Key Theories of Development WorksheetEDU/305 Version 3

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University of Phoenix MaterialKim Eschler

Key Theories of Child Development Worksheet

Part I: Fill in the following table with information regarding the main theories identified in the Key Child Developmental Theories activity.

Theory

Approach to research (research

design)Components of the approach

Historical milestones of the

theory

Psychosocial

Theory

Erickson moved past Freud’s studies that a child was more than id and impulses. He believed that there were acceptable stages that all children experience. He was a was the first child analyst in Boston. He (with his wife Joan) documented their research and findings.

Erickson found eight psychosocial stages that his theory is based on. He did a longitudinal study at Berkley, where he followed “normal” American children for an entire generation. 12 books where written from this information.

Reference: http://web.me.com/michaelkarcher

/ProfessorKarcher/School_connectedness_

files/Karcher_08_EriksonsCH07.pdf

1933: Erickson came to America the first child analyst in USA.

1937: Started research at Berkley, along with his private practice.

1950: Most famous and influential book Childhood and Society was published.

1958, 1968, 1978, 1986 and 1987 released books supporting his research and even showing holes in his own theories.

Social Learning Theory

That the importance of observed learning could be extremely dangerous if that was all humans had to learn by.

In 1961 he did a BoBo doll experiment, where a woman was videoed beating up on a BoBo doll. The video was shown to children and they were then allowed to play with a BoBo doll. The children imitated the actions and words used by the woman.

Reference: http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers

/p/bio_bandura.htm

1953: Bandura started teaching and doing research at Stanford

1973: Published Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis.

1977: Published Social Learning Theory.

In 1986 and 1997 published additional social theory books.

He is still alive.

Cognitive-Development Theory

Piaget believed that children’s minds are developed by steps in which their capabilities “take off”.

Paidet did numerous studies by observing and talking to children while they worked on exercises he set up. These studies included his three children.

References:

Unkn Ph.D in Zoology.

1936: Published Origins of intelligence in the Child.

Key Theories of Development WorksheetEDU/305 Version 3

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http://www.learningandteaching.info/

learning/piaget.htm and http://psychology.about.com/od/

profilesofmajorthinkers/p/piaget.htm

1945: Published Play, dreams and imitation in childhood.

Sociocultural Theory

Vygotsky believed that humans have the capacity to alter their environment.

"The animal can only be trained. It can only acquire new habits. It can through exercises and combinations perfect its intellect, but is not capable of mental development through instruction in the real sense of the word." (Vygotsky, 1934; Understanding Vygotsky).

Vygotsky’s work on child development only spanned 10 years, when he was cut short from completing his theory fully. He documented his research very well, but two years after his death, the Russian government hid his findings. His books were brought to America in the 60’s, but the details of how his research was done I have been unable to locate. I believe it was done by observation and tests.

References:

http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/vygotsky.shtml and

http://www.igs.net/~cmorris/vygotsky-files.html.

1924: Attended University of Moscow.

1924-1934 Published 6 books, and had over 10 volumes of his notes and papers available.

1934: Vygotsky died of Tuberculosis.

1962: His books are brought to the USA.

Part II: Select one or more theories from the table that you feel most represents your own learning beliefs and styles. Complete one of the following projects based on your chosen theory or theories:

Provide three examples showing how the theories are practiced in a classroom setting.

I believe in a combination of Piaget and Vygotsk’s work.

1. Learning is active process where experience is needed, mistakes will be made, and learning to look for solutions is vital. (Piaget)

2. Learning is real and applies to each student in a meaningful way and relates to the world around them. (Piaget)

3. Guided participation, to fill in zone of proximal development (zpd). (Vygotsky)

Design a basic classroom activity based on the theory or theories you selected.

Ideally a lesson I can see all three of these theories used is in math. In a math lesson you are walking students through what they knew, to what the new concept is (zpd), along the way showing how errors are made and prevented, how to check their work, and how this applies to real life situations. Along with explaining these elements of the equation, using an I do (student watch the instructor), We do (student work in teams or groups), and You do (independent work). After all steps have been followed, and some observation of understanding, re-teaching may be needed.

Design a professional development activity based on one or more of the theories where you explain the importance of using these theories in the classroom to other teachers.

See below:

Key Theories of Development WorksheetEDU/305 Version 3

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Overview of Sociocultural TheoryPlease place the following words in the correct place.

Local industry Home (2) Adult (2) Parent School (2)Macrosystem Microsystems Exosystems Mesosystems School boardParents workplace Neighborhood (2) Teachers Peers (3) Mass MediaDominate beleifs Local government Religiouse setting (2) SiblingsChild (4)

** When working with students it is important to focus lessons and praise to the whole child. Each child is different and has individule needs and influances effecting their learning capibilities. Without taking these into considerstation the student will not receive the greatest benefit from their lessons.

Key Theories of Development WorksheetEDU/305 Version 3

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Overview of Cognitive-Development TheoryPlease place the following words in the correct place, and identify the ages of each.

Concrete Operational Preoperational

Formal Operational Sensorimotor

** When reviewing or creating a lesson, make sure it is cognitive appropriate. Trying to teach a Preoperational to do algebra, or a sensorimotor to read is going to cause failure and disappointment to both the instructor and the student.

References: http://smu.edu/education/CCCD/conceptualframework.asp and Tiffany Davis, Meghann Hummel, and Kay Sauers (2006)

Answers: