|f]t jf d'xfg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

67

!! ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg• 5÷5}g• 5}g eg] glhssf] ljB't :6];g /

b"/L

!@ glhsdf /x]sf pBf]ux?

!# glhssf] ahf/ jf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|sf] gfd / b'/L

!$ b"/ ;+rf/ ;]jf pknJw 5÷5}g

pknJw gePdf glhssf] :6];g / b"/L

!% kmf]xf]/ tyf cf}Bf]lus kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;DefJo If]q

!^ k|b'lift kfgL Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;DefJo If]q

!& 9n lgsf;sf] Joa:yf 5÷5}g

!* cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf ;Ddsf] b"/L

!( cf}Bf]lus u|fdaf6 kg{;Sg] jftfj/0fLo c;/sf] cf+sng

@) cf}Bf]lus u|fd la:tf/sf] ;Defjgf 5÷5}g

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

68

pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw–@)&%

k|:tfjgf M u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/ ,pBf]u ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGt/ut pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zfgno dftxtsf lgsfox?af6 pBdzLntfsf] dfWod4f/f :yfgLo >f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]u ub}{ /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rfng u/Lg] pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd ;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt tyf kf/bzL{ agfpg af~5gLo ePsf] pBf]u , ko{6g , jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] k|zf;sLo sfo{ljlw lgoldt ug]{ P]g @)!@ sf] bkmf @ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L of] æpBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&%Æ tof/ u/LPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b –Ps M k|f/lDes!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æpBdzLn ljsf; tflnd ;~rfng sfo{ljlwÆ /xsf] 5 . -@_ of] sfo{ljlw dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldltb]vL nfu' x'g]5 . @= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf M -s_ æk|b]z eGgfn]Æ eGgfn] u08sL k|b]znfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 . -v_ ædGqfno eGgfn]Æ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnonfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 . -u_ ælgb]{zfgnoÆ eGgfn] dGqfno cGt/utsf] pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zfgnfonfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 . -3_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] lgb]{zgfno dftxt lhNnf l:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfo{no tyf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf sfof{nox?nfO{ ;d]t hgfpg] 5 . -ª_ æpBf]dzLntf ljsf; sfo{qmd tflndÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo >f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]u ub}{ n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBd Jofj;fo, k]zf jf /f]huf/nfO{ s'zntfk"j{s ;~rfng ug{ jf pTk|]l/t ug{ cfjZos kg]{ 1fg , ;Lk , snf jf wf/0fsf] ljsf; ug{ tflndnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . h;nfO{ cªu|hLdf Enterpreneurship Development Programe Training elgG5 . -ª_ æk|lzIffyL{ 5gf}6 ;ldltÆ eGgfn] o; sfo{ljlwsf] lgod @=^ cg';f/ ul7t k|b]z / lhNnf:t/sf] 5gf}6 ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . -r_ ;xhsstf{ 5gf}6 ;ldlt eGgfn] o; sfo{ljlwsf] lgod @-*_ sf] -v_ cg';f/sf] ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . -5_ æ;xhsftf{ ÆeGgfn] !) lbg] pBdzLntf ljsf; sfo{qmd tflnd lbg] k|lzIfsnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -h_+ æk|lzIffyL{Æ eGgfn] o; lgb]{zg jdf]lhd ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qms dfkm{t k|lzIf0f lng] pBdzLn JolQmx?nfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . -em_ ækf7ok':tsÆ eGgfn] pBdzLntf ljsf; tflndsf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] kf7 ok':tsnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -d_ æcg'b]zsÆ eGgfn] sfo{nodf sfo{/t cg'b]zs clws[t h;n] pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd k|d'v k|lzIfs e} sfo{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

69

kl/R5]b–b'O{ M nlIft ju{ tflndsf] cfjZostf klxrfg

#= nlIft ju{ M pBf]u Joj;fodf ;l/s x'g OR5's eP tfklg k|lqmofut hfgsf/L / pBdzLntfsf]cefjn] ubf{ pBd Jofj;fodf ;l/s x'g g;s]sf dlxnf, pBdzLntf sf]if, o'jf pBdzLntf sf]if{af6 shf{ :jLs[t ePsf, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng, ljljlwsf/0f tyf lj:tf/ ug{ rfxgf ePsf, j]/f]huf/ af6 s]xL 1fg ;Lk k|fKt u/L :jb]zdf g} pBf]u Joj;fo ug{ OR5's pBdzLn JolQmx? .

$= tflnd :yfgsf] 5gf]6 M lhNnfsf ;b/d'sfdx?df g} pBf]u Joj;fosf] nflu cfjZos k"j{wf/x? h:t} ahf/, oftfot, hgzlQm cflb kfO{g] x'bf pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd ;b/d'sfddf ;~rfng ug{' kg]{5 . t/, ;b/d'sfd aflx/sf cGo :yfgx?df klg lgDg k"j{wf/x? ePdf tflnd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . s'g} lsl;dsf] ;Lk ljsf;, tflnd ;~rfng ug{ k"j{ lbOg] o:tf] tflnd, tflnd ;~rfng x'g] h'g;'s} tflnd :yfg If]qx? x'g ;Sg]5g\ . ;fwf/0ftof tflnd ;~rfng :ynsf nfuL lgDg cg';f/sf] k"jf{wf/ ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -s_ ljQLo ;+w ;+:yf ePsf] . -v_ af6f], lah'nL, kfgL cflb cf}Bf]lus Jofj;flos k"j{wf/ ePsf] . -u_ Joj;fod"ns ;/sf/L / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+yfx? ePsf] . -3_ pko'Qm ahf/ Joj:yf ePsf] , -ª_ ljutdf pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd ;~rfng eO{ hgdfg;df /fd|f] k|efj k/L k'gM cfjZos 7xl/g uPsf] .%= ;"rgf k|sfz / cfj]bg ;+sng -!_ sfo{qmddf ;xeflutfsf] nflu :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|rf/ k|;f/ u/Lg]5 . ah]6sf] kl/lw leq /xL k|b]zsf] xsdf k|b]z :t/Lo tyf lhNnfsf] xsdf :yfgLo kq klqsf dfkm{t !% lbg ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/Lg]5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 ;d]t ;"rgf u/Lg]5 . al9 hg;Dks{ x'g] ;DalGwt sfo{nodf ;d]t ;"rgf 6fF; u/Lg] 5 . t/ ;Lk ljsf; tflnd lbgsf nflu 5gf}6 x'g] k|lzIffyL{x?sf] nflu k|lqmof z'? ug'{ kg]{ 5g\ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf adf]lhd nlIft ju{sf] ;xeflutfsf] nfuL tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq OR5's pBdzLn JolQmx?n] sfof{nodf cg';"rL ! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrf cfj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .^= tflnd cjlw -!_ tflnd cjlw !) sfo{ lbg -labfsf] lbg afx]s _ sf] x'g]5 . -@_ tflnd k|lt sIff !M#) 306fsf] b/n] b}lgs # sIff $M#) 306fsf] x'g]5 . &= k|lzIffyL{sf] cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotf M pBdzLntf tflnddf b]xfosf JolQmx? 5gf}6 x'g ;Sg]5g\ . -s_ g]kfnL gfu/Ls . -v_ !^jif{ k'/f u/]sf] . -u_ ;fwf/0f n]vk9 ug{ ;Sg] . -3_ pBf]u Joj;fo ug{ OR5's jf rln/x]sf] jf ?U0f pBf]usf] pBdL jf lj:tf/ tyf ljljlwsf/0f ug{ rfxg] pBdL Joj;foL .*= k|yldstf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ pBdzLntf tflnddf b]xfosf JolQmnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

70

-s_ dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if tyf o'jf nlIft r'gf}lt sf]if dfkm{t C0f :jLs[t ePsf pBdzLn JolQm . -v_ pBf]u Joj;fo ug{ OR5's JolQm jf cfˆgf] Jofj;fonfO{ ;kmntfsf ;fy ;~rfng ug{ rfxg] JolQm . -u_ ;–;fgf pBdL Joj;foLsx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] , :yfgLo a]/f]huf/nfO{ cfo j[l4 ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg u/fpg] , u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutfdf Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ OR5's JolQm . -3_ ljutdf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt jf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefuaf6 ;Lk ljsf; tflnd k|fKt u/]sf JolQmx? . -ª_ a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 1fg ;Lk k|fKt u/L :jb]zd} sfd ug{ rfxg] pBdzLn JolQm .(= k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}6 ;ldlt M -!_ k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}6sfnfuL b]xfo adf]hLdsf ;ldlt /xg]5g\ .-s_ k|b]z :t/ M -s_ k|d'v lgb]{zgfno – ;+of]hs -v_ k|ltlglw pBf]]u zfvf , dGqfno – ;b:o -u_ k|ltlglw, :yfgLo lgsfo – ;b:o -3_ ljifo ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf JolQm dWo af6 dGqfnon] lj1 – ;b:o -ª_ k|lzIf0f tyf k|j4{g zfvf k|d'v, lgb]{zgfno – ;b:o ;lrj -@_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf b"O{ hgf;Dd cGo lj1nfO{ cfdlGqt ug{ ;lsg]5 .-v_ lhNnf :t/ M -s_ sfof{no k|d'v – ;+of]hs -v_ k|ltlglw, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷:yfgLo tx – ;b:o -u_ k|ltlglw pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 jf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3 – ;b:o -3_ k|ltlglw g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt a}s -dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if÷o'jf pBdzLntd ljsf; sf]if x]g]{ a}s_ – ;b:o -ª_ k|lzIf0f tyf k|jw{g zfvf x]g]{ sd{rf/L – ;b:o ;lrj -@_ ;ldltsf] a}7s b"O{ hgf;Dd cGo lj1nfO{ cfdlGqt ug{ ;lsg]5 .!)= k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? M pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnddf ;xefuL x'g] k|lzIffyL{x?sf] 5gf]6 cfwf/ k|b]z:t/Lo n3' , 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%adf]lhd u/Lg]5 .!!= ;xhstf{;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lgb]{zfgno÷ sfo{noaf6 k|bfg u/Lg] h'g;'s} ;Lk ljsf; tflnd lbg' eGbf cufl8 jf pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd sfo{ pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu ljlwjt ?kdf dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if÷o'jf pBdzLntf nufgL r'gf}lt sf]if dfkm{t shf{ :jLs[t ePsfpBdlzn JolQmx?nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf !) lbg] pBdzLntf tflnd k|bfg ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg eP adf]lhd rfn' cf=j=sf] :jLs[t sfo{qmd s} ah]6 vr{af6 Joj:yfkg x'g] u/L To:tf tflnd lbg] bIf hgzlQmpTkfbg ug{sf nflu tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gfu/Lsx?nfO{ lgb]{zfgnoaf6 ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L rfn' cf=j= ;Ddsf nflu v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf/df cGt/jtf{ ljlw4f/f cg';'lr ^,&,/* adf]lhd pRrtd cs+ k|fKt ug]{ JolQmnfO{ gf=;'-tx,%_ ;/xsf] ;]jf ;'ljwf lbg] u/L cg';"rL % cg';f/sf] b/v:t kmf/d eg{ nufO{ s/f/ ;]jfdf pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/sf]] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df sfo{noaf6 lgo'lQm

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

71

u/L bIf k|lzIfs ;xhstf{sf] Joj:yf u/Lg]5 . lgo'lQm ePsf] ;xhstf{sf] sfo{ ;Gtf]if hgs gePdf lgh ;xh stf{nfO{ sfo{nosf] l;kmfl/;df lgb]{zgfnosf] x6fpg ;Sg]5 jf sfo{ cjlwd} ;xhstf{n] :jLR5fn] 5f]8]df afFsL cjlwsf] nflu lgb]{zgfnon] x6fpg ;Sg]5 jf sfo{ cjlwd} ;xhstf{ lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;xhstf{sf] sfo{ ;Gtf]if hgs ePdf / csf]{ cf=j= df klg sfo{qmd ah]6 Joj:yf ePdGqfno÷lgb]{zgfnosf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ sfo{non] csf]{ cf=j=df klg lghnfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg]5 .-@_ ;xhstf{ 5gf}6sf nflu b]xfo cg';f/sf] 5gf]6 ;ldlt /xg]5 -s_ k|d'v, lgb]{zgfno – ;+of]hs -v_ k|ltlglw, pBf]u zfvf, dGqfno – ;b:o -u_ k|ltlglw, cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno – ;b:o -3_ lj1 –ljifo ;DaGwL 1fg k|fKt, dGqfnon] tf]Sg]_ – ;b:o -ª_ k|lzIf0f tyf k|j4{g zfvf k|d'v, lgb]{zfgno – ;b:o ;lrj-#_ ;ldltsf] a}7s b'O{ hgf;Dd cGo lj1nfO{ cfdlGqt ug{ ;lsg]5 .!=@ ;xhstf{sf] of]Uotf M dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 slDtdf !)±@ jf ;f]] ;/x plQ0f{ u/LlbgpBdzLntf ljsf; sfo{qmd k|lzIf0f tflnd k|fKt g]kfnL gfu/Ls x'g' kg]{5 .!=# ;xhstf{sf] sfd stJo{ clwsf/ M ;xhstf{sf] sfd stJo{ / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]]lhd x'g]5 -s_ pBdzLn JolQmx?nfO{ pBdzLn ljsf; tflnd k|bfg ug]{ . -v_ k|To]s k|lzIffyL{sf] 3/ b}nf]df lg/Gt/ k'uL pBf]u Joj;fo ug{ k|]l/t ug]{ . -u_ k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ pBf]u :yfkgfy{ cfjZos kg]{ ;xof]u h'6fpg] dfWodsf] ?kdf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ . -3_ pBf]u ;'rf? /fVg cfjZos kg]{ ;xof]u h'6fpg] dfWodsf] ?kdf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .

v_ sfof{no k|d'v, a'l4lhjL, hg;fwf/0f;Fu ;f}xfb|k"0f{ Jojxf/ u/L tflndsf p2]Zox? k"lt{ u/fpg sfo{df ;xof]u ug{] . u_ tflnd ;dfKt ePkl5 tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf, k|To]s k|lzIffyL{n] /f]h]sf] pBf]u Joj;fo tflnd cufj Joj;fodf ;l/s eP ;f] sf] k|ult / tflnd ;dfKt ePkl5 lbg'kg{] ;xof]uaf/] k|i6 x'g] u/L cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfof{nodf tflnd k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg{]5 .

!(= sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg / d"Nofªsg ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] glthfdf cfwfl/t cg'udg tyf d"Nofªg lgb{]lzsf adf]lhd k|:t't\ sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg / d"Nofªg ug{ glthfdf cfwfl/t cg';"rL $ adf]lhd cg'udg tyf d"Nofªg k2ltsf] Joj:yf u/Lg]5 . -@_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf pBf]u :yfkgf k|j4{g u/LPsf] :ynd} uP/ dGqfno jf lgb{]zgfnoaf6 cg'udg lg/LIf0f ug{] / cfjZos ;'emfj k/fdz{ lbOg]5 .

kl/R5]b–tLg M ljljw Joj:yf@)= :jLs[t ah]6 cg'?k tflnd ;~rfng ug'{kg{] M tflndsf] nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6leq /lx sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/fO{ tflndsf] nflu o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd vr{ ug'{kg{]5 .

@!= o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ug{] M o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]lvt ljifosf] xsdf ;f]xL cg';f/ / gn]lvPsf

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

72

xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfnosf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb{]lzsf cg'?k u/L k|b]zsf] cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnosf] ;f] ;DaGwL lgb{]lzsf tof/ ePkl5 ;f]xL cg';f/ x'g]5 .@@= aflemPdf ug{] M o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]lvt ljifox? k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g;Fu aflemPdf aflemPsf]xb;Dd k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .@#= afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg M o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]lvt ljifodf s'g} afwf c8\sfp jf b'ljwf k/]df dGqfnon] cfjZos JofVof ug{]5 dGqfnon] u/]sf] JofVof clGtd x'g]5 .

cg';"rL !k|b]z ;/sf/

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnopBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd cfjb]g kmf/d

>L========================================dxf]bo,txfF sfof{noaf6==========================df ldlt=============b]lv ===============;Dd ;~rfng x'g] pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnddf ;xefuL eO{ tflnd kZrft\ pBf]u Joj;fo ug{] OR5f ePsf]n] g]kfnL gfu/Lstfsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxt of] cfj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' . != lgj]bssf] gfd, y/ M @= afa'sf] gfd #= klt jf kTgLsf] gfd M %= of]Uotf s_ :yfoL M u_ ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g g+= v_ c:yfoL M ^= pd]/ M &= lnË M k'?if÷dlxnf *= ljjflxt÷cljjflxt÷Psn M (= k]zf M !)= kl/jf/ ;+Vof M !!= kl/jf/sf] k]zf M !@= hftL M !#= tflnd kl5 Joj;fodf nufgL ug{ ;Sg]÷g;Sg] !$= o; cl3 s'g} tflnd lng' ePsf] 5÷5}g lnPsf] eP !$=! tflnd lbg] ;+:yf÷sfof{nosf] gfd M !$=@ tflnd ljifo M !$=# tflnd cjlw M !$=$ tflnd k|fKt ;Lksf] ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5÷5}g < !$=% tflnd k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkLM !%= tflnd lagf s'g} ;Lk hfg]sf] eP pNn]v ug{] < !^= of] tflnd cfjZos kg'{sf] sf/0f M tflnd kZrft tflnd lnPsf] ljifo cg';f/sf] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{] b[9 lgZro u/]sf] 5' . dfly pNn]lvt ljj/0fx? 7Ls b'?:t 5g\ .

gfd M b:tvt M 7]ufgf M ;Dks{ g+= M ldlt M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

73

cg';'rL @pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd ;~rfng -!) sfo{ lbg]_ tflndsf] kf7of]hgf

k|ltsIff !M#) 306fsf] ;do x'g]5 . k|ltlbg # j6f sIff ;~rfng x'g]5 . s_ pBdzLn JolQmTj ljsf; M–

s pBdzLn JolQmTj ljsf;

lbg ljifo ljifo ljifo

! kl/rofTds sfo{qmd -sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo_

cfzf ck]Iff ;+sng-tflndsf lgodx? _

d sf] xF' < -x' Pd cfO{_ cfTdljZn]if0f cEof;

@ cfTdljsf; -hf]xf]/L em\ofn cEof;_ hf]lvd axg cEof;

# jftfj/0f cg's'n Jojxf/ cEof; k|lt:kwf{ / ;dGjo cEof; win-win cEof;

$ nIo lgwf{/0f cEof; -6fj/ ljlN8Ë_ ;kmn pBdLsf cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg u]i6 sIff

;kmn pBdLsfljz]iftf÷P=Pd=6L= ;dli6s/0f

v kl/of]hgf klxrfg tyf 5gf}6 M–

% l;h{gzLntf M lqmol6eLl6 Joj;flos cj;/sf] klxrfg

dl:tis dGyg

^ jf;nft -JolQmut ;DklQ / bfloTj ljZn]if0f_

kl/of]hgfsf] k|f/lDes 5gf}6

pBf]u÷jfl0fHo btf{k|s[of M u]i6 sIf

& ;DefJo pBf]u af/] a}+s;Fu 5nkmn u]i6 sIff

kl/of]hgf ;'Id 5gf}6 Joj;fosf] v'=s=c=eljZn]if0f–;f]6 PgfnfO{;];

u= Joj:yfkg M

* Joj;fo Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ff ahf/, ahf/Ls/0f / ;ld>0f

( ahf/ /0fgLlt Joj;flos of]hgf

!) Joj;flos of]hgfsf] k|:t'tLs/0f n]vf tyf n]vfkfngsf] dxTj / vftfx?

Joj;flos sfo{of]hgf tof/L, tflnd d"NofÍg / tflnd ;dfkg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

74

cg';"rL #pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd k|ltj]bg

!= tflnd ;~rfng ePsf] lhNnf M@= tflnd ;~rfng ePsf] :yfg M#= tflnd z'? ldlt M$= tflnd ;dfkg ldlt M%= ;xeflu ;+Vof M^= tflnd ;DkGg ug{] ;+Vof M

;dfj]lztf dlxnf k'?if hDdf s}lkmot

blnt

cflbjf;L÷hghftL

dw]zL

ckfË

cGo

hDdf

&= tflnd d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df ;xefuLsf] wf/0ff M============================================================================================================================================================================================================*= tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf ;DaGwdf cg'b]zssf] wf/0ff M==================================================================================================================================================================================================(= pBdzLntf ljsf; tflndsf ;xefuLx?sf] sfo{of]hgf ;lxtsf] ljj/0f M

qm=;+= ;xeflusf] gfd

7]ufgf pd]/ xfnsf] k]zf

rfx]sf] Joj;fo -k|:tfljtJoj;fo_

;Dks{ g+=

s}lkmot

Joj;fosf] gfd

;~rfng :yfg

nufgL ?=

k|ltj]bg k]z ug{]!= cg'b]zs ============================ @= cg'b]zs=========================================b:tvt M================================= b:tvtM==============================================ldlt M===================================== ldlt M=====================================

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

75

cg';"rL $pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd d"Nof+sg kmf/d

-;xefuLx?n] eg{]_!= of] tflnd tkfO{nfO{ s:tf] nfUof] < w]/} pkof]uL pkof]uL l7s}@= of] tflndsf] s'g ljifoj:t' tkfO{nfO{ w]/} pkof]uL eof] / s] sf/0fn] n]Vg'xf];\ . pBdlzn JolQmTj ljsf; kl/of]hgf klxrfg tyf 5gf}6 cf}Bf]lus kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf

sf/0f M===================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

#= of] tflndnfO{ eljiodf cema9L k|efjsf/L agfpg tkfO{sf ;'emfjx? s–s] 5g\ < ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================$= k|lzIfsf] k|:t'lt w]/} /fd|f] /fd|f] l7s}%= tflnd cjlw nfdf] l7s} l56f]^= k|lzIf0f ljlw w]/} /fd|f] /fd|f] l7s}

k|ltkmn M k[i7kf]if0fsf] cfwf/df eljiodf ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

76

cg';'rL %-pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno÷pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qf lxt ;+/If0f lgb{]zgfno÷

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no÷ ljsf; ;ldlt_;xhstf{sf] nflu b/vf:t kmf/d

sfof{no k|of]hgsf nflukb M b/vf:t btf{ g+= M btf{ ldlt Mlj1fkgdf pNn]lvt k"0f{ ljj/0f :ki6 a'lemg] cIf/df n]Vg'xf];\ Mkb M–pDd]bjf/sf] k'/f gfd, y/ b]jgf/Ldf M=====================================================================================c+u|]hL 7"nf] cIf/df M===========================================================================================================lnË M============================== hflt M===================================hGd ldlt M=======================;fn========================dlxgf=======================ut] .gfu/Lstf g+= / lhNnf =========================================g=kf=÷uf=kf===========================j8f g+= ==========df]jfOn g+= M==================================Od]n M======================================kmf]g g+============================= afa'sf] gfd, y/ M======================================afh]sf] gfd, y/ M==================================================ljjflxtfsf xsdf klt÷kTgLsf] k"/f gfd, y/ M=========================================================================kfl/jfl/s k]zf M=============================================================cfkm' ;+nUg eP/ s'g} pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng u/]÷gu/]sf] < =====================================================pBf]u Joj;fo u/]sf] eP Joj;fosf] gfd M=============================================================================

z}lIfs of]Uotf M

qm=;+= cWoog u/]sf] ;+:yfgsf] gfd

pQL0f{ u/]sf] k/LIff

k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf] ldlt

>]0fL d'Vo ljifox? s}lkmot

!

@

#

tflndsf] ljj/0f M

qm=;+= tflnd lnPsf] ;+:yfsf] gfd

tflndsf] gfd tflndlnPsf] jif{

tflnd cjlw

tflnddf l;s]sf d'Vo ljifox?

s}lkmot

cg'ej M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

77

sfd u/]sf] ;+:yf

kb sfd u/]sf] cjlw

;f] kbdf /x]/ u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f

b/vf:t ;fy lgDg lnlvt sfuhftx? clgjfo{ ?kdf ;+nUg x'g'kg{]5 M s_ pd]/ v'n]sf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnkL . v_ g]kfnL gfu/Lstfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . u_ lj1fkg ePsf] kbsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] tyf tflnd k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL .

gfu/Lstfdf pNn]lvt eP eGbf xfnsf] 7]ufgf km/s ePdf a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] k|df0fkqsf]k|ltlnkL ;lxt cGt{jftf{ lbg pDd]bjf/ cfkm\gf] ;a} ;Ssn k|df0fkq ;lxt pkl:yt x'g'kg{]5 .

d}n] o; b/vf:tdf pNn]v u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0fx? zt{o 5g\ . k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd eljiodf gf]s/Lsf lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L gf]s/Laf6 avf{:t ePsf] 5}g / d]/f] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf c;/ kg{ ;Sg] s'g} s'/f n'sfPsf] 5}g . pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbOPsf] lgb{]zg d}n] /fd|/L k9]sf] 5' / d tL zt{x? kfng ug{ d~h'/ ub{5' .

NofKr] ;xL5fk

ldlt M===========================

==========================pDd]bjf/sf] ;xL

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

78

cg';

'rL ^

-pBf

]u, k

o{6g, j

g ty

f jftfj/

0f d

Gqfn

o÷pB

f]u, jfl0fHo

tyf pk

ef]Qmf

lxt

;+/If0f lgb

{]zgfno÷

3/]n' t

yf ;

fgf pB

f]u s

fof{n

o÷ ljs

f; ;

ldlt_

b/vf:t

kmf/fd

df p

Nn]lv

t Jo

lQmut

ljj/

0fsf cfw

f/df

tof/

u/LPsf] d"N

ofÍg

tfln

sf

qm=;

+=bt

f{÷/f]n g

+=pDd

]bjf/sf] gf

d, y/

ef}u

f]lns I

f]q%

z}lIfs

of]Uo

tf

!%cg'e

j!)

hDd

fs}lkmo

t

cÍd

fcIf/d

f

cGt

{jftf{s

f] cÍ

lb+bf r

fln; k

|ltzteGb

f sd /

;Q/L k

|ltzteGb

f a9

L lbPs

f] cj:

yfd

f k'i

6fO{

pNn

]v u

g'{kg{]5

.

tof

/ ug{]s

f]

k|d

fl0ft

ug{]s

f] b:

tvt

b:tvt M

gfd, y/

M

gf

d, y/

Mkb

M

kb

M

sfo

f{no

M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

79

cg';

'rL &

pBf]u, ko

{6g, jg

tyf j

ftfj/0

f dG

qfno÷

pBf]u, jfl0fHo

pkef

]Qmf

lxt

;+/If0f lgb

{]zgfno÷

3/]n' t

yf ;

fgf pB

f]u s

fof{n

o÷ljsf;

;ld

ltcGtjf{tf{ k

mf/fd

qm=;

+=bt

f{÷/f]n g

+=pDd

]bjf/sf] gf

d, y/

ljifo

j:t'sf]

1fg

sfd

k|ltsf] cle

?rL

pT;

fxJo

lQmt

jhDd

fs}lkmo

t

*^

^cÍd

fcIf/d

f

cGt

jf{tf{s

f] cÍ

lb+bf r

fln; k

|ltzteGb

f sd /

;Q/L k

|ltzteGb

f a9

L lbPs

f] cj:

yfd

f k'i

6fO{

pNn

]v u

g'{kg{]5

.

cGt

jf{tf{s

f/sf]

b:

tvt M

gf

d, y/

M

kb M

sfo

f{no

M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

80

cg';

'rL *

-pBf

]u, k

o{6g, j

g ty

f jftfj/

0f d

Gqfn

o÷pB

f]u, jfl0fHo

tyf pk

ef]Qmf

lxt

;+/lIft lgb

{]zgfno÷

3/]n' t

yf ;

fgf pB

f]u s

fof{n

o÷ljsf;

;ld

lt_

clGt

d glth

fsf nflu

tof/

u/LPsf] d"N

ofÍg

tfln

sf M

qm=;

+=bt

f{÷/f]n g

+=pDd

]bjf/sf] gf

d, y/

b/vf:t k

mf/fd

df

pNn

]lvt JolQmu

t

ljj/

0fsf cfw

f/df

k|fKt

cÍ

cGt

jf{tf{ jfkt

k|fKt

cÍ

hDd

fs}lkmo

t

#)@)

cÍd

fcIf/d

f

cGt

jf{tf{s

f] cÍ

lb+bf r

fln; k

|ltzt e

Gbf sd /

;Q/L k

|ltzteGb

f a9

L lbPs

f] cj:

yfd

f k'i

6fO{

pNn

]v u

g'{kg{]5

.tof

/ ug{]s

f]

k|d

fl0ft

ug{]s

f] b:

tvt

b:tvt M

gfd, y/

M

gf

d, y/

Mkb

M

kb

M

sfo

f{no

M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

81

@= pBdzLntfsf nflu o'jf nlIft r'gf}lt sf]if -;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw–@)&%

k|:tfjgf M /fli6«o o'jf gLlt @)^^ sf] efjgf adf]lhd :jb]zdf g} pBf]u Joj;fo u/L /x]sf jf ug{] x]t'n] s'g} tflnd u/L jf gu/L pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ vf]h]sf jf a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 s'g} ;Lk 1fg k|fKt u/L kmls{Psf o'jfx?n] :jb]zdf s'g} pBf]u Joj;fo u/L /x]sf jf ug{ rfx]sf o'jfx?sf] pgLx?sf] dfu / cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu o'jf nlIft r'gf}lt sf]if dfkm{t cfjZosLo pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd tyf pko'Qm ;Lk ljsf; tflndsf] ;d]t Joj:yfkg u/L o'jf pBdzLntfsf] k|j4{g, ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/fO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] cleofgdf o'jfx?nfO{ pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu ljgf lwtf] shf{ k|jfxdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] k|zf;sLo sfo{ ljlw lgoldt ug{] P]g @)!# sf] bkmf @ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ pkof]u u/L u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/ -dGqL:t/_ sf] :jLs[ltaf6 of] sfo{ljlw tof/u/LPsf]5 . != ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M != ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æo'jf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if -;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 .@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf M s_ sf]if eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd :yfkgf u/LPsf] sf]if ;Demg'kb{5 . v_ dGqfno eGgfn] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg'kb{5 . u_ lgb{]zgfno eGgfn] dGqfno cGtu{t pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb{]zgfno ;Demg' kb{5 . 3_ o'jf eGgfn] !^ jif{ b]lv $) jif{ leq pd]/ ;d"xsf g]kfnL gfu/LstfnfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 . ª_ sfof{no eGgfn] lgb{]zgfno dftxt lhNnf l:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no tyf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .

r_ ;+:yf eGgfn] k|nlrt sfg'g adf]lhd o'jfx?sf] gfddf btf{ eO{ :yfkgf ePsf] o'jfx?åf/f ;+rflnt pBf]u jf pBd jf Joj;fo ;Demg' kg{]5 .5_ ;ldlt eGgfn] bkmf & / bkmf ( adf]lhdsf k|b]z / lhNnf:t/Lo sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;Demg'kb{5 .

#= sf]ifsf] :yfkgf != o'jf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]ifsf] gfdn] Ps sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/LPsf] 5 @= sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd /xg]5 s= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt /sd v= k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|fKt /sd u= sf]ifsf] shf{ k|jfx tyf c;'nLaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;fFjf Jofhsf] /sd 3= s'g} :jb]zL ljb]zL, ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd ª= s'g} ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ;+:yf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf jf lgsfo jf JolQmaf6 cg'bfg rGbf ;xof]u :j?k k|fKt /sd #= ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ;+:yf jf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf jf lgsfo jf ljb]zL JolQm;Fu cfly{s ;|f]t, ;xof]u lng' cl3 g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfno / k|b]z ;/sf/ cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

82

$= sf]ifsf] p2]Zo != n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu o'jfx?nfO{ ;/n / ;xh 9+un] ljgf] lwtf] shf{ k|jfx ug{ .@= o'jfx?nfO{ pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; lj:tf/ Pj+ :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ;DaGwL k|j4{g ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg#= o'jfx?nfO{ shf{ k|jfx u/L pBdzLntffsf] dfWodaf6 pgLx?sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs :t/ psf:gsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg .$= n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] dfWodåf/f o'jfx?nfO{ :jb]zdf g} pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng k|lqmofdf ;+nUg u/fO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df lg?T;fxg ug{ .%= o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ pBdzLntfsf] dfkm{t ;Lk cg'zflzt{, g}ltjfg\, rl/qjfg\ / Ifdtfjfg agfpg

%= sf]ifsf] /sd j[l4 ug{ ;Sg] M k|b]z ;/sf/n] aflif{s ah]6 jf ;do ;dodf k|b]z /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L sf]ifsf] /sddf cfjZostf cg';f/ j[l4 ug{ ;Sg]5 .^= sf]ifsf] k|of]u

!= o'jfx?nfO{ :jb]zdf g} pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng tyf cfw'lgs k|ljlw ljsf; tyf x:tfGt/0fsf nflu sfo{df ;/n / ;'ne tl/sfaf6 ljgf lwtf] shf{ k|jfx ug{] .@= o'jfx?nfO{ pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu shf{ k|jfx :jLs[t e};s]kl5 pBf]u Joj;fo z'? ug'{ eGbf cuf8L pBdzLntf ljsf;sf nflu clgjfo{ ?kdf pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd k|bfg ug{ . #= sf]ifsf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf lk|mh x'g]5}g .$= sf]ifsf] /sd g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 :jLs[t k|fKt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt a}+s dWo] s'g Ps a}+sdf vftf vf]nL hDdf u/Lg]5 .%= sf]ifsf] /sd o'jf pBdL dfkm{t nufgL u/Lg]5 .^= sf]ifsf] /sd a}+sn] nufgL tyf c;'nL u/] afkt nufgL u/]sf] /sdsf] tLg k|ltzt sd ;DalGwt a}+snfO{ ;~rfng Pj+ k|zf;lgs vr{sf] ?kdf lbOg]5 .&= nufgL ug{ nufgL tyf c;'nLsf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg / Joj:yfkg sfo{sf nflu sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] kfFr k|ltzt;Dd dfq ;ldlt dfkm{t vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .*= sf]ifsf] vftf ;~rfng bkmf & adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs / pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb{]zgfnosf] cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf k|d'vsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 ;~rfng x'g]5 .

&= sf]if ;~rfng M !_ sf]if ;~rfngsf nflu k|b]z :t/df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps k|b]z sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /xg]5 .

s_ lgb{]zs M pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb{]zgfno – ;+of]hs v_ ljifo lj1, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 tf]lsPsf – ;b:o u_ zf=c=– pBf]u, ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] pBf]u zfvf – ;b:o 3_ k|ltlglw clws[t :t/ M ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnosf] sd{rf/L – ;b:o

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

83

ª_ k|ltlglw clws[t :t/ M cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnosf] – ;b:o r_ k|ltlglw clws[t :t/ M g]kfn /fi6« a}+s –;b:o 5_ k|ltlglw pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 k|b]z :t/ – ;b:o h_ k|ltlglw g]kfn 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3 k|b]z:t/ – ;b:o em_ lgb{]zgfnosf pBf]u x]g{] sd{rf/L – ;b:o@= k|b]z ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if1nfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .#= k|b]z ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g]5 .$ k|b]z ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} Jojl:yt ug{]5 .

*= k|b]z sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ != sf]ifsf] clwstd\ / k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{sf] nflu k|b]z :t/sf ;Da4 lgsfox? jLr cfjZos ;dGjo ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ .@= o'jfx?nfO{ pBd :yfkgf ljsf; lj:tf/ tyf k|j4{g ug{] tkm{ cfslif{t ug{ cfjZostfg';f k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ . #= shf{ dfusf] nflu lhNnfaf6 k|fKt lgj]bgx?sf] 5fgljg u/L pko'Qm b]lvPsf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg :jLs[t lbg] $= shf{ k|jfx tyf c;'nLsf] lg/LIf0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{] jf ug{ nufpg] / k|fKt lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df cfjZostfg';f/ dGqfnonfO{ ;'emfj ;Nnfx lbg] .%= shf{ k|jfx tyf c;'nL ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPsf] lhNnfsf shf{ k|jfx ug{ k'g/fnf]jg ug{], /f]Ssf ug{], aGb ug{] jf cGo cfjZos sf/afxL ug{] ^= shf{ k|jfxfsf] nflu cg';'rL–! sf] cfwf/df lhNnf 5gf}6 ug{] .&= sf]ifsf] jflif{s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] .*= sf]]ifaf6 ePsf] shf{ k|jfx tyf c;'nL nufotsf cGo sfd sf/jfxLsf] ;DaGwdf aflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L dGqfno ;dIf k]z ug{] .(= sf]ifaf6 shf{ k|jfx ug{] /sdsf] ;Ldf a9fpg] jf 36fpg l;kmfl/; ug{] .!)= sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ pk;ldlt u7g ug{] .!!= sf]if Joj:yfkg lhNnf ;ldltnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;'emfj tyf lgb{]zg lbg] .!@= shf{ nufgL tyf c;'nL ug{sf] nflu a}+s;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{] .!#= shf{ k|jfx ug{] cg'dlt kfPsf] a}+sn] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfd u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf lg/LIf0f ug{] / cfjZostfg';f/ a}+snfO{ ;'emfj lbg] .

(= sf]if Joj:yfkg lhNnf ;ldlt M != pBdzLn o'jfx?nfO{ ;xh, ;/n / k|efjsf/L ?kdf shf{ k|jfx u/L sf]ifsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug{ tyf ;3fpg k'¥ofpgsf] nflu lhNnf:t/df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lhNnf ;ldlt /xg]5 M s_ sfof{nosf] k|d'v – ;+of]hs v_ k|ltlglw, sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{no – ;b:o u_ k|ltlglw, lhNnf l:yt shf{ k|jfx ug{] cg'dlt kfPsf] a}+s – ;b:o 3_ k|ltlglw, lhNnf l:yt pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 – ;b:o ª_ k|ltlglw, lhNnf l:yt g]kfn 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3 jf lhNnf l:yt n3' pBdL ;+3 g]kfn – ;b:o

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

84

r_ k|ltlglw lhNnfl:yt ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno – ;b:o5_ sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] sfof{nosf] sd{rf/L – ;b:o–;lrj

@= lhNnf ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if1nfO{ a}7sdf cfdlGqt ug{ ;Sg]5 . #= lhNnf ;ldltsf] a}7s dlxgfsf] Ps k6s a:g]5 . $= lhNnf ;ldltn] k|b]z ;ldltsf] lgb{]zgsf] clwgdf /xL cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw cfk}m+ Jojl:yt ug{]5 .!)= sf]if Joj:yfkg lhNnf ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ != sf]ifsf] pkof]u u/L o'jfnfO{ pBd :yfkgf, ljsf;, lj:tf/ tyf k|j4{g ug{] tkm{ cfslif{t ug{ k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] .

@= sf]ifaf6 shf{ lng rfxg] pBdLsf] lgj]bg lng] .#= shf{ dfusf] nflu k|fKt ePsf cfj]bg k|:tfj cg';"rL @ sf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L l;kmfl/; ;lxt cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu k|b]z ;ldltdf k7fpg], o;/L l;kmfl/; ubf{ shf{sf] nflu k|Kt ePsf lgj]bgx?dWo] 4Gb kLl8t ckfË, Psn dlxnf, ;LdfGs[t, cNk;+Vos o'jfåf/f ;~rfng u/Lg] pBdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg{]5 .$= sf]ifaf6 k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ nufgL tyf c;'nL ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPdf k|b]z ;ldltdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] .%= sf]ifaf6 k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ nufgL tyf c;'nLsf] lg/LIf0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{] .^= lhNnfsf] nflu cfjZos kg{] shf{ ;Ldf tyf cGo ljifodf k|b]z ;ldltnfO{ ;'emfj lbg] .&= shf{ k|jfx ePsf ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f u/L cfjZostfg';f/ o'jf pBdLnfO{ k/fdz{ lbg] .*= lhNnfdf ePsf shf{ nufgL tyf c;'nLsf] k|ult ljj/0f rf}dfl;ssf] clGtd lbg l56f] ;fwgåf/f k|b]z ;ldltdf k7fpg] .

(= k|b]z ;ldltaf6 shf{ :jLs[t ePsf hfgsf/L ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ tTsfn lbg] . !)= pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu shf{ k|jfx dfu ug{] o'jf pBdzLn shf{ dfu kmf/d lgj]bg eg{, Joj;flos kl/of]hgf -:sLd_, Joj;flos of]hgf (Business Plan) agfpgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

!!= shf{ cfj]bg / shf{ k|jfx ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw!= sf]ifaf6 shf{ lng rfxg] o'jfx?n] cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhftx? ;+nUg /fvL ;DalGwt sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg{]5 . s_ cfkm'n] ug{ rfx]sf] Joj;fo jf pBdsf] ljj/0f v_ shf{ nufgL ug{] k|:tfljt pBf]u Joj;fo jf pBdsf] of]hgf -l:sd_ tyf Joj;flos of]hgf (Business Plan) u_ shf{ nufgL ug{ dfu u/]sf] /sd 3_ gfu/Lstf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL ª_ h'g pBf]u Joj;fo jf pBddf btf{ nufgL ug{ rfx]sf] xf] ;f] ;+:yf k|rlnt sfg'g adflhd btf{, gjLs/0f ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL @= pkbkmf ! adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt sfof{non] k|fKt lgj]bg /Ltk"j{s eP gePsf] x]/L l/t gk'u]sf] ePdf l/t k'¥ofO{ Nofpg ;DalGwt lgj]bgstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

85

#= sfof{nodf k|fKt lgj]bgx?sf] lhNnf ;ldltn] cfjZos 5fgljg u/L pko'Qm b]lvPsf lgj]bg k|b]z ;ldltdf l;kmfl/; ;lxt k7fpg'kg{]5 .$= shf{ dfusf] ;DaGwdf lhNnf ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]sf] ldltn] tLg lbg leq cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt k|b]z ;ldlt ;lxt k7fpg'kg{]5 .%= k|b]z ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt ePsf lgj]bgx? dWo] :jLs[t ePsf lgj]bg k|b]z ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/]sf] ;ft lbg leq ;DalGwt lhNnf ;ldlt / ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] shf{ nufgL ug{] a}+sdf k7fpg' kg{]5 .^= ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] shf{ :jLs[t u/]sf] hfgsf/L lhNnf ;ldltaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] Ps dlxgf leqdf sfof{nosf] kq;fy ;DalGwt a}+sdf :jLs[t shf{sf] /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu dfu ug'{kg{]5 . tflsPsf] ;do leq dfu gu/]df shf{ k|jfx ug{ a}+s afWo x'g]5}g . o;/L dfu u/]sf tLg lbgleq ;DalGwt a}+sn] ;DalGwt pBf]u Joj;fosf cflwsfl/s JolQmnfO{ shf{ nufgLsf] /sd e'QmfgL lbg'kg{]5 .&= sf]ifaf6 nufgL x'g] shf{sf] Jofh % k|ltzt x'g]5 .*= sf]ifaf6 shf{ nufgL ePsf] /sdsf] ;fFjf, Jofh e'QmfgL ug{] cjlw # jif{sf] x'g]5 .(= sf]ifaf6 lnPsf] shf{ nufgLsf] e'QmfgL tl/sf / tflnsf ;DalGwt a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .!)= sf]ifaf6 shf{ nufgL ubf{ ;DalGwt pBf]un] l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] /f]huf/Lsf] ;+VofnfO{ cfwf/ dflgg]5 .

!@= n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf sf]ifsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd dxfn]vfk/LIfs jf dxfn]vfkl/Ifsn] tf]s]sf]n]vfk/LIfsaf6 u/fpg'kg{]5 .!#= cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f != shf{ nufgLsf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f lgb{]zgfno, jf sfof{no jf tf]lsPsf] cGo lgsfon] ;+o'Qm ?kdf jf 5'6\6f 5'6\6} ?kdf ug{ ;Sg]5 . @= pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg dGqfnodf k]z ug'{kg{]5 . #= pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ubf{ shf{ lnPsf] pBf]u Joj;fon] s'g} ;'wf/ ug'{kg{] egL ;'emfj lbPdf ;'emfj pko'Qm b]lvPdf To:tf] ;'emfj kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt pBf]u Joj;fosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . $= shf{ k|jfxnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{non] cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf shf{k|jfx ePsf pBdL Joj;foLsf] gfd / cGo ljj/0f 6fF; ug'{kg{]5 .!$= aflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!= sf]if Joj:yfkg lhNnf ;ldltn] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df sf]ifsf] nufgL ePsf] shf{ /sd, shf{ lkmtf{ ePsf] /sd, shf{ nufgL ePsf pBf]ux?sf] j:t'l:ylt ;lxtsf] aflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k|b]z sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k7fpg'kg{]5 .@= k|b]z sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfly{s jif{df sf]ifaf6 nufgL ePsf] shf{ / sd, shf{ lkmtf{ ePsf] /sd, shf{ nufgL ePsf pBf]ux?sf] j:t'l:ylt ;d:of / ;'emfj ;lxtsf] aflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

86

!%= k|f]T;fxg lbg ;lsg] sf]ifaf6 shf{ lnPsf] /sd ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] lgwf{l/t ;do leq shf{sf] ;fFjf Jofh e'QmfgL u/]df To:tf o'jf pBdLnfO{ Jofhsf] @) k|ltzt /sd 5'6 lbOg]5 .!^= a}+ssf] bfloTj

!= sfof{nosf] kq;fy shf{ e'QmfgL dfu ug{] ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] cflwsfl/s JolQmnfO{ shf{ /sdsf] jLdf ug{ cfkm}+n] ;xhLs/0f u/]/ aLdf u/fO{ :jLs[t shf{sf] /sd e'QmfgL lbg] .@= sf]ifaf6 k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ nufgL tyf c;'nLsf] ;DaGwdf ;do ;dodf cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f u/L shf{ lnPsf ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;'emfj lbg] .#= sf]ifaf6 k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ nufgL tyf c;'nL ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvPdf lhNnf ;ldltdf hfgsf/L u/fpg]$= sf]ifaf6 lnPsf] shf{sf] e'QmfgL tl/sf / tflnsf agfO{ shf{ nufgL tyf c;'n pk/ ug{],

!&= tflnd k|bfg ug'{kg{] o; sf]ifaf6 C0f :jLs[t ePsf pBf]u Joj;foLx?nfO{ pBf]u ;~rfng k|lqmofdf cfpg' eGbf cuf8L dGqfno jf lgb{]zgfno jf sfof{nosf] clgjfo{ ?kdf !) lbg] pBdzLntf ljsf; OG6/k|]g/;Lk 8]enkd]G6 k|f]u|fd (EDP) tflnd k|bfg ug'{kg{]5 . EDP tflnd lbg] hgzlQm ahf/df kof{Kt dfqfdf pknAw gx'g] x'Fbf To:tf] pBdzLntf ljsf; k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f OG6/k|]g/;Lk 8]enkd]G6 k|f]u|fd 6]«lgª ckm 6]«g;{ (EDP-TOT) tflnd k|fKt hgzlQm pTkfbgsf] nflu dGqfno jf lgb{]zgfnodf 5'§} ah]6sf] Joj:yf eP ;f]xL ah]6df geP z'? cfly{s jif{ cf=j= )&%÷)&^ sf nflu sf]ifdf ePsf] /sdsf] !)Ü df ga9fO{ EDP-TOT/EDP tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{]5 eg] sfo{non] lhNnfdf :jLs[t ePsf] pBdzLntf ljsf; tflnd sfo{qmd ah]6af6 EDP tflnd ;~rfng ug'{kg{]5 .!*= shf{ r'Qmf cjlw # jif{sf] x'g]5 . Ps k6s shf{ lnO{ ;s]kl5 # jif{;Dd yk shf{ pknAwu/fO{g] 5}g .!*= ljljw

!= sf]ifn] pknAw u/fPsf] shf{ /sd tf]s]sf] ;dodf glt/]df ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] k|d'vaf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ u/Lg]5 . @= s'g} lhNnfdf ljdf ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf gePdf sf]if Joj:yfkg lhNnf ;ldltn] ;DalGwt a}+snfO{ aLdf cfjZos gkg{] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ shf{sf nflu l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .#= o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd sf]ifaf6 pBdLnfO{ Ps k6sdf ! nfv b]lv % nfv ?k}ofF;Dd shf{ k|jfx u/Lg]5 .

!(= cg';"rLdf ;+zf]wg k|b]z ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ cg';'rLdf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .@)= afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] jf Joj:yf ug{] clwsf/

o; sfo{ljlwsf] sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} b'ljwf k/]df afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] jf Joj:yf ug{] clwsf/ dGqfnonfO{ x'g]5 . o; sfo{ljlwsf] ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] u/]sf] JofVof clGtd g} x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

87

cg';'rL !bkmf ( ;Fu ;DalGwtlhNnf 5gf}6sf] cfwf/

sf]ifsf] /sd shf{k|jfx ug{sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf cfwf/df s]lGb|o ;ldltn] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L lhNnf 5gf}6 ug{]5 M

!= k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u@= lk5l8Psf] ef}uf]lns If]q#= :yfgLo pkef]u$= sfof{noaf6 ;~rflnt j:t' ljsf; ;]jf s]Gb|;Fusf] ;DaGw%= sfof{noaf6 k|bfg u/Lg] ;]jf;Fusf] ;DaGw^= sfof{noaf6 tyf 3/]n' ;fgf pBf]u k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 pknAw u/fpg] ;]jf;Fu ;DaGw

cg';"rL @pBd 5gf}6sf] cfwf/

-bkmf !) ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ljifo k|fKtfÍ

!= :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]u @) c+s@= tflnd k|fKt pBdL !) c+s#= s[lifdf cfwfl/t /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u @) c+s$= 4G4kLl8t, ckfË Psn dlxnf, ;LdfGts[t cNk;+Vos @) c+s %= lbuf]kgf !) c+s = /f]huf/L l;h{gf !) c+s &= k|b'if0f lgoGq0f !) c+s hDdf !)) c+s

cg';"rL #shf{ dfusf] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf-bkmf !! ;Fu ;DalGwt_

-of] kmf/fd eg{ sfof{nosf sd{rf/Ln] ;xof]u ug{]5g\_>L sfof{no k|d'vHo",3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no÷ljsf; ;ldlt===============================lhNnf

ljifo M shf{ dfu ;DaGwdf .dxf]bo, lgDg lnlvt ljj/0f adf]lhdsf] pBf]u :yfkgf÷;~rfng÷lj:tf/ ug{ shf{sf] nflu of] lgj]bg u/]sf] 5'÷5f}+ . k]z u/LPsf] ljj/0f l7s 5 . e'm§f 7x/]df k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;xF'nf a'emfpFnf .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

88

!= pBf]usf] gfd M@= p2]Zo M#= pBf]u /x]sf] :yfg M s= c~rn M v= lhNnf M u= gu/÷ufpF M 3= j8f g+=÷ls=g+=$= pBf]usf] :t/ M -lrGx nufpg]_ s= n3' - _ v= 3/]n' - _ u= ;fgf - _%= pBf]usf] ju{ -lrGx nufpg]_ s= lghL - _ v= ;fem]bf/L - _ u= k|f=ln= - _ ^= pBf]usf] ju{ -lrGx nufpg]_ s= pTkfbgd"ns - _ v= phf{d"ns - _ u= s[lif tyf jghGo - _ 3= vlgh - _ ª= ko{6g - _ r= ;]jf - _ 5= lgdf{0f - _ h= cGo - _&= C0f dfu ug{] lgj]bssf] k'/f gfd, y/ M 7]ufgf M b:tvtM*= kF"hL nufgL M s= l:y/ k"FhL d"No s}lkmot hldg ====================== ========================== =========================== ejg ======================= ========================== =========================== d]l;g cf}hf/================= ========================= ============================= kmlg{r/ lkmSr/============= ========================= ============================ cGo============================ ========================= ============================= hDdf M v= rfn' k"FhL=============== ======================= ============================== u= s"n k"FhL================ ======================= ==============================(= pBf]u btf{ g+= ======================== ldlt ========================== gjLs/0fsf] cjlw =========================gjLs/0f ePsf] ldlt ======================!)= dfu u/LPsf] shf{ /sd s= l:y/ k"FhL =========================== ============================ ====================== v= rfn' kF"hL============================ ========================== ====================== u= s'n k"FhL============================= =========================== ======================!!= shf{sf] pkof]u u/Lg] If]qx?!!=! k"FhL tyf Ifdtf j[l4 eP -k"FhL a[l4sf] nflu_ l:y/ k"FhL sRrf kbfy{ d]l;g cf}hf/ cGo hDdf ;fljs================= ================= ============== ============= k|:tfljt==================== ================ ============== ============= s'n kF'hL ?= ============= != l:y/ k"FhL ?= =================@= rfn' kF"hL ?= ==================

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

89

!!=@ pBf]uaf6 x'g] pTkfbg÷;]jfsf] ljj/0f qj:t' pTkfbg÷;]jf OsfO{ aflif{s Ifdtf d"No !_===================== ================= ================= ======================== @_===================== ================= ================= ======================== #_===================== ================== ================= ======================== $_==================== ================= ================ =========================!!=# pBf]uaf6 x'g] pTkfbg ;]jfsf] ljj/0f -aflif{s_ -Ifdtf a[l4sf] nflu_;fljs÷k|:tfljt sfod ug{]j:t'÷;]jf OsfO{ aflif{s Ifdtf j:t'÷;]jf OsfO{ aflif{s Ifdtf != != @= @= #= #= $= $= !!=$ k"FhL j[l4÷Ifdtf j[l4sf] sf/0f != @= #= $=!@= sRrf kbfy{sf] ljj/0f aflif{s kl/df0f d"No != @= #= $= %= !#= d]l;g pks/0f qm=;+= ljj/0f ;+Vof k|lt OsfO{ d"No hDdf d"No ljB't zlQm -ls=jf=_ ;|f]t!= ========== ======== ============= =============== ============== ====================@ ========== ======== ============= =============== ============== ====================# ========== ======== ============= =============== ============== ====================$ ========== ======== ============= =============== ============== ====================% ========== ======== ============= =============== ============== ====================hDdf!$= hgzlQm k|fljlws M ck|fljlws cGo hDdf ;+Vof

!%= l;kmfl/; ug{] ;+:yf -;+3 jf dxf;+3_lgj]bssf] kqfrf/sf] 7]ufgf MlhNnf M g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= Mj8f g+= M Ans g+= Mkmf]g g+= M km\ofS; M Od]n M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

90

•

!%= ;Dks{ JolQmsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / kmf]g g+= M!^= nf]s];g Dofk M

!&= zt{{ kfngf af/] M != pBf]u ;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0f k|b'if0f x'g] lbg] 5}g . @= sfof{non] dfu u/]sf] ljj/0f / tYof+sx? dfu]sf] avt pknAw u/fpg]5' . #= pBf]u ;~rfng ls6fg u/LPsf] :yfgdf pBf]u ;~rfng ug{]5' . $= pBf]u btf{ ;~rfng ls6fg u/LPsf] p2]Zo ljkl/t sfd ug{] 5}g . %= cGo lgsfoaf6 ;d]t cg'dlt lng' kg{] eP cg'dlt lnO{ sfo{ ;~rfng ug{]5' . ^= pBf]u ;~rfng ubf{ afn dhb'/ k|of]u ug{] 5}g . &= 3/ tyf hUuf vl/bsf] nflu shf{ u/Lg]5}g .

cleefjssf] gfd M lgj]bssf] gfd M7]ufgf M gftf M 7]ufgf M

cf}7fsf] 5fk M cf}7fsf] 5fk M bf= af= bf= af=

ldlt M============================gf]6 M != s'g} dxndf ljj/0f gc6fPdf 5'6} sfuhdf n]lv ;+nUg ug'{xf]nf .@= of] lgj]bg;fy lgDg sfuhx? ;+nUg ug'{kg{]5 . s= ;DalGwt JolQmsf] gfu/Lstf k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . v= ;fem]bf/L kmd{sf] xsdf ;fem]bf/L sa'lnotgfdf u= k|f=ln= jf klAns k|f=ln= sf] xsdf k|aGw kq, lgodfjnL, sDkgL btf{sf] k|df0fkq, sDkgL btf{ kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . 3= pBf]u cfkm\g} 3/÷hUufdf :yfkgf x'g] eP hUufwgL k'hf{, ef8fdf eP l/tk"j{s ef8f ;Demf}tfkq ª= pBf]usf] p2]Zo / k|s[lt x]/L cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .

r s'g} ;Lk ljsf; tflnd;Fu jf a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 1fg / ;Lksf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt pBf]u Joj;fo ug{] xf] eg] ;f] sf] k7\ofO{ ljj/0f .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

91

9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf pTvgg, ;+sng, qml;Ë / ljqmLljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf / ;~rfngnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{] sfo{ljlw–@)&%

k|:tfjgf M 9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ h:tf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ afG5gLo ePsf]n] s/ tyf u}x| s/ /fhZj ;DaGwL P]g @)&% sf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf % n] lbPsfclwsf/ k|of]u u/L u08sL k|b]z, k|b]z ;/sf/n] of] sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 .

;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æ9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], bxQ/ axQ/ nufotsf k|fs[lts;|f]tsf] pTvgg, ;+sng, k|zf]wg, ljqmLljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]u Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 . @_ of] sfo{ljlw u08sL k|b]z e/ nfu' x'g]5 . #_ of] sfo{ljlw k|b]z ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] :jLs[t u/]sf] ldlt b]lv nfu' x'g]5 .@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf M s_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] u08sL k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, ag tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg'k5{ . v_ æ9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/Æ eGgfn] gbL, vf]nf, vf]N;L, jg If]q jf

;fj{hlgs jf lghL hUufaf6 pTvgg jf ;+sng u/Lg] ax'd"No kTy/, P]ltxfl;s / ;f+:s[lts dxTjsf zfnLu|fd, lznf / clt d"Nojfg j:t' afx]ssf 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf÷ /f]8f, u]u|fg, r§fg,df6f], r'g9'+uf, :n]6 9'+uf h:tf gbLn] aufO{ NofPsf] jf lylu|Psf] gbL tyf vfgLhGo k|fs[lts ;|f]tnfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 .u_ ædfkb08Æ eGgfn] bkmf !! adf]lhdsf] dfkb08 ;Demg'k5{ .

3_ æcg'udg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf !@ adf]lhdsf] k|fb]lzs jf lhNnf jf :yfgLo txsf] cg'udg ;ldlt ;Demg'kb{5 . ª_ æk|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0fÆ eGgfn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# adf]lhdsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f eGg] ;Demg'kb{5 . r_ æjftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sgÆ eGgfn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# adf]lhdsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg eGg] ;Demg'kb{5 . 5_ æpBf]uÆ eGgfn] 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ ;+sng u/L 6'qmofpg],

k'm6fpg] jf k]Ng] jf slDtdf Ps tx k|zf]wg ug{] d]lzg cf}hf/ hl8t pBf]unfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 / ;f] zAbn] qm;/ pBf]u÷lkm/lkm/], l/kmfO{g/L ug{] pBf]u ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .h_ æ3f6u2LÆ eGgfn] 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ ;+sng jf pTvgg jf k|zf]wg u/L gfk k}dfO{; ug{ jf c:yfoL e08f/0fsf nflu tf]lsPsf] :yfgnfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 .em_ æ/fhZjÆ eGgfn] 9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ cflb ;+sng u/] afkt k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg' kg{] ;/sf/L /fhZj ;Demg'k5{ .`_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #)^ adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo tx ;Demg'kb{5 .

#= cg'dlt lng' kg{] M !_ qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cg';"rL ! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf cg'dltsf nflu b/vf:t lbg'kg{]5 .@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t lbg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] cg';"rL–@

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

92

adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng cg'dlt kq lbg]5 .#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'dltsf nflu b/vf:t lb+bf k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gsf tf]lsPsf zt{ aGb]hsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf dfkb08 / zt{x? k'/f u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . s_ pBf]u :yfkgf ubf{ k|rlnt jftfj/0f sfg"g adf]lhd pBf]usf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg jf k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f :jLs[t ePsf] k|df0f ;+nUg x'g'kg{] . v_ pBf]un] k|fKt ug{] sRrf kbfy{sf] ;|f]t v'nfO{ To:tf ;|f]t wgLsf] sRrf kbfy{ pknAw ufpg] :jLs[lt lnPsf] k|df0f ;+nUg x'g'kg{] . u_ qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf ug{] :ynsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt GPS Point lglb{i6 u/]sf] x'g'kg{] .$_ ;flasdf :yfgLoo lgsfoaf6 cg'dlt lnO{ jf :yfgLo lgsfon] cfkm} 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t u/L ;~rfngdf /x]sf pBf]ux?n] @)&% ;fn >fj0f ! ut]b]lv :yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;+/rgf e} sfod ePsf] :yfgLo txsf] ;xdlt lng'kg{]5 . %_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ cflb pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/ ubf{ :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] e"–pkof]u gLlt cg';f/ o; k|of]hgsf] nflu 5'§fOPsf] hUufdf dfq pTvgg ug]{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5g\ .$= sfo{of]hgf agfpg] M -!_ k|To]s :yfgLo txn] b]xfosf s'/fx? ;dfj]z u/L 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg / ;+sng ;DaGwL aflif{s ?kdf sfo{of]hgf agfpg'kg{]5 . s_ pTvgg / ;+sng ug{ x'g] / gx'g] If]q . v_ k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu rflxg] kl/df0f / ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf . u_ e08f/0f jf 3f6u2L :yn . 3_ ;+sngsf] ljlw / pkof]u x'g] d]lzg cf}hf/ . ª_ :yfgLo txn] k|fKt ug{] cg'dflgt cfly{s nfe .@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] sfo{of]hgf ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] ;efdf k]z ug'{kg{]5 .#_ 9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg / ;+sng ;DaGwdf :yfgLo txaf6 tof/ kf/LPsf] aflif{s sfo{of]hgfnfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] ;efn] :jLs[t ug{]5 .

%= jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoog M-!_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg / ;+sng ug{] :yfgLo txn] To;/L pTvgg ;+sng ug'{ cl3 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg u/fpg'kg{]5 .-@_ 9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng÷k|zf]wg / laqmLljt/0f ug{] qm;/ pBf]usf] ;~rfng ug'{ k"j{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|f/lDes÷jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg u/fpg' kg{]5 .-#_ ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx / 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng, k|zf]wg / laqmLljt/0f ug{] qm;/ pBf]un] 9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg / ;+sng ubf{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgdf cf}NofO{Psf ;'wf/fTds / k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{] pkfosf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg{]5 .-$_ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg :jLs[t gu/L ;~rfng ePsf qm;/ pBf]unfO{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;~rfngdf /f]s nufO{ Ps k6ssf] nflu lglZrt cjlw

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

93

tfls To:tf] jftfj/0fLo cWoog u/fO{ :jLs[lt kfPdf k'gM ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .

^= 9'+uf, lu§L, jfn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg / ;+sng -!_ /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf cf/If If]q leqaf6 9'+uf, lu§L, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ h:tf glbhGo kbfy{sf pTvgg / ;+sng ug{ kfO{g]5}g . -@_ lgs'~h jf cf/If If]qsf] dWojtL{ If]q / ;+/If0f If]qaf6 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ pTvgg tyf ;+sng ug'{kg{] ePdf ;DalGwt lgs'~h jf cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]q sfof{nosf] aflif{s of]hgf / k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg :jLs[t u/fO{ pTvgg ;+sng ug{ ;Sg]5 . #_ /fli6«o jg, /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, dWojtL{ If]q, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f If]q tyf r'/] >[+vnf / cGo ;+j]bgzLn If]qaf6 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg ubf{ 8f]h/, :S;fe]6/, nf]8/ h:tf x]eL OSo"kd]G6 k|of]u ug{ kfO{g]5}g . cGo If]qsf] xsdf :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf d]lzg cf}hf/ dfq k|of]u ug'{kg{]5 . $_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg, ;+sng ubf{ df6f], kfgL, s[lifof]Uo hldg, h}ljs ljljwtf h:tf k|fs[lts jftfj/0f tyf ;8s, gx/, s'nf], :s'n, sn]h, dfgjj:tL h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZos k/]df k|b]z ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L k|b]zleqsf] s'g} gbL jf vf]nf If]qnfO{ rf/ lsNnf v'nfO{ lglZrt cjlwsf nflu ;+j]bgzLn If]q 3f]if0ff u/L 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg / ;+sngdf /f]s nufpg ;Sg]5 . %_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg tyf ;+sng sfo{ c;f/ ! ut] b]lv efb+ !% ut];Dd ug{ kfO{g]5}g . ^_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg tyf ;+sng sfo{ ;'of{:t b]lv ;'of{]bo gx'Fbf;Dd ug{ kfO{g]5}g . &_ o; sfo{ljlwdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg af9L, klx/f], 8'jfgn] /fhdfu{, v]taf/L, ufpF, a:tL, zx/ ahf/, kSsL k'n h:tf If]qdf y'kf/]sf] 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f]r§fg,bxQ/ axQ/ x6fpg'kg{] ePdf :yfgLo txn] x6fpg ;Sg]5 .

&= e08f/0f, 3f6u2Lsf] Joj:yf -!_ 9'+uf, df6f], afn'jf, r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg / ;+sng kZrft :yfgLo txn] pko'Qm e08f/0f tyf 3f6u2Lsf] :yfg tf]Sg'kg{]5 . @_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] :yn afx]s sf]xL s;}n] e08f/0f jf 3f6u2L ug'{ x'Fb}g . #_ :yfgLo txn] jif{sf] k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf Ps k6s 3f6u2L :ynsf] lg/LIf0f cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg{]5 .*= 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jfsf] pkof]u -!_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pkof]udf :yfgLo cfjZostf / :yfgLo txsf dfu / k|b]zsf] ljsf; lgdf{0fnfO{ rflxg] dfusf] cfk"lt{nfO{ klxnf k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

94

-@_ :yfgLo txn] /fli6«o tyf k|fb]lzs uf}/jsf cfof]hgf tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg{] 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ h:tf lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L k|rlnt b/ /]6 cg';f/sf] s/ tyf z'Ns lnO{ ;xh / ;/n ?kn] pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 . #_ 9'+Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pknAwttfsf cfwf/df cGt/ k|b]z lgsf;Lsf] Joj:yfnfO{ afwf k'Ug]5}g . $_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df]6f, r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] ljb]zL lgsf;L ;DaGwL Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s adf]lhd x'g]5 .

(= 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jfsf] /fhZj b//]6 / afF8kmfF8 -!_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ a[xQ/sf] laqmL ubf{ nfUg] /fhZj b//]6 k|b]z ;/sf/n] tf]sadf]lhd x'g]5 . cGo z'Nsx? k|b]z s/ tyf u}x|s/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . @_ vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ afx]ssf lgdf{0fhGo 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] /fhZjsf afF8kmfF8 s/ tyf u}x| s/ /fhZj ;DaGwL P]g @)&% adf]lhd ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx / k|b]z ;/sf/sf aLr x'g]5 . #_ :yfgLo txn] 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] laqmLaf6 k|fKt s'n /fhZjsf] !)Ü To:tf] 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ ;+sng, pTvgg ubf{ k|efljt x'g] If]qsf ;d'bfo jf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf sfddf vr{ ug'{kg{]5 .

!)= 9'jfgL tyf cf];f/k;f/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf !_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] cf];f/k;f/ ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{kg{]5 . s_ kfgLn] leh]sf] / kfgL r'lxg] 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ af]s]/ 9'jfgLsf ;fwg kSsL ;8sdf u'8fpg kfO{g]5}g . v_ 9'jfgLsf ;fwgn] jxg ug{ kfpg] tf}n eGbf a9L tf}n /fvL jf Go"g ljnsf/L 9'jfgLsf ;fwg ;8sdf u'8fpg / g5f]kL v'Nnf ?kn] 9'jfgL ug{ kfO{g]5}g . u_ ;8s ljefu / ;DalGwt lgsfon] tf]s]sf] ;8s l;df / dfkb08 leqsf] If]qdf 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ nufot s'g} klg ;fdfu|L ;+sng ug{ jf ;+ro u/L/fv kfO{g]5}g . 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ cflb af]s]sf] ;jf/L ;fwg pQm If]qdf kfls{Ë ug{ kfO{g]5}g . 3_ 9'jfgL ubf{ ;8ssf] dfkb08, ef/axg Ifdtf x]/L zx/L If]qdf 9'jfgL ug{] ;DaGwdf k|b]z ;/sf/n ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . @_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|b]z ;/sf/n] e08f/0f jf 3f6u2L If]q cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo If]qdf ef/axg Ifdtf dfkg d]lzg /fvL sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5 . #_ cGt/ :yfgLo tx jf cGt/ k|b]zdf 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] cf];f/k;f/ / 9'jfgL ubf{ s;}n] cj/f]w jf s'g} lsl;dsf] 9f6 /fvL yk s/, z'Ns jf

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

95

b:t'/ lng kfO{g]5}g . $_ cf];f/k;f/ tyf 9'jfgL ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;Demf}tf adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!!= qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf / ;~rfng ;DaGwL dfkb08 !_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/, axQ/sf] pTvgg, ;+sng, k|zf]wg, e08f/0f sfo{ ubf{ tyf qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf / ;~rfng ubf{ b'/L ;DaGwL dfkb08 cg';"rL # / $ adf]lhd x'g]5 . @_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] dfkb08 sfod ug{] jf kfngf ug{] u/fpg] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgb{]zg kfngf ug'{kg{]5 . #_ qm;/ pBf]u btf{ / ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo ljifo k|rlnt sfg'gn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . $_ xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf o; sfo{ljlw cg'?ksf] dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf pBf]un] tLg dlxgf leq o; dfkb08 cg';f/ :yfgfGt/0f jf Joj:yfkg u/L ;~rfng ug'{kg{]5 .

!@= cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf !_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f, cf];f/k;f/ / laqmLljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]usf] cg'udg, lgodg tyf Jojl:yt ug{ u/fpgsf nflu Ps k|fb]lzs cg'udg ;ldlt u7g u/Lg]5 . @_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|fb]lzs cg'udg ;ldltdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/L xg]5g\ . s_ ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno –;+of]hs v_ ;lrj, d'VodGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no – ;b:o u_ ;lrj, cfGtl/s dfldnf tyf sfg"g dGqfno – ;b:o 3_ jftfj/0f ug{] dxfzfvf k|d'v, dGqfno – ;b:o ;lrj #_ k|fb]lzs cg'udg ;ldltsf] sfo{ ljj/0f b]xfo adf]hd x'g]5 . s_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f, k|zf]wg laqmLljt/0f ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg] ;fy} cGt/–k|b]z, dGqfno, txx?aLr ;dGjo ug{] . v_ o; ;DaGwL k|fb]lzs gLlt, lgod, dfkb08 th'{df, lgodg / ;+zf]wgsf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg] . u_ o; ;DaGwL cGt/ :yfgLo txdf s'g} ljjfb eP ;dGjo u/L lg?k0f ug]{ . 3_ cGt/k|b]z ljjfb ePdf dGqfno dfkm{t d'VodGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf ljjfbsf] ljifo k]z ug{] . ª_ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ldltn] yk sfo{ljj/0f cfkm} agfO{ nfu' ug{] . r_ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ldltn] lj1 jf cGo cfjZos b]lvPsf JolQmnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . $_ lhNnf :t/sf csf{] Joj:yf gx'Fbf ;Ddsf] nflu xfn ljBdfg lhNnf cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 cg'udg ug{] u/fpg] . %_ lhNnf cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfo{ljj/0f b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 . s_ lhNnf cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnfdf pTvgg, ;+sng e08f/0f, k|zf]wg,

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

96

cf];f/k;f/ / laqmL ljt/0f x'g] x'Fbf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] 7]Ssf k§f sfof{Gjogsf l:ylt / ;f] n] jftfj/0f, s[lif k|0ffnL, ;|f]t ;Dkbf, dfgj a:tL, ef}lts k'jf{wf/ ;+/rgf nufotdf kf/]sf] c;/ af/] cg'udg u/L dGqfnonfO{ ;'emfj lbg] . v_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f / k|zfwgsf] sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] x]/L lgodg ug{sf nflu dGqfnonfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] . u_ ;8ssf] ef/axg Ifdtf eGbf a9L cf];f/k;f/ ePdf jf tf]lsPsf] clwstd d"No eGbf a9L lnPdf jf :jLs[t dfkb08 jf :yfgLo tx;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf ljkl/t ;+sng, pTvgg / k|zf]wg jf laqmL ePdf lgodg ug{] u/fpg] . 3_ cGt/ :yfgLo tx jf cGt/ lhNnf If]qflwsf/ jf o; ;DaGwL cGo s'g} ljifodf s'g} ljjfb eP ;dfwfgsf nflu ;dGjog ug{] . cfkm\gf] txaf6 x'g g;Sg] eP k|b]z cg'udg ;ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{] . ª_ :jLs[t sfo{of]hgf / k|rlnt sfg"g ljkl/t ug{]nfO{ sf/jfxLsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl/; ug{] .

^_ :yfgLo txn] :yfgLo :t/df pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f, qml;ª / laqmLljt/0f sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog, ;dGjo, cg'udg / lgodg ug{ Pj+ :jLs[t dfkb08 / sfo{ljlwsf] kfngf Pj+ u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{ cg'udg ug'{kg{]5 . &_ :yfgLo cg'udg ;ldltsf] sfo{ljj/0f :yfgLo txsf] ;efn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!#= jftfj/0fLo k'g:yfkgf -!_ pTvgg If]q jf cf;kf;sf If]qdf sfo{ ;DkGg eO{;s]kl5 xl/ofnL k|jw{g, t6aGw lgdf{0f, lyu|ofpg] kf]v/L lgdf{0f, vf]nfsf] axfj lgoGq0f ug{ kSsL afFw nufotsf e"–tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f h:tf k'g:yfkgfsf sfo{x? ug{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] of]hgf agfpg' kg{]5 . -@_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg / ;+sng sfo{af6 jftfj/0f, ufpFa:tL, s[life"ld, agIf]q / hnfwf/df k|lts"n k|efj k/]sf] cj:yfdf vf]nf, gbL / cf;kf;sf If]qsf] e"–agf}6, k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf, jg h+un, hnfwf/ / s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ hLjGt /fVg :yfgLo txn] ;f] sfo{df tTsfn /f]s nufO{ ;+/If0f / k'g?Tyfgsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg{]5 .

!$= lgif]lwt sfo{x? M -!_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd b]xfosf sfo{x? lgif]w u/LPsf] 5 . s_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ gu/L cj}w ?kdf 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f / k|zf]wgsf] sfo{ ug{] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{] . v_ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg :jLs[t gu/L 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f / k|zf]wgsf] sfo{ ug{] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ . u_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f / k|zf]wgsf] sfo{ ug{] pBf]usf nflu :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

97

d"Nof+sgsf] zt{ pNn3+g ug{ . 3_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg, ;+sng, e08f/0f / k|zf]wgsf] sfo{ ug{] pBf]u ;~rfngsf nflu tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 ljkl/t sfo{ ug{ . ª_ tf]lsPsf] :yfg afx]s cGo :yfgdf :yfgfGt/0f / pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ . r_ s'g} Ps ljifodf ;+sng ug{ jf pBf]u btf{ u/L cg'dlt lnPsf pBf]un] csf{] p2]Zo jf k|of]hgsf] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ kfpg]5}g . To;/L km/s km/s sfdsf] nflu pBf]u ;~rfng ug'{kg{] eP km/s km/s ljifosf] 5'§f5'§} cg'dlt kq lng'kg{]5 . 5_ cg'dlt ljkl/t ;~rfng ug{ / :jLs[t k|fKt ePsf] eGbf a9L pTvgg, ;+sng / k|zf]wg ug{ . h_ k'/ftflTjs, wfld{s tyf ;f}GboL{s/0f dxTjsf ax'd"No 9'+uf kTy/sf] pTvgg, ;+sng tyf laqmL ljt/0f ug{ . em_ sfo{ljlwdf ljkl/t pTvgg, ;+sng÷cf];f/k;f/, laqmLljt/0f tyf pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ . @_ pNn]lvt lgif]lwt sfo{ u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf pBf]ux?nfO{ ljB't, vfg]kfgL, ;+rf/, ;'ljwf ljR5]b ug{ cfb]z lbOg]5 . o:tf] cfb]z kfngf ug{ ;xof]u ug'{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

!%= b08 ;hfosf] Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf lgif]lwt sfo{ u/]df k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP cg';f/ b08 ;hfo x'g]5 .!^= ljljw -!_ of] sfo{ljlw nfu" ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq qm;/ pBf]un] cfkm\gf] qm;/ pBf]udf /x]sf] sRrf jf k|zf]lwt 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] kl/df0f ;lxtsf] ljj/0f, ;+sng, pTvggsf] ;|f]t, rfn' cf=j= sf] laqmLljt/0fsf] kl/df0f / efjL of]hgf ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg :yfgLo tx / dGqfnodf k]z ug'{kg{]5 . tTkZrft\ pTvgg, ;+sng tyf 3f6u2Ldf ePsf] df}Hbftsf] ljj/0f dfl;s ?kdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx / dGqfnodf k]z ug'{kg{]5 . @_ :n]6 9'+uf pTvgg :yn ;DalGwt :yfgLo txaf6 cg'dlt lnO{ aftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;~rfng ug'{kg{]5 . #_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fgvfgLsf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug'{kg{] ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ x'g]5 . $_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg, ;+sng, laqmLljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]unfO{ Jojl:yt ug{] sfo{df :yfgLo tx, lhNnf / k|fb]lzs cg'udg ;ldltnfO{ :yfgLo k|zf;gn] cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{kg{]5 . %_ 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg, ;+sng, laqmLljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]udf sfd ug{] dhb'/sf] ljdf, :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff tflnd / ;'/Iff ;fdfu|L ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;DalGwt Joj;foLn] ug'{kg{]5 .!&= yk36 tyf x]/km]/ M -!_ of] sfo{ljlw cfjZostf cg';f/ k|b]z ;/sf/n] yk36, x]/km]/ jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .!*= afwf c8\sfp, km'sfp M -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] sfof{Gjogdf s'g} afwf c8\sfp cfO{k/]df k|b]z ;/sf/n] afwf c8\sfp km's'jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

98

!(= vf/]hL / arfp M of] sfo{ljlw nfu' eP kZrft 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg bxQ/ axQ sf] pTvgg, ;+sng, laqmLljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/n] agfO{ ;fljsdf k|rngdf /x]sf ;a} sfo{ljlw dfkb08 vf/]h u/LPsf] 5 .

cg';"rL–!9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg, ;+sng, laqmLljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]u

:yfkgf / ;~rfng cg'dltsf nflu lbg' kg{] b/vf:tsf] 9fFrf-bkmf # sf] pkbkmf ! ;Fu ;DalGwt_

>L cWoIf÷k|d'vHo",========================================uf=kf=÷g=kf=d=g=kf==========================================

ljifo M cg'dlt kq kfpF eGg] af/] .dxf]bo, b]xfo adf]lhdsf] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ OR5's ePsf]n] d]/f] xfd|f] kmd{÷sDkgLnfO{ cg'dltkq k|bfg u/Llbg' x'g cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt of] lgj]bgkq k]z u/]sf] 5'÷5f}+ . n]lvPsf] Joxf]/fdf s'g} s'/f e'm¶f 7x/] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'emfpFnf . != kmd{sf] k"/f gfd M @= kmd{sf] k"/f 7]ufgf M #= pBf]u ;~rfng ug{] :yfg GPS nf]s]zg ;d]t M $= p2]Zo M %= k"FhL M ^= sf/f]af/ ug]{ rLh tyf sfdsf] ljj/0f M &= ;+nUg sfuhftx? M -kmd{ btf{sf] k|df0fkq, s/ r'Qmf k|df0fkq, gfu/Lstfsf] k|df0fkq, gjLs/0f u/]sf] k|df0f, :j3f]if0ff ;DaGwL sfuh_

b:tvf:tjfnfsf] gfd M ;xL M gfu/Lstf gDa/ M ;Dks{ g+= MOlt ;Djt\ @)============;fn===========ut] /f]h ================z'ed\ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

99

cg';'rL–@9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/sf] pTvgg, ;+sng, lalqmljt/0f tyf qm;/ pBf]u

:yfkgf / ;~rfngsf] cg'dlt kqsf] 9fFrf-bkmf # sf] pkbkmf @ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

============================d=g=kf=÷g=kf=÷uf=kf=sf] sfof{no=================================================

cg'dlt kq>L================================================================================================

dxfzo, tkfO{sf] kmd{ / sDkgLn]===========================================;DaGwL sfo{ ug{sf] nflu o; sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ePsf] lgj]bg / ;+nUg sfuhft pk/ sf/afxL x'Fbf ldlt =============================sf]lg0f{ofg';f/ =============================sfo{ ug{] u/L of] cg'dlt kq lbOPsf] 5 . k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ug'{u/fpg xf]nf .

!= cg'dlt k|fKt ug{] kmd{ sDkgLsf] gfdM @= kmd{÷sDkgL ;+rfnssf] gfdM #= 7]ufgf M $= kmd{ sDkgL ;~rfng x'g] :yfg M %= rf/ lsNnf M

cg'dltkq k|bfg ug{] clwsf/Lsf] gfd M bhf{ M b:tvt M ldlt M

b|:6Jo M of] cg'dltkq x/fPdf, RofltPdf jf gfl;Pdf csf{] k|df0f kq lng lgodfg';f/ b:t'/ nfUg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

100

cg';"rL–#9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf, df6f], r§fg, bxQ/ axQ/ pTvgg / ;+sng ;DaGwL dfkb08

-bkmf !! ;Fu ;DalGwt_

qm=;+= ljj/0f t/fO{ leqL dw]zdf kxf8L If]qdf

s_ tfntn}of / wfld{s dxTjsf kf]v/L ! ls=dL= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

v_ xfO{6]G;g nfO{gaf6 %)) ld= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

u_ lzIf0f ;+:yf, :jf:Yo ;+:yf, wfld{s ;f+:s[lts / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :yfg,;'/Iff lgsfoaf6

! ls=dL= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

3_ lgs'~h, cf/If If]q ! ls=dL= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

ª_ 3gfa:tLaf6 ! ls=dL= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

r_ ag If]qaf6 ! ls=dL= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

5_ kSsL Pjd\ emf]n'ª\u] k'naf6 %)) ld= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

h_ /fhdfu{af6 %)) ld= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

em_ cGt/fli6«o l;dfgleq slDtdf ! ls=ld= aflx/

slDtdf ! ls=dL= aflx/

cg';"rL–$ qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf / ;~rfng ;DaGwL dfkb08

-bkmf !! bkmf;Fu ;DalGwt_

qm=;+= ljj/0f t/fO{ leqL dw]zdf kxf8L If]qdf

s= gbL, vf]nfsf] jiff{tsf] k|jfx ;Ldf lsgf/

%)) ld= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

v= tfntn}of / P]ltxfl;s wfld{sdxTjsf kf]v/L tyf 3f6If]q

!%)) ld= aflx/ !%)) ld= aflx/

u= xfO6]G;g nfO{gaf6 %)) ld= %)) ld=

3= lzIf0f ;+:yf, :jf:Yo ;+:yf, wfld{s ;f+:s[lts / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :yfg, ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6

@ ls=dL= aflx/ @ ls=dL= aflx/

ª= lgs'~h, cf/If If]q @ ls=dL= aflx/ ! ls=dL= aflx/

r= 3gfa:tLaf6 @ ls=dL= aflx/ ! ls=dL= aflx/

5= jg If]qaf6 @ ls=dL= aflx/ ! ls=dL= aflx/

h= kSsL Pj+ emf]n'+u] k'naf6 %)) ls=dL aflx/ %)) ls=dL= aflx/

em= /fhdfu{af6 %)) ld= aflx/ %)) ld= aflx/

`= cGt/fli6«o slDtdf ! ls=dL= aflx/

sDtLdf ! ls=dL= aflx/

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

101

k|b]z:t/df wfld{s ko{6sLo :ynx?sf] ;'wf/ tyf ;+/If0f sfo{qmd sfo{Gjog sfo{ljlw–@)&%

!= k[i7e"dL u08sL k|b]zsf ko{6sLo dxTj af]s]sf wfld{s :ynx? :ynx?sf] dd{t, tyf ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu cfly{s jif{ @)&%–)&^ df cfjZos ?= ^),)),))). –cIf?kL ?= ;f7L nfv dfq_ ah]6 ljlgof]hgu/LPsf] 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmd / ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjog, ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu pknAwL d'ns ;"rs nufotsf lj:t[t sfo{Gjog sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{] sfo{df cfjZos ;xof]u u/L k|To]s sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;DkGg u/L u'0f:t/Lo k|ltkmn k|Kt ug{ u08sL k|b]z, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw hf/L u/]sf]5 .

@= sfo{qmd sfo{Gjog ;+oGqx? u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon, / :yfgLo txx? M dxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsfx? / upFkflnsfx?n] cfkm\gf If]qleq ePsf ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] kl/rfng ug{' u/fpg' kg]{5 .

#= ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ ;lsg] sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f ko{6sLo dxTj af]s]sf ;a} wd{;Fu ;DalGwt wfld{s :ynx?sf] ejg tyf dlGb/ lgdf{0f, kfs{, l;+9L, sDkfp08 kvf{n lgdf{0f tyf dd{t d"lt{, 306L, uh'/, lqz'n, kfg;, 3}nf h:tf wfld{s dxTj emNsg] vfnsf j:t'x?sf] lgdf{0f tyf vl/b ug{ of] sfo{qmdsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . of] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ ah]6sf] l;dfleq /xL k|ljlwsaf6 Design tyf Estimate t/L :jLs[t Design tyf Estimate sf cfwf/df k|rlnt ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]g lgod adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug'{kg{] 5 .

$= wfld{s ko{6sLo :ynx? 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/;, dfu /sd, h:tf tklzn adf]lhdsf a'Fbfx?nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ wfld{s ko{6sLo :ynx? 5gf}6 u/Lg] 5 .

l;=g+= sfuhftsf] ljj/0f c+s

! :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/; @)

@ dfu /sd -@ nfv eGbf al9sf] nfuL !) c+s, @ nfv eGbf sd, ! nfv eGbf al9sf] nfuL @) c+s / ! nfv ;Ddsf] nfuL #) c+s_

#)

# cGo If]qaf6 ut / rfn' cf=j= df ;f] :yfgdf cfly{s ;xof]u glnPsf]:j–3f]lift kq

@)

$ cl3Nnf] aif{df cfPsf bz{gfyL{ tyf ko{6ssf] ;+Vofsf] d"NofÍg !)

% ko{6sLo, wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs tyf ;fF:s[lts dxTj emlNsg] ljj/0f sf] d"NofÍg

@)

hDdf !))

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

102

%= d”NofÍg ;ldlt pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] ko{6g x]g{] dxfzfvf k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf tklzn adf]lhdsf] kfFr ;b:oLo sfo{qmd 5gf}6 d"NofÍg ;ldlt x'g]5 . ;f] ;ldltn] dGqfnodf k|fKtlgj]bgx?sf] cWoog u/L wfld{s ko{6sLo :ynx? 5gf}6 u/L /sd lgsf;fsf] nflu ;Lkml/; ug{]5 .

tkl;n pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] ko{6g x]g{] dxfzfvf k|d'v – ;+of]hs cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnosf] clws[t k|ltlglw – ;b:o ef}lts of]hgf ljsf; dGqfnosf] clws[t k|ltlglw – ;b:o pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] n]vf x]g{] clws[t – ;b:o pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] ko{6g x]g{] clws[t – ;b:o ;lrj^= hgzlQm Joj:yfkg o; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf nflu k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;DaGwL l8hfOg tyf nfut Oi6d]6 :yfgLo txsf] k|fljlwsn] ug{]5 . ;fy} sfo{ k|ultsf] cg'udg klg :yfgLo lgsfosf] sfof{non] ug{]5 .

k|fljlwsn] sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ k]z ePsf] hfFrkf; tyf work completion report sf cfwf/df clGtd e'QmfgL x'g]5 . &= sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'Fbfx? ;dfj]z ug’{kg{]5

• :jLs[t Design tyf Estimate• sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg (Work completion report)• sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f• sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f]

*= ck]lIft pknAwL• u08sL k|b]zsf ko{6sLo dxTj af]]s]sf wfld{s :ynx?sf] dd{t, ;'wf/ tyf ;+/If0f x'g]5 .• u08sL k|b]zdf cfpg] wfld{s ko{6sx?sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug{ 6]jf k'Ug]5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

103

k|b]z Joj;fo d~r -u7g cfb]z_–@)&^ dlGqkl/ifbaf6 :jLs[t ldlt M @)&^.)!.@@

k|b]zsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu pBf]u, Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fo ;~rfng Pj+ nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f

;[hgf u/L cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ tLa|tf lbg ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;+jfb / ;xsfo{nfO{ Ps ;zQm dfWodsf]

?kdf ljsf; ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n], u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/n] b]xfosf] cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De

-!_ o; cfb]zsf] gfd “k|b]z Joj;fo d~r -u7g cfb]z_, @)&^” /x]sf] 5 .

-@_ of] cfb]z t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff

ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; cfb]zdf,

-s_ “k|b]z Joj;fo d~r” eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd ul7t d~rnfO{

;Demg' k5{ .

-v_ “d~r” eGgfn] k|b]z Joj;fo d~r ;Demg' k5{ .

-u_ “d~rsf] ;lrjfno” eGgfn] bkmf * adf]lhdsf] d~rsf] ;lrjfno

;Demg' k5{ .

-3_ “d~r ;+of]hs” eGgfn] bkmf !) adf]lhdsf] d~r ;+of]hs ;Demg' k5{ .

-ª_ “dGqfno” eGgfn] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg' k5{ .- r_ “;~rfns ;ldlt” eGgfn] bkmf ^ adf]lhd ul7t ;~rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .

-5_ “Joj;fo” eGgfn] k|b]zleq :yfkgf eO{ ;~rflnt pBf]u, Jofkf/ / cGo k]zf

JofonfO{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf :yflkt pBf]u, jfl0fHo / Jofkf/

;DaGwL lgsfonfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

#= k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] u7g

-!_ k|b]z :t/df cf}Bf]lus tyf Joj;flos nufgLsf nflu ;an / ;xof]uL jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf nflu

;dGjo / ;fd~h:otf sfod ug{, k|b]z :t/Lo Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt Pj+ sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L

sfof{Gjog tyf d"Nof+sgsf ;Da4 laifodf ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qaLr lgoldt ;+jfb / ;xsfo{nfO{

clek|]l/t ug{, Joj;fo :yfkgf, ;~rfng / nufgL clej[l4df cfO{kg{ afwf, cj/f]w tyf ;d:ofsf]

klxrfg ug{, Joj;fo ;~rfng / nufgL clea[l4 Pj+ ljsf;sf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos

;'emfj / l;kmfl/; ug{, To:tf l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug{ ;3fpgsf ;fy} ;fj{hlgs

Pj+ lghL If]qaLr lgoldt kl/0ffdd'vL / kf/bzL{ ;+jfbsf nflu ;+:yfut cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon]

u08sL k|b]z Joj;fo d~r /xg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

104

-@_ d~rsf] u7g b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M

-s_ d'Vo dGqL, u08sL k|b]z cWoIf

-v_ dGqL, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;b:o

-u_ k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljefuLo dGqLx? / dGqLsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg]

/fHodGqL ;b:o

-3_ pkfWoIf, k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]u ;b:o

-ª_ k|d'v ;lrj, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o

-r_ ;b:ox?, k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]u ;b:o

-5_ k|b]z ;/sf/sf ;lrjx? -d'Vo dGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{no,

k|b]z ;ef, k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf ;lrj afx]s_ ;b:o

-h_ k|b]zl:yt ljZjljBfnosf pks'nkltx? ;b:o

-em_ dGqfnon] tf]s]sf k|b]z:t/Lo pBf]u, Jofkf/, Joj;fo, ljQLo

If]q, k]zfut ;+3;+:yf, gfu/Ls ;dfh / kqsf/ dxf;+3sf]

k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ dlxnf ;lxt dGqfnoaf6

dgf]lgt @% hgf ;b:o

-`_ ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, ;b:o–;lrj

-#_ lglh If]qsf k|ltlglw, ;DalGwt dGqfno tyf lgsfo, cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?,

cg';Gwfg ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwsf ;fy} ;DalGwt ljz]if1x? / k]zfljb\x?nfO{ k|b]z

Joj;fo d~rsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-$_ Joj;fo d~r Ps :jfoQ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ?kdf /xg]5 / o;sf] cfˆgf] 5'§} 5fk x'g]5 .

-%_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -em_ adf]lhdsf ;b:osf] kbfjlw @ jif{sf] x'g]5 . lghx?sf]

k'glg{o'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 . $= k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M u08sL k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5

-s_ k|b]zsf] pBf]u, Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fo ljsf; / k|a4{g Pj+ cfly{s ljsf;sf If]qdf ug'{kg]{

;'wf/sf ;DaGwdf k|b]z ;/sf/;dIf ;Lkmfl/z ug]{,

-v_ k|efjsf/L ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;+jfb / ;xsfo{sf nflu ;+:yfut tyf Joj:yfksLo

ljifodf ;'wf/sf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/;dIf ;Lkmfl/z ug]{,

-u_ k|b]zsf] cf}Bf]lus, cfly{s, jfl0fHo / ;+ul7t ;'zf;g -Corporate Governance_ sf

If]qdf gLltut ;'wf/sf ljifodf ;Lkmfl/z ug]{,

-3_ k|b]zdf cf}Bf]lus tyf Joj;flos nufgLsf nflu ;an / ;xof]uL jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf nflu

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

105

;dGjo / ;fd~h:otf sfod ug]{,

-ª_ cf}Bf]lus tyf >d ;DaGwsf ljifodf gLltut ;'wf/ ug{ ;Lkmfl/z ug]{,

-r_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf cGo sfd ug]{ .%= k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!_ k|b]z Joj;fo d~r o;sf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu u/Lg] gLlt lgdf{0f tyf gLltut lg0f{osf] pRrtd c+usf] ?kdf /xg]5 .

-@_ k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] a}7s sDtLdf jif{sf] Ps k6s a:g]5 .

-#_ d~rsf] a}7s cWoIfsf] lgb]{zgdf ;b:o ;lrjn] af]nfpg]5 .

-$_ d~rsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5 .

-%_ d~rdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] %) k|ltzteGbf a9L ;b:o pkl:yt

ePdf a}7ssf] nflu u0fk'/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg]5 .

-^_ d~rsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o d~rsf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIfn]

lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .

-&_ d~rsf] lg0f{o d~rsf ;b:o ;lrjåf/f k|dfl0ft u/Lg]5 .

-*_ d~rsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw d~r :jo+n] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

^= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g / ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf

-!_ k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] sfo{sf/L c+usf] ?kdf Ps ;~rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 .

-@_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M

-s_ dGqL, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cWoIf

-v_ ;lrj, cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno ;b:o

-u_ ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;b:o

-3_ cWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o

-ª_ cWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o

-r_ cWoIf, g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sdz{, u08sL k|b]z ;b:o

-5_ ;DalGwt\ dxfzfvf k|d'v, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf

jftfj/0f dGqfno, ;b:o ;lrj

-#_ lghL If]qsf k|ltlglw, ;DalGwt dGqfno tyf lgsfo, cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?,

cg';Gwfg ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwsf ;fy} ;DalGwt ljz]if1x? / k]zfljb\x?nfO{ ;~rfns

;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-$_ ;ldltsf] a}7s cWoIfsf] lgb]{zgdf ;b:o ;lrjn] af]nfpg]5 .

-%_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5 . -^_ ;ldltdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] %) k|ltzteGbf a9L ;b:o pkl:yt

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

106

ePdf a}7ssf] nflu u0fk'/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg]5 . -&_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o ;ldltsf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIfn] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 . -*_ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrjåf/f k|dfl0ft u/Lg]5 . -(_ ;~rfns ;ldltdf ;a} sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xsf ;x—cWoIf tyf ljleGg Joj;flos If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ . -!)_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s sDtLdf b'O{ dlxgfdf Ps k6s a:g]5 . -!!_ ;ldltsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;ldlt :jo+n] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .&= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -!_ k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] a}7sdf k]z x'g] k|:tfj to ug{'sf ;fy} ;lrjfno Pj+ sfo{ ;Dkfbg—;d"xsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f / cg'udg ug]{, -@_ cfjZostfg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;d"xsf] ;+Vof, gfd, sfo{If]q / ;b:o ;+Vofdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ d~r;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{, -#_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg—;d"xx?af6 k]z x'g] l;kmfl/;x?sf nflu cfjZos dfkb08x? lgwf{/0f ug]{, -$_ d~rsf] ;lrjfnosf] nflu k|zf;lgs / ljQLo sfo{ljlw to ug{'sf ;fy} d~rsf] of]hgf, sfo{qmd / ah]6 k|:tfj ug]{, -%_ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjx? pko'Qm nfu]df sfof{Gjogsf nflu d~r;dIf k]z ug]{ . -^_ k|b]z :t/af6 ;Djf]wg ug'{ kg]{ If]qut gLlt tyf ;}4flGts ljifodf ;'wf/sf ;DaGwdf d~rdf ;'emfa k]z ug]{, -&_ d~raf6 sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|fKt lgb]{zg tyf sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/fpg], -*_ d~rsf] ;lrjfnosf] aflif{s of]hgf, sfo{qmd / ah]6 :jLs[t ug]{, -(_ ;lrjfno ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf dfu u/L Joj:yfkg ug]{, -!)_ k|ltj]bg lgoldt ?kdf d~r ;dIf k]z ug]{,

-!!_ d~rn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{x? ug]{÷u/fpg]*= d~rsf] ;lrjfno -!_ k|b]z Joj;fo d~rsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog, clen]v Joj:yfkg, ;"rgf k|jfx tyf d~rsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] d~rsf] Ps ;lrjfno /xg]5 . -@_ ;lrjfnosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -s_ ;~rfns ;ldlt / sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;d"xx?aLr ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ tyf cGt/lqmofdf ;xof]u k'of{pg], -v_ ;~rfns ;ldlt / sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xsf] sfo{df ;xhtf / u'0ffTdstf Nofpg ;xof]u k'of{pg'sf ;fy} lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf] clen]vfÍg ug]{, -u_ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x / ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 u/LPsf lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog u/fpg]

/ sfof{Gjogsf] k|ult l:yltsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg],

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

107

-3_ d~rsf] ;lrjfnonfO{ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg ;/sf/L tyf lghL b'j} If]qaf6 cfjZos ;xof]u

k'¥ofO{g]5 .

(= sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x -Working Group_ sf] Joj:yf

-!_ d~rsf] ultljlwdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 M

-s_ cf}Bf]lus nufgL k|a4{g sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

-v_ Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0f k|j4{g sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

-u_ k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgf sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

-3_ ljQLo, aLdf ljifo sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

-ª_ dlxnf pBdL ljsf; sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

-r_ Joj;flos jftfj/0f, >d ;DaGw tyf cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

-@_ ljifourt sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x, To;sf ;x–cWoIf / ;b:ox? b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5g\

-s_ cf}Bf]lus nufgL k|a4{g sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

;xcWoIfx?– ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno / ;efklt, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3 tyf

k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] pk;lrj:t/sf k|ltlglwx? ;b:o– cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf

dGqno, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 /xg] 5g\ .

-v_ Jofkf/ ;xlhs/0f k|a4{g sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

;x–cWoIfx?– ;lrj, pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno / cWoIf–g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sdz{ tyf

k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] pk;lrj:t/sf ;b:ox?–cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno, e"ld

Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno / pBf]u, ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 /xg]5g\ .

-u_ k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgf sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

;x–cWoIfx?– ;lrj, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqfno / cWoIf–Ol08k]G8]G6 kfj/ k|f]8\o';;{ Pzf]l;o;g

g]kfn tyf k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|ltlglwtj x'g] pk;lrj:t sf k|ltlglw ;b:ox?–cfGtl/s dfldnf tyf

of]hgf dGqfno / k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]uaf6 xg]5g\ .

-3_ ljQLo, aLdf ljifo sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

;x–cWoIfx?–lgb]{zs, g]kfn /fi6« a}+s, kf]v/f / cWoIf,g]kfn a}+s;{ Pzf]l;o;g–u08sL k|b]z tyf

k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] pk;lrj:t/sf ;b:ox? cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno, pBf]u,

ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 /xg]5g\ .

-ª_ dlxnf pBdL ljsf; sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

;x–cWoIfx?–;lrj, ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno, ;efklt–g]kfn dlxnf pBdL dxf;+3 tyf k|b]z ;/sf/

af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] pk;lrj:t/sf ;b:ox?–pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, ;fdflhs

ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 /xg]5g\ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

108

-r_ Joj;flos jftfj/0f, >d ;DaGw tyf cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x

;x–cWoIfx?–;lrj, cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno / cWoIf, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 tyf

k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|llglwTj x'g] pk;lrj:t/sf ;b:ox?–cfGtl/s dfldnf tyf sfg'g dGqfno /

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 /xg]5g\ .

-#_ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/x?

sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M

s_ k|b]zdf cf}Bf]lus k|j4{gsf nflu nufgL j[l4 ug{ / ljleGg k]zf Joj;fo ;xh tyf lagf cj/f]w

lgoldt ?kdf ;~rfng x'g] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{, ;DalGwt lgodg ug{'kg]{ ljifo tyf

tt\;DaGwL ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / To:tf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;'wf/fTds Pj+

sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] pkfosf] l;kmfl/; ug{ cfjZos tof/L ug]{ .

v_ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xn] cfˆgf] txdf cfjZos lg0f{o lng / ;'emfj l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

u_ s'g} ljifodf cGt/—dGqfno jf cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo ug{ jf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cfjZos kg{

eO{ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x txdf lg0f{o lng g;lsg] ePdf ;d"xn] cfˆgf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt

;~rfns ;ldltdf k|:t't ug]{5g\ .

3_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] ;d"xaf6 k|:t't l;kmfl/;df k'g/fjnf]sg u/L l;kmfl/; pko'Qm b]lvPdf

sfof{jogsf nflu ;DalGwt\ dGqfnodf k7fpg]5 .

-8=_ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xn] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/Lsf If]q ;d]6\g] u/L cf–cfˆgf] sfo{If]qut zt{ -Terms

of Reference_ tof/ ug]{5g\ .

-r_ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xn] lghL If]qsf pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, Joj;foL, k]zfsdL{, ljz]if1 / cGt/f{li6«o

ljsf; ;fem]bf/sf k|ltlglw;Fu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xdltdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;Nnfx lng

;Sg]5g\ .

-5_ k|b]z Joj;fo d~r / ;~rfns ;ldltn] pko'Qm 7x¥ofPsf cGo ultljlwdf ;d]t

sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x ;+nUg x'g]5g\ .

!)=d~r ;+of]hs

-!_ ;lrjfnosf] b}lgs k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ ;lrjfno k|d'vsf ?kdf Ps d~r ;+of]hs /

xg]5 .

-@_ d~r ;+of]hssf] lgo'lQm dGqfnon] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] 5gf}6 ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df d~rsf]

cWoIfn] ug]{5 .

-#_ d~r ;+of]hs ;lrjfnodf k"/f ;do sfd ug]{ k|d'v k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L x'g]5 / lghsf] sfd,

st{Jo, clwsf/, kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwf d~rsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-$_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] g]kfnL gfu/Ls d~r ;+of]hsdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

109

s_ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 cy{zf:q, k|zf;g, Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo jf sfg'g laifodf

:gftsf]Q/ tx pQL0f{ u/L ;DalGwt If]qdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt eO{ ;fj{hlgs

/ lghL If]q;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf],

v_ k}FtL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f eO{ krf; jif{ ggf3]sf] .

-%_ d~r ;+of]hssf] lgo'lQmsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] 5gf}6 ;ldlt /xg]5 M

s_ ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, cWoIf

v_ pBf]u dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] lghL If]qsf] Ps hgf dlxnf ;lxt b'O{ hgf k|ltlglw, ;b:o

u_ dxfzfvf k|d'v, ;DalGwt\ dxfzfvf, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, ;b:o ;lrj

-^_ d~r ;+of]hssf] 5gf}6 ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw d~rn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-&_ d~r ;+of]hssf] kbfjlw rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 .

-*_ pkbkmf -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d~r ;+of]hsn] cfˆgf] kbLo lhDd]jf/L

OdfGbf/Lk"j{s k"/f gu/]df jf lghsf] sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] 5gf}6

;ldltsf l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df lghnfO{ h'g;'s} avt d~r ;+of]hssf] kbaf6 d~rsf

cWoIfn] x6fpg ;Sg]5 .t/ To;/L d~r ;+of]hssf] kbaf6 x6fpg' cl3 lghnfO{ cfˆgf

;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .

!!= hgzlQm ;DaGwL Aoa:yf

-!_ d~rsf] sfddf ;xof]u ug{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] dfu adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfjZos

;+Vofdf sd{rf/Lsf] Aoa:yf ug]{5 .

!@= afwf c8\rg km'sfpg]

of] u7g cfb]z sfof{Gjogsf l;nl;nfdf s'g} afwf c8\rg cfOk/]df d~rsf] l;kmfl/;df

k|b]z ;/sf/n] afwf c8\rg km'sfpg ;Sg]5 .

!#= k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu ;Dks{

d~rn] k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu ;Dks{ /fVbf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno dfkm{t /fVg'

kg]{5 .

!$= ljQLo ;fwg ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf

-!_ ;lrjfnosf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf nflu Pp6f 5'§} sf]ifsf] Joj:yf x'g]5 .

-@_ sf]ifdf k|b]z ;/sf/, bft[ ;+:yf, gLlh If]q / ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfaf6 d~rn] lgwf{/0f

u/] adf]lhdsf] /sd hDdf x'g]5 .

-#_ ljb]zL bft[ ;+:yf tyf ;+3;+:yfaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt ug{'cl3 g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{

dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 .

-$_ sf]if ;~rfngsf nflu Pp6f 5'§} sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu' u/Lg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

110

-%_ sf]ifsf] n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt n]vfk/LIfsaf6

x'g]5 .

!%= sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf nfu" ug]{ clwsf/

k|b]z ;/sf/n] d~rsf] sfo{ ;~rfng k|lqmofnfO{ ;/nLs[t ug{ cfjZos sfo{ljlw, lgb]{l{zsf agfO{

nfu' ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

!^= cg'udg tyf ;xhLs/0f

-!_ d~raf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] sfd sf/afxL / sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsf/L / u'0f:t/o'Qm

agfpg ;~rfns ;ldltn] ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf] a/fa/ ;+Vofdf ;xeflutf x'g] u/L

cg'udg tyf ;xhLs/0f ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ ul7t ;ldltn] sfof{Gjog nufot ;Dk"0f{ r/0fdf cg'udg ug]{

cg'udgsf qmddf b]vf k/]sf r'gf}ltnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{5 .

-#_ k|b]z Joj;fo d~r, ;~rfns ;ldlt tyf sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"xx?n] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ljleGg

r/0fdf cfjZostf cg';f/ cg'udg tyf ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

!&= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg

d~rn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ o; cGtu{tsf ;lrjfno, sfo{;Dkfbg ;d"x, k|b]z ;/sf/ dftxtsf

;DalGwt cGo lgsfo jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!*= d~rsf] lj36g / bfloTj x:tfGt/0f

-!_ d~rsf] cfjZostf gePdf k|b]z ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 s'g} klg avt d~rsf]

lj36g x'g ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d~r lj36g ePdf d~rsf] ;DklQ k|b]z ;/sf/df ;g]{5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

111

k|fOe]6 kmd{ gjLs/0f ;DaGwL dfu{bz{g–@)&%

!= kl/ro M g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f hf/L cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)&# tyf k|fOe]6 kmd{ P]g @)!$/ k|fOe]6 kmd{ lgodfjnL @)#$ sf] kl/lw leq /xL n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u btf{ gjLs/0f nufot pBf]u k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{x? pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk'lt{ dGqfno cGt/utsf] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefun] clwsf/k|Tofof]hg u/L dftxtsf lhNnf l:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no÷ljsf; ;ldlt dfkm{t ;Dkfbg x'Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . b]zdf /fhg}lts kl/jt{g ;Fu;Fu } ; +3 k |b ]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/x? :yfkgf e} sfo{ ;~rfng e}/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno -;lrj :t/_ sf] ldlt @)&%.)^.!^ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;fljs 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefun] ;Dkfbg u/L/x]sf] sfo{x? k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno jf cGt/utsf pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxtlgb{]zgfnoaf6 g} ug{ u/fpg x'g egL lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] . o; kl/k|]Iodf ljutdf e}/x]sf pBf]u k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{x? s;/L ug{] eGg] cGof}ntf /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf l:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no÷ljsf; ;ldltdf btf{ e} ;~rfngdf cfPsf Dofb u'h|]sf kmd{x? gjLs/0f k|lqmofsf nfuL k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«]zg P]g @)!$ / k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«]zg lgodfjnL @)#$ sf] k|fjwfg leq /xL tf]lsPsf] b:t'/, b08 hl/jfgf lt/L @)&^ cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd Ps k6ssf nflu -jf u08sL k|b]zsf] k|fO{e]6 kmd{/lhi6«]zg P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlw cfPdf ;f]xL cg';f/ x'g] u/L_ of] dfu{bz{g tof/ u/LPsf] 5 .

@= dfkb08s= k|fO{e]6 kmd{ gjLs/0f ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6]«zg P]g, @)!$ / k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«]zg lgodfjnL, @)#$ adf]lhdtf]lsPsf] b:t'/ a'emfO{ btf{ ePsf pBf]u÷Joj;flos kmd{x? btf{ ePsf] ldltn] % jif{;Ddsf] nflu axfn /xg] Joj:yf 5 . pQm Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq ;DalGwt sfof{nodf uO{ gjLs/0f gu/fPdf k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«g lgodfjnL @)#$ sf] gjf}+ ;+zf]wgsf] lgod & -%_ sf] -s_ / -v_ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ b:t'/ lnO{ gjLs/0f u/Llbg] / o:tf] gjLs/0f cjlw @ jif{sf] x'g]5 .

v= k|fOe]6 kmd{ gjLs/0f ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf k|fOe]6 kmd{x?sf] gjLs/0f ;DaGwdf k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«]zg lgodfjnL @)#$ lgod & -$_ / -%_ cg';f/ klg gjLs/0f gu/fO{ Dofb u'h|]sf k|fOe]6 kmd{x?sf] gjLs/0f ;DaGwdf ;f] lgodfjnLsf] bzf}+ ;+zf]wgn] lgod !) -!_ df b]xfo ad]flhd Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

-!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg of] pklgod k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt\ k|fOe]6 kmd{ gjLs/0f u/fpg g;s]sf] k|fO{e]6 kmd{sf] wgLn] glj/s0f u/fpg g;s]sf] dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{ ;Djt\ @)&$ ;fn c;f/ d;fGt;Dd gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu b/vf:t lbPdf / o:tf] b/vf:t hfFema'em ubf{ sf/0f dgfl;j b]lvPdf ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] lgod & sf] pklgod $ adf]lhd k|To]s gjLs/0f cjlwsf] nflu nfUg] gjLs/0f b:t'/sf] t]Aa/ b:t'/ gjLs/0f u/fpg g;s]sf] aL; nfv;Dd k"FhL ePsf] k|fOe]6 kmd{sf] xsdf To:tf k|fOe]6 kmd{af6 k|To]s jif{sf nflu @,%)).– ?k}ofFsf b/n] / aL; nfv eGbf a9L k"FhL ePsf k|fOe]6 kmd{af6 k|To]s jif{sf nflu %,))).– ?k}ofFsf b/n] hl/jfgf lnO{ To:tf] k|fOe]6 kmd{ gjLs/0f u/Llbg'kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

112

u= gjLs/0f ;DaGwL lg0f{o x'g'kg{] ljifo M k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«]zg lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod !) -!_ cg';f/ tf]lsPsf]] cjlwleq gjLs/0f u/fpg g;s]sf k|fOe]6 kmd{sf wgLn] gjLs/0f u/fpg g;s]sf] dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{ ;Djt\ @)&^ cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd -jf u08sL k|b]zsf] k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«]zg P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlw cfPdf ;f]xL cg';f/ x'g] u/L_ gjLs/0f u/fpgsf nflu b/vf:t lbPdf k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6«]zglgodfjnL @)#$ bzf}+ ;+zf]wgsf] lgod !) -!_ adf]lhd gjLs/0f u/Llbg] . To:tf k|fOe]6 kmd{x?n] ;f]cjlwleq gjLs/0f gu/fPdf :jtM vf/]hLdf kg{] t/ vf/]hLdf k/]sf] sf/0fn] g]kfn ;/sf/÷k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{kg{] s/ bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQm x'g] 5}g egL lg0f{o ug'{kg{] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

113

cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ df ;+rflnt x'g] sfo{qmdx?sf]sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf–@)&%

k[i7e"ld u08sL k|b]z, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf] jg lgb]{zgfno / !!lhNnfsf l8lehg jg sfof{nox? / b'O{ lhNnfsf e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{nodfkm{t jg, jftfj/0f / hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f Pj+ Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL sfo{x? ug{sf] nflu cfly{s jif{ @)&%.)&^ df cfjZos sfo{qmd tyf jh]6 ljlgof]hg u/LPsf] 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmd / ljlgof]lht jh]6sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu pknAwL ;"rs nufotsf lj:tt[sfof{Gjog sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfo{df cfjZos ;xof]u u/L k|To]s sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;DkGg u/L u'0f:t/Lo k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf, @)&% hf/L u/LPsf] 5 .

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;+oGqx?M u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, jg lgb]{zgfno, jg cg';Gwfg tyf k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmdx? lhNnf l:yt l8lehg jg sfof{no / e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{non] cfkm" clwg:t ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] kl/rfng u/L ug'{

u/fpg' kg]{5 .

v08 !jg tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f Pj+ Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf

!= k|b]z :t/Lo ;+u7g ;+/rgfsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/ sfo{s|d -v=lz=g+=#!!!@_ b]zdf ;+l3otfsf] sfof{Gjog;+u} df}h'bf jg ;+u7gsf] k'g{;+/rgf eO{ xfn sfod x'g cfPsfk|b]z jg lgb]{zgfno, jg cg';Gwfg tyf k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, hnfwf/ Aoj:yfkg sfof{no, l8lehg jg sfof{no tyf ;f] cGtu{t /xg] ;j l8lehg jg sfof{nox?sf] sfof{no ejg gof+ lgdf{0f ug{, tnf yKg, gofF sf]7f yk ug{, sDkfp08 jfn lgdf{0f ug{ cflb gofF ;'wf/sf sfo{x? ;DkGg ug{ of] sfo{s|dsf] Joj:yf ePsf] xf] . of] sfo{s|d ;DkGg ug{ tTsflng jg ljefun] tf]s]sf] l8hfOg cg';f/ jf ah]6sf] l;dfleq /xL k|fljlwsjf6 Design tyf Estimate u/L :jLs[t Design tyf Estimate sf cfwf/df cfly{s lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd sfo{s|d ;DkGg ug{' kg]{ 5 .

hgzlQm Joj:yfkg o; sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf nflu l8lehg tyf ;j l8lehg jg sfof{nosf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;DjGwL l8hfOg tyf nfut Oi6d]6 OlGhlgol/ª k|fljlwsn] ug]{5 . sfo{ k|ultsf] cg'udg l8lehg jg sfof{non] ug]{5 . OlGhlgol/ª k|fljlwsn] sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ k]z ePsf] hfFrkf; tyf

Work Completion Report sf cfwf/df clGtd e'StfgL x'g]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 M–

:jLs[t design tyf Estimate

sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg (Work Completion Report)

lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/ sfo{df nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

114

sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f]ck]lIft pknJwL k|b]z pBf]u, ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf jg / hnfwf/

Aoj:yfkg;Fu;DalGwt sfof{nox?sf] ejg lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/ x'g]5g\ .ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/jf6 sfof{no4f/f k|bfg x'g] ;]jfdf k|efjsf/Ltf j9\g]5 .

@= pRr k|ljlwo'Qm ax'jlif{o g;{/L :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_:yfgLo pkef]Stfjf6 a9L dfu u/LPsf, Commercial Species, aLpm‘ ;lhn} pknJw x'g g;Sg], wfld{s tyf ;fFs[lts dxTj jf]s]sf aLpm‘af6 j]gf{ pdfg{ sl7g x'g], aLpmsf] jfRg ;Sg] Ifdtf / c+s'/0f k|ltzt sd ePsf k|hftLx?sf] pRr k|ljlw k|of]u u/L Large Scale df :yfoLg;{/Ldf lj?jf pTkfbg u/L l5d]sL lhNnfx?df ;d]t lj?jf ljt/0f ug]{ >f]t s]Gb| (SeedlingResouce Centre) sf] ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg] clek|fon] of] sfo{s|dsf] Joj:yf ePsf] xf] . o;df Multi Year Seedling pTkfbg ;d]t ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;f]sf] ;~rfngsf nflu jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] Norms cg';f/ k|fljlwsjf6 design tyf estimate u/L :jLs[tDesign tyf Estimate sf cfwf/df k|rlnt vl/b P]g lgod jdf]lhd :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng sfo{ ;DkGg ug{' kg]{ 5 . o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sd pRr k|ljlwo"Qm jx'jlif{o g;{/L :yfkgfsf nflu cfjZos tflnd, k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, lj?jf pTkfbgsf nflu cfjZos pRr k|ljlw ;DaGwL

d]lzg tyf pks/0f vl/b tyf h8fg, ;~rfng tyf cg'udg d"Nofª\sg ;DjGwL vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

hgzlSt Joj:yfkg

o; sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf nflu pRr k|ljlwo'Qm ax'jlif{o g;{/L :yfkgf tyf ;~rfngsf ljleGg

s[ofsnfksf] ;~rfng l8lehg jg sfof{nosf k|fljlws sd{rf/Ljf6 u/Lg]5 . o;sf cnjf lj?jf

pTkfbg ;DjGwL pRr k|ljlwsf] ljz]if1tf k/fdz{ ;]jf ;d]t vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5

:jLs[t Design tyf Estimate

vl/b eO{ h8fg u/LPsf pRr k|ljlw ;DjGwL d]lzg tyf pks/0fsf] ljj/0f

sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg (Work Completion Report)

:yfkg tyf dd{tdf nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f

lj:t[t ljj/0f ;lxtsf] g;{/L /lhi6/

pTkflbt lj?jfsf] hft / ;+Vof

lj?jf ljt/0fsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f]

ck]lIft pknJwL

l8lehg If]qleq pRr k|ljlwo'Qm :yfoL k|s[ltsf] ax'jlif{o g;{/L :yfkgf x'g]5 .

Seedling Resource Centre sf] ?kdf ljsf; x'g]5 .7"nf ;fOhsf lj?jf j[Iff/f]k0fsf] nflu pknJw x'g] / j[Iff/f]k0fdf lj?jf d[To"b/ Go"g x'g]5g\ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

115

#= jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu ;xof]u k"+lhut cg'bfg -v=lz=g+ @@%@@_ jg >f]tdf cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng u/L u/Lj tyf ljkGg 3/w'/Lx?sf]cfocfh{gdf ;d]t 6]jf k'¥ofpg of] sfo{s|dsf] k|:tfj ePsf] xf] . o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sdaf6 ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;d"x jf sj'lnotL jg ;d"xn] cfkm} jf b"O{ jf b'O{ eGbf j9L jg ;d"xåf/f jf ;d'x / lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf hl8j'6L k|zf]wg, kmlg{r/ pBf]u, j]tjfF;, cNnf], nf]Stf, nK;L, cdnf k|zf]wg h:tf pBf]usf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos pks/0f, ;fdfu|Lx? vl/b tyfAoj:yfkg vr{sf nflu cg'bfg ;xof]u pknJw u/fO{g] 5 . o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sd jgk}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu cfjZos ;xhLs/0f tyf k|fjlws ;xof]usf] nflu e|d0f

vr{, OGwgdf ;d]t vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

;d"x, ;+:yf jf JolQm 5gf}6sf cfwf/x?

;d"x, ;+:yf jf JolQmsf] ;lqmotf, ljutsf] cg'ej, dlxnf ;xeflutf, pBf]usf] sRrf kbfy{sf]

pknJwtf, ljjfb /lxt jftfj/0f, dfu / cf}lrTo h:tf j'Fbfx?nfO{ cfwf/ jgfO{ pBf]u jf pBf]uLsf]

5gf}6 u/Lg] 5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5

:jLs[t nfut Oi6d]6

sfo{s|d ;DkGgsf nflu tof/L u/LPsf] ;+emf}tf

pBd :yfkgfsf nflu ;xof]u u/LPsf d]lzg tyf pks/0fsf] ljj/0f

sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg (Work Completion Report)

sfo{s|d ;DkGgdf nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f

sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f]

k|fKt /f]huf/Lsf ljj/0f .

ck]lIft pknJwL

k'+lhut cg'bfg ;xof]un] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgf x'g]5 .

jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgfn] /f]huf/L l;h{gf eO{ cfocfh{gdf 6]jf k'Ug]5 .

$= zx/L jg k|jw{g tyf pBfg kfs{ lgdf{0f -v=lz=g+ @@%@@_

a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f;+u} gu/ If]qsf] jfo' tyf WjgL k|b"if0f j9\b} uO{/x]sf]n] zx/L jftfj/0f :jR5

jgfpg clt g} ckl/xfo{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ zx/L jftfj/0f :jR5 tyf xl/ofnL k|jw{gsf nflu

gu/ tyf zx/L If]qsf ;8s If]q, vfnL klt{ If]qdf ;bfjxf/ tyf ;f}Gbo{jw{s jf]6 lj?jfx? nufpg],

pBfg, dgf]/~hg kfs{ tyf kfl/l:yltsLo 1fg÷;"rgf s]Gb| nufotsf sfo{x? ug{ of] sfo{s|dsf]

Joj:yf ePsf] xf] . of] sfo{s|d ;DalGwt\ gu/kflnsf tyf ufp+kflnsf;+usf] ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{df

:yfgLo o'jf Snj, cfdf ;d"x, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;d"x, 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, ;fj{hlgs :s'n

h:tf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t lgsfo dfkm{t u/Lg]5 . l8lehg jg sfof{no jf cGtu{tsf k|fljlws

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

116

sd{rf/Lsf] ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0fdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/Lg]5 . o; sfo{s|d zLif{sdf Joj:yf ePsf] ah]6 pBfg lgdf{0f tyf Aoj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZos sfo{x? h:t} j[Iff/f]k0fsf nflu lj?jf vl/b, 9'jfgL, hUuf tof/L, vf8n vGg], lj?jf /f]k0f, 3]/jf/ Pj+ ;+/If0f, 8; ljg, l6s6 3/, km'nsf] Sof/L, lj>fd :yn, rf}t/L,+ zf}rfno, jfn dgf]/Ghgsf ;+/rgf h:tf ;/rgf lgdf{0f / sfo{s|dsf] cg"udg tyf d"Nofªg cfbL sfo{x?df vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

:yfg 5gf}6sf cfwf/x?nfut ;xeflutf, :yfgLo tx ;d'bfo jf ;+:yf sf] ;fem]bf/L, hUufsf] pknAwtf, lbuf]kgf, ljjfb /lxt jftfj/0f cflb .

hgzlSt Joj:yfkg o; sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf nflu pBfg kfs{ lgdf{0f ;DjGwL l8hfOg tyf nfut Ol{i6d]6;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf OlGhlgol/Ë k|fljlwsn] ug]{5 / xl/ofnL k|j4{g ;DjGwL nfut OG6d]6 l8lehg jg sfof{no cGtu{tsf k|fljlwsn] ug]{5 . sfo{sd|sf] sfof{Gjog l8lehg jg sfof{nosf k|fljlws sd{rf/L jf pkef]Stf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt dfkm{t ;~rfng u/Lg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 M– :jLs[t nfut Oi6d]6 sfo{s|d ;DkGgsf nflu tof/L u/LPsf] ;+emf}tf xl/ofnL jg k|jw{g tyf pBfg kfs{ lgdf{0f ;DjGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg (Work Completion Report) sfo{s|d ;DkGgdf nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f]

ck]lIft pknJwL zx/L If]qdf xl/ofnL k|j{wg eO{ jftfj/0f :jR5 x'g]5 .zx/L jfl;Gbfsf] nflu cfdf]b k|df]b tyf dgf]/Ghgsf] ;'ljwf k|fKt x'g] 5 .

zx/L If]qsf hf]lvddf k/]sf ;fj{hlgs hUufx?sf] ;+/If0f / Aoj:yfkg x'g]5 .

%= ;fd'bflos tyf sj'lnotL jg ;'wf/ sfo{s|d -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ xfnsf lbgx?df lhNnfdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos tyf sj'lnotL jg pkef]Stf ;d"xx?sf] ;s[otfj9fpg' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . tL ;d"xx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;DalGwt jg If]qsf] ;s[o jgJoj:yfkgsf s[ofsnfk dfkm{t :yfgLo pkef]Qmfsf] cfo{–cfh{gdf j[l¢ u/L :yfgLo ;d[4L xfl;n ug{;xof]u k'¥ofpg'' o; sfo{s|dsf] d"n p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{s|d cGtu{t sfo{qmdsf] kl/df0f tf]lsPsf]t/ s[ofsnfkx?sf] lsl;d / lsl;d cg';f/sf] jh]6sf] ;§f Psd'i7 jh]6 ljlgof]lht u/LPsf] 5 .pQm jh]6af6 lhNnfdf ;+rflnt ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; tyf sj'lnotL jg ljsf; b'j}nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L:jLs[t sfo{qmdn] tf]s]sf] kl/df0f cg';f/s} ;+Vofdf ljleGg pko'Qm sfo{x? to ug'{ kb{5 .pbfx/0f :j?k o; zLif{s cGt/ut lgDg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5M sfo{qmdx?

-!_ ;fd'bflos jg, sj'lnotL jg, wfld{s jg, ;/sf/4f/f Jojl:yt jg, lghL jgx?sf]

cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f, -;j l8lehg tyf lhNnf :t/df jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg tyf ljqmL

ljt/0f, jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u, /f]huf/L h:tf tYof+s cBfjlws ;lxtsf]

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

117

ljZn]if0ffTds k|ltj]bg tof/L / ljt/0f_ / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu e|d0f . -@_ ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng tyf ljqmL ljt/0f nufotsf ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/af6 hf/L u/LPsf lgb]{lzsfx?sf] :ynut uf]i7L, cGtlq{mof, k|lzIf0f . -#_ ;fd'bflos jg / sj'lnotL jg ;DjGwL k|rf/ k|;f/ ;fdfu|L k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f, jg ;+/If0fsf] nflu d]l8of kl/rfng lqmofsnfkx? . -$_ jg Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZos pks/0f tyf >ldssf] nflu ;'/Iff ;fdfu|L v/Lb tyf ljt/0f, jflif{s of]hgf th'{df, ;ldIff, :yfgLo tx;+u ;+o'Qm cg'udg . -%_ ;fd'bflos jg tyf sa''lnolt jgdf jg ;Dj4{g sfof{Gjog .-^_ jg k}bfjf/ k|zf]wg tyf pBd :yfkgf / ;~rfng .-&_ jg 89]nf] lgoGq0f tyf jx'jIfLo pkof]usf] nflu ;fd'bflos jgdf kfgL ;+sng kf]v/L (Conservation pond) lgdf{0f . -*_ ;fd'bflos jg sfo{ of]hgf k"g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu IEE tyf EIA -(_ k"/fgf / lgis[o jg ;d"xx?sf] ;zlQms/0f x'g] lqmofsnfkx? -!)_ u/LjL Go"lgs/0fsf nflu sj'lnotL jg sfo{qmd;+u ;DalGwt\ ;fdflhs kl/rfng, sj'lnotL jg ;xhstf{x?nfO{ pknJw u/fO{g] lkmN8 luo/ .-!!_ e"O{3fF;, 8fn]3fF;sf] jLp, lj?jf v/Lb tyf ljt/0f Joj:yfkg-!@_ ;fd'bflos jg, sj'lnotL jg / lghL jgsf pTs[i7 ;d"x, JolQm 5gf}6 / k'/:sf/ ljt/0f

-!#_ :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] dfu ;Djf]wg x'g] ;DalGwt\ sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5 .

;fd'bflos tyf sj'lnotL jg pkef]Stf ;d"xsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;, jg ;Dj4{g tyf Joj:yfkg, sfo{qmd cg'udg, ;Lk, ljsf; h:tf sfo{nfO{ k|d'v k|fyldstf lbO{ ug'{ kg]{5 . pNn]lvt sfo{ ;DkGg ubf{ nfUg] b}lgs eQf, oftfoft, OGwg, vfhf, ;+rf/ ;d]t o; zLif{s cGtu{t vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . sfo{qmd ljefhg ubf{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] ;zt{ sfo{qmd / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmd Ps cfk;df bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L ljefhg ug'{ kg]{5 / ljeflht pQm sfo{qmdx? Ps tx dflysf] lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 :jLs[t nfut Oi6d]6 sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/LPsf ;d"xx?sf] ljj/0f sfo{ ;DkGgsf] lj:t[t k|ltj]bg sfo{s|d ;DkGgdf nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f ;fGble{stf cg';f/sf sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f] sfo{qmdaf6 l;lh{t /f]huf/L -sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g' cl3 / kl5_ .

ck]lIft pknJwL sd ;lqmo ;fd'bflos tyf sj'lnotL jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/ x'g]5 .jg ;+jw{g tyf Joj:yfkgsf lqmofsnfkjf6 jgsf] ;'wf/ x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

118

gjLs/0f gePsf sfo{of]hgfx? Gfljs/0f x'g]5g\ .^= ;fd'bflos tyf sj'lnotL jg ;d"x kl/rfng tyf Ifdtf clej[l¢ -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_

;d"xx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sd vr{ ug'{ kg]{5 . o; cGtu{t g]t[Tj ljsf;, n]vf tyf clen]v Joj:yfkg, jg ;Djw{g tyf Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL cfjZos 1fg tyf ;Lk clej[l¢ ug{ tflnd, uf]i7L tyf cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f h:tf s[ofsnfk ;~rfng u/Lg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 :jLs[t nfut Oi6d]6 sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/LPsf ;d"xx?sf] ljj/0f tyf nfeflGjt 3/w'/L sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg sfo{s|d ;DkGg ubf{ nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f]

ck]lIft pknJwL ;fd'bflos÷sj'lnotL jg pkef]Stf ;d"xsf ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clej[l¢ eO{ ;d"x ;lqmo

x'g]5g\ .&= s[lif jg k|jw{g sfo{s|d -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ u|fld0f e]usf j:tLx?jf6 zx/lt/ j;fO{ ;g]{ s|d tLj| ?kdf eO{ /x]sf] / xfn u|fld0f

e]usf j:tLx?df dflg;x?sf] rfk sd eO{ s[lif >ldssf] cefjdf v]tL of]Uo lghL cfjfbL If]qx? vfnL /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 . lghL If]qsf ls;fgx?nfO{ l56f] j9\g] tyf rfF8} k|ltkmn lbg], cfod"ns k|hfltsf, jhf/sf] dfu cg'';f/sf tyf /f]huf/d'ns k|hftLx?sf] j[Iff/f]k0f, ;+/If0f / Aoj:yfkg h:tf sfo{df o; zLif{s cGtu{tsf] /sd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . u/LjL Go"lgs/0fsf nflu x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf sj'lnotL jg If]q / ;fd'bflos jg leqsf sj'lnotL jgdf ;DalGwt\ ;d"xnfO{ pNn]lvt k|hfltsf] Joj;flos v]tL lj:tf/sf nflu ;d]t vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; sfo{s|d cGtu{t s[lif jg k|jw{gsf nflu cfjZos s[lif tyf jg ;DjGwL aLpm j]gf{ vl/b, ;fdfuL 9'jfgL tyf /f]k0f, cg'udg h:tf sfo{x? u/Lg]5 .

o; lsl;dsf sfo{s|d ;~rfng ubf{ k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw''lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf cGtu{tsf] s[lif jg k|jw{g sfo{s|dsf] lgb]{lzsf cg';f/sf ks]6 If]q klxrfg, OR5's ls;fgsf] 5gf}6, s[lif jg k|jw{g ;DaGwL cGt/ls|of, cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f, 5gf}6 ePsf k|hflt cg';f/ vtL lj:tf/ tflnd ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 s[lif jg ;DjGwL k|fKt x'g] cjwf/0ff ;lxtsf] sfo{ ljlwx? ;d]t sfof{Gjog u/Lg] 5 .

sfo{s|d ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 :jLs[t nfut Oi6d]6 sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/LPsf ;d"xx?sf] ljj/0f hDdf vr{ ljj/0f ;lxtsf] sfo{ ;DkGg lj:t[t k|ltj]bg sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f] sfo{s|d ;~rfng ePsf] :yfgsf] lh=lk=o; ljGb'' jf Google earth Map

sfo{qmd kZrft cfDbfgL x'g nfUg] ;do / ck]lIft cfDbfgL

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

119

ck]lIft pknJwL :yfgLo pkef]Stfsf] lghL hUufx?df s[lif / jgsf] ljsf; eO{ lhNnfdf s[lif jgsf]

k|jw{g x'g]5 .vfnL /x]sf lghL cfjfbL If]qx?df j[Iff/f]k0f eO{ xl/ofnLdf j[l¢ x'g]5 .sj'lnotL jg -u/LjL Go"lgs/0f_ df jx'pkof]uL cfod"ns kmnkm"n v]tL ePsf] x'g]5 . ;fd'bflos jg leq sj'lnotL jgx? :yfkgf e} IftLu|:t jgdf Horti-silvi-pasture

k|j4{g ePsf] x'g]5 . /f]huf/Lsf yk cj;/x? ;[hgf x'g]5g\ .

*= wfld{s jg :f+/If0f sfo{s|d -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ lhNnfsf dxTjk'0f{ wfld{s :yn j/k/ /x]sf jg If]qx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu To:tf If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug]{, wfld{s ;d"x, ;d'bfo jf ;+:yfx? dfkm{t ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu wfld{s jg x:tfGt/0f tyf Aoj:yfkgsf sfo{x? u/Lg]5 . ;fy} df}h'bf wfld{s jgx?df xl/ofnL k|jw{gsf sfo{x? ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; zLif{sjf6 lalgof]lht /sd wfld{s ;d"x÷;d'bfo u7g ug{, sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f, 6fOlkª, lk|lG6ª tyf jfOlG8ª, e]nf j}7sdf x'g] lrofkfg, j[Iff/f]k0fsf nflu 7fp+sf] 5gf}6, hUuf tof/L, j]gf{ vl/b tyf 9'jfgL, /f]k0f tyf ;+/If0f, cg''udg, wfld{s jg k|rf/k|;f/df vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/LPsf wfld{s If]qx?sf] ljj/0f sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltb]g sfo{s|d ;DkGg ubf{ ePsf] vr{sf] ljj/0f sfo{ ;~rfng cl3 / ;DkGg kl5sf] kmf]6f]

o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts tyf kf}/fl0fs dxTjsf If]qsf] kfl/l:ysLo pIf'0otf sfod /fvL k|s[ltd}qL ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . s+lqm6hGo ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/L wfld{s jg If]qsf] e"–pkof]u kl/jt{g u/Lg] 5}g . •ck]lIft pknJwL lhNnfsf wfld{s :yn j/k/ /x]sf jgsf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu s]xL ;DefJo

If]qx? wfld{s jgsf] ?kdf x:tfGt/0f x'g]5g\ . :yfgLo d7, dlGb/ j/k/ j[Iff/f]k0f eO{ xl/ofnL k|jw{g x'g]5 . Wffld{s ko{6gsf] k|jw{g x'g]5 .

(= lghL jg ljsf;sf nflu k|f]T;fxg -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ lghL xsef]usf cfjfbL hUufdf /x]sf ?v lj?jfx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsf/Ltf j[l¢ u/fpg / ;b'kof]udf ;xhtf Nofpg To:tf If]qx?nfO{ lghL jgsf] ?kdf btf{ u/L lghL jgsf] ljsf; ug]{ of] sfo{s|dsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{s|ddf ljlgof]lht /sd lghL jg btf{sf nflu dfu eO{ cfPsf If]qsf] hUufsf] l;dfgf klxrfg ug{, cldg vl6P jfktsf] gfkL sfof{nodf nfUg] /fhZj, ?v lj?jfsf] gfk hf+r ug]{, Aofj;flos of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L lghL jg btf{sf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u k'/fpg] s[ofsnfkx? ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;fy} cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u, Joj:yfkg cf}hf/ ;xof]u, Joj:yfkg tflnd / k|f]T;fxg k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf

h:tf sfo{x?df ;d]t ;xof]u ug{ ;lsg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

120

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/LPsf lghL jgx?sf] ljj/0f lghL jg ljsf;sf nflu u/LPsf s[ofsnfkx?sf]] lj:t[t ljj/0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg ubf{ ePsf] vr{sf] ljj/0f lghL jg tyf btf{ k|df0f kqsf] kmf6f] . sfo{s|d ;~rfng ePsf] :yfgsf] lh=lk=o; ljGb'' jf Google earth Map

ck]lIft pknJwL lhNnfdf lghL jgsf] ljsf;sf nflu yk 6]jf k'Ug] / yk lghL jgx? btf{ x'g]5g\ . lghL jgsf] ljsf; tyf Jo:yfkgdf lghL jg wgLx? k|f]T;flxt x'g] . lghL hUufsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] jhf/Ls/0fdf j9f]Q/L cfpg] .

!)= k+rf;] ;+/lIft jg sfo{s|d -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f ljefujf6 :jLs[t sfo{sd sfof{Gjglgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf !=$ ;+/lIft jg k|jw{g tyf sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog jdf]lhd ug]{ . o;sf cnfjf k|fyldstf k|fKt /f]huf/Ld"ns, pTkfbgd'ns Pj+ ;+/If0fd'vL sfo{s|dx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ah]6 ljefhg u/L o; cGtu{tsf ls|ofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 . kfl/l:ysLo k|0ffnLdf k|lts'n k|efj kg]{ u/L ck|fs[lts tyf s+lqm6hGo ;+/rgf lgdf{0f, jg If]qsf] e"–pkof]u kl/jt{g lgoGq0f h:tf sfo{df ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 .

!!= dfgj / jGohGt' 4Gb Joj:yfkg ;xof]u -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ jgIf]qsf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg sfo{ Jofks x'b} ubf{ jGohGt'sf] ;+Vof ;d]tdf j[l4 e} u|fdL0fIf]qdf jf3, xflQ, lrt'jf, jfFb/, jFb]n h:tf hgfj/jf6 dfgj, kz'wg, v]tLkftL / ef}tLs ;DklQsf] IftL x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o;/L lbg k|ltlbg j9\b} uPsf] dfgj / jGohGt' ljrsf]åGbnfO{ Joj:yfkg tyf Go"lgs/0f cfhsf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{ o; zLif{sdfljlgof]lht /sdjf6 dfgj jGohGt' åGb Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{x? h:t} hgr]tgfd'Nfs sfo{s|d,uf]i7L, cGt{s[of sfo{s|d ;~rfng ug{ ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy} /]l8of] tyf kq klqsf, xf]l8Ë jf]8{, krf{ cflbjf6 ;d]t k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . jGohGt'jf6 x'g] IftLsf] /fxt ;xof]u lgb]{lzsf, @)^( -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg @)&$_ jdf]lhdsf] vr{ jfx]s lhNnfdf dfgj jGohGt' åGbsf sf/0f ;[lht ;d:of;dfwfgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ e}k/L cfpg] ls|ofsnfkx?df nfUg] vr{ h:t} oftfoft, vfhf, OGwg,k|fljlwsf] vr{, cf}iflw pkrf/, p4f/ ;fdfu|L, jGohGt''x?nfO{ cfjfbL If]qdf cfpg ljsif{0fug]{ vfnsf (Wildlife repellent) ls|ofsnfkx? Hf:t} jGohGt''nfO{ dg gkg]{ vfnsf afnL,;f}o{ jQL ;d]t o; zLif{sjf6 /sd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 M– :jLs[t nfut Oi6d]6 sfo{s|d ;DkGgsf nflu tof/L u/LPsf] ;+emf}tf sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg (Work completion report) sfo{s|d ;DkGgdf nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f tyf kmf]6f]x?ck]lIft pknlJw jGohGt'jf6 k|efljt If]qdf dfgj / jGohGt' ljrsf] åGb Joj:yfkg tyf Go'[lgs/0fdf ;xof]u

k'Ug]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

121

;x cl:yTjsf] efjgf ljsf; e} jg tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fdf pNn]Vo 6]jf k'u]sf] x'g]5 . !@= /fli6«o jg ljsf; sfo{sd -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_

g]kfnsf] jg If]qsf] Jf}1flgs 9+ujf6 ;+/If0f, ljsf; / Joj:yfkg ub}{ sfi7 tyf u}/sfi7 jgk}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j9fO{ :yfgLo / /fli6«o cy{tGqdf 6]jf k'/\ofpg ;lsG5 . jg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf hg;xeflutf clej[l4 u/L ;+/If0f / ljsf;nfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg'sf ;fy} o;jf6 :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x? ;[hgf u/L lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 . log} ;Defjgfx?nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ d'Vo u/L ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg Joj:yfkg, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, lhNnfsf] k~rjlif{o jg Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/L, jg ;Djw{g, ;b'kof]u tyf cfk"tL{sf sfo{sdx? ;d]t o; sfo{sd cGtu{t ug{ ;lsg]5 . cGo k|sf/sf jg tyf sfo{qmdn] g;d]6]sf]If]qdf jg ;DaGwL k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{s|d ;~rfng Pj+ jg tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf hg;xeflutf j[l4 cleofg ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . sfo{ If]q leqsf] /fli6«o jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg, rf]/L lzsf/L tyf clts|d0f lgoGq0f sfo{sf nflu sd{rf/L kl/rfng ubf{ nfUg] b}lgs eQf, oftfoft vr{, OGwg, ;+rf/, cg''udg, ;jf/L ;wfg dd{t ;+ef/, sfof{no ;~rfng ;DjGwL vr{sf ;fy} cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ v6fPsf] cj:yfdf nfUg] vr{ ;d]t o;} zLif{sjf6 ug{ ;lsg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 :jLs[t nfut Oi6d]6 sfo{s|d ;DkGgsf nflu tof/L u/LPsf] ;+emf}tfkmf]6f] ;d]tsf] sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg -Work completion report_sfo{s|d ;DkGgdf nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f

ck]lIft pknlJw /fli6«o jgsf] lbuf] ;+/If0f tyf ljsf;df 6]jf k''Ug] .;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgaf6 sf7 bfp/f pTkfbgdf j9f]Q/L ePsf] x'g]5 .

!#= jg clts|d0f lgoGq0f -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ g]kfnsf] jg If]q clts|d0f e} cGo k|of]hgdf k|of]u e}/x]sf] sfof{nosf clen]v / ;+rf/ dfWodjf6 hfgsf/L k|fKt e}/x]sf] 5 . ljutdf jg clts|d0f ;DjGwL tYof+s cBfjlws /fVg] k|of; u/LPsf] ePtfklg sltko l8lehg jg sfof{nox?df clts|d0fsf] gS;f ;lxtsf] Jojl:yt ljj/0f /fVg ;lsPsf] 5}g . t;y{ jgIf]q clts|d0fsf] cj:yf / If]qkmn klxrfg tyf gS;f+sg ug]{, clts|d0f x6fpg], cltqmldt jg If]qnfO{ k'gM jg If]q sfod ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ug{ cfjZos ;fwg, >f]t, hgzlQm kl/rfng ug{ of] zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sd vr{ ug"{ kg]{5 . clts|d0f x6fO{ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] vfnL hUufdf ;se/ ;xeflutfd'ns 9+un] ;+/If0f ug{ tyf k'gM clts|d0f x'g glbg] pkfox? ;d]t ug'{kb{5 . t;y{ o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]hg ePsf] jh]6 /sd clts|d0f lgoGq0f of]hgf tof/L, ;dGjo j}7s, hgr]tgfd'ns ;Gb]z k|zf/0f, cGt/ls|of sfo{s|d, clts|ldt hUuf 5'§ofO{ x6fpg] sfo{, tf/jf/ nufpg], j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{, cfjZostfg';f/ /f]lkPsf lj?jfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu x]/fn'sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 . cltsd0f x6fpgsf] nflu hgzlQm -sd{rf/L, ;'/IffsdL{ tyf cGo ;d'bfo_ kl/rfng ug{ bL3{sflng ;+/If0fsf] nflu x6fOPsf] cltqmldt If]q hf]l8Psf] ;fd'bflos jgdf ;dfj]z ug]{ u/L sfo{ of]hgf k"g/fjnf]sg h:tf sfo{x?sf] nflu cfjZostfg';f/ b}lgs eQf, vfgf, vfhf, oftfoft, OGwg, ;+rf/, ;jf/L ;fwg dd{t, pkrf/ vr{sf] nflu ;d]t

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

122

vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 clts|d0f x6fO{Psf] ldlt, If]qkmn, t'ngfTds kmf]6f], GIS gS;f ;d]t /flv tof/ kfl/Psf] k|ltj]bgclts|d0f x6fO{P kl5 u/LPsf] sfo{sf] kmf]6f] ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bgsfo{s|d ;DkGg ubf{ ePsf] vr{sf] ljj/0f

ck]lIft pknlJw clts|ldt jg If]q /fli6«o jgdf ;dflxt eO{ plrt Joj:yfkg x'g]5 . jg If]qsf] sfg"g sfof{Gjogdf hg ;xeflutf a9]sf] x'g]5 .

!$= jg ck/fw lgoGq0f -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sd lhNnf:t/df x'g] ljleGg jg ck/fw h:t} jg clts|d0f, rf]/L lzsf/, rf]/L lgsf;L /f]syfd, lgoGq0f / To:tf sfo{df ;+nUg ck/fwLx?sf] ;"rgf ;+sngsf nflu k|of]u ug'{kg]{5 . o; cGtu{t 6'/ u:tL ug]{, cfjZostfg';f/ b}lgs eQf, OGwg, vfhf, oftfoft vr{, ;+rf/ vr{, ;'/fsL vr{, ;"rgf vl/b, ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo, ;"rgf k|jfx / cGo >f]taf6 OlG6lnh]G; ;"rgf k|flKt, cfjZos tflnd, uf]i7L, cGt/ls|of, jg ck/fw lgoGq0fdf pTs[i6 ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] ;+3 ;+:yf AolStnfO{ k'/:sf/, jg ck/fw lgoGq0fsf nflu k|of]u x'g] ;/sf/L ;jf/L dd{t cflb sfo{df vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 sfo{ cfb]z tyf sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg .sfo{s|d ;DkGg ubf{ nfu]sf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f .

ck]lIft pknlJw lhNnfdf jg ck/fwsf 36gfx? lgoGq0f e} jg tyf jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f x'g]5 .

!%= jg 89]nf] lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ ;'Vvf tyf udL{ ;dodf jgh+un If]qdf ljleGg sf/0fjf6 cfunfuL Pj+ 89]nf]jf6 jgsf]gf]S;fg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . sltko cj:yfdf dflg;sf] lgoGq0feGbf jflx/ uO{ 7'nf] wg hgsf] IflQ;d]t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ jgsf] ;fy} cGo dfgjLo Pj+ ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;d]t ;'/Iffsf] nflu jg89]nf]sf] /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f k|efjsf/L 9+un] ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf nfluljlgof]hg ePsf] /sd lgolGqt 89]nf] nufpg], clUg lgoGq0f ;+hfn u7g tyf kl/rfng, jgIf]qdf ePsf] k|Hjnglzn ;'Vvf kbfy{ Joj:yfkg hf]lvdo'Qm jgdf kfgL kf]v/L lgdf{0f cflbsfo{x?df vr{ u/Lg]5 . clUg/]vf lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/ sfo{, k|rf/k|;f/, hgr]tgf clej[l4, sd{rf/L tyf;'/Iff lgsfo kl/rfng -eQf, O{Gwg, vfhf, kfgL cflb _ vr{, k|fylds pkrf/, bdsn kl/rfng, jg 89]nf] ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|;f/0f, clUg lgoGq0f ;DaGwLf ;fdfu|L, pks/0f vl/b tyf ljt/0f, clUg ;dg 6f]nL (Fire fighting team) kl/rfng sfo{sf nflu klg o;} zLif{sjf6 vr{ ug{ ;lsG5 . To;} u/L jg 89]nf] Go"lgs/0fsf nflu :ynut ;xlhs/0f, cled'lvs/0f, cGt/ls|of, tYof+s ;+sng nufotsf sfo{df ;d]t vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

123

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 M– ;~rfng ePsf] sfo{qmdx?sf] ;DkGg k|ltj]bg, kmf]6f] ;d]t

nfut tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f,

jg 89]nf] lgoGq0fsf] k|efjsf/Ltf -arfOPsf] cg'dflgt jgsf] If]qkmn_ ;+nUg JolQm tyf

;+3;+:yf, Ifltsf] ljj/0f, eljiodf ckgfpg'kg]{ /0fgLtL cflb

ck]lIft pknlJw jg 89]nf] lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ eO{ sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .

jg 89]nf]af6 x'g] IftLdf Go"g ePsf] x'g]5 .

!^= jg aLpm ju}+rf -seed stand tyf seed orchard) ;+/If0f tyf ;'wf/ sfo{sd lg/Gt/tf

-v=lz=g+= @@%@@_

ljutdf jg ;Djw{g dxfzfvf cGtu{t /x]sf If]qLo:t/sf sfof{no -TISC_x?jf6

g]kfnsf ljleGg lhNnfdf seed stand tyf seed orchard :yfkgf ePsf lyP . g]kfndf d"Vo u/L

jghGo ?v Pj+ jx'pkof]uL k|hfltsf] u'0f:t/o'Qm aLpm pTkfbg ug{ / To:tf aLpmsf] >f]tsf]

;+/If0f ug{ :yfkgf u/LPsf seed stand tyf seed orchard sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;'wf/ sfo{ h?/L

/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ o; zLif{s cGtu{t ljlgof]lht /sd pQm seed stand tyf seed orchard sf]

;+/If0fsf nflu x]/fn', tf/jf/, emf8L ;'wf/, clen]lvs/0f, Name tagging h:tf sfo{sf] ;fy aLpm

aFu}}rfsf] :t/f]GgtL ug{ u/Lg] s[ofsnfkdf vr{ u/Lg] 5 . o;sf] nflu hgzlQm kl/rfng ubf{

nfUg] eQf, vfhf, oftfoft vr{, Hofnf, ;+rf/ tyf cfjZos ;fdfu|Ldf ;d]t vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

jg aLpm ju}+rf gePsf] xsdf :yfgLo tyf /}yfg] tyf jx''pkof]uL k|hfltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{

seed stand :yfkgf, jg aLpm ju}+rf :yfkgfsf nflu k"jf{wf/ tof/L, k|hftL tyf dfp ?v

5g}f6, clen]lvs/0f, aLpm ;+sng h:tf sfo{ ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . pSt k|of]hgsf nflu

cfjZos ;jf/L O{Gwg tyf lkmN8df vl6g] sd{rf/Lx?sf] b}lgs e|d0f eQf ;d]tsf] vr{ o;}

zLif{sjf6 Aoxf]l/g] 5 . k"/fgf :yflkt tyf gofF :yfkgf x'g] jg jLp ju}+rf ;fd'bflos jg leq

kg]{ ePdf ;DalGwt\ ;fd'bflos jg sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/L l8lehg jg clws[taf6 :jLs[t lng'

kg]{5 . o; lsl;dsf jLp ju}+rf Joj:yfkg sfo{ ;DalGwt\ pkef]Qmf ;d"x dfkm{t u/fpg' kg]{5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5

;~rfng ePsf] sfo{qmdx?sf] kmf]6f] ;d]t ;DkGg k|ltj]bg,

nfut tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f

seed stand tyf seed orchard ePsf] :yfgsf] GIS gSzf

ck]lIft pknlJw l8lehg sfof{no cGtu{t /x]sf jg aLpm ju}+rfsf] ;+/If0f, ;'wf/ Pj+ gofF aLpm aFUf}rf ;d]t

:yfkgf x'g]5g\ . ;fy} ePsf aLpm ju}+rfsf] clen]lvs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

124

!&= afXo ldrfxf k|hftLsf] lgoGq0f -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ lhNnfdf JofKt ?kdf /x]sf d'Vo afXo ldrxf k|hftLx? -jgdf/f, lgnf] uGw], ufh/]emf/, hns'DeL, dfOs]lgof, kfy]{lgod, nx/] emf/ cflb_ / o;af6 al9 k|efljt ePsf] If]qsf] klxrfg tyf gS;f+sg ug{, o;sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 h:t} ldrfxf k|hftLaf6 a9L k|efljt ePsf] If]qsf] klxrfg, ljZn]if0f, :yfgLo ;d'bfo;+u cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd, hgr]tgfsf sfo{qmd, k|rf/ k|;f/ ;fdfu|L k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f, ldrxf k|hftL x6fpg] s'g} k|ljlw ;DaGwL :ynut cEof;, cf}ifwL tyf cf}hf/ vl/b, eG;f/ sfof{no, k|x/L gfsf, s[lif, kz'' ljsf; sfo{fno, :yfgLo tx, s[ifs cflb;Fu cGt/s[of, cg';Gwfg tyf o:tf k|hftLsf] a}slNks k|of]u cflb .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg eP kZrft k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . d'Vo ldrfxf k|hftLsf] gfd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] If]qsf] gfd / 7]ufgf lgoGq0fsf nflu ckgfO{Psf] d'Vo ljlw ;~rfng u/LPsf d'Vo sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f

ck]lIft pknlAw ;fd'bflos jg, lghL jg, sj'lnotL jg nufot ;Dk"0f{ /fli6«o jg If]qdf JofKt /x]sf jfXo ldrfxf k|hftLx?sf] lgoGq0f u/L :yfgLo k|hftLx?sf] ;+/If0f ug{ 6]jf k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

!*= ;+s6fkGg tyf nf]kGd'v jGohGt' ;+/If0f sfo{qmd -lxp+lrt'jf, zfns, /]8kfG8f cfbL_ -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ ;DalGwt sfof{non] lhNnfsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ks]6 If]qdf kfO{g] ;s+6fkGg / nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf jGohGt' k|hflt -lxp+lrt'jf, zfns, /]8kfG8f cfbL_ sf] klxrfg u/L ;f] sf] ;+/If0f (In-situ conservation) ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] . o;sf] nflu k|d'v nf]kf]Gd'vk|hfltx? 5gf}6 u/L ;f] ks]6 If]q gS;f+sg ug]{, nf]kf]Gd'v k|hfltsf jGohGt'x? ;+/If0fsf] nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZos sfo{x? ;DalGwt sfof{no jf k/fdz{bftfaf6 ug{] sfo{df vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;fy} o:tf k|hfltx?sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ;d'bfo:t/df ;+/If0f ;d"x, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t rf]/L lzsf/L lgoGq0f (CBAPO) O{sfO dfkm{t jf;:yfg ;+/If0f tyf rf]/L lzsf//f]syfd ;DalGw ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf nf]kGd'v jGohGt'x? ;fd'bflos jgIf]q leq kg]{ ePdf ;DalGwt ;d'xx?;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L ;+/If0fdf k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ ;+/If0fsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sdaf6 ;d]t e'QmfgL lbg ;lsg]5 . o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t hgr]tgd'ns tflnd,uf]i7L, k|rf/ k|;f/, s]h lgdf{0f, jf;:yfg ;'wf/, 6'x'/f jGohGt'' p4f/ Pj+ Aoj:yfkg, k'/:sf/ cflb cfjZostf cg';f/ ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . • sfo{qmd ;DkGg eP kZrft k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;+/If0fdf ePsf] pknlAw -;"rs ;lxt_ / sfo{s|dsf] k|efjsfl/tf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . • ck]lIft pknlAw

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

125

;+s6fkGg tyf nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf /x]sf ljleGg jGohGt'x?sf] ;+/If0f 6]jf k'Ug]5 .

!(= ;fd'bflos jg sfo{of]hgf gjLs/0f -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ jg P]g @)$(, jg lgodfjnL @)%! tyf ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] dfubz{g, @)&! n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfjZos k|lqmofx? k'/f u/]/ ;DkGg ug]{ . sfo{of]hgf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{sf];xhLs/0f ;j l8lehg jg sfof{nosf sd{rf/Laf6 tyf :jLs[ltsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{ sfd sDtLdf /]Gh/ txsf jg k|flalwsaf6 x'g' kg]{5 . o;sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg >f]t ;e]{If0fdfu{bz{g, @)^! cg';f/ jg >f]t ;e]{If0f ug]{ tyf GPS af6 ;Ldf ;e]{If0f tyf Sample plot layout u/L ;fd'bflos jgsf] la:t[t gS;f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . sfo{ of]hgf gjLs/0f ubf{h}ljs ljljwtf tyf jftfj/0fLo ;]jf ;+/If0f tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{ / ;DalGwt\ ;d"xn] ef]uu/L/fv]sf] jg If]q -ljutdf ;dfj]z x'g 5'6 ePsf] ePdf dfq_ yk ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 . o;df k|lt ;d"x ?=!),))).– -?= bz xhf/ dfq_ ;Dd b/n] vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;f] pknAw ah]6af6 jg >f]t ;e]{If0f, gSzf tof/L, 6f]n÷;d'bfo 5nkmn uf]i7L, vfhf vr{, e|d0f vr{, O{Gwg, ;+rf/ / sfo{of]hgf tof/Lsf] nflu 6fOlkª, lk|lG6ª / afO{lG8ªdf vr{ ug'{kg]{5 . ;fy} sfo{of]hgf gjLs/0f sfo{ ;]jf k|bfos dfkm{t ug'{ k/]df ?= @%))).– ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg kl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 . gjLs/0f u/LPsf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] gfd / 7]ufgf gjLs/0f u/LPsf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] If]qkmn ;fdflhs ;d"x cg';f/sf] nfeflGjt 3/w'/L ;+Vof / hg;+Vof Gfljs/0f ubf{ yk36 ePsf d"Vo d"Vo jF'bfx?

ck]lIft pknlAw ;fd'bflos jgsf] sfo{of]hgf gjLs/0f eO{ ;d"xåf/f jgsf] zt{t ?kdf Aoj:yfkg ePsf

x'g]5 . ;fd'bflos jgaf6 sf7 bfp/f pTkfbgdf j9f]Q/L ePsf] x'g]5 .

@)= ;fd'bflos jg ljwfg sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ jg P]g @)$(, jg lgodfjnL @)%! tyf ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] dfubz{g, @)&! n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfjZos k|lqmofx? k'/f u/]/ ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{5 . ljwfg tof/L, sfo{of]hgf tof/L tyf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{sf] ;xhLs/0f ;j l8lehg jg sfof{nosf sd{rf/Laf6 tyf l;kmfl/; ug{]sfd sDtLdf /]Gh/ txsf jg k|flalwsaf6 x'g'kg]{5 . o;sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg >f]t ;e]{If0f dfu{bz{g, @)^! cg';f/ jg >f]t ;e]{If0f ug]{ tyf GPS af6 ;Ldf ;e]{If0f tyf Permanent sample plot layout (GPS point ;d]]t /fvL_ u/L ;fd'bflos jgsf] la:t[t gSzf ;d]t k]z ug'{kg]{5 . o;df pknAw ah]6af6 jg >f]t ;e]{If0f, gSzf tof/L, 6f]n÷;d'bfo 5nkmn uf]i7L, vfhf vr{, e|d0f vr{, O{Gwg, ;+rf/ / lawfg tyf sfo{of]hgf tof/Lsf] nflu 6fO{lkª, lk|lG6ª / afO{lG8ªdf vr{ ug'{ kg]{5 . • sfo{qmd ;DkGg kl5 k|ultdf lgDg a+'bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 . x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf] If]qkmn x:tfGtl/t ;fd'bflos jgsf] gfd / 7]ufgf ;d"x cg';f/sf] nfeflGjt 3/w'/L ;+Vof / hg;+Vof sfo{ ;ldltsf] :j?k -;+Vof tyf ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj_

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

126

ck]lIft pknlAw of] sfo{qmd ;~rfngjf6 ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ljwfg / sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fdf

;xof]u eO{ jgsf] :yfgLo ;d""xåf/f lbuf] Aoj:yfkg ePsf] x'g]5 . yk /fli6«o jg If]q ;d'bfoaf6 Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g]5 .

@!= ks]6 If]qdf hl8a'6L v]tL ljsf; tyf k|j4{g -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ lhNnf leq kfO{g] k|fyldstf k|fKt hl8a'6Lx?sf] ks]6 If]q klxrfg u/L ;f] If]q j/k/ /x]sf ;fd'bflos jg, /fli6«o jg tyf gLlh jgaf6 cfocfh{g tyf /f]huf/L a9fpg tyf ;d"xdf /x]sf ;b:ox?sf] u/LaL Go"gLs/0fdf of]ubfg k''¥ofpg] clek|fon] of] lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . o;sf nflu lgodfg';f/ pkef]Qmf ;d"x, AolSt, ;+3 ;+:yf ;+u ;Demf}tf u/L hl8a'6Lsf] vtL lj:tf/, ljsf; / k|jw{g ;DaGwL ljljw sfo{x? ;~rfng ug{sf nflu klqsf, ;fj{hlgs hg;Dks{sf sfof{no / ks]6 If]qsf j8f sfof{nox?df slDtdf !% lbg] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L k|:tfj cfXjfgug]{ . OR5's pBdL, ;fd'bflos tyf sj'lnotL jg ;d"x jf ls;fgn] k|sflzt ;"rgf jdf]lhdk|:tfj k|fKt ug]{ . Jofj;flostf pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf, ahf/sf] kx'+r, k|:tfjssf] nufgL k|ltzt, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 kmls{Psf o'jf / cg'ej nufotsf ljifonfO{ Wofg lbO{ o:tf dfkb08sf cfwf/df pTs[i6 k|:Tffj 5gf}6 u/L l8lehg jg sfof{non] v]tL lj:tf/sf nflu ;Demf}tf ug]{ . sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ k|yd ls:tf :j?k &% k|ltzt / clGtd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkZrft jf+ls @% k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ . o; sfo{qmddf Ifdtf clej[l4, hl8a'6L lj?jf vl/b tyf pTkfbg, /f]k0f sfo{, pBd :yfkgf tyf ahf/Ls/0f, cg''udg nufotsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;lsg]5 . hl8a'6L /f]k0fu/LPsf] If]qdf tn pNn]lvt ljj/0fx? ;lxtsf] Pp6f xf]l8{Ë af]8{ ;d]t /fVg'kg]{5 .

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a+'bfx? ;dfa]z ug'{kg]{5 . lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ePsf] If]q jf ;d"xsf] gfd, 7]ufgf hUufsf] lsQf g++=, lkmN8a's, gS;f, If]qkmn, GPS Waypoints nfeflGjt 3/w'/L, nfut v]tL lj:tf/ u/LPsf] hl8a'6Lsf] k|hftL / ;++Vof sfo{:ynsf] kmf]6f] / ljQLo k|ult sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ b]vfk/]sf ;d:ofx?

5gf}6sf cfwf/x?;d"x, ;+:yf jf JolQmsf] ;lqmotf, ljutsf] cg'ej, dlxnf ;xeflutf, ljjfb /lxt jftfj/0f,

dfu / cf}lrTo h:tf j'Fbfx?sf] cfwf/df lglZrt sfo{{;"rL ljj/0f (TOR) jgfO{ 5gf}6 u/Lg] 5 . ck]lIft pknlAw

hl8j'6Lsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ eO{ cfo cfh{gdf 6]jf k''Ug] 5 . :yfgLo If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf x''g] . Vf]/ uPsf] hUufsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] .

@@= ;fd'bflos tyf gLlh g;{/LnfO{ zf]elgo jg:klt pTkfbg sfo{qmd - v=lz=g=@@%@@_ zx/ ahf/, ;8s lsgf/ If]qnfO{ ;'Gb/ xl/ofnL If]qsf] ?kdf lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] :yfgLo jgpkef]Qmf ;d"x jf lghL g;{/L ;+rfnsnfO{ zf]elgo la?jf pTkfbg ug{ o; sfo{s|djf6 cg'bfg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

127

pknAw u/fOg]5 . la?jf pTkfbg ug'{ eGbf klxnf g} l8lehg jg sfof{noaf6 OR5's ;d"x jf lghL g;{/L ;+rfnsx?;+u k|:tfj cfJxfg ug]{, OR5's ;d"x jf lghL g;{/L ;+rfns 5gf}6ug]{ / ;DalGwt :yfgLo ;d"x jf JolQm;Fu ;Demf}tf u/Lg]5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ b'O{ ls:tfdf a:t'ut jf gub e'QmfgL ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L pTkflbt lj?jf ;DalGwt\ pTkfbgstf{n] :jtGq ?kdf d"No lgwf{/0f u/L ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

• sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg a'+bfx? ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 . la?jf pTkfbg ug]{ ;d"x, JolQm, ;+3 ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf pTkflbt la?jfx?sf] hft / ;+Vof ljqmL ljt/0fsf] nut

5gf}6sf cfwf/x? ;d"x, ;+:yf jf JolQmsf] ;lqmotf, ljutsf] cg'ej, dlxnf ;xeflutf, ljjfb /lxt jftfj/0f, dfu / cf}lrTo h:tf j'Fbfx?sf] cfwf/df lglZrt sfo{{;"rL ljj/0f (TOR) jgfO{ ;d"x 5gf}6 u/Lg] 5 .

ck]lIft pknlAw :yfgLo ?kdf pTkflbt u'0f:tl/o zf]elgo lj?jf pTkfbg eO{ ;j{;'ne ?kdf pknAw

x'g]5 . ;fy} uf+p zx/sf vfnL hUufdf j[Iff/f]k0f eO{ xl/ofnL k|j4{gdf ;d]t 6]jf k'Ug]5 . lghL g;{/L ;+rfns tyf ;d"xnfO{ yk cfDbfgL tyf /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf ePsf] x'g]5 .

@#= ;fd'bflos jgdf kof{ko{6g ljsf; ;xof]u sfo{qmd -v=lz=g=@@%@@_ ;"rgf dfkm{t k|:tfj cfJxfg u/L lhNnf leq kof{ko{6gsf ljsf; nflu ;Defjgf ePsf ;fd'bflos jgx?sf] klxrfg ug'{ kg]{5 . kof{ko{6gdf cfjZostf cg';f/ zx/L jg k|j4{g tyf pBfg kfs{ lgdf{0f cg';f/sf ls|ofsnfk ug{, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf u/Lj, ljkGg tyf dlxnfx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] :yfgLo ?kdf xf]d:6]sf] ljsf; ;d]t ug{ / pQm sfo{sf] nflu tflnd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ;fd'bflos jgdf kof{ko{6g k|j4{g lgb]{lzsf, @)&% cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

• sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|ultdf lgDg j'+bfx? ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;D´f}tf u/]sf] :yfgLo jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] gfd / 7]ufgf ;D´f}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf sfo{x?sf] k|ult ljj/0f k|fKt /f]huf/L / cfo cfh{g

5gf}6sf cfwf/x? ;d"x jf ;+:yfsf] ;lqmotf, ljutsf] cg'ej, dlxnf ;xeflutf, ljjfb /lxt jftfj/0f, dfu /cf}lrTo h:tf j'Fbfx?sf] cfwf/df lglZrt sfo{{;"rL ljj/0f (TOR) jgfO{ 5gf}6 u/Lg] 5 .

ck]lIft pknlAw cJojl:yt ?kdf ;~rfng e} /x]sf kof{ko{6g ultljlw Jojl:yt x'g]5g\ . . ;fd'bflos jgaf6 kof{ko{6gdf pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'u]sf] x'g]5 . ;fd'bflos jgsf] cfo j[l4 x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

128

@$= ;fd'bflos jgdf j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg -sfo{of]hgf tof/L tyf sfof{Gjog_ -v=lz=g=@@%@@_ ;fd'bflos jgsf] j}1flgs Aoj:yfkgsf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f÷k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ jf lgdf{0f ePsf sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf of] zLif{ssf] /sd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; cGtu{tsf] ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] jl9df ?= rf/ nfv j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf tof/Ldf vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . sfo{ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos cfw'lgs cf}hf/, pks/0f, sfo{:yndf k|of]u u/Lg] ;'/Iff ;fdfu|Lx? v/Lb / Joj:yfkg sfo{df vl6g] >lds tyf sd{rf/Lx? kl/rfng nufotsf] sfo{df yk a9Ldf ?=rf/ nfv;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; zLif{ssf] /sd ljz]iftM j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;DalGwt\ pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] ;d]t k|fyldstfsf] ;fy nufgL ug'{ kg]{ x'bfF sf]ifsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf ;d"xnfO{ cg'bfg pknJw u/fpg k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 . sfo{fGjog lgb]{lzsf jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t jg tyf e"–;+/If0f ljefusf] sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf @)&% cg';f/ ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 .

s= ;fd'bflos jg If]q 5gf}6 j'9f ?Vfx? w]/} ePsf], 3gf jg, ;fdfGotof !)) x]= jf ;f] eGbf a9L If]qkmndf k'g?Tkfbgsf] ;"lglZrt x'g] u/L, jg ;Djw{g k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t /x]/ ;fd'bflos jg tyf ;+/lIft jg If]qsf] s'g} efu ;d]t j}1flgs jg Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsG5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps eGbf j9L ;fd'bflos jgx? ;d]t ;d]6L, nfe ljt/0fsf] Gofof]lrt Aoj:yf u/L Pp6} Jnsdf klg jg Aoj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5. o;sf] nflu l8lehgn jg clws[tn] ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf v]ln ;dfj]; x'g] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?sf] -;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;xdlt lnP/ jg sfo{of]hgf kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{5 . pTkfbgd"ns Aoj:yfkg ug]{ / Aoj:yfkgsf ultljlwx? ;+3g x'g] ePsf]n] jftfj/l0fo jf e"–Ifosf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn If]q 5gf}6 ug'{ x'+b}g . t/ 7"nf] Jnsx?df dfq geP/ cGo k|s[ltsf] ;–;fgf] k|bz{gd'vL sfo{s|dx? klg ;fd'bflos jgdf j}1flgs jg Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu :jLs[t u/LPsf] x'bf s'g} If]qsf] nflu ljz]if :yfg If]qsf] k|s[lt tyfljz]iftf cg';f/ If]q Plsg ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] If]q klxrfgsf] sfo{ l8lehg jg sfof{non] Psk|fljlws ;ldlt agfP/ cfjZos k/]df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;d]t ;Nnfx ;'emfjdf lg0f{o ug{' kb{5 .

v= ;fd'bflos jg Aoj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf tof/L -kl/dfh{g_, :jLs[lt tyf sfof{Gjog -!_ ;fd'bflos jg leq j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;dfj]; ls|ofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug{sf]

nflu ;a{k|yd jg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg], 5gf}6df k/]sf ;fd'bflos jgsf ;ls|o kbflwsf/Lx?, pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ ;dfj]; u/L ;DalGwt\ jg If]qd} tflnd lbg] ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] tflnd j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg nfu' e};s]sf jg If]qdf g} nu]/ klg ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf] cg'lzIf0f, tflnd tyf of]hgf tof/Ldf lgDg adf]lhd ljifox? ;dfj]; ug'{ kg]{5

jg Aoj:yfkgsf] cf}lrTo . jg Aoj:yfkgsf] tl/sfx? v08 ljefhg, ;xeflutfTds jg ;|f]t ;j]{If0f, jg ;j]{If0fsf] glthfx?af6 l;sfO{, jgsf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{ tl/sfx?sf] l;kmfl/; ug]{

tl/sfx?, jg ;+jw{g k4ltsf] ljj/0f . jg Aoj:yfkgaf6 k|fKt x'g] jg k}bfjf/sf] ljt/0f tl/sf tyf nfesf] afF8kmfF8 . cfly{s Aoj:yfkg cflb .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

129

-@_ ;fd'bflos jgx?sf] sfo{ of]hgf tof/L sfo{df k|fljlws ;xfotf l8lehg jg sfof{non] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . t/ l8lehg jg sfof{nosf] hgzlQmn] gEofpg] ePsf] cj:yf tyf

pko'Qm k|fljlws Ifdtf gePsf] cj:yfdf jfXo ;|f]t tyf k/fdz{ ;]jfaf6 ;d]t sfo{ of]hgfx? tof/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-#_ jg Aoj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|fKt /sd jg k}bfjf/x? s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL tyf ;+sng Pj+ jgsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu hg ;xeflutf kl/rfng x'g g;Sg] ls|ofsnfkx?df vr{ ug'{ kg]{5 . jg Aoj:yfkg ubf{ sfod u/LPsf] rs| dWo] Ps rs|sf] nflu lbPsf] ;xof]u 3'DtL sf]ifsf] ?kdf kl/rfng ug]{ u/L ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] jg sfo{of] hgfdf ;dfj]; ug]{ . o:tf] ;xof]u lbO ;lsPsf] ;d"xx?nfO k'gM sfof{Gjog ;xof]u pknAw gu/fpg] . -$_ jg Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ jg ;+jw{gsf] nflu pkof]uL ;fdlu| cf}hf/x? vl/b ubf{ ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]g, @)^# tyf lgodfjnL, @)^$ jf ;se/ g]kfnL ;]jf k|bfos jf

ljls| stf{af6 vl/b ug]{ . o:tf] vl/b ug]{ ;fdlu|x? g]kfn u'0f:t/ lrGx k|fKt jf ISO

k|df0f kq k|fKt sDklg jf ;+:yfx?af6 vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] cf}hf/x?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{ / ;f] ;"rLx?sf] lni6 ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d'xsf] jg sfo{of]hgf tyf sfof{nodf klg /fVg nufpg] .

u= cg'udg tyf k|ult k|ltj]bg;fd'bflos jgx?sf] j}1flgs jg Aoj:yfkgsf] k|ToIf cg'udgsf] sfo{ l8lehgn jg

clws[tn] ;DalGwt ;a l8lehg jg sfof{nosf clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]Sg] tyf l8lehgn jgclws[t :jod\n] slDtdf b'O{ dlxgfsf] Ps k6s :ynut cg'udg u/L lgb]{zgfno lgoldt k7fpg] k|ultdf ;dfj]; ug]{ . ;f] k|ltj]bgdf ePsf s[ofsnfkx? tyf pknlAwx? -;+/If0f tyf Aoj:yfkg ePsf] jgsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg kl/df0f, ePsf ;'wf/x?, ;[lht /f]huf/L, cfo cflb_ pNn]v ug{'kg]{5 . o:tf] cg'udg sfo{df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutf kl/rfng ug]{ .

3= nfut cg'dfg tyf vr{ ug]{ tl/sf j}1flgs jg Aoj:yfkg nufot o;;+u ;DalGwt zLif{ssf] ;a} ls|ofsnfkx? jg tyf

jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] gd{; cg';f/ ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . ;f] gd{;df pNn]v gePsf]ls|ofsnfkx? h:t} sf7sf] 9'jfgL, ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ef8f b/, vghf]t nufot cGo sfo{sf] nflu ef8fdf lng] j'N8f]h/ cflbsf] ef8f b/, :yfgLo HofdLsf] Hofnf b/ cflb lhNnfsf] :jLs[t b//]6 cg';f/ ;~rfng ug'[ kg]{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ / lhNnf b//]6df ;d]t gePsf sfo{x? ;DkGg ug'{ k/]df tTsfn pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] j}7saf6 lg0f{o u/fO{ vr{ ug]{ / lhNnf b//]6df ;dfj]z ug{ l8lehg jg sfof{nodf k7fpg' kb{5 . ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x nufot ;a}n] k|To]s dlxgfdf ePsf] sfd tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ / sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/L;s] kl5 ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0fsf] k4lt cjnDag ug]{ .

hgzlQm Joj:yfkg l8lehg tyf ;a l8lehg jg sfof{nox?sf sd{rf/L, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x÷;ldlt, :yfgLo tx nufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] ;dGjo / ;xlhs/0fdf u/Lg] . of] sfo{ ;]jf v/Lb u/L klg ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .

• ck]lIft pknlAw ;fd'bflos jgx?df j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg eO{ u'0f:t/Lo sf7bfp/fsf] pTkfbg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

130

tyf :yfgLo /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf u/L /fli6«o cy{tGqdf 6]jf k'Ug] . ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] cfDbfgL j9f]Q/L e} jgsf] cj:yfdf u'0ffTds ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

@%= k|b]z:t/df hnjfo" kl/jt{g cg's'ng sfo{ of]hgf lgdf{0f -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ k|b]z :t/df hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf] sf/0faf6 jg tyf jftfj/0f If]qdf k/]sf] k|efjnfO{ ;fdgf u/L

cg's'lnt x'g k|b]z cGtu{t xfn;Dd tof/ ePsf cg's'ng of]hgfx?nfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ u/L u08sL k|b]z :t/Lo cg's'ng of]hgf tof/ kfg{ o; sfo{qmddf /sd ljlgof]hg u/LPsf] 5 . o; lqmofsnfk cGtu{t lgDg s'/fx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rL tof/ u/L k|b]z pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg] .

k|rlnt cfly{s k|zf;g lgb]{lzsf / ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]g lgodsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 u/L sfoo{ k"/f u/Lg] 5 .

o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]hg ePsf] /sdaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf nfUg] vr{ nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z u/Lg]5 .

ck]lIft pknlAw k|b]z:t/Lo hnjfo" kl/jt{g cg's'ng of]hgf dfkm{t hnjfo" kl/jt{g;+u ;DalGwt\ ;a}

sfo{qmdx? k|b]z sfo{qmddf d"n k|jflxs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

@^= jGohGt' p2f/ s]Gb| :yfkgf -v=lz=g+= @@%@@_ u08sL k|b]z cGtu{tsf ljleGg lhNnfx?df c;xfo 3fOt], j:tLdf k;L ;dfltPsf tyf d'2fsf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt x'g] jGohGt'x?sf] oyf;dodf p2f/ ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL ljut jif{x?df sf:sL lhNnf l:yt kre}of ;fd'bflos jg If]qdf :yfgLo ;d"xn] jGohGt' p2f/ s]Gb| ;~rfng u/L/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;sf] lg/Gt/tf / Ifdtf lj:tf/sf] nflu ;DalGwt\ ;d"xn] k|ltj4tf ;d]t hgfpb} cfPsf] / of] sfo{ cfjZos ;d]t ePsf] x'bfF o; zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht /sdaf6 pNn]lvt ;d"xn] ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] p2f/ s]Gb|df cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f, lj:tf/ / Joj:yfkg nufotsf] lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng u/Lg] 5 . ljlgof]lht /sd p2f/ s]Gb|df ljljw ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug{ tyf p2f/ s]Gb| Joj:yfkg ug{ rflxg] nfut cg'dfg / kre}of ;fd'bflos jgdf :yfgLo ;d"xsf] ;+hfn dfkm{t pQm sfo{ ug{ k|b]z dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[tL lnO{ ;~rfng u/Lg] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ;fd'bflos jgdf kof{ko{6g ljsf; lgb]{lzsf ;d]t ;DalGwt\ ;d"xn] kl/kfngf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

hgzlQm Joj:yfkg kre}of ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf OR5's o'jfx?nfO{ ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfdf On the job

training df k7fpg ;dGjo u/Lg] 5 / pgLx?åf/f g} p2f/ s]Gb| Joj:yfkg u/Lg] 5 . /fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu / ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfaf6 cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u

lnOg] . l8lehg jg sfof{noaf6 ;fdfGo /]vb]v, ;xhLs/0f / cg'udg x'g] .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

131

ck]lIft pknlAw c;xfo jGohGt'sf] p2f/ ePsf] x'g] . ;+/If0f ;"rgf k|0ffnL dfkm{t hgr]tgf hfu/0f ePsf] x'g] . ko{6gdf pNn]Vo 6]jf k'uL yk o'jf /f]huf/ x'g] .

@&= dxTjk"0f{ /}yfg] jg:ktL / jGohGt'sf] ;j]{If0f tyf clen]vLs/0f k|b]z If]qleq dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf /}yfg] jg:ktL / jGohGt'sf] klxrfg u/L ltgLx?sf]

clen]vLs/0f ;d]t ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL o; sfo{qmddf /sd ljlgof]hg u/LPsf] xf] . o; zLif{sdfljlgof]hg ePsf] /sdaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf nfUg] vr{ nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z u/Lg]5 .

o; sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ lgDg s'/fx? k"/f u/Lg] 5 . sfo{ ljj/0f ;"rL tof/ u/L k|b]z pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg] .

k|rlnt cfly{s k|zf;g lgb]{lzsf / ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]g lgodsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 u/L sfo{ k"/f u/Lg] 5 .

ck]lIft pknlAw dxTjk"0f{ /}yfg] jg:ktL tyf jGohGt'sf] g]kfnL gfd, j}1flgs gfd, :yfgLo gfd, ;Dej

eP;Dd kmf]6f] / pkof]lutf ;lxtsf] tYof+sLo hfgsf/L k'l:tsf k|sfzg ePsf] x'g] tyf tL k|hftLx?sf] ;+/If0fsf ljlw / sfo{x? jf/] hfgsf/L x'g]5 .

v08 @e"–tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf

k|b]z ;/sf/ pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, u08sL k|b]z, cGtu{tsf] jglgb]{zgfno cGtu{t /x]sf] hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg tyf ;dGjo zfvf;Fu ;DalGwt\ /xL e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgdf sfo{ ug{sf] nflu tgxF' / kj{t u/L hDdf @ j6f sfof{nox? :yfkgf u/LPsf] 5 .e"—pTkfbsTj ;+/If0fsf] ;fy ;fy} jftfj/0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x? Go'gLs/0f ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmdx? Joj:yf u/LPsf] 5 .

!_ s'jf kf]v/L ;+/If0f -vr{ zLif{s g+= @@%@@_ k|fyldstf k|fKt hnfwf/ If]qdf k|fs[lts ?kdf /x]sf dxTjk"0f{, pkof]uL, P]ltxfl;s /nf]kf]Gd'v x'g nfu]sf kfgLsf >f]t tyf kf]v/Lsf] klxrfg / a:t'l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f u/L k|fyldstfsfcfwf/df :yfgLo tx;Fu ;d]t cfjZos ;xsfo{ u/L kfgLsf >f]tx?sf] hnfwf/ If]qnfO{ -Catchment Area_ lbuf] ?kdf ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg u/Lg]5 . o; cGtu{t tfntn}of, l;d;f/, kfgL s'jf,kf]v/L, hne/0f ;+/rgf, /g ckm xfe]{l:6ª 8\ofd, kfgL d"xfg ;+/If0f, hnfwf/ If]q k'g?Tyfg lqmofsnfk -Catchment Restoration Work_ / kfgLsf] ax'cfoflds k|of]u h:tf lqmofsnfkx? ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

p2]Zo• :yfgLo :t/df a9bf] kfgLsf] dfunfO{ kl/k"tL{ ug]{ .• kfgL >f]tsf] k'ge/0f u/fO{ lbuf] k|of]udf j[lb ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

132

• kfgLsf] 3/fo;L k|of]hgdf j[l4 ug]{ .

• hnfwf/ If]qdf hne/0f kf]v/L, 6«]lGrÍ tyf ;+/If0f j[Iff/f]k0f h:tf s[ofsnfk dfkm{t hne/0f Ifdtf a9fO{ ;'Vvfofddf kfgLsf] pknJwtf j9fpg] .

sfof{Gjog k|lqmof• sfo{ OsfO{ leq e"—Ifo lgoGq0fsf jfg:ktLs tyf l;len -Engineering Structure_

;+/rgfTds k|ljlwx? Plss[t Kofs]hsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug'{kg]{ 5 .

• 3/fo;L k|of]hgnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fvL dfq l;+rfO{ tyf cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu s'jf tyf kf]v/Lx? ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

• sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, dd{t ;+ef/ tyf nfesf] ljt/0f ;Dd al9 eGbf a9L hg;xeflutf ;'lgZrt ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

• pkef]tmf ;ldlt dfkm{t sfo{ ;~rfng nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] t/ ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrt gePsf] / sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug}{ kg{] :yfgx?df ;fj{hgLs vl/b P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ sfo{ ;+Grfng ug'{ kb{5 .

• s'jf tyf kf]v/L ;+/If0f ubf{ hnfwf/ k'g?Tyfg -Catchment Restorstion_ sfo{ / l;len ;+/rgf (Civil Engineering Structure_ x?sf] lqmofsnfk 5'§f5'§} Kofs]h agfO{ jf Pp§} Kofs]hdf nfut cg'dfg u/L ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

• olb s'jf tyf kf]v/L ;+/If0f sfo{ ;+Grfng ubf{ s'jfsf] xsdf vfg]kfgL k|of]hgsf] nflu slDtdf !% 3/w'/L nfefGjLt x'g] / kf]v/Lsf] xsdf l;+rfO{ k|of]hgsf] nflu @ x]S6/ ;Dd l;+rLt If]q ePdf sfo{If]q leq ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg]{ 5 .

• :yn 5gf}6 -lh=lk=P;= :ynut ljGb' lgwf{/0f_

• a:t'l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof

• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/dx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4, EST-5 k|of]u ug]{ _ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ .

• sfof{Gjog r/0f M pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg, ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f

• gfkLlstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_

• :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

133

• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg -kmf/fd &_

• cg'udg

ck]lIft pknlJw dxTjk"0f{ / nf]kf]Gd'v x'g nfu]sf kfgLsf >f]tx?sf] klxrfg x'g]5 . 3/fo;L / s[lif tyf kz'kfngJoj;fosf] nflu kfgLsf] ;xh pknJwtf x'g]5 . hldgdf lr:ofgsf] dfqfdf j[l4 e} xl/ofnLdf k|jw{gdf 6]jf k'Ug]5 .@_ ljB'tLo cfof]hgfx?sf] hnfwf/ If]q -Hydro-catchment) ;+/If0f sfo{qmd -v=lz=g+=@@%@@_

g]kfndf phf{ If]qsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ >f]tsf] ?kdf hn ljB'tnfO{ dflgG5 . o; If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ xF'bf xF'b} klg hnfzo If]qsf] hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgdfe" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{sf ;fy} k|d'v lx:;fsf] ?kdf x]l/Psf] 5 . o;n] d"ne"t ?kdf hnfzosf] hnfwf/ If]qdf x'g] jftfj/0fLo c;/x? h:t} e"–:vng -uN5L klx/f]_, c;+t'lnt dfgljo lqmofsnfkx? -e"—pkof]u, s[lif k|0ffnL_ nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;+t'lnt ub}{ hnljB'tsf] nflu kfgLsf] dfqf / u'0f:t/df clej[l4 ug'{sf ;fy} hnfzo If]qsf] lylu|s/0f ;d:ofnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdn] PsLs[t hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgsf d"ne"t l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ phf{ If]qsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg]] 5 . u08sL k|b]zdf cf=j= @)&%÷&^ df e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{no dfkm{t gd'gfsf] ?kdf sfo{;~rfng u/Lg]5 . sfo{;~rfng ubf{ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt / :yfgLo txx?;+u ;dGjo u/L k|fyldstf k|fKt ljw'tLo cfof]hgfx?sf] hnfwf/ If]qklxrfg u/L pNn]lvt If]qx?df ;fnj;fnL ?kdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/Lg]5 .

sfo{qmdsf] nIo / p2]Zo s_ nIo o; k|b]zdf /x]sf dxTjk"0f{ ljB'tLo hnfzosf] hnfwf/ If]qs]f k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] plrt;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / Joj:yfkg u/L e"—Ifo, af9L, klx/f]hGo k|sf]kaf6 hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] aftfa/0fLo ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u k'of{pg] v_ p2]Zox? !_ hnfwf/ If]qdf x'g] e"—Ifo, af9L, klx/f]hGo k|sf]k / To;af6 hnljB'tsf] hnfzodf x'g ;Sg] u]u|fg jxfj Pj+ hnljB't u[xx?df kg]{ c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ @_ hnfwf/ If]qdf /x]sf kfgLsf ;|f]tx? / gbLvf]nfsf] hn jxfjdf :jR5tf clej[l4df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] #_ hnfwf/ If]qsf vtLof]Uo hldg, ufFpa:tL, ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/df x'g ;Sg] e"—Ifo, af9L, klx/f nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub{} x/LofnL a9fpg] tyf e"uf]n / jftfj/0f d}qL ljsf;df hf]8 lbb} pTkfbsTj j[l4df ;3fp k'/\ofpg] . $_ hnfwf/ If]qdf Plss[t ;+/If0f tyf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo hgtfsf] cfoj[l4df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] . %_ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go"gLs/0fdf 6]jf k'/\ofpg] . ^_ ljsf;df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? lar ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/L clej[l4 ug{] .;Defljt lqmofsnfkx? !_ hnfwf/ If]q klxrfg, tYof+s ;+sng tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f sfo{of]hgf tof/L@_ u]u|fg 5]safFw ;+/rgf lgdf{0f -Sediment loads Trap Structure_

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

134

#_ klx/f] tyf uN5L pkrf/$_ u|fld0f ;8s ;+u} e" ;+/If0f tyf xl/ofnL k|j4{g%_ d'nfwf/ klxrfg tyf ;+/If0f Kofs]h sfo{qmd^_ enkfgL Joj:yfkg tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f kf]v/L lgdf{0f&_ ls;fgsf] v]tjf/Ldf e" ;+/If0f*_ ;xeflutfd'ns jg tyf r/0f Joj:yfkg(_ sd vlr{nf] tyf jfof] OlGhlgo/LË k|ljlwsf] k|j4{g !)_ ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLr ;dGjo tyf ;fem]bf/L

sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg of] sfo{qmd k|b]z jg lgb]{zgfno / ;DalGwt\ e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{no tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af6 ;~rfng u/Lg] 5 . k|f/DeLs cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf k|fljlws k/fdz{sf] nflu k|b]z jg lgb]{zgfnon] tf]sLPsf] zfvf lhDd]af/ x'g]5 . :ynut ?kdf cWoogdf ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;~rfng tyf u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ lhDd]af/L ;DalGwt\ e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{nodf x'g]5 . k|b]z dGqfno / jg lgb]{zgfnosf]] lhDd]af/ zfvfn] lgodLt ?kdf cg'udg / cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'emfj / lgb]{zg lbg]5 eg] To;sf] kfngf ug'{ lhNnf:yLt sfof{nox?sf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

;fy} sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu laB'lto hnf;osf] hnfwf/ If]q;+u ;DaGw /xg] ljleGg txsf];/sf/L lgsfo, ljsf; ;fem]bf/, u}X|;/sf/L lgsfo tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfo / ;+3 ;+:yf ;d]tsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf tof/L tyf sfof{Gjog u/Lg]5 .

• laB'tLo hnf;o If]qsf] hnfwf/ If]q klxrfg, gS;fÍg tyf Joa:yfkg of]hgf tof/L• :yn 5gf}6 -lh=lk=P;= :ynut ljGb' lgwf{/0f_

• a:t'l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof

• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/fdx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4, EST-5 k|of]u ug]{ _ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ .

• sfof{Gjog r/0f M pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg, ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f

• gfkLlstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_

• :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f

• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg -kmf/fd &_

• cg'udg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

135

sfo{qmdsf]] k|efj dfkg !_ ;do ;dodf :ynut cjnf]sg, cfjZos ;"rsx?sf] gfkhfr tyf clen]vg @_ ;+/If0f k|lt :yfgLo hgtfsf] rf;f] / ckgTjsf] :t/ ;j]{If0f

k|b]z jg lgb]{zgfnosf] e"ldsf cfjZos gLlt, lgb]{lzsf, sfo{qmd ah]6 tof/L, lgb]{zg tyf ;do ;dodf :ynutcanf]sg / k[i7kf]if0f /xg]5 .cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg

!= cfGtl/s @= lhNnf ;dGjo tyf :yfgLo tx:t/Lo #= k|b]z dGqfno :t/Lo, k|b]z jg lgb]{zgfno :t/Lo tyf ;DalGwt\ lgsfox?k|ltj]bg tyf k|sfzg != k|ult k|ltj]bg @= kfZj{lrq k|sfzg #= a|';/, ˆn]Sz lk|G6, ;+/If0f k'l:tsf, ;kmntfsf syf cflbck]lIft pknAwLx? !_ hnfzodf u]u|fg jxfjdf sdL cfpg] / hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] lbuf]kgfdf j[l4 x'g] .

@_ ufFp j:tL / v]tjf/Lx?df e" Ifo / klx/f]sf] k|sf]kdf sdL cfpg] . #_ ls;fgsf] v]tjf/Lsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 eO{ lhjg :t/ ;'wf/ x'g] . $_ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;+/If0f eO{ lbuf]kgf clej[l4 x'g] . %_ hnfwf/ If]qdf kfgLsf ;|f]tx?sf] lg/Gt/tf . _ gbLvf]nfdf af9Lsf] dfqdf sdL cfO{ :jR5 hnk|jfx x'g] . &_ ;du|df hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0faf6 hgtfsf] ;Dj[l4df 6]jf k'Ug] . *_ :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? lar ljsf; / ;+/If0f sfo{df ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/Ldf 6]jf k'Ug] .

#_ zx/L vfg]kfgLsf] hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f sfo{qmd -vr{ zLif{s g+= @@%@@_ kof{Kt / ;kmf kfgLsf] pknAwtf eg]sf] s'g} klg dfgjj:tL Pj+ zx/L ljsf;sf] cfwf/e't cfjZostf xf] . e"—pkof]usf] kl/jt{g, jg h+unsf] km8fgL, cJojl:yt e"–pkof]u, clgolGqt k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / zxl/s/0f nufutsf sf/0fn] kfgLsf] d'xfg, kfgLsf] pknAwtfsf] dfqf / u'0f:t/df sxflnnfUbf] ;d:of cfO{/x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} e"—jgf]6 / k|lts'n hnrqm / abln+bf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0fn] hnjfo'hGo ljkb\sf] qmd klg j9\bf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . zx/L If]qdf dfgj ;d'bfon] ef]lu/x]sf] d"Vo ;d:of eg]sf] kfgLsf] cefj, k|b'lzt kfgL / sltko cj:yfdf cToflws kfgLaf6 l;lh{t k|sf]k nufotsf ;d:ofx? x'g\ .hg;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t Plss[t hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 df6f] tyf kfgLsf] ;+/If0f, e" pTkfbsTjdf clej[l2 / ;Gt'lnt hnfwf/ sfod ug]{ sfo{df xfn;Dd l56km'6 pknAwL xfl;n ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 . casf lbgx?df ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf, ljsf;sf] k|fyldstf / ;|f]tsf] pknAwtfnfO{ dWogh/ ub]{ kfgL s]Gb|Lt ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldlss/0f ub}{ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ r'gf}lt xfd|f ;fd' cfPsf] 5 . ;f]xL ;Gbe{df zx/L If]qsf ;d'bfosf] a9\bf] vfg]kfgLsf] cfjZostf tyf ;f]If]q;+u hf]l8Psf] pkNnf] txsf] kfgL 9nf]n] 3]/LPsf] hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+j]bglzntfnfO{ ;Daf]wgug]{ u/L gljgtd sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf o;} cfly{s jif{ b]vL z"?jft u/L lgoldt ?kdf zx/L hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0fsf] sfo{qmd ;+~rfng / lj:tf/ ug{ nfluPsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] sfo{;~rfng nflu

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

136

cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{ u/L k|f/DeLs lbzflgb]{z ug{sf] nflu xfn of] lgb]{lzsf tof/u/LPsf] 5 .

sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zox? zx/L If]q eGbf pkNnf] tl6o If]qdf df6f] tyf kfgLsf] ;+/If0f ub]{ hldgd'gL kfgL ;+lrt ug]{ Ifdtf a9fpg], zx/L If]qdf pknJw x'g] kfgLsf] d'xfgsf] hnfwf/ Pj+ d'nfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f, k'g?Tyfg Pj+ Plss[t hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg dfkm{t vfg]kfgLsf] pknAwtf a9fpg] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o; cfly{s jif{sf] ;Gbe{df zx/L hnfwf/ ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] d"Vo p2]Zox? lgDg adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .

• zx/sf] pkNnf] t6Lo If]q tyf zx/df a;f]af; ug]{ ;d'bfox?n] pkef]u u/L/fv]sf] vfg] kfgL >f]tx?sf] hnfwf/ Pj+ d'nfwf/ If]qx?sf] PsLs[t Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

• zx/L vfg]kfgLsf] hnfwf/ If]q tyf cf;kf;sf If]qx?df ;Defljt k|fs[lts k|sf]k /f]syfd tyf hnjfo' hGo gsf/fTds c;/x?sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

• kfgLsf] d'xfg tyf >f]t ;+/If0f ug]{ .

• kfgLsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u / k'gM pkof]unfO{ a9fjf lbg] .

• hnfwf/ cGt{ut d'nfwf/ If]qdf hldgdf tyf hldgd'gL kfgL ;+lrt ug]{ Ifdtfdf clej[l2 ug]{ .

• zx/L ;d'bfo / hnfwf/sf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ yk JofVof ug]{ / ;f/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;';'lrt ug]{ .

• n}lu+s tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]lztf nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

;Defljt lqmofsnfkx? Zfx/L hnfwf/ If]qsf] d"Vo ;d:of eg]sf] a9\bf] hg;+Vof cg';f/ kfgLsf] pknAwtfdf sdL x'Fb} hfg' xf] . o;sf] d"Vo sf/0fx? dWo] hldgsf] kfgL ;f]:g] Ifdtfdf sld x'g', kfgLsf] d"xfg ;'Sg', kfgLdf k|b'if0fsf] dfqf a9\g', kfgLn] 9'+uf df6f] tyf u]u|fg af]s]/ s'n];f]sf] cfsf/, Ifdtf / lb;fdf kl/jt{g x'g', cJojl:yt k"jf{wf/ ljsf;af6 kfgLsf] 9n lgsf; tyf s'n];f]df kl/jt{g nufotsf d"Vo x'g\ . o:tf k|s[ltsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ lgDg lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

• zx/L hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/Le" tyf hnfwf/ Jofj:yfkg sfof{nox?n] k|b]z dGqfno, jg lgb]{zgfno / ljifo lj1x?sf] ;d]t /fo ;'emfj / ;DalGwt\ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf :yfgLo txx? ;+u ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ u/L cfufld % jif{sf] nflu zx/L vfg]kfgLsf] hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/L ug]{ . of]hgf tof/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ tyf ;DalGwt\ zx/L ljsf; ;+u ;DalGwt\ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u;d]t 5nkmn u/L tof/ ug'{kg]{ 5 .

• :yfgLo hgk|ltlglw tyf ;/f]sf/jfnx?;+u cGtlqmof

zx/L hnfwf/ gof+ ljifo ePsf]n] ;DalGwt e"—tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{non] :yfgLo

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

137

hgk|ltlglw tyf ;/f]sfjfnfx? ;+u sfo{qmdsf] z'?jftdf tyf sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf 5nkmn /cGt/lqmof ug]{ . gljgtd sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo, sfof{Gjogsf] ljlw / eflj of]hgfaf/] :yfg ljz]ifs]Gb|Lt /x]/ cGt/lqmof ug'{kg]{ 5 .

• ;+/If0f ;d"x klxrfg / ;zlQms/0f

zx/L If]q / ;f]sf] hnfwf/ If]qdf j;f]jf; ug]{ hg;d'bfox?af6 zxl/ hnfwf/sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] tyf :yfgLosf] ckgTj xf+l;n ug]{ /0fgLlt cg';f/ ;+/If0f ;d"x klxrfg ug'{kg]{ 5 / ;f]sf] nflu cfjZos cled'dLs/0f tyf ;zlQms/0fsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .

• lyu|Ls/0f /f]syfd ;+/rgf lgdf{0f

afl9, klx/f] tyf e"—Ifo nufot cg'lrt e"pkof]uaf6 df6f], afn'jf tyf u]u|fg nufotsf j:t'x?sf] sf/0fn] hnfwf/sf] cj:yfnfO{ lju|g glbg lyu|Ls/0f /f]syfdsf :yfg cg's'n x'g] u/L ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ 5 . ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ s[ofsnfkx?nfO{ k|fyldlss/0f u/L Plss[t / qmda4 tj/jf6 of]hgf d'tfljs ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ 5 .

• hn k|jfxsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu xl/t k|ljlw ljsf;

kfgLsf] ;~ro, hldgsf] kfgL ;+ro ug]{ Ifdtf, jxfj lgoGq0f / kfgL d'xfgsf] >f]t ;+/If0f tyf kfgL d'xfg ;+/If0fsf ;fy} kfgLsf] Jojl:yt lgsf; / ;du| hnfwf/sf] ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] u/L sd vlr{nf], jfof] O{GhLlgol/+u tyf cGo xl/t k|ljwLsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ .

• kfgL >f]tsf] cj:yf ;j]{If0f cWoog tyf kfgLe/0f Ifdtf ljsf;

;DalGwt kfgLsf] >f]tsf] pTkQL, To;sf] jxfjsf] cj:yf / hnrqm k|0ffnLsf] af/]df lj:t[t cWoog cg';Gwfgaf6 d'nfwf/ If]q osLg u/L kfgLe/0f Ifdtf a9fpg] s[ofsnfkx? -Water Augmentation Strucutres_ ;~rfng ug]{ .

cGo ;Defljt s[ofsnfkx?

o jftfj/0fLo cWoog tyf lgodLt cg'udg÷d"Nof+sg

o kfgL d'xfg tyf >f]t ;+/If0f

o j[Iff/f]k0f tyf k'g /f]k0f

o ;+/If0f kf]v/L lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg

o kfgL9n÷aiff{em/L tyf jxfj ;+sng kf]v/L

o u]u|fg ;+sng tyf uN5Ljxfj lgoGq0fsf] nflu r]s9\ofd lgdf{0f

o IftLu|:t e"dL k'g?Tyfg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

138

o zx/L hnfwf/ lzIff tyf tflnd sfo{qmd

o e"–pkof]u k|ljlw ljsf; tyf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd

o k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf glthf d"Nof+sg

o k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg oBlk :yfg ljz]if, ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf / k[ys kl/a]z /x]sf] ;Gbe{df c? gljgtd s[ofsnfk tyf k|ljlwnfO{ klg cg'z/0f u/Lg]5 .

o jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] e'tmfgL

sfo{qmd ;~rfng :yn kfgL ;+s6 ePsf zx/L tyf zx/f]Gd"v If]qx?nfO{ nlIft u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/Lg]5 .

sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg of] sfo{qmd k|b]z jg lgb]{zgfno / ;DalGwt e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfof{no tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af6 ;~rfng u/Lg] 5 . k|f/lDes cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf

k|fljlws k/fdz{sf] nflu k|b]z jg lgb]{zgfnon] tf]sLPsf] zfvf lhDd]af/ x'g]5 . :ynut ?kdf cWoogdf ;xhLs/0f s[ofsnfkx?sf] ;~rfng tyf u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ lhDd]af/L ;DalGwt\ e" tyf hnfwf/Joj:yfkg sfof{nodf x'g]5 . k|b]z dGqfno / jg lgb]{zgfnosf]] lhDd]af/ zfvfn] lgodLt ?kdf cg'udg / cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'emfj / lgb]{zg lbg]5 eg] To;sf] kfngf ug'{ lhNnf:yLt sfof{nox?sf] bfloTj x'g]5 .

;fy} sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu zx/L hnfwf/;+u ;DaGw /xg] ljleGg txsf] ;/sf/L lgsfo, ljsf; ;fem]bf/, u}X|;/sf/L lgsfo tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfo / ;+3 ;+:yf ;d]tsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf tof/L tyf sfof{Gjog u/Lg]5 . • hnfwf/ If]qsf] 5gf}6 tyf of]hgf tof/L u/L s[ofsnfk 5gf}6 -GPS :ynut ljGb' lgwf{/0f_

• a:t' l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof

• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/fdx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4,

EST-5 k|of]u ug]{ _ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ .

• sfof{Gjog r/0f M pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg, ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f

• gfkLlstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

139

• ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f

• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg -kmf/fd &_

• cg'udg

ck]lIft glthf cGtt efjL lbgx?df zx/L If]qdf kof{Kt / ;kmf kfgLsf] pknAwtf, ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f /Jojl:yt hnfwf/af6 k|fKt x'g] jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] ;'lgZrLttf g} o; sfo{qmdsf] ck]Iff /x]sf] 5 . oBkL cToGt ;Da]bglzn tyf ax'cfoflds ljifo ePsfn] 5f]6f] ;dod} ;j} pknAwL xf+l;n ug{' r'gf}ltk"0f{ b]lvG5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfngaf6 zx/L If]qdf pknAw x'g] kfgLsf] >f]t ;+/If0f, kfgLsf] dfqfdf a9f]Q/L tyf e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf j[l2 x'g] tyf df6f] / kfgLsf] ;+/If0faf6 hnfwf/ Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g] ck]lIft glthf /fvLPsf] 5 . $_ ;+j]bglzn hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f sfo{qmd -vr{ zLif{s g+= @@%@@_

ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;+/If0f, e"—Ifosf] b[li6sf]0fn] clt ;Dj]bglzn hnfwf/ If]q, dxTjk"0f{ tfntn}of tyf kf]v/L, dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo If]q tyf l;d;f/ If]qx?sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu ljz]if ;+j]bglzndflgPsf :yfgx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf ePsf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug'{ tyf gof+ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ o; sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /xg] 5 . o; cGtu{t ;Defljt s[ofsnfkx?sf] :yfgx?sf] klxrfg,;e]{If0f / lj:t[t k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L cfjZos sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/Lg]5 .

;Defljt lqmofsnfkx?

!_ hnfwf/ If]q klxrfg, tYof+s ;+sng tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f sfo{of]hgf tof/L

@_ k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg• klx/f]sf] tYofÍ ;+sng / clen]lvs/0f• klx/f] tyf uN5L pkrf/• vx/] lgoGq0f• xl/t k|ljlwaf6 vf]nf lsgf/f ;+/If0f

#_ lbuf] e"Joj:yfkg• ls;fgsf] v]tjf/Ldf e"–;+/If0f

• kmnkm'n /f]k0f

• 8fn]3f+; e'O{3f+; /f]k0f

• Ifltu|:t e"ld k'g?Tyfg

• SALT Plot :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg

• jg tyf r/0f If]q Joj:yfkg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

140

$_ kfgL / lyu|Ls/0f Joj:yfkg• jiff{sf] kfgL ;+sng k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;

• enkfgL ;+sng kf]v/L lgdf{0f

• e"ldut hn;]rg ;+/rgf lgdf{0f

%_ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ ;+/If0f• l;+rfO{ s'nf] ;+/If0f

• xl/t k|ljlwaf6 ;8skfvf] ;+/If0f

^_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng ÷;dfg's'ng ljsf;• kfgL d'xfg ;+/If0f / ljsf;

• hnfwf/ k'g:yf{kgf

• ;+/If0f kf]v/L lgdf{0f

• gbL psf; hUuf ;+/If0f / v]tL lj:tf/

• l;d;f/ ;+/If0f

&_ ;d'bfo kl/rfng, Ifdtf ljsf; tyf lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/• ;+/If0f cfod'ns sfo{qmd• ;d'x kl/rfng ;;ltms/0f• ;+/If0f s[ifsx?sf] ;+hfn lgdf{0f• sd vlr{nf] e";+/If0f k|ljlw tflnd cEof;• k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnd• ;+/If0f k|rf/ k|;f/ ;fdfu|L pTkfbg ljt/0f

*_ jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/L / kfZj{lrq k|sfzgsfof{Gjog k|lqmof k|b]z leqsf klxrfg ePsf ;+j]bglzn hnfwf/ If]qx? o; sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ O{sfO x'g]5 . ;f]sf]klxrfgsf] nflu GIS sf] dfWodjf6 Vulnerability Mapping u/L jf ;fljssf k|fyldstf k|fKt pkhnfwf/x? dWo]af6 e"–Ifo, klx/f], jf9L, gbL÷vf]nfsf] s6fgLsf lx;fan] pRr hf]lvdo'St Pj+;+j]bgzLn pkhnfwf/nfO{ 5gf}6 u/L sfo{qmd u/Lg] 5 . klxrfg ePsf] ;+j]bglzn hnfwf/ If]qdf u/Lg] ;Defljt s[ofsnfkx?sf] :yfg, kl/df0f v'nfO{ :jLs[t u/fO{ sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

• hnfwf/ If]qsf] 5gf}6 tyf of]hgf tof/L u/L s[ofsnfk 5gf}6 -GPS :ynut ljGb' lgwf{/0f_

• a:t' l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof

• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

141

tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/dx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4,

EST-5 k|of]u ug{ _ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ .

• sfof{Gjog r/0f M pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg, ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f

• gfkLlstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_

• ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f

• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg -kmf/fd &_

• cg'udg

ck]lIft pknlJw dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j]bglzn If]q tyf >f]tx?sf] klxrfg x'g]5 . ef}tLs ;+/rgfx?sf] life span j9fpg ;lsg] . hdLgdf lr:ofgsf] dfqfdf j[lb e} xl/ofnLdf k|jw{gdf 6]jf k'Ug]5 . PsLs[t e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 ;+j]bglzn hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f eO{ e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf ;'wf/, hdLg / kfgLsf] ;+/If0faf6 o;sf] pkof]uLtfdf j[lb, ljsf;sf] k'jf{wf/sf] ;+/If0f ;fy} ;d'bfodf hnjfo'kl/jt{g cg's'ng÷;dofg's'ng Ifdtfdf j[l¢ eO{ :yfgLo :t/df lbuf] Pj+ ;dGooLs lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ x'g]5 .%_ cfsfl:ds klx/f] lgoGq0f sfo{qmd -vr{ zLif{s g+= @@%@@_ jiff{ofd tyf cGo ;dodf cfsfl:ds ?kdf hfg ;Sg] / uPsf klx/f] / o;;Fu ;DalGwtgsf/fTds c;/x?sf] n]vfhf]vf tyf ljZn]if0f / klx/f]af6 x'g ;Sg] ;DefJo hf]lvdx?sf] Go"gLs/0f ub{} lhpwgsf] ;'/Iff ug{' o; sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t lgDg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .• jiff{sf] ;dodf cfsl:ds ?kdf klx/f] uPsf :yfgx?sfsf] klxrfg u/L lhNnf lakbJoa:yfkg

;ldlt, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt / :yfgLo txx? ;+u ;dGjo / ;Lkmf/L;sf] cfwf/df /f]syfdsf] sfo{ ug]{ .

• jiff{sf] ;dodf cfsl:ds ?kdf hfg ;Sg] klx/f]nfO{ dWogh/ /fvL pknAw jh]6af6 s]xL tf/hfnL tyf cGo pks/0f vl/b u/L /fVg] / lhNnf lakb Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt / :yfgLo txx?;+u ;dGjo / ;Lkmf/L;sf] cfwf/df cfsl:ds -Emergency_ pknAw u/fpg] .

• tTsfn} -Immediate_ lgoGq0fsf] nflu hgzlQm kl/rfng, 36gf:yndf cfktsflng cj:yfdf hfgsf] nflu ;jf/L ;fwg ef8fdf lng, tTsfn klx/f] ;kmfu/L hgwgsf] IfltnfO{ sd ug]{ sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

sfof{Gjog k|lqmof• a:t'l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

142

• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/dx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4, EST-5 k|of]u ug{ _ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ .

• sfof{Gjog r/0f M pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg, ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f

• gfkLlstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_

• ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f

• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg - kmf/fd &_

• cg'udg

ck]lIft pknlJw e"–Ifo / 7'nf] dfqfdf hdLg v:g] cj:yfdf sld cfO{ o;af6 klx/f]sf] cf;kf; / tNnf] tl6oIf]qdf x'g] ;Defljt hgwgsf] Ifltdf sld cfpg] 5 .^_ e–;+/If0f k|bz{gL :yn lgdf{0f -vr{ zLif{s g+= @@%@@_

e"—;+/If0f tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd cGtu{t k|of]ufTds k|bzgL{sf lqmofsnfk lgs} sd ePsf 5g . jf:tjdf k|bzgL{ k|rf/ k|;f/sf] Pp6f lgs} ;ztm dfWod xf] . ;+/If0f k|b{zgL:ynx?sf] ljsf; / la:tf/af6 :yfgLo ;d'bfox?, cjnf]sgstf{, laBfyL{x? tyf ;+/If0f sfo{df rf;f] /fVg]x?nfO{ ;+/If0f ;"rgf k|jfx tyf k|lalw la:tf/ u/L ;DefjLt IfltnfO{ sd t'Nofpg' o; sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o;df e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f sfo{df k|of]u u/Lg] w]/} lqmofsnfk ;d]6\g ;lsg] ;'Id hnfwf/ If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/L lalaw lqmofsnfkx? Pp6} If]qdf lgdf{0f ug'{ kb{5 . k|b{zg :yn ;'Ifd hnfwf/ If]q leq kg]{ s[ifssf] hldg jf ;fd'bflos hldg jf b'j} klg x'g ;Sg] 5 . ;f]xL If]qdf ;fna;fnL ?kdf sDtLdf # aif{;Dd lg/Gt/ sfo{ ;+Grfng u/Lg] / ;f] If]qsf] /]vb]vsf] nflu cfjZos ePdf nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]; u/L x]/fn'sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 . o; cGtu{t lgDg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .• lhNNff ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf :yfgLo txx?sf] ;dGjo / ;Lkmf/L;sf] cfwf/df

lgdf{0f u/Lg] k|bz{g :ynsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ .

• ;+Dej eP;Dd ;8ssf] kx'+r x'g] :yfgdf lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

• ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu cGt/lqmof

• h}las / OlGhlgol/Ë ;+/rgf lgdf{0f

• ;+/If0f j[Iff/f]k0f

• k|bz{gL sIf

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

143

sfof{Gjog k|lqmof• :yfg 5gf}6 tyf of]hgf tof/L u/L s[ofsnfk 5gf}6 -lh=lk=P;= :ynut ljGb' lgwf{/0f_

• a:t' l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof

• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/fdx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4,

EST-5 k|of]u ug{ _ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ .

• sfof{Gjog r/0f M pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg, ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f

• gfkLlstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_

• ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f

• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg -kmf/fd &_

• cg'udg

ck]lIft pknlJwhnfwf/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL k|rf/ k|;f/df ;xof]u k'Ug] 5 . ljifo;+u ;DalGwt\ sd{rf/Lsf] 1fgnfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 . ;DefjLt hf]vLd ;DjGwdf hfgsf/L kfpg ;xh x'G5 . cGo If]qdf ;d]t df]8n cg';/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] 5 .&_ gbL psf; hUuf k'gM:yfkgf / ;+/If0f -vr{ zLif{s g+= @@%@@_

glbn] jxfj kl/jt{g;+u} 5f]8]sf] hUufnfO{ ;+/If0f u/L k|of]udf Nofpg] o; sfo{qmdsf] d"Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t lgDg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .• :yfgLo hgk|ltlglw tyf ;/f]sf/jfnx?;+u cGtlqmof

• ;+/If0f ;d"x klxrfg / ;zlQms/0f

• Revetment/protection wall construction

• Spur/Groynes construction

• lyu|Ls/0f /f]syfd ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ÷Construction of flow retarding structures

• hn k|jfxsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu xl/t k|ljlw ljsf;÷Flood slope stabilization through bio-engineering /vegetative measures (Tree grass planting) on the bank

• Fencing of area for livestocks control

• e"–pkof]u k|ljlw ljsf; tyf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

144

sfof{Gjog k|lqmof• :yfg 5gf}6 tyf of]hgf tof/L u/L s[ofsnfk 5gf}6 - GPS :ynut ljGb' lgwf{/0f_

• a:t' l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof

• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/fdx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4, EST-

5 k|of]u ug{ _ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ . • sfof{Gjog r/0fM pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg,

;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f • gfkLlstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_• ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg -kmf/fd &_• cg'udg

ck]lIft pknlJw s[lifjfnLsf] pJjhgL a9fpg] . s[lif of]Uo hldgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{. s[lif jg k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ . :yfgLo >f]tsf] pkof]u eO{ cfocfh{gdf j[åL x'g] .*_ ;8s;+u e"–;+/If0f sfo{qmd -vr{ zLif{s g+= @@%@@_

u|fld0f If]qx?df lta|t/ ?kdf u|fld0f ;8ssf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?n] 7"nf] kl/df0fdfe"—:vng u/fPsf] sf/0fn] h}ljs ljljwtf, e"—pkof]u k|0ffnL tyf ljljw If]qdf gs/fTds c;/ a9\b} uO{/fv]sf] ;Gbe{df pQm sfo{af6 x'g;Sg] IftLsf] Go"gLs/0f ug'{ o; sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf]5 . o; cGtu{t lgDg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

• u|fld0f ;8sx?sf] klxrfg• ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu cGt/lqmof• u|fld0f ;8ssf] bfofF jfFof xl/t k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf ;+/If0fsf] nflu lqmofsnfk 5gf}6• uN5L klx/f] /f]syfd• enkfgLsf] Joj:yfkg• PsLs[t e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f• :yfgLo kfnLsfx?;+u ;fem]bf/L tyf ;xsfo{ u/L sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .sfof{Gjog k|lqmof• :yfg 5gf}6 tyf of]hgf tof/L u/L s[ofsnfk 5gf}6 -lh=lk=P;= :ynut ljGb' lgwf{/0f_• a:t' l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f M ;+efJotf cWoog tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf] cGt/lqmof• ;e]{, l8hfO{g :ynut gS;f -kmf/fd !_, ;+/rgfut gS;f -kmf/fd @+_ tyf nfut cg'dfg

tof/L -nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cg';"rLdf /x]sf] kmf/fdx? EST-1, EST-2, EST-3, EST-4, EST-5 k|of]u ug{_ .

• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ . • sfof{Gjog r/0fM pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g, ;Demf}tf -kmf/fd #_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg,

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

145

;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f • gfkL lstfj -kmf/fd $_ hf+rkf;, e'tmfgL ljn -kmf/fd %_, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg -kmf/fd ^_• ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f• cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf kfZj{lrq k|sfzg -kmf/fd &_• cg'udg

ck]lIft pknlJw;Defljt Ifltsf] Go"gLs/0fsf ;fy} dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j]bglzn If]q tyf >f]tx?sf] klxrfg ePsf] x'g]5 . of] sfo{qmdjf6 :yfgLo:t/df lgdf0f{ ePsf, e}/x]sf / x'g] u|fdL0f ;8sx?df u/Lg] lqmofsnfksf] :yfgLo txx?n] ;d]t cg';/0f ub}{ hfg] x'Fbf :yfgLo >f]tsf] pkof]u eO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Pj+ cfocfh{gdf j[åL x'g] .

v08 # M ljljw!= pkef]Stf ;d"xjf6 ;~rfng u/Lg] ;Dk"0f{ sfdx?df slDtdf @) k|ltzt -k|rlnt sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, lgb]{lzsf;+u gaflemg] u/L_ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] nufgL x'g' kg]{5 ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ ah]6sf] jl9df % k|ltzt /sd sG6]Gh]G;Lsf] ?kdf sfo{s|d Joj:yfkg, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+gdf vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . @= sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ :yfgLo ;d'bfo, :yfgLo ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / s]lGb|o ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox?;Fu ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo ug{{' kg]{5 .#= sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt 1fg, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] cfjZostf dxz'; ePsf] cj:yfdf cGo ;+3 ;+:yf, lj1 JolQmx?sf] ;xof]u tyf k/fdz{ lng ;lsg] 5 .$= laB'tLo cfof]hgfx?sf] hnfwf/ If]q, zx/L vfg]kfgLsf hnfwf/ If]q / ;+a]bglzn hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f sfo{qmdx? ;+Grfng ubf{ tL :yfgdf ;+Grfng ug'{kg]{ lqmofsnfkx? s] s] x'g ;S5, ;f] sf] :yfg, kl/df0f / nfut pNn]v u/L ;f]sf] k|:tfj Ps tx dflyaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ 5 .%= pkef]Qmf ;d"x dfkm{t ;Dej eP;Dd :yfgLo :t/df nfeu|fxLx?n] ;~rfng u/L/x]sf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]tmf ;d"x, l;+rfO{, vfg]kfgL pkef]tmf ;d"x, cfdf ;d"x h:tf :yfoL k|s[ltsf pkef]Qmf ;d'xx? dfkm{t ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ 5 . nfeu|fxLx?jf6 gof+ pkef]Qmf ;d'x u7g ubf{ ;DalGwt\ j8fsf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ u7g ug'{ kb{5 . sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngsf] nflu dfu ubf{ :yfgLo txx?sf] l;kmfl/; clgjfo{ ug'{kg]{5 . ^= hgzlQm Joj:yfkg M dGqfno dftxtsf sfof{no cGtu{t /x]sf df}h'bf hgzlQmx?sf] kl/rfng ub}{ 1fg tyf ;Lksf] bIftfdf Go"g ePsf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt lgodfg';f/ ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ;d]t ;xof]u lnO{ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg]5 .&= o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v ePsf ljifox? o;} jdf]lhd / pNn]v gePsf ljifox?sf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg'g, gLlt, lgod, lgb]{lzsf, ljlw, gd{; (Norms) / k|s[of jdf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .*= sfof{nox?af6 ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx?sf] lj:t[t kfZj{lrq ljj/0f (Activity Profile) tof/ u/L dflyNnf] lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .(= ck]lIft pknJwLx?nfO{ cfwf/ tYof+s (Database)sf] ?kdf k|of]u u/Lg] 5 .!)= s]lx afwf c8sfp k/]sf] cj:yfdf dGqL:t/ / ;+3Lo dGqfnosf] /fo ;'emfj lnOg]5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

146

jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng dfu{bz{g–@)&%

u08sL k|b]z pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGtu{ts; jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ If]qdf k/]sf rfn" cf=j=df ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf :ki6tf / Ps?ktf Nofpg Pj+ sfo{qmd ;~rfngnfO{ ;xh Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg cfjZos ePsf]n] k|rlnt gLlt / ;+3Lo sfg"gsf ;d]tsf] cwLgdf /xL u08dL k|b]z d+= k= sf] ldlt @)&%÷*÷ sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd tTsfn} nfu" x'g] u/L of] dfu{bz{g hf/L u/LPsf] 5 .

-!_ rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] k|b]z pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] sfo{qmd cGtu{t jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ If]qdf k/]sf] æckef]Qmf hfu/0f cleofgÆ df ?= @@,)),)))÷– /sd ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3af6 ;g\ !(*% df hf/L ePsf] UN Guidelines for Consumer protection, pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f P]g @)&%, k|lt:kwf{ k|j4{g tyf ahf/ ;+/If0f P]g @)^#, / pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL cGo sfg"gx? ;d]taf6 k|fKt pkef]Qmf clwsf/, g]kfndf pkef]Qmf clwsf/sf] ;+a}wflgs dfGotf, pkef]Qmf clwsf/sf] pkof]u, clwsf/ xgg ePdf ph'/L u/L kL8snfO{ ;hfoF / kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg] / l;l08s]6, sf6]{ln+u, sfnf]ahf/L h:tf u}/sfg"gL ultljlw lgoGq0f ;DaGwL k|fjwfgsf] hfgsf/L ;d]tsf] 1fg cfd pkef]Qmf / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yf ;dIf cleofgs} ?kdf k'¥ofpg] c2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd / ah]6 :jLs[t ePsf]n] d"ntM pkef]Qmf hfu/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ k|b]z cGtu{tsf lhNnf l:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no÷3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf sfof{nox?nfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ k|s[ltsf sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu k|b]z dGqfnodf ;d]t s]xL sfo{qmd / ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ .sfo{qmdlhNnf:t/df != pkef]Qmf lzIff / hfu/0f

!=! pkef]Qmf xs lxt ;DaGwL dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yf;fu ;xsfo{ u/L pkef]Qmf ;r]tgf ;DaGwL ! lbg] tfnLd / cGt/lqmof .

!=@ :yfgLo /]l8of], 6]lnlehg tyf 5fkf dfWodaf6 pkef]Qmf xs lxt ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|;f/0f Pj+ k|sfzg ug]{ .

!=# dfWolds :t/sf ;a} ljBfnodf pkef]Qmf lzIff ;DaGwL sDtLdf Ps sIff ;~rfng .!=$ pkef]Qmf hfu/0f ;DaGwL lhNnfsf dfWolds ljBfno:t/Lo lgaGw k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf

.!=% pkef]Qmf hfu/0f ;DaGwL ;8s gf6s, bf]xf]/L nf]suLt cflb tof/ u/L k|bz{g / k|;f/0f

ug]{!=% dfr{ !% df ljljw sfo{qmd u/L ljZj pkef]Qmf lbj; dgfpg] .

k|b]z :t/ -k|b]z dGqfno_!=! k|b]z dGqfnoaf6 æk|b]z jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{Æ jflif{s klqsf k|sfzg .!=@ kf]v/f cf}Bf]lus If]qdf æpkef]Qmf clwsf/ ;+/If0fdf pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)&%Æ af/] Ps lbg] cGt/s[of .!=# ljZj pkef]Qmf lbj; ;DaGwL sfo{qmd, dfr{ !%

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

147

ah]6 afF8kmfF8!=! k|b]z cGtu{t !! lhNnfsf nflu k|lt lhNnf ?= !,%),)))÷– n] ?= !*,)),)))÷– !=@ k|b]z dGqfnodf ?= $,)),)))÷–

hDdf ?= @@,)),)))÷–ck]lIft pknlAw–k|b]zsf pkef]Qmfx? hfu?s / ;r]t e} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf pkef]Qmf clwsf/sf] pkof]u ug{]5g\ .

cGo lgb]{zg!=! pQm sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ubf{ k|rlnt ;+3Lo cfly{s P]g lgodsf] kl/lwleq /xL ;~rfng

ug'{kg]{5 .!=@ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;DaGwdf c:ki6tf of l4ljwf k/]df k|b]z dGqfno÷lgb]{zgfnodf ;Dks{

/fVg ;lsg] 5 .-@_ pkef]Qmf xslxt ;+/If0fsf nflu sfnf]ahf/L tyf ldn]dtf] lgoGq0f sfo{qmddf ?= @),)),)))÷– /sd ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . of] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo a:t' tyf ;]jf ;DaGwL ahf/df Aof; sf6]{ln+u, l;l08s]6, ;fdfg n'sfP/ d"No a'l4 ug]{– sfnf]ahf/L, ld;fa6o'Qm kbfy{ laqmL, pkef]Qmfsf clwsf/ lak/Ltsf Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfk, :jR5, k|ltf:kwf{ la?4sf lqmofsnfkx? h:tf cg'lrt Jofkfl/s ultljlw (Unfair trade practice) nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ahf/ cg'udg u/L bf]ifL pk/ pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g @)&%, k|lt:kwf{ k|j4{g tyf ahf/ ;+/If0f P]g @)^#, d'n'sL ;+lxtf @)&% / cGo If]qut sfg'g ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;Ifd Goflos lgsfodf d'2f bfo/ u/L bf]ifL pk/ sfg"g adf]lhdsf] b08 ;hfo lbnfpg], kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t lbnfpg] ;d]t xf] . o;sf lglDt lhNnf l:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgfpBf]u sfof{no÷3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nonfO{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfo agfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g, k|x/L, pkef]Qmfsf dfGotfk|fKt k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf / ;DalGwt ;/sf/L sfof{no h:t} u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ;DaGwL sfof{no, vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f sfof{no, :yfgLo lgsfo ;d]tsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ahf/ cg'udgsf] sfo{ sDtLdf dlxgfsf] Ps k6s ug]{ u/L nIo ;d]t tf]sL /sd afF8kmfF8 ug]{ / s]xL /sd dGqfnon] ;d]t k|b]z leq cfjZostf adf]lhd cfslZds ahf/ cg'udg ug]{ k|of]hgsf lglDt 5'6ofpg] . o; k|of]hgsf lglDt ;+3Lo sfg"g;Fu gaflemg] u/L pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g @)&% sf] bkmf @& sf] dg;fo adf]lhd oyf;Dej rfF8f] k|b]z ahf/ cg'udg lgb]{lzsf agfO{ cg'udg sfo{nfO{ ;xh agfpg] .

ah]6 afF8kmfF8!= lhNnf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no÷3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf lhNnf l:yt sfof{no–!! sf nflu k|lt sfof{no -ahf/ cg'udg, ;+slnt a:t'sf gd"gf k|of]uzfnfdf k/LIf0f ;d]tsf nflu_ !,%),)))÷– n] ?= !^,%),)))÷–@= k|b]z dGqfno ?= #,%),)))÷– hDdf ?= @),)),)))÷–

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

148

ck]lIft pknlAw–k|b]z leqsf] ahf/af6 cg'lrt Jofkfl/s sfo{ lgolGqt e} kLl8t pkef]Qmfn] Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t kfpg]5g\ ./sd vr{ ;DaGwL dfkb08k|rlnt cfly{s sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .-#_ lgof{tof]Uo t'ngfTds j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] klxrfg tyf k|j4{g / ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf tof/L rfn" cf=j=sf] sfo{qmddf k/]sf] lgof{tof]Uo t'ngfTds j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] klxrfg tyf k|j4{g ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf tof/L ug{ ?= !),)),)))÷– /sd lalgof]hg ePsf] 5 . jfl0fHo gLlt @)^% / g]kfn Aofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt, @)!) ;d]tn] gofF lgof{t ahf/ / j:t' klxrfg u/L lgsf;L a'l4 ug{ hf]8 lbb} cfPsf 5g\ . oBlk cfoft / lgof{tdf cfoft clt pRr e} Aofkf/ u/L lgsf;L a'l4 ug{ hf]8 lbb} cfPsf 5g\ . oBlk cfoft / lgof{tdf cfoft clt pRr e} Jofkf/ 3f6f al9/x]sf] 5 . of] /fli6«o kl/j]zaf6 u08sL k|b]z ;d]t c5'tf 5}g . t;y{ o; k|b]zsf lgof{tof]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] klxrfg / k|j4{g ug{ xfnsf] o; k|b]zsf] cfoft / lgof{tsf] l:yltsf] ljz]if0f u/L lgof{tof]Uo j:t' / ;]jfsf] klxrfg / k|j4{g ug'{ cToGt h?/L sfo{ ug{ tT;DaGwL sfo{ of]hgf agfpg' klg dxTjk'0f{ pknlAw x'g]5– lgof{t j[l4sf nflu . ;'Gtnf, s[lifhGo pkh, hl8a'6L, vlghhGo kbfy{ h:t} d':tf+usf] o"/]lgod, hn;|f]t, x:tsnfsf ;fdfg pTkfbg, pRr bIf hgzlQmaf6 Outsourcing sf sfd ug]{ nufotsf ;DefJo lgsf;LhGo j:t' / ;]jfx?sf] klxrfg / k|j4{g o; k|b]zsf] ;+efAo ;"rLsf] ;fgf] pbfx/0f xf] . g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt, 2010 n] g]kfnsf lgof{t ;DefAo !( jf]6f j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . tL j:t'x?df cn}rL, cb'jf, dx, d';'/f], bfn, lrof, t}of/L rfprfp, rfFbLsf uxgf, kmnfd / O:kftsf wft', Rofª\u|f klZdgfsf j:t' tyf pgL j:t', ko{6g ;]jf, >d ;]jf, ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf ljlkcf] ; jf, :jf:Yo ;]jf, hnljw't, kf/jxg Jofkf/ ;]jf, lrgL, l;d]G6, b'Uw pTkfbg / 6«fG;kmd{/ /x sf 5g\ . u08sL k|b]zsf ;+efAo lgsf;L j:t' / ;]jfdf pko'{Qm ;"rL klg pkof]uL aGg ;S5 . k|:t't sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ o; If]qdf sfd u/]sf] ljz]if Vofltk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] / ;DalGwt If]qsf] ;e]{ u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo÷lj1x? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf sfo{zfnf (workshop) ug]{ / ;f]af6 k|fKt lgrf]8 ;d]tsf cfwf/df sfo{of]hgfnfO{ clGtd?k lbg] u/L sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg] .ck]lIft pknlAw–k|b]z:t/Lo lgof{tof]Uo j:t' / ;]jfsf] klxrfg, k|j4{g / ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf tof/ ePsf] x'g]5 .-$_ pkef]Qmf cbfnt cWoog sfg"g th'{df rfn" cf=j=df pkef]Qmf cbfnt sfg"g th'{dfsf nflu !),)),)))÷– ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf of] ah]6 th'{df e} ;s]kl5 ag]sf] pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)&% ldlt @)&%÷^÷@ b]lv k|f/De e} ;s]sf] 5 . pQm P]gsf] kl/R5]b (, bkmf $! df pkef]Qmf cbfnt u7g ;DaGwL Joj:yf, bkmf $@ df cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qsf] k|of]u, bkmf $# df cbfntsf] cjx]ngf, bkmf $$ df ldl;n jf sfuhft pknAw u/fpg' kg]{, bkmf $% df k'g/fj]bg, bkmf $^ df lg0f{o sfof{Gjog, bkmf $& df cbfntsf] lj36g, bkmf $* df d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf, bkmf $( df ;"rgf 6]j'n ug'{kg]{ ;d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]n] pkef]Qmf cbfnt cbfnt ;DaGwL cWoog ug'{kg]{ ca cj:yf /x]g . pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g @)&% sf] bkmf @& / bkmf $-!_ adf]lhd ahf/ cg'udg ;DaGwL lgod, lgb]{lzsf÷sfo{ljlw tof/ ug{ Pj+ ahf/ cg'udg / lg/LIf0f ;d]t ug{ pQm /sd pkof]u ug{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

149

ck]lIft pknlAw–k|b]z :t/Lo ahf/ cg'udg ;DaGwL lgod lgb]{lzsf sfo{ljlwx? tof/ ePsf x'g] / ahf/ cg'udg÷ lg/LIf0f dfkm{t cg'lrt Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfkdf Go"gtf cfpg] .-%_ ;+3;Fusf] ;dGjodf k|b]zdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ e08f/0f :yfkgfsf nflu ;xhLs/0f Pj+ ;xsfo{;+3;Fusf] ;dGjodf k|b]zdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ e08f/df :yfkgfsf nflu ;xhLs/0f Pj+ ;xsfo{ ug{ ?= !),)),)))÷– ljlgof]lht ePsf] 5 . o;sf lglDt ;+3Lo pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno;Fu kxnsbdL ug]{, kqfrf/ ug]{ / o;sf] sf/jfxLnfO{ Speed up ug{ k|b]z dGqfnosf] Ps hgf clws[tnfO{ ljz]if lhDd]jf/L ;d]t lbg] .ck]lIft pknlAw–k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ e08f/0f :yfkgsfnflu ;xhLs/0f Pj+ ;xsfo{ ePsf] x'g] .

-^_ k|b]z leqsf k]6«f]n kDksf] :t/a[l4 ug{ dfkb08 tof/L / sfof{Gjogk|b]z leqsf k]6«f]lnod kDksf] :t/j[l4 ug{ dfkb08 tof/L / sfof{Gjogdf ?= !),)),)))÷– /sd ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . o;sf lglDt k|b]z dGqfnosf pk;lrjsf] g]t[Tjdf lgDgfg';f/sf] ;ldlt u7g u/L ;f] ;ldltnfO{ s]Gb|sf] kDk :t/f]Gglt ;DaGwL dfkb08 ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ # dlxgfsf] cjlw tf]sL dfkb08 tof/L ug{ nufpg] / ;f] dfkb08nfO{ dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[lt k|bfg u/L k|b]z jfl0fHo lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ lgb]{zg lbg] .;ldlt!= u08sL k|b]z pBf]u afl0fHo, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] jfl0fHo dxfzfvf k|d'v –;+of]hs @= OlGhlgol/+u cWoog ;+:yfg cGtu{t klIddfGrn Sofdk;sf d]sflgsn OGhLlgol/+u ;DaGwL k|fWofks – ;b:o#= u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n sfof{no sf:sLsf k|d'v – ;b:o$= pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 u08sL k|b]z k|ltlglw – ;b:o%= ;lrjaf6 tf]lsPsf] zfvf clws[t u08sL k|b]z pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfno – ;b:o–;lrj

lkmN8 ;e]{, dfkb08 tof/L a}7sx? Pj+ dfkb08sf] n]vg sfo{sf nlu cfly{s lgodfg';f/ b}lgs e|d0f eQf, a}7s eQf / k|ltj]bg tof/L vr{ lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ .

ck]lIft pknlAw–u08sL k|b]z leqsf k]6«f]n kDksf] :t/a'l4 dfkb08 tof/L e} sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] x'g]5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

150

xf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw–@)&%

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtfdf :j/f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ u|fld0f cy{tGqdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg Pj+ ko{6gsf] dfWodaf6 u|fld0f kof{ko{6gsf] ljsf/, k|a4{g, Joj:yfkg / lgodg ug{jf~5gLo ePsf]n] u08sL k|b]z k|b]z ;/sf/n] of] xf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&% agfPsf] 5 .!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De -!_ o; sfo{ljlssf] gfd æxf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&%Æ/x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] sfo{ljlw u08sL k|b]ze/ nfu' x'g]5 . -#_ of] sfo{ljlw k|b]z ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbn] :jLs[t u/]sf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]5 .@= ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf -s_ æxf]d:6]Æ eGgfn] ko{6snfO{ cfjf;, vfgf / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] cfˆg} 3/ jf ;d'bfodf gLlh jf ;fd"lxs ?kdf ;~rfng u/LPsf] 3/jf; ;]jf ;Demg'k5{ . -v_ æ;fd'bflos xf]d:6]Æ eGgfn] u|fld0f If]qdf sDtLdf kfFrj6f cnu cnu :jldTj ePsf 3/wgLn] ;fd'lxs ?kdf Joj:yfkg u/L ;~rfng u/]sf] xf]d:6]nfO{ ;fd'lxsd xf]d:6] ;Demg' k5{ . -u_ ælglh xf]d:6] eGgfn] u|fld0f If]qdf cnu ?kdf btf{ u/L lghL :t/df ;+rflnt xf]d:6] nfO{ lghL xf]d:6] ;Demg'k5{ . -3_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] u08sL k|b]zsf] pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg'k5{ . -ª_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] k|b]zsf] pBf]u ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGtu{t :yfkgf ePsf ko{6g x]g]{ sfof{no ;Demg'k5{ . -r_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] xf]d:6] ;~rfng x'g] dxfgu/Lkflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf, gu/ kflnsf jf ufpFkflnsf ;Demg'k5{ . -5_ æxf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf ( adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt ;Demg'k5{ . -h_ æxf]d:6] OsfO{Æ eGgfn] xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug{ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cGtu{t /x]sf k|To]s 3/ ;Demg'k5{ .#= p2]ZoM xf]d:6] ;~rfngsf d'Vo p2]Zo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ -s_ u|fld0f If]qdf ko{6g k|jw{g u/L To;af6 k|fKt k|ltkmn u|fld0f ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg], -v_ u|fld0f If]qsf hgtfnfO{ ko{6g Joj;fodf ;xefuL u/fO[ hLjg:t/ ;'wf/ ug]{, -u_ xf]d:6]sf] dfWodaf6 u|fld0f tyf :yfgLo :t/df :j/f]huf/sf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{, -3_ u|fld0f ko{6gdf /dfpg] ko{6snfO{ ;xh a;f]af;sf] Joj:yfkg u/L ufpFsf P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s / /dl0fo :yfgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg], -ª_ ko{6snfO{ ;'ne ;/n / ;xh jftfj/0fdf :yfgLo kl/sf/ l/tLl/jfh, snf, ;+:s[lt / /xg;xgsf] pTsi6 cg'ej k|bfg ug]{ .$= btf{sf nflu lgj]bg lbg] -!_ xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;d'bfon] b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft ;lxt cg';"rL—! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ? !)).— sf] /l;b sf6L ;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . -s_ ;fd'bflos xf]d:6]sf] xsdf sDtLdf kfFr hgf 3/wgLn] cf–cfˆgf] 3/df ;fd'lxs ?kdf xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug{ ;xdt ePsf] lnlvt k|ltj4tf / j8f sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/; tyf lghL xf]d:6]sf ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;, -v_ hUuf wgL k|df0f k"hf{ jf k}t[s ;DklQ Plsg x'g] k|df0f jf d~h'/Lgfdf jf ef8ffdf

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

151

lnPsf] eP ;f] sf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnkL / zx/L If]qleq ePdf gS;fkf;sf] k|ltlnlk, -u_ xf]d:6] ;+rfnssf] gfu/Lstff k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;DalGwt j8fsf] j8fWoIf :yfgLo txsf :jf:Yo, s[lif / ag jftfj/0f x]g]{ sd{rf/L ;d]tsf] kfFr ;b:oLo ;ldltn] lg/LIf0f u/L cg';'rL—@ adf]lhdsf] dfkb08 k"/f eP gePsf] af/]df :yfgLo txsf] sfof{nodf Ps dlxgfleq k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZostfcg';f/ lj1x?sf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] lg/LIf0faf6 tf]lspsf] dfkb08 k"/f ePsf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] sfof{non] ;ft lbgleq bz xhf/ ?k}ofF z'Ns alnO{ btf{ ug'{ kg]{5/ cg';"rL—# adf]lhsf] 9fFrfdf xf]d:6] ;~rfng k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{5 . ;f] sf] hfgsf/L dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg]{5 . -$_ dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sfsf] xsdf cfjZos ;'wf/ ug{ ;do lbO{ k'g :ynut lg/LIf0f u/L pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd btf{ k|df0fkq lbg'kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd xf]d:6] btf{ ubf{ / bkmf !# sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd xf]d:6] gjLs/0f ubf{ nfUg] z'Ns ;DalGwt\ :yfgLo txsf] u $ ;d'xsf] afF8kmf8 x'g] /fh:j vftfdf /fVg'kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt ePsf] /fhZjsf] $) k|ltzt /sd ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] k|b]z ;+lrt sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{5 .%= xf]d:6] btf{sf nflu Go"gtd dfkb08x?M -!_ xf]d:6] btf{ug{sf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf Go"gtd dfkb08 k'/f ug'{kg]{5 . -s_ kfx'gfsf] nflu x/]s 3/df sDtLdf Pp6f sf]6f / b'O{ j]8 epsf] x'g'kg]{ / a9Ldf rf/ sf]7f / cf7 a]8 dfq /fVg kfO{g] . -v_ zf}rfno / :gfgu[xsf] clgjfo{ Joj:yf ePsf] x'g'kg]{ . -u_ 3/fo;L / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO{sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{5 . / kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu s'lxg] tyf gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/sf] 5'§f5'§} Joj:yf ePsf] x'g'kg]{ . -3_ ;]jf ;'ljwf / u'0f:t/sf cfwf/df vfgkfgsf j:t'x? / cfjf;sf] cf3f/df cf}lrTok"0f{ d"No;lxtsf] d]g'sf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g'kg]{ . -ª_ ;+rf/sf Go"gtd ;'ljwfx? h:t} 6]lnkmf]g jf OG6/g]6sf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g'kg]{ .

^= xf]d:6]sf] juL{s/0f o; sfo{ljlwsf] cg';'rL—@ df pNn]lvt dfkb08 k"/f u/L cnu cnu :jfldTj ePsf sDtLdf kfFrj6f 3/wgLn] ;fd'lxs Joj:yfkg u/L ;~rfng u/]sf] xf]d:6]nfO{ ;fd'bflos u|fld0fxf]d:6] / u|fld0f If]qdf s'g} JolQmn] Psn ?kdf btf{ u/L lghL:t/df ;~rflnt xf]d:6]nffO{ lglhxf]d:6]sf] ?kdf jlu{s/0f u/LPsf] 5 .

&= xf]d:6]sf d'Vo ko{6sLo lqmofsnfk -!_ xf]d:6] ;~rfngn] dgf]/~hgsf nflu kfx'gfsf] rfxfgf cg';f/ :yfgLo If]qdf ;~rfng x'g] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd / k/Dk/fut v]ndf ;xefuL u/fpg] , pknAw x'g]\ If]qdf h+un 6«]s,Osf]6«]s, s[lif kmd{ cjnf]sg, cWoog tyf l;sfO{ s]Gb| ;+u|xfno, b[Zofjnf]sg cflb h:tf d'Vo do{6lsolqmofsnfk sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

152

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s xf]d:6]n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug'{kg]{5 . -s_ :yfgLo k|rngcg';f/ km'ndfnfsf ;fy :jfutsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . -v_ ko{6sx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos ejg jf v'nf 7fpFdf df}lns k/Dk/f jf ;F:s[ltdf cfwfl/t ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?sf] k|:t'lt, d]nf, hfqf h:tf ultljlwx? cfof]hgf u/L ;xefuL u/fpg] . -u_ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, ;+u|xfno, 3/]n' tyf x:tsnf ;fdfu|L pTkfbg s]Gb|, /dl0fo If]qsf] b[Zofjnf]sg, em/gf, h+un, aGohGt',tyf r/f cjnf]sg cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . -3_ :yfgLo s[lif, 3/]n' tyf x:tsnf k|ljlwdf ;xefuL u/fO{ ko{6s tyf :yfgLo hgtf aLr hLjgz}nL, snf, ;+:s[lt, e]ife'iff, cflb ljifodf cjnf]sg, cg'ej tyf 1fgsf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ . -ª_ xf]d:6]df a:g] ko{6sx?nfO{ ufpF3/df pTkflbt :yfgLo tyf k|fËfl/s vfgf v'jfO{ km/skgsf] cg'e"lt lbg] . -r_ ko{6snfO{ xf]d:6]df /xFbf pTs[i6 cfltYotf ;lxt / kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fdf al;/x]sf] cg'ej lbnfpg] . -5_ :yfgLo pTkfbg / ;+:s[lt emlNsg] dfof]sf] lrgf] / km'ndfnf ;lxt ko{6snfO{ ljbfO{ ug]{ . -h_ ko{6s xf]d:6]af6 ljbfO{ ePkl5 Psk6s pgLx?sf] uGtJodf k'u] gk'u]sf] hfgsf/L lng] .

*= xf]d:6]n] btf{ kZrft k'/f ug'{kg]{ cGo dfkb08x? xf]d:6] ;~rfnsn] btf{ kZrft k"/f ug'{kg]{ cGo dfkb08x? b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . -s_ ;'/Iff lgsfo;+u ;dGjo u/L ko{6s ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ . -v_ ko{6ssf] :jf:Yo l:yltsf] k"j{ hfgsf/L lnO{ ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] vfgkfgsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . -u_ ;fd'bflos xf]d:6]sf] nflu slDtdf Ps ;fd'bflos ejg jf xnsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ . -3_ x/]s jif{ n]vf kl/If0f u/fpg] / ko{6ssf] tYofÍ Jojl:yt u/L /fVg'kg]{ . -ª_ k|To]s jif{ kf}if d;fGt;Dd cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefu cGtu{tsf sfof{noaf6 s/ r'Qmf ug'{kg]{ . -r_ xfn ;+rflnt ;+l3o ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfodf btf{ ePsf xf]d:6]x? ;d]t @)&% kf}if d;fGt;Dd s/ r'Qmf / cGo cfjZos ljj/0f ;lxlt :yfgLo txdf btf{ ug'{kg]{ . -5_ xf]d:6]df cfpg] ko{6snfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd k|fs[lts lrlsT;fsf ultljlwx? ;~rfng u/L a;fO{sf lbg nDAofpg kxn ug'{kg]{ .

(= xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldlt -!_ ;fd'bflos xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug{sf nflu ;+rfnsn] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf e]nf u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldlt u7g ug'{kg]{5 . -s_ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?af6 Pshgf –cWoIf -v_ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?af6 Pshgf —pkfWoIf -u_ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?af6 Pshgf —sf]iffWoIf -3_ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?af6 dlxnf ;b:o — ;b:o -ª_ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?af6 Pshgf ;b:o — ;b:o ;lrj -@_ xf]d:6]df ;xefuL x'g] 3/ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfj]zL x'g] u/L ;d'bfon] yk ^ hgf;Dd ;b:osf] rog ug{ ;Sg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

153

-#_ xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -s_ ko{6sLo lqmofsnfkx? / ko{6s / ;+rfnsx?n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg]{ . -v_ cfuGt's kfx'gfsf] :jfut tyf cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] -u_ kfx'gfsf] btf{ tyf /]s8{sf] Joj:yf ug]{ . -3_ cfo Joosf] >]:tf Jojl:yt / b'?:t /fVg] . -ª_ k|To]s xf]d:6] / u|fdL0f If]qsf] ;/;kmfO{ tyf cGo Joj:yfkg kIfsf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{ . -r_ :yfgLoo ko{6g Kofs]hx?sf] lgdf{0f / k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ . -5_ :yfgLo k|ljlw, 1fg, ;Lk, jftfj/0f, k/Dk/f, z}nL, e]ife"iff, snf tyf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ . -h_ ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?sf] k|bz{g÷Joj:yfkg ug]{ . -em_ kfx'gfsf] :jf:Yof]krf/ / cGo cfsl:ds ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg / ;dGjo ug]{ . -`_ xf]d:6] hfg] kylrGx -;fOg]h_ tyf nf]s]zg Dofk tof/ u/L cfjZos :yfgdf /fVg] . -6_ ko{6s cfjf; u[xdf pknAw x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] u'0f:t/sf cfwf/df d]g'÷d"No lgwf{/0fdf Ps?ktf sfod ug]{ . -7_ k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] k}+tL; lbgleq kfx'gf ;+Vof, k|d'v lqmofsnfk cfo tyf Joo b]lvg] jflif{s k|ltj]bg :yfgLo txsf] sfof{no, ko{6g sfof{no / k|b]z dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg]{ -8_ :yfgLo txsf] xf]d:6] ;dGjo ;ldlt / k|b]zdf /x]sf] ko{6g dGqfno;+u lgoldt ;Dks{ / ;~rf/ ug]{ . -9_ cg';"rL—$ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf kfx'gfn] b]Vg] :yfgdf /fVg'kg]{ . -0f_ xf]d:6] ljsf;, k|j4{g tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu cWoog, cjnf]sg e|d0f h:tf sfo{ ug]{ . -t_ xf]d:6]sf] ljsf; k|j4{g tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZos cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .

!)= :yfgLo tx xf]d:6] ;dGjo ;ldlt -!_ :yfgLo txn] xf]d:6]sf] dfWodaf6 ko{6g ljsf; k|aw{g / ;dGjo ug{sf nflu Ps xf]d:6] ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ :yfgLo txsf k|d'v jf cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;DalGwt j8fsf] k|ltlglwsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;fd'bflos / lglh xf]d:6] ;~rfnssf k|ltlglw /xg] u/L % b]lv !! hgf ;Ddsf] :yfgLo tx xf]d:6] ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ :yfgLo tx xf]d:6] ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 . -s_ cfˆgf] :yfgLo txdf ePsf xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg ;ldltx? aLr ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ug]{ . -v_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / Ifdtf clej[l4 ;DalGw sfo{ ug]{ . -u_ cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug]{ . -3_ ;DefJo ko{6sLo ;Dkbfx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ . -ª_ ko{6ssf] ;+rf/ tyf ;'/Iffdf ;d:of b]lvPdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -r_ cfˆgf] :yfgLo txdf ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{ / clen]v Jojl:yt ug]{ . -5_ :yfgLo s[lif pTkfbg k|of]u ug]{ tyf k|fËfl/s s[lif k|jw{g ug]{, :yfgLo s[lif h}ljs k|ljlwdf ;xof]u k'of{pg] .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

154

!!= ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; of]hgfdf ;xof]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf M xf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf ;+/If0f ;DaGwL of]hgfdf k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u ug ;Sg]5 .

!@= cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf -!_ dGqfno jf :yfgLo tx jf tf]lsPsf] lgsfon] cfjZostfcg';f/ ;do ;dodf xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldltsf sfo{x? tyf k|To]s xf]d:6]sf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ dGqfno jf :yfgLo tx jf tf]lsPsf] lgsfoaf6 x'g] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0fsf qmddf tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 k"/f gug]{ xf]d:6]nfO{ dgfl;j dflkmssf] Kofb lbO{ dfkb08 k"/f ug{ nufpg'kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq klg dfkb08 sfod ug{ g;s]sf xf]d:6]nfO{ dGqfno jf tf]lsPsf] lgsfon] lgnDag jf vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ :jLs[t sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 cg';f/sf] sfdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf / sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 dGqfno jf dftxtsf lgsfoaf6 cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0fsf] sfd x'g]5 . -%_ s'g} xf]d:6] ;+rfnsn] dfkb08 kfngf gu/]sf] jf ;f] ;DaGwL u'gf;f] cfPdf dGqnoaf6 s'g} klg ;dodf lg/LIf0f u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ xf]d:6] ;+rfnssf] st{Jo x'g]5 .!#= gjLs/0f -!_ ;fd'bflos tyf gLlh xf]d:6] ;~rfnsn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfuhft ;+sng u/L x/]s jif{ xf]d:6] gjLs/0fsf] nflu :yfgLo txsf] sfof{nodf b'O{ xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] /l;b sf6L lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ 5 . -s_ gjLs/0f cjlw;Ddsf] n]vf kl/If0f k|ltj]bg / xf]d:6]n] ko{6snfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] ;]jfsf] ljj/0f . -v_ ;fd'bflos xf]d:6]sf] xsdf xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;+rfns ;ldltsf] k}ult k|ltj]bg -ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] eP ;f] sf] ;d]t k|ult ljj/0f . -@_ pkbkmf -!- adf]lhd gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf :yfgLo txsf] sfof{non] xf]d:6]sf gjLs/0f ug]{5 . / k"/f gePsf xf]d:6]sf] gjLs/0f x'g] 5}g .!$= k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf ahf/ls/0f xf]d:6]sf] xf]l8{Ë af]8{ , ;fOg af]8{ , a|f]l;o/, kf]i6/, l;8L h:tf k|rf/ k|;f/sf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] pTkfbg j]e;fO{6, kqklqsf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, pT;j, d]nt, dxf]T;j, u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnL ;+usf] ;xsfo{, 6'/ ck/]6/ tyf kqsf/x?nfO{ kl/rofTds e|d0f, e|d0f Kofs]hsf] lgdf{0f tyf ljqmL h:tf lqmofsnfkx? ko{6g ;DaGwL :yfgLo sfof{no tyf ;+:yf / :yfgLo txn] lghL If]qsf 6«fen tyf6«]lsË Ph]G;L;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L xf]d:6]sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf ahfl/s/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .!%= ljljw -!_ k|l;4 wfld{s lty{:yndf bz{gsf] nflu cfpg] bz{gfyL tyf tLyf{n'x?sf] a;f]af; / vfgkLgsf] aGbf]a:t ldnfpg xf]d:6] ;~rfngsf] nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfo ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf cg'/f]w ePdf o; sfo{ljlwsf] cGo Joj:yfx?sf] cGo Joj:yfx?sf] clwgdf /xL ;~rfng cg'dlt lbg ;lsg]5 . -@_ xf]d:6]df 6«fen Ph]G;L dfkm{t cfpg] ko{6ssf] jLdf u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt\ 6«fen Ph]G;Lsf] bfloTj x'g]5 . JolQmut ?kdf cfpg] ko{6ssf] xsdf ladf ug]{ lhDd]af/L

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

155

;DalGwt ko{6ssf] g} x'g]5 . -#_ xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug]{ ;~rfngn] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnP/ dfq ljb]zL d'b|fsf] sf/f]af/ ug'{kg]{5 . -$_ xf]d:6] ;~rfng ;DaGwL cfwf/e't tflnd g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg nufot cGo :jLs[lt k|fKt tflnd s]Gb|x?af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ ko{6sLo ultljwLdf g} c;/ kg]{ u/L gfhfoh sfd -7uL, rf]/L dlxnf lx+;f / cdfgljo Jojxf/ u/]sf] egL s'g} ko{6saf6 lgj]bg kg{ cfO{ ;f] s;'/ 7x/ ePdf jf cg'udgsf] qmddf k|dfl0frt ePdf Tof] lglh xf]d:6] jf ;fd'bflos xf]d:6]sf] ;b:o nfO{ k'gM xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug{ gkfpg] u/L lghsf] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;lsg]5 .

cg';"rL—! xf]d:6] btf{sf nflu lbO{g] lgj]bg

-bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;+u ;DalGwt_

>L============================== uf=kf=÷g=kf=÷pk÷d=g=kf= sf] sfof{no============================================================== .

d÷xfdLx?n] ==================================== j8f g+= ============== 6f]n÷ufpF ============================= df ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] ================================= xf]d:6]nfO{ xf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&% adf]lhd ;fd'bflos÷lghL xf]d:6]sf] ?kdf btf{ u/L kfpg lgj]bg ub{5'÷ub{5f}+ .

xf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf @)&% sf] clwgdf /xL cfˆgf] xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug]{5f}+ .;+nUg sfuhft != xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug]{ lgj]bssf] gfu/Lstf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk . @= xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug]{ k|To]s 3/wgLsf] huuf wgL k|df0f k"hf{ jf k}t[s ;DklQ emNsg] k|df0f jf d~h'/Lgfdf jf ef8fdf lnPsf] eP ;f] sf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnkL . #= k|To]s 3/wgLn] xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug{ d~h'/ u/]sf] sfuhft ;lxt xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnkL $= Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g tyf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL :yfgLo e]nfsf] lg0f{o . %= ;DalGwt j8fsf] l;kmfl/; . ^= cfwf/e't k|lzIf0f lnPsf] eP ;f] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL .

xf]d:6] o'lg6x? -btf{ x'g] JolQmx?_ sf] ljj/0f .qm=;+= ;+rfnssf] gfdy/ 7]ufgf != @= #= $= %=

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

156

gf]6M ;fd'bflos xf]d:6]sf] xsdf xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldltsf] cWoif jf clwsf/ lbPsf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;b:on] lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 .

lgj]bssf] gfdy/ M ============================= 7]ufgf M ======================================= ldlt M ===========================================

cg';'rL—@xf]d:6] ;~rfngsf cfwf/e"t dfkb08

-bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ / bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -@- ;+u ;DalGwt_

!= xf]:6]sf nflu 3/, sf]7f / z}of -s_ ;xh kxF'rsf nlu af6f]sf] k|aGw ePsf] 3/x? df}lns ;+:s[lt emlNsg] / xfjf x'/L, h+unL hgfj cflbaf6 ;'/lIft x'g'kg]{ v'nf, lxnf] tyf w'nf] /lxt ;kmf ;'U3/ x'g'kg]{5 . -v_ xf]d:6]df kfx'gfsf nflu slDtdf pp6f cnUu} sf]7f x'g'kg]{5 . -u_ xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug]{ Ps 3/df a9Ldf $ cf]6f ko{6ssf nflu 5'§fpg kg{]5 . -3_ Pp6f sf]7fdf a9Ldf @ j6fdfq cf]5\ofg /xg'kg]{5 . cf5\ofg sDtLdf ^=% lkm6 nDafO{ / # lkm6 rf}8fO{sf] x'g'kg]{5 . -ª_ e'O{df sfk]{6 jf /f8L jf ;kmf u'Gb|L cf]5\ofPsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -r_ 9f]sfdf v'§f k'5\g] af]/f jf 8f]/Dof6 ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -5_ g/d vfnsf] ;]tf] tGgf ePsf] / ;]t} vf]n ePsf cf]9\g]sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{5 . -h_ leQfdf jf 9f]sfsf] k5f8L kl§ n'uf em'08fpg] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -em_ sf]7fdf ljh'nL aQL jf nfN6Lg jf d}g jf 6'sL kfg; afNg] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{5 . -`_ ;'Tg]sf]7fdf w'jfF cfpg] x'g'x'Fb}g efG;fsf]7f / e¥ofË sf]7f ko{6s ;'tfpgsf nflu k|of]u ug'{x'Fb}g . -6_ ;'Tg] sf]7fdf /fd|f /fd|f b[Zo / :yfgLo ;+:s[lt emNsg] tl:j/x? ePdf /fd|f] x'g]5 . -7_ kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] Pp6f 6f]s/L -8i6ljg_ sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{5 . -8_ k|To]s kfx'gfsf nflu Pshf]/ rKknsf] Joj:yf x'gkg]{5 . -9_ leQfdf Pp6f cw{sb b]lvg] 7'nf] P]gf em'08fPsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -0f_ ;Dej eP;Dd ;'Tg] sf]7fdf lrof 6]jn /fVg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . -t_ ;Dej eP;Dd ;'Tg] sf]7fdf @ j6f s';L{ /fVg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . -y_ ko{6sn] b]Vg] 7fpFdf To; xf]d:6]sf km/s vfnsf ljz]iftf / wfld{s P]ltxfFl;s tyf /dl0fo :yfgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] af]8{ /fVg' /fd|f] x'g]5 . -b_ ko{6sn] kfngf ug'{kg]{ cg';"rL $ adf]lhdsf cfrf/;+lxtf k|i6 b]lvg] u/L pko'Qm :yfgdf 6fF:g'kg]{5 . / ;f] cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] af/]df kfx'gfnfO{ z'?d} hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 . -w_ d]g'df pnn]v eP afx]ssf cGo lqmofsnfk÷;]jfdf ko{6sx?nfO{ cltl/Qm z'Ns ltg{ afWo kfg{ x'Fb}g .@= zf}rfno / :gfg 3/ -s_ ;'ljwfo'Qm / ;kmf zf}rfno x'g'kg]{5 . -v_ xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug]{ 3/ jf ;d'bfon] g'xfpgsf nflu ;'ljwfo'Qm / ;kmf :gfg 3/sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 . -u_ :gfg 3/df kfgLsf] afN6L, du, ;fa'g, ?dfn cfbL cfwf/e't a:t'x? x'g'kg]{5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

157

#= efG5f sf]7f / vfgf vfg] Joj:yf -s_ kfx'gf /fVg] 3/÷sf]7f ghLs ufO{} e}+;L cyjf e]8f afv|f ;'Fu'/, s'v'/f cfbL afFWg jf kfNg kfO{g] 5}g . -v_ w]/} w'Fjf gx'g] efG;f -pGgt jf ;'wf/LPsf] r'nf]_ ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -u_ kfgLsf] ;'ljwf ldnfpg'kg]{ / vfg]kfgL lkmN6/ u/]/ jf pdfn]/ dfq lbg] ug'{kg]{5 . -3_ :yfgLo vfgfsf kl/sf/x?nfO{ :j:ys/ 9+un] ksfpg] / v'jfpg] k|aGw x'g'kg]{5 . -r_ ;fgf] 8fOlgË 6]ansf] klg k|aGw eP /fd|f] x'g]5 . -5_ vfgfsf] kl/sf/sf] ljj/0f tyf d"No lgwf{/0f u/Lpsf] -d]g' ePsf] _ x'g'kg]{5 .$= :jf:Yo ;/;kmfO{ tyf ;'/Iff -s_ af; a;g] sf]7f tyf ;'Tg] lj:tf/fdfls/f, nfdv'§], cfbLaf6 ;'/lIft ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -v_ ;fd'bflos ?kdf k|fylds pkrf/sf] joj:yf x'g'kg]{ v'nf gfnl / 9n gePsf] x'gkg]{5 . -u_ jftfj/0f d}qL s[lif, ko{6g lqmofsnfk, ko{6sLo ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] joj:yf, km'naf/L / a[Iff/f]k0f u/L x/LofnL x'g'kg]{5 .

cg';'rL—#xf]d:6] btf{ k|df0fkq

-bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;+u ;DalGwt_

>L ===================================== uf=kf=÷g=kf=÷pk÷d=g=kf= sf] sfof{no================================================= ldlt M===================

k|df0fkq ;+Vof M ========================

xf]d:6] ;~rfng k|df0fkq

==================================== nfO{ xf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&% df Joj:yf eP cg';f/ ;fd'bflos lghL xf]d:6]sf ?kdf btf{ u/L of] k|df0fkq k|bfg u/LPsf] 5 . !_ ;b:osf] gfdM @_ 7]ufgfM #_ dfGo cjlw M

HOME STAY OPERATION CERTIFICATE.................................................. Homestay is registered/renewed as a community/Private Homestay under Homestay Operation Procedures, 2075 B.S. 1. Name of the owner: 2. Address of the owner: 3. Valid up to:

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

158

zt{x?• Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldlt;+u ;dGjo u/L ko{6sx?nfO{ a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .

• rng rNtLsf] jf lgwf{l/t d"NoeGbf a9L d"No lng'x'Fb}g .

• :yfgLo ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fnfo{ c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf lqmofsnfkx? ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g .

• of] k|df0fkq tyf cg';"rL $ adf]lhdsf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf /fVg'kg]{5 .

• Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldlt;+u ;dGjo u/L k|To]s jif{ k|ltj]bg a'emfpg'kg]{5 .

• of] k|df0fkq Ps Ps jif{df gjLs/0f u/fpg'kg]{5 .

cg'dltkq k|bfg ug]{ clws[tsf] gfdM bhf{ M b:tvt M ldlt M

cg';'rL —$ Code of conduct for the Visitors -cfrf/ ;+lxtf_

-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -#_ v08 -9_ ;+u ;DalGwt_

The home saty Visitors are expected to abide following points. -ko{6sx?n] lgDg lnlvt cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{5 ._

1. Do not pressure the owner for food, beverage and facilities not availabel at home stay= -xf]d:6]df pknAw x'g g;Sg] vfgf, k]o kbfy{ / ;'ljwf af/] ;+rfnsnfO{ bjfa lbg kfO{g] 5}g ._

2. Do not distrub people at home or outside. -xf]d:6] / l5d]sLnfO{ c;/ kg]{ u/L xf]–xNnf ug{ kfO{g] 5}g ._

3. Do not offer anything to the people beyond one's capacity. -xf]d:6] ;+rfnssf] Ifdtf aflx/sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf dfu ug{ kfO{g] 5}g ._

4. Beware of doing any behaviour( such as sexual activities or sexual harassment which is impermissible to the local socio-cultural value. -;fdflhs d"No dfGotf, wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] lx;fan]gkRg] Jojfxf/ ultljwL, of}ghGo lx+;f ug{ kfO{g] 5}g ._

5. Respect to the rites and rituals of the local people; wear such clothes that are permissible to the community. -:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] /LtL l/jfhnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{kg]{5 . / ;d'bfodf ;xh x'g]sk8fx? nufpg'kg]{5 ._

6. Do not impress the owner or other people for doing immoral or illegal activities: respectto the household routine for entrance and exit. -cg}lts / u}/sfg'gL lqmofsnfk ug{ ;d'bfonfO{bjfj lbg' x'Fb}g ._

7. Supply and use of narcotics or any forms of psychotropic drugs at home or outsied isstrictly prohibited. -s'g} k|sf/sf nÝofpg] k|sf/sf nfu' kbfy{x? k|of]u ug{ / lalqm ljt/0f tyfcf];f/ k;f/ ug{ ;St dgfxL 5._

8. Respect to the biodiversity and ecology of the environment. -h}ljs ljljwtf / jftfj/l0fo kl/l:yltnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{xf];\ ._

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

159

xf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ k"FhLut cg'bfg lbg] ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw–@)&%

k|:tfjgf ko{6sLo u08sL k|b]zsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf nflu ko{6g If]q klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /x]sf] 5 .xf]d:6]sf] k|a4{g dfkm{t u|fdL0f If]qdf :j/f]huf/sf cj;/x? l;h{gf ub}{ tyf cfDbfgL j[l4df ;xof]uk'¥ofpb} u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf ;DefJo ufpFa:tLnfO{ cfly{s s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . xf]d:6]sf] dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] ljsf;, k|a4{g Joj:yfkg / lgodg ug{ u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/n] xf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&% hf/L u/]sf] 5 . u08sL k|b]zsf] cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / ah]6 jQmJodf u|fdL0f ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ k"hLut cg'bfg lbg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df :yfgLo tx;Fusf] ;dGjodf xf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ k"Flhut cg'bfg lbg] sfo{nfO{ ;/n, Jojl:yt, kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ of] sfo{ljlw agfO{Psf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æxf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ kF"lhut cg'bfg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&% /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] sfo{ljlw u08sL k|b]ze/ nfu' x'g]5 . -#_ of] sfo{ljlw k|b]z ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff ljifo / k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf, -s_ æxf]d:6]Æ eGgfn] ko{6snfO{ cfjf;, vfgf, / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;~rfng u/LPsf] ;fd'bflos 3/jf; ;]jf ;Demg'k5{ . -v_ æxf]d:6] ko{6g ljsf;Æ eGgfn] xf]d:6] If]q leq /x]sf k|fs[lts ;f+:s[lts, k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf df}lns ;|f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f, k|jw{g / lbuf]pkof]u ub}{ ;f] dfkm{t u|fld0f ko{6g ljsf; / :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] cfo cfh{gdf j[l4 / hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;lDemg' kg]{5 . -u_ æk'jf{wf/Æ eGgfn] xf]d:6 ;~rfng tyf k|a4{g;+u ;DalGwt ko{6s ;"rgf s]Gb| ;fd'bflos ejg, ax'p2]ZoLo ejg, ;fj{hflgs ;efu[x, k|bzgL :yn, x:tsnf s]Gb|, sf];]nL 3/, ;f}uft u[x, ;f+:s[lts ;+u|xfno, ;fj{hflgs k':tsfno, kfs{÷pBfg, Eo"6fj/, k|j]zåf/, kbdfu{, 9'Ë]dfu{, kmfxf]/ d}nf k|zf]wg tyf Joj:yfkg KnfG6, :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] k|aGw, 9n Joj:yfkg, OG6/g]6 jf 6]lnkmf]g jf ljB't ;'lawf ;Demg'k5{ . / ;f] zAbn] o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo k"jf{wf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -3_ æsfo{ljlwÆ eGgfn] 3/jf; -xf]d:6]_ ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&% nfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . -ª_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] u08sL k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg, tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg'k5{ . -r_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] xf]d:6] ;~rfng x'g] dxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf jf ufpFkflnsf ;Demg'k5{ . -5_ ælgdf{0fÆ eGgfn] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, ljsf;, lj:tf/, k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ;Demg'k5{ . -h_ ækl/of]hgfÆ eGgfn] xf]d:6] ePsf] ;d'bfodf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f jf ;~rfng ug{ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd sfof{Gjog u/Lg] of]hgf ;Demg'k5{ .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

160

#= k|:tfj cfJxfg ug]{ -!_ sfo{ljlw :jLs[t ePkl5 xf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ k"Flhut cg'bfg lbg] sfo{qmdsf nflu ljlgof]lht /sdsf] kl/lwleq /lx kl/of]hgf k|:tfjsf] ;fj{hflgs ?kdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfAxfg u/Lg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf g]kfnL efiffdf /fli6«o :t/sf] kq klqsfdf k|sfzg u/Lg]5 . dGqfnosf] j]a;fO{6df ;d]t /flvg]5 . -#_ k|:tfj cfAxfg ubf{ sDtLdf #) lbgsf] Dofb lbO{g]5 . -$_ o:tf] k|:tfa cfAxfg Ps cfly{s jif{df a9Ldf b'O{ k6s;Dd ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ k|:tfj cfAxfgsf] ;"rgf cg';"rL ! adf]lhd x'g]5 .

$= k|:tfj k]z ug]{ -!_ ;fd'bflos xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldltn] kl/of]hgfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o;sf nflu :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/; ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL dGqfno ;dIf l;w} jf x'nfs÷s'l/c/ dfkm{t k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ kl/of]hgf k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

%= k|:tfj d"Nof+sg ug]{ -!_ dGqfnon] k|fKt x'g cfPsf kl/of]hgf k|:tfjx?sf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 . -s_ dGqfnosf] ko{6g x]g]{ dxfzfvf k|d'v — ;+of]hs -v_ cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnosf] clws[t k|ltlglw — ;b:o -u_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ dGqfnosf] clws[t k|ltlglw — ;b:o -3_ e"ld Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf] clws[t — ;b:o -ª_ xf]d:6] dxf;+3 u08sL k|b]zsf] cWoIf — ;b:o -r_ dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] ko{6g ;DalGw lj1 Ps hgf — ;b:o -5_ dGqfnosf] ko{6g x]g]{ zfvf k|d'v — ;b:o ;lrj

-@_ dGqfnon] ;fj{hflgs ;"rgf cfAxfg u/] adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf ;a} k|:tfjx? d"NofÍg ;ldltdf k7fpg]5 . -#_ k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf] c+sef/ cg';"rL—# sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/ tyf c+sef/d cfjZostf / cf}lrTosf cfwf/df dlGq:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg] . -$_ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] !% lbgleq ;ldltn] k|:tfjx?sf] d"NofÍg tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] k|:tfjx?sf] d"Nof+sg tyf ljZn]if0f u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu dGqfno ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .

^= k|:tfjsf] :jLs[lt -!_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] d"NofÍg u/L k]z u/]sf kl/of]hgf k|:tfjx? dGqfnon] !% lbgleq clGtd 5gf}6 u/L :jLs[t ug]{5 . -@_ dfu ePsf k|:tfjx? d"NofÍg ubf{ Go"gtd c+s xfFl;n ePsf k|:tfjx? eP;Dd k|To]s :yfgLo txdf slDtdf Pp6f kl/of]hgf kg]{ u/L cfof]hgf 5gf}6 u/Lg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

161

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf kl/of]hgfsf] hfgsf/L k|:tfj k]z ug]{ xf]d:6] ;ldltnfO{ & lbg leq lbO{g]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf kl/of]hgfsf] ;"rL dGqfnon] j]a;fO6 dfkm{t klg ;fj{hflgs ug]{5 .

&= kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf -!_ :jLs[t kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;fd'bflos xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf ;+rfns ;ldlt;+u dGqfno jf tf]lsPsf] sfof{non] hfgsf/L lbPsf] & lbgleq ;Demf}tf ug]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tfdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog cjlw / dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t zt{x? ;Demf}tfdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sfn] cg'bfgsf] clwstd pkof]u Pj+ kl/rfng x'g] u/L zt{x? pNn]v u/Lg]5 . -#_ kl/of]hgf :jLs[tL / ;Demf}tf kZrft kl/of]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] /sdsf] $) k|ltzt ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] vftfdf pknAw u/fO{g]5 . -$_ /sd lgsfzf lbFbf kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{k|ult, cf}lrTotf Pj+ ;|f]t kl/rfngsf] ;'lglZrtfnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL # ls:tfdf cg'bfg pknAw u/fO{g]5 . -%_ xf]d:6]df k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DalGw cg'bfg k|fKt ug{sf nflu xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] k|:tfj uPsf ko{6g k"jf{wf/sf] nfutsf] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt ah]6 ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] 5'§fPsf] jf Joj:yf u/]sf] l;kmfl/; kq ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 .

*= sfo{qmd ;~rfng -!_ kl/of]hgf k|:tfj :jLs[t e} ;Demf}tf u/]sf] !%b lbgleq xf]d:6] ;ldltn] sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfo{qmd;~rfng ePsf] hfgsf/L :yfgLo tx / dGqfnonfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . -#_ xf]d:6] ;ldltn] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt cjlwleq sfo{ ;DkGg u/L k]:sL km¥of}+6 ;lxt clGtd ls:tfsf] e'QmfgL dfu ug'{kg]{5 . -$_ s'g} ;ldltn] k|:tfadf pNn]lvt cjlwleq sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ g;Sg] ePdf dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{ dGqfno ;dIf Dofb yk ug{ lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]sf]df sf/0f dgfl;j b]lvPdf dGqfnon] Ps dlxgfdf ga9fO{ Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]5 . -^_ sfo{qmd cg'udg dGqfno cfkm} jf dGqfnosf lhNnfl:yt lgsfox?af6 u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd cg'udgsf] a]nf lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug]{ lhDd]jf/L xf]d:6] ;ldltsf] x'g]5 . -*_ ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] xf]d:6]df ;~rfng ePsf] ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; lqmofsnfksf] ljn e/kfO{, sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf] sfuhft k]z ePkl5 ls:tf e'QmfgL jf clGtd km5of}+6 u/Lg]5 . -(_ k|:tfjdf pNn]lvt ;dodf sfo{ ;Dkfbg gu/]df jf /sdsf] b'?kof]u u/]df To:tf ;ldltsf] a}+s vftf /f]Ssf u/L ;DkGg ePsf sfo{x?sf] dfq e'QmfgL / km/kmf/s u/L afFsL cjlw tyf sfo{s nflu ;Demf}tf /2 u/Lg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

162

(= kl/of]hgf ;'k/Lj]If0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg -!_ kl/of]hgfsf] ;'kl/j]If0f dGqfnosf lhNnfl:yt lgsfosf k|d'v jf dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] clwsf/L, ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] k|ltlglw / xf]d:6] dxf;+3 u08sL k|b]zsf] k|ltlglwaf6 x'g]5 . -@_ ;'k/Lj]If0fsf nflu cg';"rL—$ adf]lhdsf] kmf/d k|of]u u/Lg]5 . -#_ k/Lof]hgfsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg dGqfnon] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{ agfPsf] sfo{bn jf dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] clwsf/Laf6 x'g]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd u/Lg] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf] k|ltj]bg dGqfnodf k]z u/Lg]5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a'emfpg] k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL —% adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 .

!)= afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/ M o; sfo{ljlwsf] sfof{Gjog s'g} afwf pTkGg ePdf dGqfnosf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;/sf/n] To:tf] afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg ;Sg]5 .

!!= ;+zf]wg tyf x]/km]/ M k|b]z ;/sf/n] o; sfo{ljlwdf cfjZostfcg';f/ ;+zf]wg Pj+ x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

cg';'rL —!kl/of]hgf k|:tfj cfAxfgsf] ;”rgf

-bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;+u ;DalGwt_-k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt @)&======= ÷========÷===========_

u08sL k|b]z, k|b]z ;/sf/sf] cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ sf] jflif{s :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ xf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ k"FhLut cgbfg lbg] sfo{qmd /x]sfn] k|b]z ;/sf/af6 hf/L xf]d:6] -3/af;_ ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&% adf]lhd ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg e} /x]sf 3/af; ;ldltx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nfluxf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ kF"hLut cg'bfg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&% adf]lhd of] ;"rgf k|sflztu/LPsf] 5 . u08sL k|b]z leqsf ko{6snfO{ cfjf;, vfgf / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;~rfng u/LPsf] ;fd'bflos 3/af;, vfg / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;~rfng u/LPsf] ;fd'bflos 3/jf; ;~rfng ePsf :yfgdf xf]d:6] ;~rfng;+u ;DalGwt ko{6s ;"rgf s]Gb|, ;fd'bflos ejg, ax'p2]ZoLo ejg, ;fj{hflgs k':tsfno, kfs{÷pBfg, Eo"6fj/, k|j]zåf/, kbdfu{, 9'+u]dfu{ kmf]xf]/ d}nf k|zf]wg tyf Joj:yfkg KnfG6, :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] k|aGw, 9n Joj:yfkg, OG6/g]6 jf 6]lnkmf]g jf ljB't ;'ljwf jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, ljsf;, lj:tf/, k'g:yfkgf ug]{ h:tf kl/of]hgfsf ;fy} :yfgLo snf, ;+:s[lt, efiff, uLt, ;+lut, g[t[To, e]ife'iff, df}lns ef]hg nufot o:t} ;f+:s[lts, k'/ftflTjs, k|fs[lts, kof{j/0fLo dxTjsf ljifox/sf] ;+/If0f, k|j4{g / lbuf]pkof]udfkm{t ko{6g ljsf; tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] cfocfh{gdf j[l4 ug{ OR5's eO{ btf{ ePsf ;fd'bflos 3/af; ;~rfng Joj:yfkg ;ldltx/sf] b]xfo adf]lhdsff sfuhftx? ;lxt k|:tfj cfAxfg u/LG5 . of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #) lbg leq lglb{i6 9fFrfdf k|:tfj k]z u/L ;Sg'kg]{5 .

k|:tfjsf] 9f+rf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] j]a;fO6 http://moitfe.gandaki.gov.np df pknAw xf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ k"Fhlut cg'bfg ;DalGw sfo{ljlw, @)&% sf] cg';"rL @ df /flvPsf] 5 . k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf sfof{no ;doleq dGqfnoaf6 ;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;ls]g5 . kl/of]hgfk|:tfjsf] 9fFrfdf pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0fsf ;fy} -s_ xf]d:6] ;~rfngsf] btf{÷gjLs/0f u/LPsf] k|df0fkqsf]

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

163

k|ltlnkL, -v_ kl/of]hgfsf] nflu :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/;, -u_ kl/of]hgfsf] nflu cGo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf eP ;f] ;DalGw ljj/0f / -3_ kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ ;fd'lxs k|ltj4tfsf] lg0f{o k|lt ;+nUg ug'{kg]{5 .

k/Lof]hgf k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg, ljZn]if0f tyf 5gf}6 ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f xf]d:6]df ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ k"FhLut cg'bfg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&% adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k|:tfj a'emfpg] 7]ufgfpBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnou08sL k|b]z, kf]v/f, g]kfnkmf]g g+=M )^!–$^&^%$÷$^&^&)Od]n Minfo@moitfe.gandaki.gpv.np / moitfe4@gmail.comj]j;fO{6 M http://moitfe.gandaki.gov,np

cg';'rL —@kl/of]hgf k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf

-bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;+u ;DalGwt_efu ! M ;+:yfut ljj/0f -s_ gfd M -v_ 7]ufgf M 6]lnkmf]g M Od]n M -u_ btf{ ePsf] :yfg, gLlt / btf{ g+= M -3_ gjLs/0f ldlt M -ª_ ;Dks{ JolQmsf] gfd M kb M 6]lnkmf]g M Od]n M

efu @ M kl/of]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f -s_ kl/of]hgfsf] gfd M -v_ kl/of]hgf ;~rfng x'g] :yfg M -u_ kl/of]hgfsf] hDdf ah]6 M -3_ dfu u/LPsf] /sd M -ª_ cGo ;fem]bf/ eP ;fem]bf/sf] gfd / 7]ufgf M -r_ ;fem]bf/ nufgL /sd M -5_ kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw M -h_ kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zox? M -em_ k|:tfljt d'Vo lqmofsnfkx? / kl/0ffd M -`_ kl/of]hgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] ck]lIft pknlAw M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

164

efu # M kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f-6_ sfo{of]hgf M qm=;+= lqmofsnfk` ;do -xKtf jf dlxgf _ lhDd]jf/ s}lkmot -7_ ;+:yfut ljj/0f -sd{rf/L, ;fwg, >f]t, sfof{no cflb_ M-8_ a}+ssf] gfd / vft gDa/ M-9_ k|:tfljt kl/of]hgfsf] ah]6 M qm=;+= ljj/0f kl/0ffd b/ hDdf /sd ;+:yfsf] of]ubfg dfu u/LPsf] /sd s}lkmot ;+:yf jf ;ldltsf] of]ubfg hDdf dfu u/LPsf] ah]6sf] sDtLdf @) Ü x'g'kg]{5 .

cg';"rL—#kl/of]hgf k|:tfj d”NofÍgsf] c+sef/-bkmf %sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;+u ;DalGwt\_

:yfgLo txaf6 l;kmfl/; gePsf] kl/of]hgf d"NofÍg k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z u/Lg] 5}g . kl/of]hgf;+u ;DalGwt sfuhftsf] k|ltlnkL ;+nug u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . kl/of]hgf k|:tfjsf] c+sef/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 . qm=;+= cfwf/ c+sef/

!=

nfut ;xeflutf %) s'n kl/of]hgf nfutsf] #)—%) k|ltzt ePdf $) !)—#) k|ltzt ePdf #% ;d'bfo tyf :yfgLo txaf6 nfut ;xeflutf ePdf yk !)

@= sfo{ cg'ej !)

k'/fgf] xf]d:6] !) gofF xf]d:6] *

#= Joj:yfklso Ifdtf !)

lgoldt a}7s u/]sf] % lgoldt n]vfkl/If0f u/]sf] %

$= ;dfj]lztf÷;dtfd"ns !)

Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ## k|ltzt eGbf a9L ePdf !) ## k|ltzt eGbf sd ePdf *

%= jftfj/0fd}qL !)

;/;kmfO{ % a[Iff/f]k0f %

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

165

• kl/of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ Go"gtd %) c+s k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .• dGqfnon] lbg] /sd k|lt kl/of]hgf ;fdfGotofM ?= % nfv b]lv !% nfv;Dd x'g]5 .• kl/of]hgf ;fwf/0ftofM $ b]lv ^ dlxgf;Dd jf clwstd * dlxgfleq ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg]

k|s[ltsf] x'g'kg]{5 .

cg';'rL—$kl/of]hgf ;'k/Lj]If0f kmf/d

-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;+u ;DalGwt\_-s_ kl/of]hgfsf] gfdM-v_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yf÷;ldltM-u_ kl/of]hgf :ynM-3_ s'n ah]6 M ;ldltsf] of]ubfgM dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt /sdM cGo ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt-ª_ ah]6 pknAw u/LPsf] ldlt M k|yd ls:tf M bf]>f] ls:tf M t];|f] ls:tf M-r_ kl/of]hgf z'? x'g] ldlt M ;DkGg ldltM-5_ kl/of]hgf lqmofsnfk / k|ult ;DalGw tflnsf M-h_ kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf b]lvPsf ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf ljsNk / u/LPsf k|of;x?M-em_ ;'emfjx? M-`_ kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yf÷;ldltsf] egfO{M-6_ ;'kl/j]ifssf]M

gfd M x:tfIf/ M kb M ldlt M

cg';'lr—%cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;+u ;DalGwt\_

-s_ kl/of]hgfsf] gfd M -v_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yf÷;ldltM -u_ kl/of]hgf :yn M

-3_ s'n ah]6 ;ldltsf] of]ubfgM dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt /sd M cGo ;+:yfaf6 k|fKtM -ª_ kl/of]hgf z'? ldltM ;DkGg ldlt M -r_ ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox? M kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

166

kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 b]lvPsf M -5_ k|d'v pknAwLx? M -h_ ;'emfjx? M ;an kIfx? M ;'wf/ug'{kg]{ kIfx? M r'gf}ltx? M ;Defjgfx? M -6_ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgstf{ M gfd M x:tfIf/ M kb M ldlt M

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

167

sf]z]nL3/ :yfkgf tyf ;~rfngsfo{ljlw–@)&^

k|:tfjgf ;fj{hflgs, gLhL, ;xsf/L / ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;xsfo{df n3', 3/]n', tyf ;fgf pBdLnfO{ sRr kbfy{ ;xh ?kdf pknAw u/fO{ To:tf pBdLn] pTkfbg u/]sf j:t'sf] vl/b, ljlqm tyf ahfl/s/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ c3' 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBdLsf] pTyfg ug{sf] nflu pko'Qm :yfgdf sf]z]nL3/ :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{ af~5gLoePsf]n], k|zf;sLo sfo{ljlw -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g @)&% sf] bkmf @ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/n] of] sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b –Ps M k|f/lDes!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfdæsf]z]nL 3/ :yfkgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&^Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] sfo{ljlw t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .@= kl/efiff ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf M -s_ æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] bkmf #* adf]lhdsf] sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng tyf ;xof]u sf]if ;Demg'k5{ . -v_ æsf]z]nL 3/ÆeGgfn] pBdLx?af6 pTkflbt j:t'x? ;+sng u/L lalqm ug]{ tyf pBdL x?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{x?, d]lzg cf}hf/x? cfk"lt{ ug]{ :yfgnfO{ hgfpF5 . -u_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ;Demg'k5{ . -3_ ælgb]{zgfnoÆ eGgfn] dGqfno cGtu{tsf] pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfno ;Demg'k5{ . -ª_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] eGqfno cGtut{sf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf sfof{nonfo{ ;d]t hgfpF5 . -r_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf #^ adf]lhd ul7t sf]z]nL 3/ Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ;ldlt ;Demg'k5{ . -5_ æpBdLÆeGgfn] n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBdL ;Demg'k5{ . -h_ æpTkflbt j:t'Æ eGgfn] pBdLaf6 g]kfndf pTkfbg u/]sf j:t',-s[lif pkh-t/sf/Lafx]s_ / ;f] nfO{ rflxg] cfjZos sRrf kbfy{ / aLp lahg ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . -em_ æljqm]tfÆ eGgfn] sf]z]nL 3/sf] j:t' tyf ;fdfg ljqmL ug{ ;ldltn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] JolQm ;Demg'k5{ . -`_ ælghL If]qsf ;+3 ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, g]kfn 3/]n' pBf]u dxf;+3, /fli6«o n3' pBdL dxf;+3 g]kfn, Jofkf/ ;+3 jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ;+3;:yf / ltgsf k|b]z, lhNnf / :yfgLo tx l:yt ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . -6_ æahf/ k|j4{g k"FhLÆ eGgfn] s'g} ;/sf/L jf cw{;/sf/L jf gLlh If]qsf ;+ul7t ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ dGqfnoaf6 lbO{g] kF"lhut cg'bfg /sd ;Demg'kb{5 .

#= sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] p2]Zo sf]z]nL3/ :yfkgf tyf ;~rfngsf] p2]Zo b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 . -s_ k|b]zleq /x]sf pBdLaf6 pTkflbt j:t' vl/b tyf laqmL ljt/0f u/L pBdLsf]

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

168

hjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] . -v_ pBdLnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{ / d]l;g pks/0f ;xh / ;'ne ?kdf pknAw u/fpg ;xlhs/0f ug]{ . -u_ :yfgLo ;Lk, ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] kl/rfng u/L /f]huf/L / cfocfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] . -3_ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6snfo{ :yfgLo pTkfbgx? ;'ne tl/sfn] pknAw u/fpg] .

$= nfeflGjt tyf nlIft ju{ -s_ pBdLx?, -v_ n3' pBdLåf/f pTkflbt j:t' jf pkef]Qmf Jofkf/L / Joj;foLx?, -u_ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6x? .

kl/R5]b—b'O{ M sf]z]nL3/ 5gf}6 ljlw%= sfo{qmd ;~rfng -!_ of] sfo{qmd dGqfno jf dftxtsf sfof{no dfkm{t ;~rfng x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg s'g} sf/0fn] dGqfno jf dftxtsf lgsfoaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ g;lsg] ePdf sf]z]nL3/n] ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] ;dGjodf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .^= k|:tfj dfu ug]{o; sfo{ljlw cg';f/ sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg lgDg cg';f/sf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L pknAw u/fpg] . -s_ o; sfo{ljlw cg';f/ sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cg'bfg lbg] p2]Zon] dGqfnon] sDtLdf !% lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ /fli6«o klqsfdfkm{t k|:tfj cfAxfg u/L ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{kg]{5 . ;fy} pQm ;"rgf dGqfnosf] j]j;fO{6 / :yfgLo txsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; ug'{kg]{5 . -v_ ;"rgf k|sfzg ePkl5 bkmf & adf]lhd of]Uotf ePsf pBdLx? jf ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] cg';"rL — ! adf]lhd lgj]bgsf] ;fydf cg';"rL—@ adf]lhd el/Psf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

&= cfj]bg lbg cfjZos of]Uotf -s_ pBdL4f/f pTkflbt j:t'sf] lg/Gt/ pTkfbg tyf ljqmL ljt/0fdf ;+nUg /x]sf] . -v_ n3'pBd ;~rfng ePsf ;DefAo If]qx? -Potential Area_ x'g'kg]{5 . -u_ e]uLo ;Gt'ng sfod x'g] u/L k|:tfj u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . -3_ slDtdf $)Ü ;+:yfut ;fem]bf/L x'g'kg]{5 . -ª_ kF"hLut ;xof]usf nflu /sd dfu ePsf] x'gkg]{5 . -r_ d'Vo ahf/ If]q x'g'kg]{ 5 . -5_ n3'pBdLsf] If]qdf lqmofzLn /x]sf 5ftf ;+u7gdf cfj4 ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .*= k|:tfj d"NofÍg ;ldlt u7gsf] Joj:yf -!_ cg'bfgsf] nflu k]z x'g cfPsf k|:tfjx?sf] d"Nofª\sg / 5gf}6sf nflu b]xfoadf]lhd k|Ztfj d"NofÍg ;ldlt u7g u/Lg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

169

s_ pBf]u jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf cf}Bf]lus tyf ko{6g k|j4{g dxfzfvf, dxfzfvf k|d'v – ;+of]hs v_ ko{6g zfvf k|d'v –;b:o u_ n]vf clws[t –;b:o 3_ cf}Bf]lus zfvf x]g]{ clws[t –;b:o ;lrj

-@_ 5gf}6 ;ldltn] a}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ lj1 af]nfpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostfcg';f/ a:g]5 . -$_ a}7sdf cfjZostfcg';f/ al9df @ hgf lj1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfng x'g] If]qsf] :yfgLo tx;Fu cfjZostf adf]lhd ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0fsf] sfd ;ldltn] ug]{5 .

(= k|:tfj d"NofÍg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/k|:tfj d"NofÍg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 . -s_ bkmf ^ adf]lhd dfu u/LPsf] k|fKt k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg u/L pko'Qm k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ . -v_ 5gf}6 ePsf] sf]z]nL3/nfO{ lbOg] cg'bfg /sd :jLs[t ug]{ . -u_ sf]z]nL3/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] . -3_ cg'bfg /sdsf] k|of]usf] cj:yf cg'udg u/L b'?kof]u /f]Sg lgb]{zg lbg] . -ª_ d"NofÍg adf]lhd of]Uotfqmd cg'?k :jLs[t ah]6sf] kl/lwleq slt j6f 7fpFdf pknAw u/fpg ;lsG5, ;f] sf] olsg u/L :jLs[lt÷l;kmfl/; ug]{ . -^_ sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf] nflu ;xof]u /sdsf] ls:tf lgsf;f ug{ l:js[lt lbg] . -&_ sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf] cg'udg ug]{ . -*_ cg'bfg /sdsf] ;b'kof]u gug]{ pBdLnfO{ sf/afxLsf nflu cl3 a9fpg] . -(_ d"NofÍg ;DaGwL cfjZos sfd ug]{ .

kl/R5]b — tLg M sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfng k|lqmof

!)= æsf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng k|lqmofÆ sf]z]nL3/nfO{ Jojl:yt ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ bkmf #* adf]lhdsf] æsf]z]nL 3/ Joj:yfks ;ldltÆ u7g ug'{kg]{5 . sf];]nL3/ :yfkgf / ;~rfngsf nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{kg]{5 . -s_ u|fxsx?sf] a0L cfjthfjt x'g] 7fpF . -v_ pTkfbgsf] a9L pkof]u x'g] If]q . -u_ oftfoft, ;~rf/, ;'/Iff nufot ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;'ljwf ePsf] . -3_ dfn;fdfg 9'jfgL ug{ ;'ljwf ePsf] :yfg . -ª_ dfn;fdfg e08f/0f ug{ kof{Kt 7fpF / ;'ljwf ePsf] :yfg M -r_ k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ sf]z]nL 3/ vf]Ng s'g} afwf gePsf] :yfg .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

170

!!= ljqmL of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sf]z]nL3/sf] p2]Zo xfFl;n ug{sf nlu cfjlws ?kdf lglZrt nIf ;lxt jflif{s, cw{jflif{s, tyf dfl;s of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{5 . ;fdfGotof ljqmL of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{df Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, Joj:yfks, laqm]tf / ahf/ k|ltlglwx?sf] lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 . cfjZostfcg';f/ of] of]hgf agfpgsf nlu cGo ;DalGwt\ JolQmx?sf] klg ;xof]u lng ;lsg]5 .!@= sf]z]nL3/sf] ;hfj6 / jftfj/0f sf]z]nL 3/df ;fdfgx? k|fKt e};s]kl5 sf]z]nL 3/ ;+rfnsn] pQm ;fdfgx?nfO{ ;fdfgsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ ;f]s]z cyjf ¥ofsdf cfsif{s tl/sfn] ;hfP/ /fVg'kg]{5 . sf]z]nL 3/ / o;sf] jl/k/L ;'uGwLt, cfsif{s / ;kmf jftfj/0f sfod /fVg' sf]z]nL 3/ ;+rfnssf] st{Jo x'g]5 .!#= laqmL u/Lg] j:t'x? -!_ :yfgLo :t/df n3' 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBdL4f/f pTkflbt j:t'x? sf]z]nL 3/n] :yfgLo b/efpdf vl/b ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng ug{ bkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf j:t'x? kof{Kt gePdf sf]z]nL 3/n] cGo pTkfbsaf6 :yfgLo ;Lk / sRrf kbfy{ k|of]u u/L pTkflbt j:t'x? ;d]t vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ sf]z]nL 3/n] n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBdLsf] dfu cg';f/sf sRrf kbfy{ tyf cf}hf/x? ;'k d"Nodf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 . -$_ bkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg sf]z]nL 3/df dlb/f tyf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ vl/b ljqmL ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .!$= j:t' tyf sRrf kbfy{ vl/b k|lqmof pBdLaf6 tof/L a:t' tyf sRrf kbfy{ vl/b laqmL ubf{ sf]z]nL3/n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{kg]{5 . -s_ sf]z]nL 3/n] ahf/ dfu tyf sf]z]nL 3/sf] Ifdtfsf cfwf/df j:t'x? vl/b ug'{kg]{5 . j:t'vl/b ug'{eGbf klxn] cfk"lt{stf{ pBdL;Fu j:t'sf] u'0f:t/, dfq, 9'jfgL, e'QmfgL k|lqmof cflbsf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L sf]z]nL 3/n] ;dembf/L sfod ug'{kg]{5 . -v_ sf]z]nL 3/n] tof/L a:t' cfk"lt{ ug]{ pBdLx?;Fu v08 -s_ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{5 . -u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tfdf a:t'sf] u'0:t/, e'QmfgL k|lqmof, 9'jfgL cflb ljifox? ;d]t pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . -3_ v08 -v_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg Psk6sdf kfFrxhf/ ;Ddsf] j:t' vl/b ubf{ pBdL;+u ;Demf}tf u/L/xg kg]{ 5}g .!%= sRrf kbfy{ vl/b sf]z]nL3/n] sRrfkbfy{sf] vl/b ubf{ b]xfosf k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{kg]{5 . -s_ sf]z]nL3/n] :yfgLo pBdL;Fusf] 5nkmn / dfu ;+sng u/L a:t' pTkfbg ug{ s;sf] / slt dfqfdf sRrfkbfy{sf] cfjZostf kg]{ xf], To;sf] cg'dfg / ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . h;sf nflu pBdLx?;+u cfjZos 5nkmn / dfu ;+sng ug{ ;lsg]5 . -v_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] pBdL;+usf] 5nkmn / dfucg';f/ sRrfkbfy{sf] cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . -u_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L k|rlnt lgod cg';f/ cfjZos sRrfkbfy{ vl/b ug{ Joj:yfksnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg ;Sg] 5 . -3_ sf]z]nL 3/ ;+rfnsn] vl/b ePsf] sRrf kbfy{sf] e'QmfgL a}+sdfkm{t ug'{kg]{5 . -ª_ ;fdfg vl/b u/L;s]kl5 pQm ;fdfgsf] plrt e08f/0f / Joj:yfkg ug]{ / pBdLx?nfO{ ljqmL ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] bfloTj sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnssf] x'g]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

171

!^= ;fdfu|Lsf] sf]l8ª tyf OGe]G6«L /]s8{ Joj:yfkg b]xfosf adf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 -s_ sf]z]nL 3/df pBdLaf6 j:t' tyf ;fdfgx? k|fKt e};s]kl5 Joj:yfksn] ;fdfg k|flKt gf]6e/L nsf]l8ª u/L plrt :yfgdf /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 . -v_ k|fKt ePsf] j:t' tyf ;fdfgsf] :6s a'sdf /]s8{ Jojl:yt u/L e08f/0f tyf sf/f]af/ kZrft :6s a'sdf ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg'kb{5 .

!&= vl/b ljqmL /]s8{ Joj:yfkg sf]z]nL 3/ ;+rfnsn] b}lgs vl/b ljqmL ePsf ;fdfgx?sf] ljj/0f ;f]xL lbg vftfdf k|lji6, ljqmL ePsf a:t'x?sf] lznlznfj4 ?kdf aLn hf/L u/L /]s8{ Jojl:yt ug'{kg]{5 .

!*= df}Hbft clen]v -s_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] df}Hbft clen]v b}lgs ?kdf cWofjlws u/L ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ -Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{_ ;fKtflxs ?kdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -v_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] vl/b ePsf, pkxf/ k|fKt ePsf, s'lxPsf, 6'6]km'6sf tyf lj1fkgsf nflu lbOPsf j:t'sf] b}lgs ?kdf cWofjlws ug'{kg]{5 . -u_ sf]z]nL3/af6 j:t'x? ljlqm ubf{( First In First Out (FIFO) ljlw k|of]u ug'{kg]{5 .

!(= Go"gtd df}Hbft -s_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfns ;ldltn] df};dsf] cj:yf, ;fdfu|Lsf] dfu / cfk"lt{, ljz]if rf8kj{ tyf ;fdfu|Lsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ sDtLdf Ps xKtfsf] nflu j:t'sf] df}Hbft /xg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 . -v_ sf]z]nL3/df /xg] ;fdfgsf] Go"gtd df}Hbft Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] tf]Sg]5 eg] ;+rfns ;ldltn] ;fKtflxs ?kdf To;sf] cg'udg ug'{kg]{5 .@)= cg'bfg k|of]u ug{ gkfO{g] If]q sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfns ;ldltn] sf]z]nL3/sf] nflu lnOPsf] 3/÷;6/sf] ef8f tyf cGo k|zf;lgs sfo{, sd{rf/L tna, eQf, OGwg cflbdf k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

@!= d"No lgwf{/0f -s_ sf]z]nL 3/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] tof/L ;fdfu|Lsf] ljqmL d"No lgwf{/0f nfut, ahf/ k|lt:kwf{ / dfu / cfk"lt{df cfwfl/t eO{ ug'{kg]{5 . -v_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] ;do kl/l:ylt, ahf/ cj:yf cflbnfO{ dWogh/ u/L Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf d"No k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -u_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] x/]s j:t'sf] d"No ;"rL u|fxsn] b]Vg] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg] tyf k|To]s j:t'df 6\ofu Pj+ l:6s/ 6fF:g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 . -3_ sf];]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] :yfgLo pBdLaf6 pTkflbt vl/b ePsf] j:t'sf] k|s[lt x]/L al9df @ k|ltzt ;Dd dfq gfkmf /fv]/ ljqmL d"No to ug'{kg]{5 .

@@= gub Joj:yfkg -s_ sf]z]nL 3/ ;+rfnsn] cfjZostf k/]sf] a]nf t'?Gt gub e'QmfgL lbg ldNg] u/L t/ntf Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ 5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

172

-v_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] j:t' ljqmLaf6 cfPsf] gub /sd oyf;So glhssf] a}+sdf hDdf ug'{kg]{5 . -u_ Jojs:yfkg ;ldltn] tx ljndf /xg] gubsf] ;Ldf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . t/ Ps} lbg !) xhf/ ?k}ofF eGbf al9sf] a:t' ljqmLaf6 gub k|fKtL ePdf ;Dej eP;Dd ;f]xL lbg geP ef]lnkN6 a}+sdf hDdf ug'{kg]{5 . -3_ v08 -s_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSofz+df h] n]lvPtfklg Ps xKtf;Dd ePsf] j:t' ljqmLsf] sf/f]af/ af6 k|fKt h] hlt ePtfklg ;KtfGtdf clgjfo{ ?kdf a}+sdf hDdf ug'{kg]{5 .

@#= ;fgf] gubL sf]if -s_ sf]z]nL3/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] b}lgs ;–;fgf vr{sf] e'QmfgLsf] nflu ? !),)))÷— -bz xhf/ dfq_ sf] ;fgf] gubL sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -v_ gubL sf]ifsf] ;~rfng sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/ JolQmn] ;~rfng ug]{5 . -u_ ;fgf] gubL sf]ifaf6 ;do ;dodf ePsf] vr{sf] jLn e/kfO{ bkmf * adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldltsf ;+of]hsn] k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{5 .

@$= gub pwf/f] -s_ Joj;fonfO{ /fd|/L ;~rfng ug{ gubdf sf/f]af/ ug'{kg]{5 . t/ cj:yf x]/L pBdL;Fu pwf/f] ljqmL sf/f]af/ ePdf al9df Ps dlxgf ;Ddf e'QmfgL ug]{ u/L pwf/f] laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 . -v_ sf/f]af/ /sd g8'Ag] u/L pBdL tyf sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnssf] cfk;L ;xdltsf] cfwf/df gub jf cf+lzs e'QmfgL jf pwf/f]df vl/b ljqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 / ;xdtLcg';f/ qmdzM ;fdfgsf] e'QmfgL ub}{ hfg'kg]{5 .

@%= cfk"lt{stf{ e'StfgL s_ sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] ;fdfu|L cfk'ltsftf{ Joj;foLnfO{ a}+s dfkm{t e'StfgL ug'{kfg]{5{ . t/ kfFr xhf/ eGbf sd ?k}+ofsf] sf/f]af/df gubaf6 e'StfgL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

@^= sRrf kbfy{ tyf d]l;g cf}hf/ vl/b laqmL s_ sf]z]nL3/ pBdLx?sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{x? tyf d]lzg cf}hf/x? pBdLsf] dfu cg';f/ pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 . v_ pQm sRrf kbfy{ tyf d]lzg cf}hf/x? Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lg0f{o cg';f/ Go"gtd !) k|ltzt d'gfkmf /fv]/ pBdLnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 . u_ pBdLnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbf{y tyf d]l;g cf}hf/sf] ljj/0f pBdLx?n] k|ToIf ;Dk{s u/L jf cGo tl/sfn] dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 . 3_ :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] dfu, la`mL / sf]ifsf] Joj:yf x]/L sf]z]nL 3/sf] pTkfbgx?nfO{ lglZrt k|ltzt;Ddsf] /sd sf/f]jf/ sRrf kbf{y / d]lzg cf}hf/x?sf] ?kdf pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

173

@&= j:t' jf ;]jf lkmtf{, u|xfssf] u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfj s_ qm]tfn] sfz]nL3/sf] ;+rfnsaf6 j:t'sf] pTkfbg ldlt / u'0f:t/ k|Tofe"t u/L vl/b ug'{kg]{5 . v_ laqmL e};s]sf] a:t' jf ;]jf u'0f:t/df km/s kg{ uPdf jf l8km]S6 /x]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf u|xfsnfO{ ;f] j:t' ;]jf lkmtf{ u/L csf]{ j:t' lbg ;lsg]5 . t/ To:tf] l8km]S6 jf tf]lsPsf] u'0f:t/ gePsf] ;dfg u|xfsn] vl/b u/]sf] Ps xKtf leq k|df0f ;lxt bfjL ug'{ kg]{5 . u_ u|fxfsx?n] j:t' jf ;]jfsf ;DjGwdf s'g} lsl;dsf] u'gf;f] jf ;'emj u/]sf] u|xfs k|lt ;sf/fTds eO{ pQm s'/fx? u/Lg] / ;'Gg'kg]{5 .

@*= sf]z]nL 3/ v'Ng] ;do s_ sf]z]ln 3/ zlgjf/sf] lbg afx]s k|Tos lbg laxfg *M)) ah] b]lv a]n'sf &M)) ah] ;Dd v'Nnf /fVg'kg]{5 t/ d+l;/, k}if, df3 / kmfu'g dlxgfdf laxfg *M)) b]lv a]n'sf %M)) ah] ;Dd v'Nnf /fVg'kg]{5 . v_ cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;dodf klg vf]Ng ;lsg] Joj:yf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ldnfpg'kg]{5 .

@(= laqmL k|a4g s_ sf]z]nL 3/sf ;+rfnsn] k/fdz{ ;ldlt, ;+rfns ;b:o tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;Nnfx ;'emfj, ;dGjo / ;xof]udf :yfgLo pTkfbg tyf laqm a9fpg pko'Qm /0fgLltx? agfpg' kg]{5 . v_ sf]z]nL3/sf] ;+rfnsn] :yfgLo ;/sf/, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, pBdL ;d"x, 3/]n' sfof{no tyf cGo ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?sf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df pko'Qm ;do kf/L :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] k|a4{gsf] nflu k|bz{g cfof]hgf jf ;xefuL x'g'kg]{5 . u_ sf]z]nL 3/sf] ;+rfnsn] u|xfssf] ?lr / cfjZostf nfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ahf/ k|a4{gsf ljleGg ultljlwx? ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ . 3_ laqmL u/Lg] j:t'sf] k|a4{gsf] nflu n]alnª, Kofs]lhª u/LPsf ;fdfgx? sf]z]nL 3/sf] nf]uf] clgjfo{ /fVg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . ª_ o; sf];]nL 3/df lj`mLsf nfuL /flvPsf ;fdfgx/sf] ahf/ k|a4gsf nfuL u|fxs;Dd hfgsf/L lbg tyf j:t' jf ;]jfsf] kmfObfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg laleGg ;+rf/ dfWodx? tyf JolQmut e]6 dfkm{t lj1fkg ug'{ kg]{5 .

#)= gfkmf ljt/0f tyf pkof]u s_ sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfngaf6 k|fKt v'b gfkmf dWo]af6 3/ ef8f tyf Joj:yfkg vr{ ;'lglZrt u/L sf]z]nL 3/sf] sfg'gL k|fjwfg cg';f/ gfkmfsf] afF8kmfF8 ug'{kg]{5 . v_ gfkmf dWo]sf] s]xL c+z pBdLx?sf] Joj;flos ;Lk, ljsf;, ahf/ k|j4{g tyf lbuf]kgdf ;xof]u k'Ug] If]qdf pkof]u u/Lg]5 .

#!= vftf ;~rfng sf]z]nL 3/sf] b}lgs sf/f]af/sf] nflu Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] gfddf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf 5'§} vftf vf]Ng' kg{]5 . pQm vftf ;+rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf / sf]iffWoIfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 ;~rfng x'g]5 . o; vftf b}lgs sf/f]af/sf] e'QmfgL / cfDbfgLdf k|of]u ug'{kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

174

#@= n]vf Joj:yfkg s_ ;fdfg vl/b / laqmL ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf aLn/ gubL pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 . v_ ;~rfng Joj:yfkgn] sf]z]nL 3/sf] ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]af/sf] n]vf k|rlnt bf]xf]/f] n]vf k|0ffnLdf Jojl:yt tl/sfn] r':t b'?:t /fVg'kg{]5 . u_ k|To]s sf/f]jf/sf] ;ldlt / ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] x]g{ rfx]sf] cj:yfdf h'g;'s} ;do klg b]vfpg' kg{]5 . ##= n]vf k/LIf0f sf]z]nL3/ ;+rfnsn] sf]z]nL3/df ePsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] cg'dlt k|fKt -/lhi68{_ n]vf k/LIfsaf6 lgodfg';f/ n]vf kl/If0fsf] sfo{ u/fpg' kg{]5 .

#$= ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ s_ lhNnf tyf :yfgLo :t/df n3' tyf ;fgf pBd Joj;fo k|j4{gsf nflu sfo{ u/L/x]sf ;+3 ;+:yf, ;xsf/L, pBdL Joj;foL, ;dfhsf cu'jf tyf z'elrGtsx?;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug'{kg{]5 . v_ ahf/ s]Gb| :t/df pBdLx?sf] pTkfbg ;+sng ug{ cfjZos ePdf pQm :yfgdf :yfgLo Joj;foLsf] ;xof]udf j:t' ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ pQm ;+sng s]Gb| Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt u7g ug'{kg{]5 .

#%= lbuf]kgsf] nflu sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg s_ sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ug{] lg0f{o tyf :jLs[lt sf]z]nL 3/ ;+rfns ;ldltn] ug'{kg{]5 eg]d'Votof b]xfo adf]lhdsf If]qdf pQm sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ug'{kg{]5 . != pBdLx?sf] pBdzLn Ifdtf tyf k|fljlws ;Lk ljsf; ug{, @= pBdLx?nfO{ pBd Joj;fo k|lt k|]l/t ug{] . #= laqmL s]Gb|sf] :t/f]GgtL tyf lbuf]kgsf nflu cTofjZos vr{ ug{, $= k|a4{gfTds lqmofsnfkdf ;xefuL tyf cfof]hgf ug]{, %= Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lglZrt sfo{ljlw agfO{ l;h{gfTds If]qdf pQm sf]ifsf] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .sf]z]nL 3/s]f lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu dGqfnon] zt{ ;lxt s]xL /sd æxhf/ k|j4{g k"FhLÆ sf] ?kdf n3' pBdL ;+3 jf cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfgsf] ?kdf /sd lbg ;Sg]5 .

#^= sf]z]nL 3/ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt sf]z]nL 3/nfO{ ;'rf? tyf Jojl:yt ?kdf ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sf]z]nL 3/ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /xg]5 . pk k|d'v÷pkfWoIf, sf]z]nL3/ /xg] l:yt :yfgLo tx – ;+of]hs k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t :yfgLo tx – ;b:o cWoIf÷k|ltlglw, :yfgLo pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 – ;b:o cWoIf, lhNnf n3' pBdL ;d"x ;+3, k|ltlglw – ;b:o

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

175

lhNnf pBf]u k|j4{g ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] lhNnf l:yt – ;b:o ;/sf/L tyf u}x| ;/sf/L lgsfo dWo]af6 Ps dlxnf ;xefuL – ;b:o :yfgLo txsf] pBf]u x]g{] zfvfsf] k|d'v – ;b:o lhNnf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ;ldlt, k|ltlglw -lhNnf ;b/d'sfd_ – ;b:o–;lrj

#&= sf]z]nL3/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ sf]z]nL 3/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 . s_ dGqfno÷lgb{]zgfno / lhNnf pBf]u k|a4{g ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 k|fKt gLlt lgb{]zg cg';f/ sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfng ug{] u/fpg] . v_ sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng pk;ldltnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg] . u_ sf]z]nL 3/sf] dfl;s ?kdf cg'udg lg/LIf0f u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kg{] ljifodf sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfng ;ldltnfO{ lgb{]zg lbg] / rf}dfl;s k|ltj]bg lhNnf pBf]u k|j4{g ;dGjo ;ldlt / lgb{]zgfnodf k7fpg] . 3_ sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm -sd{rf/L_ Joj:yfg ug{] . ª_ sf]z]nL 3/sf nflu cfjZos kg{] sRrf kbfy{ d]lzg pks/0f tyf cf}Bf]lus pTkflbt j:t'sf] vl/b laqmLsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tyf x/ lx;fa r':t b'?:t /fVg sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng ;ldltnfO{ lgb{]zg lbg] . r_ cfjZos b]lvP sf]z]nL 3/nfO{ eljiodf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ug{ u/fpg cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] tyf ;f] cg';f/ sfo{ ljj/0f agfpg sf]z]nL 3/ ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] 5_ sf]z]nL 3/ dfkm{t lhNnfdf pTkfbg ePsf j:t'sf] vl/b laqmL Joj:yfkgsf nflu sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng ;ldltnfO{ lgb{]zg lbg] . h_ lhNnfdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]unfO{ rflxg] sRrf kbfy{ tyf pks/0fx? sf]z]nL 3/ dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg] . em_ ;b/d'sfddf sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf nflu s'g} ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ejg eP lgMz'Ns ?kdf k|of]u ug{ tyf sf]z]nL3/sf] gfpFdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu cfjZos kxn ug{] . `_ lbuf] ?kdf sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos hUuf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;b/d'sfd l:yt ahf/\ If]qdf ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf /x]sf hUuf k|fKt ug{ / k|flKt kl5 sf]z]nL 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos kxn ug{] . 6_ k|b]z jf :jb]zdf pTkflbt j:t' jf To:tf pBf]unfO{ rflxg] d]lzg pks/0f vl/b laqmLsf] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpgsf nflu sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfng pk ;ldltnfO{ lgb{]zg lbg] . 7_ lbuf] ?kdf sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf nflu 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, :yfgLo tx tyf cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox? / pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, g]kfn 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3, lhNnf n3' pBf]u dxf;+3, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 cflb lgsfox?sf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf / ;xof]udf æsf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng tyf ;xof]u sf]ifÆ :yfkgf ug{] .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

176

8_ sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfngsf nflu 3/ hUuf dfl;s ef8fdf lng gkg{] u/L ;/sf/L ejgsf] vf]hL ug{] . ;f] Joj:yf geO{Gh]n;Dd sfof{no ejgdf g} sfof{no k|d'vn] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{] . 9_ lbuf] ?kdf sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngdf nflu rflxg] ;/sf/L 3/ hUuf vf]hL ug]{ tyf k|flKtsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf cfjZos kxn ug{] . hUuf k|fKt eO{ ;s]kl5 sfof{noaf6 sf]z]nL3/ lgdf{0fs nfuL n=O{= tof/ u/L cfufdL cf=j= sf] ah]6df k|:tfj ug{] . 0f_ sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf nflu lhNnf ;b/d'sfd leq} ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf 3/ hUuf eP ;f] k|fKtLsf] nflu cfjZos kxn ug{] . t_ sf]z]nL 3/nfO{ ;xsf/Ldf kl/0ft ug'{kg{] eP ljlw ljwfg tyf z]o/ xf]N8/ tof/ u/L ;xsf/Lsf] ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ cfjZos k|lqmof cuf8L a9fpg] . y_ cg'dlt k|fKt :yfgLo n]vf kl/Ifsaf6 sf]ifsf] n]vf kl/If0f u/fO{ To;sf] k|ltj]bg sf]z]nL3Joj:yfks tyf ;~rfng ;ldlt, lhNnf pBf]u k|j4{g ;dGjo ;ldlt, lgb{]zfgfno / dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg{]5 . b_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . w_ dflyn] ;'s} n]lvPsf] ePtfklg klg o; ;ldltn] cfkm} sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] kl/l:ylt geP bkmf ^ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltsf] :jLs[ltdf ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, lgodfjnLsf] kl/lw leq /xL sf]z]nL 3/ :yfkgf jf ;~rfngsf nflu lglh If]qsf ;+3 ;+:yf jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t k|fKt cGo ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 klg sf]z]nL 3/ :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{df s'g} afwf kg{] 5}g .

#*= sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfng tyf ;xof]u sf]if !_ sf]z]nL 3/sf] Pp6f 5'§} ;~rfng tyf ;xof]uL sf]if x'g]5 . o; sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd /xg]5 M s_ dGqfo jf lgb{]zgfnoaf6 k|fKt /sd . v_ sfof{nosf] aflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ sf]z]nL3/sf] nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6 /sd . u_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 k|fKt /sd . 3_ ;b/d'sfd nufot lhNnf l:yt cGo :yfgLo txaf6 k|fKts /sd . ª_ n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g If]qdf sfd ug{] cGo ;xsf/L lgsfox?af6 k|fKt /sd . r_ n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g If]qdf sfd ug{] u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 k|fKt /sd . 5_ lghL If]qsf ;+:yfaf6 ;f] sf]ifsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] /sd . h_ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?af6 ;f] sf]ifsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] /sd . em_ lhNnf pBf]u k|j4{g ;dGjo ;ldltsf] kxn tyf lg0f{oaf6 o; sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] /sd . @_ cWoIf / ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] JolQmsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 sf]if ;~rfng x'g]5 .

#(= sf]z]nL 3/sf nflu dGqfnon] cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] cfwf/x? s_ n3' pBd ;~rfng ePsf ;+efJo If]qx? potential area x'g'kg{]5 . v_ e]uLo ;Gt'ng sfod x'g] u/L k|:tfj u/]sf] x'g'kg{]5 . u_ slDtdf $)Ü ;+:yfut ;fem]bf/L x'g'kg{]5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

177

3_ k"hLut ;xof]usf nflu /sd dfu ePsf] x'g'kg{]5 . ª_ :yfgLo txsf] ;xeflutf x'g'kg{]5 . r_ d'Vo ahf/ If]q x'g'kg{]5 . 5_ n3' pBdLsf] 5ftf ;+u7gdf cfj4 ePsf] x'g'kg{]5 .

$)= sf]z]nL 3/sf] cg'udg sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfngsf sfo{sf] lgoldt tyf ;'kl/j]If0f Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ug{]5 . sf]z]nL 3/ Joj:yfksn] lgoldt ?kdf pQm ;ldltdf k|ult k|ltj]bg k]z ug{]5 eg] ;ldltn] pQm k|ltj]bg pk/ k|ToIf cg'udg u/L k[i7kf]if0f lbg], ;dGjo / ;xof]u ;d]t ug{]5 . dGqfnon] ;do ;dodf sf]z]nL 3/sf] cg'udg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

$!= ljljw Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf M Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf a:g] ;b:ox?n] cfkm\gf] ;do lbP jfkt sf]z]nL 3/sf] cfDbfgLaf6 s]xL /sd ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 t/ o; ;'ljwf sf]z]nL 3/sf] d'gfkmf /sdaf6 dfq pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

cg';"rL–!n3'pBd ljsf;df nflu ;+:yfn] k]z ug{] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf

-bkmf % ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ldlt M>L ;lrjHo",pBf]u ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno,u08sL k|b]z, kf]v/f .

ljifo M sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfng ;DaGwdf .

dxf]bo, xfdL n3' pBdx?af6 u08sL k|b]z ===============================dxfgu/kflnsf÷gu/kflnsf÷ufpFkflnsf ===================j8f g+= ==============:yfg==================df sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf nflu cg'bfg ;xof]u kfpF elg sf]z]nL3/ ;~rfngsf nflu nfUg] df]6fdf]6L ah]6, ljqmL ug{] ;fdfgsf] ;fdfGo ljj/0f, ;lxt of] k|:tfj k]z u/]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t kfngf ug'{kg]{ gLlt sfo{ljlw af/] hfgsf/ 5f}+ / ;f]xL adf]lhd kfngf / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xdt 5f}+ . lgj]bg adf]lhd b]xfosf sfuhftx? ;+nUg 5g\ .lgj]bs;+:yfsf]cWoIf tyf k|ltlglwsf] gfd Mb:tvt M7]ufgf M;Dks{ g+= M;+:yfsf] 5fk M

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

178

cg';"rL–@k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf

-bkmf % ;Fu ;DalGwt_

!_ cfj]bs / ;Dks{ JolQm ;DaGwL ljj/0f M ;+:yfsf] cfj]bgsf] gfd M k"0f{ 7]ufgf -kqfrf/sf] nflu_ M != n3' pBdL cfj]bs ;+:yfsf] lsl;d M s'g} Ps dfqf lrGx nufpg] @= n3' pBdL ;+3 #= ;fgf pBf]u $= pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 %= Jofkf/ ;+3 ^= cGo ;+:yf btf{ ePsf] ldlt :yfoL n]vf gDa/ ;+:yfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo -sf]z]nL 3/_ k|f]k|fO6/ jf cWoIfsf] gfd M df]afOn g+= M kl/of]hgf :yn -sfo{ If]q_ k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] s'n vr{ -o;df cg'bfg / cg'bfgu|fxLsf] tkm{af6 Joxf]g{] vr{ ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{]_ cGo ;|f]t jf ljQLo ;xsfo{df s'g} sfd eO/x]sf] eP, s'g ;+:yfaf6 s]–s] p2]Zosf nflu ljQLo ;xof]u k|fKt 5, v'nfpg]

@= k|:tfjgfsf] cf}lrTo tyf dxTjtflnsf M sf]z]nL 3/sf] xfnsf] Joj;fosf] cj:yf -;~rfngdf ePsf] eP_qm=;+= xfnsf] Joj;fo Joj;fosf] cfsf/ aflif{s pTkfbg vl/b -cg'dflgt_ aflif{s s'n cg'dflgt cfDbfgL /f]huf/L l;h{gf!= @= #= hDdf

sf]z]nL 3/n] nfut ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rfng ug{] sfo{qmdsf] cjlw M=======================================================================================================================================================================================#_ sf]z]nL 3/n] nfut ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rfng ug{] sfo{qmdsf] cjlw M========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

179

$_ sf]z]nL 3/sf d'Vo–d'Vo lqmofsnfkx? Mqm=;+= pTkfbg x'g] ;fdfg PsfO{ kl/df0f ;DkGg ug{] ldlt xfn yk hDdf

%_ aflif{s cfDbfgL / vr{ ljZn]if0f M tflnsf agfO{ cfDbfgL / vr{sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{xf];\ .lgisif{ M sf]z]nL 3/ ;~rfngaf6 aflif{s ?kdf======================================pTkfbg laqmL ;+slnt j:t'sf] laqmLljt/0faf6 aflif{s ?=============================================s'n cfDbfgL u/Lg] of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 .

sf]z]nL 3/sf] k|:tfljt of]hgfcg';f/ aflif{s==============================================================?k}ofF d'gfkmf x'g] / nfe nfut cg'kft

^_ nfut ;fe]mbf/L sf]z]nL 3/sf] ;~rfng ug{] of] kl/of]hgfsf] s'n nfut sl/a ?= ===================================== cg'dfg u/LPsf] 5 h;dWo] cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yfsf] nfut ?= =========================================ck]Iff u/LPsf] 5 h'g s'n nfutsf]============== k|ltzt dfq xf] .tflnsf M nfut ;fe]mbf/Ldf ;~rfng x'g] lqmofsnfk dfu u/LPsf] cg'bfg /sdsf] ljj/0f qm=;+= ljj/0f aflif{s vr{ -?=_ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yfsf] -?=_ cg'bfgu|fxLsf] nfut -?=_

tflnsfdf k|:t't eP cg';f/ k"FhLut sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng -l:y/ kF"hL lgdf{0f / pBdLx?af6 pTkflbt ;fdfg vl/b ug{ dfq cg'bfg /sd dfu u/LPsf] xf] . o;/L nfut ;fe]mbf/Ldf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ kfPsf] v08df o; sf]z]nL 3/n] cfkm\gf ck]lIft pknAwLx? xfl;n ug{]5 . aflif{s==========================j6f=================pTkfbg Pjd\ ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 ug{]5 . ;fy;fy} Joj;fo ;~rfng dfkm{t aflif{s ?kdf ===================hgfnfO{ lgoldt / ===================hgfnfO{ =================lbgsf] /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg] / aflif{s ?= ==================================/sd d'gfkmf lng ;lsg] ePsf] x'Fbf nfut;fe]mbf/Ldf of] k|:tfj cg';f/sf] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ dgfl;j b]lvG5 .

•

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

180

cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!(, -sfo{ of]hgf_

!= k[i7e"ld

g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ !($( kZrft\ afXoko{6gsf nflu v'Nnf u/LPsf] xf] . km|]Gr gfu/Ls df}l/;

xh{un] # h'g, !(%) df klxnf]k6s cGgk"0f{ lxdfnsf] cf/f]x0f u/L ;'?jft u/]sf] u08sLsf] ko{6g If]q

at{dfgdf u08sL k|b]zsf] cy{tGqsf] k|d'v cfwf/lznf aGg k'u]sf] 5 . u08sL k|b]zsf k|fs[lts, h}ljs,

;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, ;fxl;s, P]ltxfl;s / wfld{s ljljwtfn] o; k|b]zsf] ko{6gdf cxd\ e"ldsf v]n]sf

5g\ . oxfF /x]sf ko{6sLo uGtJox¿sf] ljljlws/0f ub}{ gofF ko{6sLo:yn / pkhx¿sf] klxrfg, ljsf;

tyf ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; u/L ko{6g k|j4{gsf] dfWodaf6 /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df j[l4 u/L u/LaL

Go"gLs/0f :yfgLo ub}{ hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug{' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . g]kfn cfpg] ko{6ssf]

$) b]lv %) k|ltzt lx:;f u08sL k|b]zdf cfpg] s'/f tYofÍaf6 b]lvG5 . aflif{s ?kdf cfGtl/s / afx\o

u/L sl/a !) nfv ko{6s lelqg] of] k|b]zdf ko{6ssf] a;fO cjlw sl/a % lbg cg'dfg u/LPsf] 5, hxfF

ljb]zL ko{6sn] k|ltlbg %$ 8n/ / cfGtl/s ko{6sn] k|ltlbg ?= %,))) vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6

u08sL k|b]zdf ko{6gn] k|ToIf, ck|ToIf u/L s'n /f]huf/Lsf] !% k|ltzt / s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] !)

k|ltzt -sl/a ?= #) ca{_ of]ubfg k'ØfPsf] b]lvG5 . M;"rgf k|ljlw / ;~rf/sf] If]qdf ePsf] ce"tk"j{

ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 k|b]zdf /x]sf ;DkbfnfO{ ljZj;fd' k|:t't ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t u/L

æ;Da[2 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÆ sf] dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ g]kfnLx?sf] cfo tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?df

clej[l4 u/L lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkgf ug{ / hLjg:t/ ;'wfg{ ;lsg] k|r'/ ;Defjgf 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g

ahf/ cToGt k|lt:kwf{Tds ePsfn] t'ngfTds nfesf lx;fan] g]kfn cufl8 ePtf klg u'0f:t/Lo

;]jfsf] ljsf; ub}{ ko{6g pBf]unfO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds agfpg cTofjZos ePsfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\

@)@) nfO{ g]kfn e|d0f jif{ 3f]if0ff u/L /fli6«o cleofgsf] ?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] ;Gbe{df

u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;g @)!( nfO{ æu08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ @)!(Æ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .

kof{ko{6g, u|fld0f ko{6g, wfld{s–;fF:s[lts ko{6g, ;xl;s ko{6g h:tf ko{6sLo ultljlwx?sf

pNn]vgLo ;+efjgf af]s]sf sf/0fn] u08sL k|b]z b]zs} pTs[i6 ko{6sLo uGtJosf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . d'lQmgfy

dlGb/, bfdf]b/s'08, un]Zj/, ljGbjfl;gL, 9f]/j/fx, dgsfdgf, s]nfbL3f6, b]j3f6 tyf lqj]0fLwfd

h:tf wfld{s :ynx? o; k|b]zsf k|d'v wfld{s ko{6sLo uGtJo x'g\ . 9f]/kf6g lzsf/ cf/If, cGgk"0f{

tyf dgf:n' ;+/If0f If]q, wf}nflu/L, cGgk"0f{ tyf dgf:n' lxd>[v+nf / ;f] cGtu{t /x]sf dxTjk"0f{

lxdfnn] of] k|b]zdf yk ko{6sLo cfofd yk]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L ;+;f/s} cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] ltlnrf] tfn,

/fd;f/df ;"rLs[t kf]v/f pkTosfsf ( uf]6f tfnsf] Sni6/, eujfg lji0f'sf] cjtf/ dflgg] zfnLu|fd

kfOg] sfnLu08sL gbL, ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf ulx/f] sfnLu08sLsf] cGwuN5L, ljlzi6 ;fF:s[lts / wfld{s

dxTj af]s]sf u|fld0f a:tL, ljZj k|l;4 cGgk"0f{ kbdfu{ o; k|b]zsf d'Vo cfsif{0fx? x'g\ . o;sf

cnfjf oxfsl] dgf]/d xfjfkfgL, df}lns ;+:s[lt Pj+ l/ltl/jfhn] ;a}nfO{ nf]Eofpg] ub{5 . log} ljz]iftf

x?nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ u08sL k|b]zsf] ;Da[l4sf] d'Vo cfwf/ / k|fyldstfdf ko{6g If]qnfO{ tf]]s]sf] 5 .

ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ko{6g Joj;flox?sf] cxd\ e"ldsf /xg] ub{5 . xf]6n tyf /]i6'/fF Joj;fo,

6«fen Ph]G;Lx?, 6]«lsË Ph]G;Lx?, ¥ofkml6ª, xf]d:6], x:tsnf lgdf{0f ug]{ cflb Joj;fox?sf ;fy} cGo

s}of}F k|sf/sf pBf]ux?n] ko{6sx?sf nflu cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfx? pTkfbg / lalqm ljt/0f u/L/x]sf

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

181

x'G5g\ . o:tf ko{6g Joj;fo / pBf]ux? ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu d]?b08 ePsfn] ;/sf/L tyf lghL

If]qsf] ;fem]bf/L dfkm{t ko{6gsf] k|a4{g / ljsf;af6 /f]huf/L / cfocfh{gdf clej[l4 ug'{sf] ;fy}

k|b]zsf] ;jf{lË0f ljsf;sf nflu jif{ @)!( nfO{ k|b]zsf] cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ cleofgsf] ?kdf 3f]if0ff

u/L !% nfv cfGtl/s ko{6s leq\ofpg], %) k|ltzt ko{6s k|b]zsf] gofF uGtJox?df k'Ug] jftfj/0f

tof/ ug]{, ko{6g pBf]udf nufgLsf cj;/x? a9fpg] tyf cfGtl/s ko{6gnfO{ ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo

cg'?k cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf] 3f]if0ff u/LPsf] 5 .

@= cf}lrTo

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)@) nfO{ g]kfn e|d0f jif{ 3f]if0ff u/L /fli6«o cleofgsf] ?kdf dgfpg]

lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;Dj[l4sf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu u08sL k|b]z ;/sf/n] /fli6«o

nIo;Fu d]n vfg] u/L ;g @)!( nfO{ u08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ @)!( dgfpg nfu]sf] xf] .

o; sfo{s|dn] u08sL k|b]zsf] ;du| ko{6g ljsf;df yk 6]jf k'¥of{pg], hLljsf]kfh{g / cfo cfh{gsf

cj;/x?sf] j[l4 u/L lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] b]lvG5 .

#= nIo, p2]Zo tyf sfo{gLltM u08sL k|b]zsf] d'Vo ljsf;sf] cfwf/ ko{6g dfkm{t /f]huf/L, cfo cfh{g

/ ;du|df k|b]zsf] ;Dj[l4nfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg !% nfv cfGtl/s ko{6sx? k|b]zdf leqfpg' cfGtl/s

ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf]

k|d'v kl/df0ffTds nIosf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{of]hgfsf] p2]Zox? o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

s= ko{6g;Fu ;DalGwt\ lghL If]q, ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ tyf

;fem]bf/Ldf slDtdf jif{ el/df !% nfv cfGtl/s ko{6sx? lelqg] tyf ;f] dWo] sl/a

%) k|ltzt kf]v/f afx]ssf If]qdf hfg] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{ .

v= gofF ko{6sLo uGtJox?sf] klxrfg, k|jw{g / ljsf; ug]{ .

u= ko{6gaf6 x'g] cfocfh{g tyf cGo nfenfO{ u/Lj tyf ljkGg ju{;Dd k'¥ofpg ;xh

jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{ .

3= d"t{ / cd"t{ ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ ko{6g k|j4{g ug]{ .

pko'{Qm p2]Zox? xfFl;n ug{sf nflu d'VotofM lgDglnlvt sfo{gLlt cjnDjg u/Lg]5M

• k|z:t ko{6sLo ;Defjgf ePsf ;|f]t ahf/sf] vf]hL ug]{,

• ko{6g ahf/Ls/0f tyf k|jw{gfTds sfo{qmdx? gofF uGtJox?df s]Gb|Lt u/]/ ;~rfng ug]{,

• ;fxl;s ko{6g, v]ns'b ko{6g, wfld{s–;fF:s[lts ko{6g, ko{fko{6g / u|fld0f ko{6g k|jw{gsf

• ljljw ljwfdf cfjZos hgzlQm tof/Lsf nflu sfo{s|d tyf ah]6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,

• æcltly b]jf] ejÆ nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ cfltYotf Joj:yfkgsf nflu oftfoft Joj:ffoL, sd{rf/L,

dhb'/ tyf xf]6n Joj:ffo;Fu ;Dj4 Joltmx?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f tyf tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{,

• ko{6g k|jw{gsf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ u/L ldl8ofx?;Fu

;xsfo{ u/L cufl8 a9\g],

• sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|b]z:t/, lhNnf:t/ / :yfgLo txdf ko{6g k|jw{g ;ldlt

u7g u/L sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg],

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

182

• k|b]zsf k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx?df ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|x?sf] Joj:yf ug]{,

• k|b]zsf] ko{6g a|f08 Glorious Gandaki nfO{ k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{,

• 5 j6} k|b]zsf d'Vo zx/x?;Fu kf]v/fsf] xjfO{ ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug]{,

• ljBdfg tyf gofF ko{6sLo If]qx?df ;+/rgf lgdf{0f tyf lqmofsnfkdf kof{Kt ah]6

ljlgof]hg ug]{,

• lghL If]qnfO{ ko{6g If]qdf nufgL ug{ cfslif{t / k|f]T;flxt ug]{,

• ko{6g Joj;fonfO{ ko{6sd}qL agfpg oftfoft Joj;foL, jfo';]jf k|bfos lgsfo tyf

xf]6n Joj;foLx?;Fu cGt/ls|of, 5nkmn / sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;xsfo{ ug]{,

• ko{6g If]qdf dfgj ;+;fwgsf] sfo{ Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{,

• cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf lglDt k|b]z ;/sf/åf/f ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tnaL e|d0f

labf pknAw u/fpg] ;fy} lghL If]qdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ klg tnaL e|d0f labf

pknAw u/fpg kxn ug]{,

• x/]s dlxgf v]ns'b tyf ko{6g k|j{4g ug{ ;3fp k'Ug] lqmofsnfksf] cfof]hgf ljleGg

;/f]sf/jfnfx? / ko{6g ;+3 ;++:yfx?sf] ;of]hsTjdf ug]{,

• wfld{s ko{6g, s[lif ko{6g, kof{ko{6g, u|fld0f ko{6g;Fu ;DalGwt\ d]nf, dxf]T;jsf] k|jw{gdf

;xof]u ug]{,

• lghL If]q, ko{6g Joj;fo, pBf]u, a}+lsª If]q, z}lIfs If]q nufotnfO{ ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj

cGtu{t ko{6g k|jw{g Pj+ k|rf/k|;f/sf sfo{x?df ;xsfo{, ;dGjo / ;fem]bfl/sf nflu

kxn ug]{,

• ko{6g If]qdf u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfsf] ljsf; ub}{ k6s k6s ko{6s cfpg] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f

ug]{,

• dfO; ko{6g (MICE tourism) nfO{ hf]8 lbg],

• ko{6ssf] ;'/Iffdf hf]8 lbg] / cfktsflng cj:yfdf p4f/sf] Joj:yf ug]{,

• ko{6g Joj;foLx?n] ko{6gsf ljleGg Kofs]h agfpg] Joj:yf ug]{,

• k|b]zsf ko{6sLo uGtJox?nfO{ sf7df08f}F, n'lDagL / ;f}/fxf nufotsf cGo ko{6sLo

uGtJox?;Fu hf]8\g] Joj:yf ug]{,

• kf]v/fnfO{ ko{6sLo /fhwfgL / u08sL k|b]znfO{ blIf0f Pl;ofsf] dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo

uGtJosf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .

$= sfo{qmd / sfo{of]hgf

$=! ;/sf/L ta/af6 u/Lg] sfo{qmdx?

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

!=

cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ @)!( sf] sfo{of]hgf, nf]uf] tyf

gf/f tof/ kfg{]{

@)!(, hgj/L km]a|'c/L

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

lghL If]qsf Joj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3

;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo, lj1, ;~rf/dfWod

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

183

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

@=

kf]v/fdf cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ @)!( 3f]if0ff ug]{

@!km]a|'c/L, @)!(

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

lghL If]qsf Joj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo, lj1, ;~rf/

dfWod

#=

k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ -^ j6fk|b]z / u08sL k|b]zsf !!

j6} lhNNffdf_

dfr{ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

lghL If]qsf Joj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo, lj1, ;~rf/

dfWod

$=9f]/kf6gdf k|b]z ;/sf/sf]

dGqLkl/ifb\ a}7scfof]hgf ug]{

clk|n k|b]z ;/sf/ ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo, lj1,

;~rf/dfWod

%=

k|b]zsf ;a} lhNnf tyf :yfgLo txdf ;f+:s[lts Pj+

ko{6g dxf]T;jcfof]hgf

km]a|'c/L–gf]e]Da/

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, :yfgLo

tx

ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo

^=

/fDbL, cfa'v}/gL / kf]v/fdf ko{6s ;"rgf s]G› :yfkgf ug]{ -cfjZostf cg';f/

lhNnfdf klg yk ub}{ hfg]_

Dffr{–d] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

k|b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ :yfgLo tx, g]kfn k|x/L, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?,

;d'bfo

&=

/fDbL, u}F8fsf]6, d'lUnË / bfpGg]df cfGtl/s

ko{6g aif{ @)!( sf nflu :jfut4f/sf]lgdf{0f ug]{

Dffr{–h'g pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

:yfgLo tx, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo

*=

k|b]zsf xf]d:6]x?sf] a|fl08Ë ug]{ -lxdfnog ?d\; a|f08

dfkm{t_

km]a|'c/L–h'g

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0fdGqfno, g]kfn ko{6g af]8{

:yfgLo tx,xf]d:6] ;~rfns / Associations

(=rnlrq ;'6LËsf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;x'lnot

k|bfg ug]{

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

k|b]z ;/sf/, rnlrq ljsf; af]8{,

:yfgLo tx,

:yfgLo xf]]d:6], g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, ;+3Lo ;/sf/

!)=:df6{ kf]v/f, ;f+lu|nf

kf]v/f lgdf{0f ug]{sf nflu cfjZos tof/l ug]{ .

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

kf]v/f dxfgu/–kflnsf

lghL If]qsf Joj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo,

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

184

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

!!=

!! lhNnfdf cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ ;DalGwt

laifourt sfo{s|dx?cfof]hgf ug]{-If]qut ?kdf_

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, :yfgLo tx

lghL If]qsfJoj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo,

;~rf/dfWod

!@=

g]kfnL gofF aif{nfO{ eJo ?kdf dgfpg]

dfr{–clk|n lghL If]q, ko{6g, Joj;foL, :yfgLo

;+3 ;+:yf

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno,

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, ;~rf/ dfWod

!#=

km|]Gr gfu/LsnfO{cfsif{0f ug{ lxdfn

cf/f]x0f lbj; dgfpg]

h'g # lghL If]q, Joj;foL, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf,

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, ;~rf/ dfWod

!$=

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ug]{

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

jg lgb]{zgfno, :yfgLo tx, lghL If]q,

Joj;foL, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf, ;~rf/ dfWod

!%=

ko{6g k|a4{g ;DaGwL Joj;flos ;Ghfn lj:tf/sf nflu kf]v/fdf # lbg] B2B

cfof]hgf ug]{ .

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno,

:yfgLo tx, lghL If]q, Joj;foL, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf, ;~rf/ dfWod

!^=

ko{6g Joj;fo k|a4{g tyf lj:tf/sf nflu

b]zel/af6 ko{6gJoj;foLsf] ;Dd]ng u/fO{ k|b]zsf] ko{6gsf] kxF'r j[l4

ug]{ .

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno,

:yfgLo tx, lghL If]q, Joj;foL, :yfgLo ;+3

;+:yf

!&=

;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t ko{6g k|a4{g

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo tx, lghL If]q,

Joj;foL, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf

!*=

Uf08sL k|b]zsf ko{6g uGtJox?sf] pTs[i6 kmf]6f]

k|ltof]lutfdfkm{t cfGtl/s ko{6snfO{

k/:s[t ug]{

km]a|'c/L–l8;]Da/

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, k|b]z pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

jg lgb]{zgfno

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

185

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

!(=

g]kfnsf cGo ^ k|b]zsf d'Vo zx/x?af6kf]v/fdf xjfO ;]jf lj:tf/ ug]{

@)!( dfr{af6

gfu/Ls p8\8og k|flws/0f,dGqfno

xjfO ;]jf sDkgLx?

@)=

GfofF Kfbdfu{ klxrfg / ljsf; ;fy} u|]6lxdfnog 6«]n v08sf]:t/f]Gglt ug]{

@)!( clk|nb]lv

jg lgb]{zgfno, , pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno

:yfgLo tx, TAAN

@!=Kfo{6sLo uGtJo k|f]kmfOn lgdf{0f ug]{

@)!( d] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0fdGqfno

:yfgLo tx

@@=ko{6sLo uGtJosf]hfgsf/L lbg] u/L df]afOn PK;sf] Joj:yf ug]{

h'g;Dddf pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0fdGqfno

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, lghL If]q, Joj;foL, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf, ;~rf/ dfWod

@#=

Conference tourism, Sports tourism,

/fli6«o :t/sf ;ef, ;Dd]ng, clwj]zg cflb ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{

@)!( h'nfOb]lv jif{el/ ug]{

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno

Vf]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt,g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, ;+3 ;+:yfx?

@$=

ko{6ssf nflu lgz'Ns ?kdf lkpg] kfgL / zf}rfnosf] k|of]u ug{ lbg ;d'bfo;Fu cfxjfg\ ug]{

aif{el/ ug]{ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0fdGqfno

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, lghL If]q, Joj;foL, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf, ;~rf/ dfWod

$=@ lghL If]qaf6 u/Lg] sfo{qmdx?

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

!=

cfGtl/s ko{6ssf nflu xf]6n, /]i6'/]G6, xjfOef8f,

6]«lsË Kof/fUnfOl8Ë cflbdf cfltYotf, 5'6 / ;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ug]{

@)!( jif{el/

HAN, TAAN,REBAN,Paragliding

Association, Airlines, a;

Joj;foL ;ldlt

lghL If]qsfJoj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo,

;~rf/dfWod

@=

pkxf/ tyf sf];]nLsfpTkfbg a9fpg] tyf sf]z]nL 3/ dfkm{t ljqmL ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{

@)!( km]a|'c/L b]lv

;Dj4 lghL If]qx?

;~rf/ dfWod,pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf

jftfj/0fdGqfno, pBf]ujfl0fHo ;+3

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

186

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

#=GfofF Kfbdfu{ klxrfg /

ljsf; aif{e/ dGqfno, TAAN,

lghL If]qsfJoj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo,

;~rf/dfWod

$=Gfof ko{6sLo uGtJo

klxrfg, Doflkª / k|rf/ k|;f/

aif{e/

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, TAAN

lghL If]qsf Aoj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo,

;~rf/dfWod

%=

kf]v/f df6{ cfof]hgf ug]{ h;df cGo k|b]zsf

Joj;foLnfO{ ;d]t cfdGq0f ug]{

;]K6]Dj/lghL If]qsf

Joj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, g]kfn ko{6g af]8{

^=

xlgd'g Kofs]h, z}lIfs Kofs]h nufotsf Kofs]

hsf] tof/L tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{

dfr{–l8;]Dj/

lghL If]qsf Joj;foL, ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3

;+:yfx?

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno,g]kfn ko{6g af]8{

$=# ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf u/Lg] sfo{qmdx?

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

!=

ljljw pT;j, dxf]T;j, k|bz{gL, d]nf, sfo{zfnf, tflnd, uf]i7L,

;]ldgf/, e|d0f sfo{s|d,Joj;foLaLrsf] cGt/lqmof, B2B

activities cfof]hgf ug]{, k|b]zsf !! lhNNff / *% :yfgLo

txdf slDtdf !÷! j6fk|ltlglwd"ns sfo{s|d cfof]hgf

ug]{

Dffr{–l8;]Da/

ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ;d'bfo pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, lghL If]q

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf

jftfj/0fdGqfno, ;d'bfo, lj1, :yfgLo tx

@=ko{6gdf cfa4 dfgj ;+;fwgsf]

Ifdtf clea[l4 sfo{s|d ug]{ jif{e/

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf

jftfj/0f dGqfno / ko{6g ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx?,

;d'bfo

:yfgLo tx

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

187

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

#=xf]6n a'lsË, g]6js{x?;Fu

;dGjo@)!( clk|n

HAN, xf]6n Joj;foL ;+3

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, lghL If]q

$=$ ;d'bfo:t/af6 u/Lg] sfo{qmdx?

l;=g+= sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f ;dofjlw lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;xof]uL lgsfox?

!=#)) j6f xf]d:6] ;~rfng,

k|jw{g jif{e/

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf

jftfj/0fdGqfno, / ;d'bfo

:yfgLo tx

@=;fd'bflos jgdf kof{ko{6g

ljsf;lg/Gt/ ;f=j=p=;=

l8lehg jgsfof{no, :yfgLo

tx

#=lSng u08sL, Osf] km|]08\nL

u08sL sfo{s|dsf]cfof]hgf

jif{e/lg/Gt/

:yfgLo ;d'bfo, ;+3;+:yf

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, :yfgLo tx, gfu/Ls ;dfh, Joj;foL, ;~rf/

dfWod

%= d"n ;ldlt, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog pk;ldlt tyf cGo pk;ldltx? / sfo{bnx?

u08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu k|b]z

;/sf/ pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] lg0f{o adf]lhd d"n cfof]hs ;ldltsf] u7g / d"n

cfof]hs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox?af6 ljleGg pk;ldltx? / sfo{bnx? u7g x'g]5g .

%=@=! u08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( d"n cfof]hs ;ldlt

dfggLo pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf k|b]z of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf

;x–;+of]hs /xg] u/L ;/sf/L lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo ug{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] x]t'n] u08sL k|b]zsf ;a}

dGqfnosf ;lrjx?, k|b]z ;/sf/ cGt{utsf lgsfosf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwx?, g]kfn ko{6g af]8

k|b]z sfof{no kf]v/fsf sfof{no k|d'v, ko{6g tyf cGo Joj;flos 5ftf ;+u7gsf cWoIfx? ;b:o

/xg] u/L cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf] !)! ;b:oLo d"n ;ldlt u7g u/Lg] 5 . k|b]z ;/sf/sf]

dlGqkl/ifb\n] d"n ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qflwsf/ zt{x? ;d]t tf]sL cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf] ;lrjfno

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ k|b]z sfof{no kf]v/fdf /xg] 5 .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

188

%=@=@ u08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf ljifout pk;ldltx? u08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( d"n ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pjd\ dfggLo pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL ljsf; nD;fn Ho"sf] cWoIftfdf a:g] k|yd a}7sn] u08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf sfo{s|dx? th{'df / sfof{Gjog ug{ & j6f ljifourt jf sfo{ut pk;ldltx? / krf;L j6f :yfgLo txsf k|d'v ;+of]hs /xg] u/L :yfgLo pk;ldltx? u7g ug]{5 .

%=@=# u08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog pk;ldlt Uf08sL k|b]z cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( d"n ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o adf]lhd k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t zt{ tyf sfo{If]qflwsf/ adf]lhd pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf ;lrj cWoIf, lghL If]qaf6 pkfWoIf Pj+ k|b]z ;+of]hs / lghL tyf ;/sf/L If]qaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L sfo{sf/L clwsf/ ;lxtsf] !% -kGw|_ ;b:oLo sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog pk–;ldltsf] u7g u/Lg]5 . cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ @)!( ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] ;Dkfbg tyf ;dGjo ug{ u/fpg g]kfn ko{6g af]8{df ;lrjfno tf]lsPsf] / pQm ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;lrjsf] ?kdf ;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Lsf ?kdf /x]sf] g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ kf]v/f sfof{nosf k|aGws /xg] Joj:yf u/LPsf] 5 . pk;ldltn] cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ @)!( cGt{utsf ljleGg sfo{ut tyf pk;ldltx?;Fu /fo k/fd{zsf cfwf/df ;DalGwt ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf cGo lgsfox?;Fu ;DfGjo u/L lgDg k|d'v ljifox?df s]lGb|t u/L sfo{qmdx?sf] ;+of]hg Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] 5 .• k|b]zsf ;DefJo ko{6sLo :ynx?df :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ cfly{s ljsNk k|bfg ug]{ Ifdtf clej[l4sf

sfo{x?,• ko{6g ;DefJo :yfgx?df cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; Pj+ ;'wf/sf] nflu ;dGjo Pj+

;fem]bf/Lsf sfo{x?,• ko{6sLo ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf] lj:tf/ ug{ nufgL kl/rfng / u'0f:t/ clej[l4sf sfo{x?, cfGtl/s

ko{6sx?sf] yk cfs{if0fsf] nflu ;x'lnot tyf gofF e|d0f Kofs]hx? ;+of]hgsf sfo{x?,• cleofgsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu ko{6s tyf ko{6g Joj;foLx?nfO{ k'–ofpg' kg]{ yk ;'ljwfx?sf]

nflu ;dGjosf sfo{x?,• ;g\ @)!( df ljleGGf ju{sf cfGtl/s ko{6sx?sf nflu cfs{ifs v]n tyf ;]ldgf/ cfof]hgfsf sfo{x?, • cfGtl/s ko{6g k|j4{gsf] ahf/Ls/0f / k|rf/ k|;f/sf sfo{x? . cfGtl/s ko{6g aif{ @)!( cleofgsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] Joj:yf

u/Lg] 5 . • g]kfn ko{6g af]8{af6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu yk cfly{s ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ug]{,• Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd, ;Lk ljsf; tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/sf]

tkm{af6 yk ah]6sf] Joj:yf ug{ cg'/f]w ug]{,• :yfgLo txx?nfO{ :yfgLo tj/df ;|f]t kl/rfngsf nflu k|f]T;flxt ug]{,• lghL If]qaf6 x'g ;Sg] nufgLsf] clwstd\ kl/rfng ug]{,• ljleGg lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g ;Sg] ;|f]tsf] klxrfg u/L kl/rfng ug]{, / • k|b]z ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg] ah]6 cg'bfgsf] ?kdf g]kfn ko{6g af]8{nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .

gLlt÷P]g÷lgodfjnL÷sfo{ljlwx?sf] ;+ª\ufnf]

189

^= cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf] ;lrjfno

cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{ g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ u08sL

k|b]z sfof{nonfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . ;lrjfnodf cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/Lsf nflu g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ /

pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 sd{rf/Lx? sfhdf ;lrjfnodf Nofpg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5

. ;fy} ko{6g tyf cGo ;DalGwt ljifo lnO{ cWoog u/]sf :jo+;]jsx?nfO{ OG6{gsf] ?kdf cfGtl/s

ko{6g aif{ @)!( sf] ;lrjfnodf sfd ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfP/ ;lrjfnosf nflu cfjZos hgzlQmsf]

Joj:yf u/Lg] 5 .

&= cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf] nf]uf] / gf/f

cfGtl/s ko{6g jif{ @)!( sf] cleofgsf] nf]uf] cyjf k|lts lrGx / gf/f ;fj{hlgs

k|ltof]lutf cfJxfg u/L 5gf}6 u/LPsf] 5 h'g cg";'rLdf ;+nUg u/LP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

•