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8/4/2019 Law of the Sea Volume 1833 a 31363 English
1/186
ex
officio
Vol.
1833,
1-31363
8/4/2019 Law of the Sea Volume 1833 a 31363 English
2/186
397
UNITED NATIONS
CONVENTION
1 ON
THE
LAW
OF THE SEA
S h e
States Parties to
t h i s
Convention,
Prompted
by t h e
desire
to settle,
i n a
spirit of mutual understanding
and
co-operation,
all issues
relating to t h e
law of the sea and
aware
of the
hist o ric
significance
of t h i s Convention as an
important
contribution to t h e
m aint e nance of p e a c e , justice and progress
f o r
all peoples of the world.
Mating
that
developments since
t h e
United Nations Conferences on
t h e
Law
of the
Sea
he ld at Geneva i n 1958
and
1960 have accentuated the need t o t
r e w
and generally acceptable Convention on the law of t h e
s e a ,
Conscious
that
the
p r o ble m s
of ocean
space
are
clo se ly
interrelated and
ne e d
to
be
considered
as
a
whole.
Recognizing
t h e d esirabilit y
of
establishing
through this Convention,
with due regard
f o r t h e sovereignty
of all
States,
a legal order
f o r
the seas
and oceans
which will facilitate international communication, and will promote
the
p e ace ful
uses of
t h e seas
and oceans,
t h e
equitable and efficient
utilization of t h e i r resources, t h e
conservation
of t h e i r living resources,
and
the
s t u d y , protection and preservation of t h e marine
environment,
1
Came into force
on
1 6
November
1994, i.e.,
1 2
months
after the date
of deposit with
the
Secretary-General of
the United Nations of the sixtieth instrument of ratification or accession, in accordance with article
308 1):
ngola
1990
Antigua
and
Barbuda
2
February
1989
Bahamas
29 July 1983
Bahrain
30
May 1985
Barbados
1 2
October
1993
Belize
1 3
August
1983
Botswana
2 May 1990
Brazil*
22
December
1988
Cameroon
1 9
November
1985
Cape
Verde* 1 0
August
1987
Costa Rica 2 1 September
1992
C te d'Ivoire 26
March
1984
Cuba*
1 5
August
1984
Cyprus
1 2
December 1988
Djibouti
8
October
1991
Dominica
24
October
1991
Egypt* 26
August 1983
Fiji
1 0 December
1982
Gambia 22 May 1984
Ghana
7
June 1983
Grenada 25 April 1991
Guinea 6
September
1985
Guinea-Bissau* 25
August
1986
Guyana 1 6
November
1993
Honduras
5
October
1993
Iceland* 2 1
June 1985
Indonesia
3
February
1986
Iraq
30
July 1985
Jamaica
2 1
March
1983
Kenya
2
March
1989
Kuwait*
Mali
Malta*
M arshall Islands
Mexico
Micronesia Federated
States of)
Namibia
Nigeria
Oman*
Paraguay
Philippines*
Saint
Kitts-et-Nevis
Saint
Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Sao
Tome and P rincipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Somalia
Sudan
Togo
Trinidad
and
Tobago
Tunisia*
Uganda
United Republic of Tanzania*
Uruguay*
Yemen*'
Yugoslavia*
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2 May
1 6 July
20
M ay
9
August
1 8
March
29 April
1 8 April
1 4 August
1 7 August
26
September
8
May
7
January
27
March
1er October
3
November
25
October
1 6 September
24
July
23
January
1 6 April
25 April
24
April
9
November
30
September
1 0
December
2 1 July
5 May
1 7 February
7
March
24
February
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 5
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 l a
1 9 8 3
1 9 9 1 a
1 9 8 3
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 9
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 4
1 9 9 3
1 9 8 5
1 9 9 3
1 9 8 7
1 9 8 4
1 9 9 1
1 9 8 9
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 5
1 9 9 0
1 9 8 5
1 9 9 2
1 9 8 7
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 9
1 9 8 3
1 9 9 3
Vol. 1833, 1-31363
8/4/2019 Law of the Sea Volume 1833 a 31363 English
3/186
1994
Bearing i n mind that the
achi e veme nt
of
t he s e goals
will
cont r ibute
to
the
realization
o f
a just and equitable international economic order
which
takes in to
account
the interests and
needs
of
ma nk i nd
as a
whole
ana, i n
particular, t h e
special
interests and needs of developing countries, whether
coastal
o r land-locked,
D e . 8 i . i r
i n g by this
Conve nt ion
to develop the
principles embodied i n
resolution
2 7 4 9 ( X X V ) of
1 7
December 1 9 7 0 2 i n
which
t h e
General
Assembly of t h e
United Nations solemnly declared i n t e r alia that
t h e
area of the sea-bed and
oc e a n floor and t h e subsoil t h e r e o f , beyond
t h e
limits of national
jurisdiction, as well as i t s resources, are the
common
heritage of mankind;
t h e
explora t ion and exploitation of
which s hall
be
carried out
for the benefit
of mankind
as a whole,
irrespective of
the
geographical location of
S t a t e s ,
Believing that t h e
codification
and progressive
development
of t h e law
of the sea
achieved i n
this
Conve nt ion
will
contribute
t o the strengthening of
peace, security, co-operation and friendly relations
among all
na t ions in
conformity with the pr i nci ple s of justice and equal rights and
will
promote
t h
economic and
social
advancement
of all
people s
of t h e world,
i n accordance
with
the
Purposes and Principles
of t h e
United Nations a s set
forth
i n
the
Charter,
MUjOEJM that matters not regulated
by this
Conve nt ion cont i nue to be
gove r ned
by t h e
rules and principles of general international l a w .
Have agreed
as
f o l l o w s
In addition, and prior to the entry
into
force of the Convention, the following States also deposited instruments
of ratification, accession or notification of
succession:
d)
Bosnia
and
Herzegovinia 12
January 1994d
With effect from 16
November
1994.)
Comoros
21 June
With effect
from
16
November
1994.)
Sri Lanka 19 July
With effect from
16
November
1994.)
Viet Nam* 25 July
With effect from
16
November
1994.)
d)
1 9 9 4
1 9 9 4
1 9 9 4
The former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia 19 August
1994d
With
effect from
16 November
1994.)
Australia 5 October
1994
With effect from 16
November
1994.)
Germany 14 October 1994a
With effect from 16 November
1994.)
Mauritius 4 November
1994
With effect from 16
November
1994.)
For
the
declarations made
upon ratification
or accession, see vol. 1835,
p.
105.
** Democratic Yemen ratified the Convention on 21
July 1987.
Subsequently, the Yemen Arab Republic and the
People's
Democratic
Republic
of
Yemen
merged on 2 2 May 1990 to
form the Republic
of Yemen.
The Republic
of
Yemen is considered a party
to
the Convention as from the date when Democratic Yemen became a party to the
Convention.
United
Nations,
A/8028) ,
p. 24 .
8/4/2019 Law of the Sea Volume 1833 a 31363 English
4/186
PART I
INTRODUCTION
A r t i c l e
1
U s e
of
t e r m s a n d s c o p e
1 .
F O C t h e
p u r p o s e s of t h i s
C o n v e n t i o n s
( 1 ) " A r e a " means t h e s e a - b e d a n d o c e a n f l o o r a n d s u b s o i l t h e r e o f ,
b e y o n d t h e l i m i t s
of
n a t i o n a l j u r i s d i c t i o n ;
( 2 ) " A u t h o r i t y " m e a n s t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e a - B e d
A u t h o r i t y }
( 3 )
" a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e A r e a "
means
a l l a c t i v i t i e s o f e x p l o r a t i o n
f o r ,
a n d e x p l o i t a t i o n o f , t h e
r e s o u r c e s of
t h e A r e a ;
( 4 ) " p o l l u t i o n of t h e
marine
e n v i r o n m e n t "
means
t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n
by
m a n , d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y ,
of
s u b s t a n c e s o r e n e r g y i n t o t h e m a r i n e
e n v i r o n m e n t , i n c l u d i n g e s t u a r i e s , which r e s u l t s o r i s l i k e l y
to
r e s u l t i n s u c h
d a l o t e r i o u s e f f e c t s a s harm t o l i v i n g r e s o u r c e s a n d m a r i n e
l i f e ,
h a z a r d s t o
human h e a l t h , h i n d r a n c e
to marine
a c t i v i t i e s ,
i n c l u d i n g f i s h i n g and o t h e r
l e g i t i m a t e u s e s of t h e s e a , i m p a i r m e n t of q u a l i t y
f o r
u s e o f
s e a
w a t e r a n d
r e d u c t i o n of
a m e n i t i e s
( 5 ) ( a ) " d u m p i n g "
m e a n s j
( i ) a n y d e l i b e r a t e d i s p o s a l
of
w a s t e s o r o t h e r m a t t e r f r o m
v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t , p l a t f o r m s o r o t h e r m a n - m a d e
s t r u c t u r e s
at
s e a ;
( i i ) a n y d e l i b e r a t e d i s p o s a l
o f
v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t , p l a t f o r m s
o r o t h e r m a n - m a d e s t r u c t u r e s a t s e a ;
( b ) " d u m p i n g *
does
n o t i n c l u d e :
( i ) t h e d i s p o s a l
of
w a s t e s o r o t h e r m a t t e r i n c i d e n t a l t o , o r
d e r i v e d f r o m t h e n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s o f
v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t ,
p l a t f o r m s o r o t h e r m a n - m a d e s t r u c t u r e s a t s e a a n d t h e i r
e q u i p m e n t , o t h e r
t h a n
wastes o r o t h e r m a t t e r t r a n s p o r t e d
b y
o r
t o v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t , p l a t f o r m s o r o t h e r
man-made
s t r u c t u r e s a t
s e a , o p e r a t i n g f o r t h e p u r p o s e
o f
d i s p o s a l
o f
s u c h
m a t t e r o r
d e r i v e d
f r o m
t h e
t r e a t m e n t of
s u c h
w a s t e s o r o t h e r m a t t e r
on
s u c h v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t ,
p l a t f o r m s o r
s t r u c t u r e s }
( i i ) p l a c e m e n t
o f m a t t e r
f o r a p u r p o s e
o t h e r t h a n t h e mere
d i s p o s a l t h e r e o f , p r o v i d e d
t h a t
s u c h p l a c e m e n t i s
n o t
c o n t r a r y t o
t h e
a i m s
of t h i s C o n v e n t i o n .
2 . ( 1 ) " S t a t e s P a r t i e s " m e a n s S t a t e s w h i c h
h ve c o n s e n t e d t o b e
b o u n d
b y
t h i s C o n v e n t i o n a n d f o r w h i c h
t h i s
Convention
i s
i n
f o r c e .
8/4/2019 Law of the Sea Volume 1833 a 31363 English
5/186
400 United Nations
Treaty Series Nations Unies
Recueil des
Traits
1994
( 2 )
T h i s C o n v e n t i o n a p p l i e s m u t a t i s m u t a n d i s t o t h e e n t i t i e s
r e f e r r e d to
i n
a r t i c l e 3 0 5 , p a r a g r a p h
l ( b ) , ( c ) , ( d ) ,
( e )
a n d
( f ) , w h i c h
b e c o m e P a r t i e s t o t h i s C o n v e n t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o n d i t i o n s r e l e v a n t
t o e a c h , a n d t o t h a t e x t e n t " S t a t e s P a r t i e s " r e f e r s t o t h o s e e n t i t i e s .
P A R T
I I
TERRITORIAL
SEA AND
CONTIGUOUS ZONE
SEC TION
1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
A r t i c l e ,
L e g a l
s t a t u s of
t h e
t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a
f of
t h e a i r 8 p a e g _ e - y e
t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a a n d
of
i t s b e d a n d s u b s o i l
1 .
T h e
s o v e r e i g n t y
of
a
c o a s t a l S t a t e
e x t e n d s ,
b e y o n d
i t s
l a n d
t e r r i t o r y
a n d i n t e r n a l
w a t e r s a n d ,
i n
t h e
c a s e
of
a n a r c h i p e l a g i e S t a t e ,
i t s
a r e h i p e l a g i c w a t e r s , t o an a d j a c e n t b e l t of
s e a ,
d e s c r i b e d a s t h e t e r r i t o r i a l .
s e a .
2 . f f i i i s s o v e r e i g n t y e x t e n d s t o t h e a i r s p a c e
o v e r
t h e t e r r i t o r i a l
s s a
a s w e l l a s t o
i t s
bed and
s u b s o i l .
3 . T h e s o v e r e i g n t y o v e r t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a
i s
e x e r e i s e d s u b j e t t o
t h i s C o n v e n t i o n a n d t o o t h e r r u l e s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w .
SECTION
2 .
LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA
A r t i c l e 3
B r e a d t h of
t h e t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a
E v e r y S t a t e h a s t h e r i g h t t o e s t a b l i s h t h e b r e a d t h
f
i t s t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a
u p t o
a
l i m i t
n o t e x c e e d i n g 1 2
n a u t i c a l
m i l e s , m e a s u r e d
f r o m
b a s e l i n e s
d e t e r m i n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e
with
t h i s C o n v e n t i o n .
A r t i c l e
4
O u t e r
l i m i t o f
t h e
t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a
T h e o u t e r l i m i t of
t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a
i s
t h e
l i n e e v e r y
point
of
whieh
i s
a t
a
d i s t a n c e f r o m
t h e
n e a r e s t p o i n t
of
t h e
b a s e l i n e e q u a l
t o t h e
b r e a d t h
of
t h e
t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a .
A r t i c l e 5
n o r m a l
b a s e l i n e
E x c e p t
w h e r e
o t h e r w i s e p r o v i d e d i n t h i s
C o n v e n t i o n ,
t h e n o r m a l b a s e l i n e
f o r m e a s u r i n g
t h e
b r e a d t h o f t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a
i s
t h e l o w - w a t e r
l i n
a l o n g
t h e c o a s t a s m a r k e d
on
l a r g e - s c a l e c h a r t s o f f i c i a l l y r e c o g n i s e d b y t h e o a s t a l
S t a t e .
V o l .
1 8 3 3 ,
1 - 3 1 3 6 3
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Artic l e_6
j t e e f s
In th e ca s e of
isl an ds
s i t u a t e d o n
atol l s or
of islands
h av in g frin g in g
reefs,
t he b a s e li ne
for
me a s u r i ng
the
b r e a d t h of
th e territorial sea
is
the
s e a w a r d low -w a t e r
l in e
of
the reef, as
s how n
by
the
ap p rop riate s y mbol
o n
c h a r t s o f f i c i a l l y r e co gni z e d by the c o a s t a l
State.
Ar t i cle
7
S t r a i ght b a s e li ne s
1 . In loca li t i e s w he r e the
coa s t li ne
i s
de e ply
in den ted an d
cut
into,
or if t h e r e i s a f r i n g e of isl an ds al on g th e coa s t i n its imm diate v ic in it y ,
the m e t h o d of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s
j oin in g
a ppr o pr i a t e po i nt s m a y
be
e m plo ye d
i n
dr a w i ng t h e b a s e li ne f r om whi ch the b r e a d t h of th e t e r r i t or i a l sea i s
measured.
2 . Whe r e b e ca u s e
o f
the
pr e s e nce of
a de lt a an d oth er n atural
c o n d i t i o n s
t he coa s t li ne
i s
h i g h l y
un stabl e, th e
a ppr o pr i a t e
p o i n t s
ma y
be
s e l e c t e d a l o n g
th e
fu r t he s t s e a w a r d e xt e nt o f
the
low -w a t e r line
and,
n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g
s u b s e qu e nt r e gr e s s i o n
of th e l ow- water line,
the
straig h t
b a s e l i n e s
s ha ll
remain
e f f e c t i v e
un til
cha nge d
by the
coa s t a l
State i n
a ccor d a nce
w i t h
th is C on v en tion .
3 . The dr a w i ng of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s mu s t no t d e pa r t to an y a ppr e ci a b le
e xt e nt f r om
the
g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f th e c oast, an d
the
sea areas l y in g w i t h i n
the li ne s
m u s t b e
s u ffi ci e nt ly clos e ly l in ked t o th e l an d domain to be s u b je ct
to the r gi m e of
in tern al
waters.
4 .
S t r a i ght b a s e li ne s sh al l no t be dr a w n to an d fr om l ow- tide
e le va t i o ns ,
u nle s s li ght hou s e s or simil ar
i ns t a lla t i o ns
w hi ch are p e r m a n e n t l y
abov e Sea
le ve l ha ve b e e n b u i lt
on
t he m
or
e xce pt
in
in stan c es
w he r e
the
dr a w i ng o f
'baselines
t o
an d from such
e l e v a t i o n s h a s
rec eiv ed g en eral
i nt e r na t i o na l
rec og n ition .
5 . Whe r e th e m e t h o d
of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s
i s
a ppli ca b le
under
p a r a g r a p h
1 ,
a ccou nt m a y be
taken, i n
de t e r m i ni ng pa r t i cu la r basel in es, of
e co nom i c i nt e r e s t s pe cu li a r
to
the
reg ion c on c ern ed, th e real it y an d th e
i m por t a nce of w hi ch
are
cle a r ly e vi d e nce d by long
usage.
6 . The s y s t e m
of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s
m a y n ot be
a ppli e d
by a S t a t e i n
suc h a ma nne r a s to cu t off the t e r r i t or i a l sea of an oth er State from th e h i g h
seas or an e xclu s i ve e co nom i c zone.
Artielg_8
Internal w a t e r y
1 .
Exce pt as pr o vi d e d in Part I V , wa t e r s o n the l an dward side
o f
the
b a s e li ne of th e t e r r i t or i a l sea form p art of th e in tern al
waters
of th e State.
2 . Whe r e
the
e s t a b li s hm e nt of
a
s t r a i ght b a s e li ne i n ac c ordan c e wi t h
t h e m e t h o d set forth in a r t i cle
7
has the e ffe ct of en c l osin g as in tern al
w a t e r s
a r e a s
w h i c h
ha d
n ot
pr e vi ou s ly
been
co ns i d e r e d
as such, a rig h t
of
in n oc en t p a s s a g e as
pr o vi d e d
i n
this
C o n v e n t i o n sh al l ex ist
i n
th ose waters.
V o l .
1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3
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7/186
I f a
r i v e t
flows directly into
t h e s e a , t h e
b a s e l i r e a shall
f o s
a
straight
line across t h e
i s o u t h
of
t h e r i v e r
between points on t h e low-water line of
i t s
b a n k s .
1 .
This article relates only to bays
t h e
coasts
o f
which
belong to a
single S
t a
t a ,
2 . F o r t h e
pur pos e s of
this Convention, a
ba y
i s
a well-marked
indentation
whos e pe ne t r a t ion i s
i n such
proportion
t o t h e width o i t s mouth
as to contain land-locked waters
and
constitute more
than
a curvature of
t h e
c o a s t . AD indentation shall p o t , however be regarded a s
a
bay unless i t s
area i s as large
a s ,
r larger t h a n that of
t h e
semi-circle
hose
diameter
i s
a li ne drawn acros s
the mouth
o f
that indentation
3 .
J S s r
t h e
pur pos e
of
Measurement
t h e
area of an indentation i s
that
lying between
t h e
low-water
s n a r l s
around
t h e
shore of
t h e
Indentation and a
line joining
the
low-water mark of
i t s
natural ntrance
p o i n t s
where,
because
of t h e
preawac* o f
islands, an
indentation ha s
more than
one
mouth,
t t o e
semi-circle shall b drawn on a line
as
l o n g
as t h e
sum total of
t h e
le ngt hs of
t h e
liims across
t h e
different
m o u t h s .
Islands within an
indentation shall be included as i f t he y
were
part of
t h e
water area of
t h e
indentation.
4 . I f t h e
distance between
t h e low-water marks of t h e
natural entrance
points of
a
ba y
does
not
e i s e s e d
2 4
nautical ailes,
a
closing line
a a y
b e
drawn
between
these
two
low-water marks,
a nd
t h e
waters enclosed thereby
shall b
considered as
internal waters.
5 . . Mher
the
distance between
t h e low-watsr marks of t h e
natural
e nt r a nce poi nt s of bay
exceeds 2 4
nautical miles?
a
straight baseline of 3 4
nautical mil shall
be dram within t h
ba y i n
such
a
manner as to
enclose
t h e a a x i r a u n area
o f water
that
i a possible with a l i n e of t h a t
length.
S . f l i a
foregoing provisions
do
not apply
t o ao-calle "historic"
b a y s ,
oe in a n y
ca n
where t h e system of straight baselines provided f o e
i n
article
7
i s applied.
F o r
t o
pur ps s e
o f delimiti ng t h e territorial
a e a
t h e outermost
permanent
harbour works which form an
integral
part of
t h e
harbour system are
regarded as forming part of t h e c o a s t .
Off-shore
installations and
artificial
i s l a n d s
shall not be e o n s i a r e S
as p e m a n e n t
harbour w o r k s .
Vol. 1833, 1-31363
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rtiole_12
j j g g d a t g a d B .
B o a < S 8 t i s d s
which are nooaa ly used
f o r t h e loading,
unloading and
nehori3 o f s h i p s , a nd which
would
ot he rwise b situated wholly
or
pa r tly
o t s i i t h e
outer limit of
the
territorial s e a , are included i n
t h e
territorial s @ * .
1 . A low-tide elevation i s a naturally formed area of land which i s
surrounded
by ana above
water
a t
low
tide but
submergea
at high t i d e , f i b e r a
low-tide alavation i s situated
wholly
or
p a r t l y
at
a
dista n a not exceedi ng
the btaadtb o
t h e
territorial aa from the
mai nla nd
or an
I s l a n d ,
the
Iwimter l i r a *
o n
that
elevation may be used
as the
baseline
f o e
measuring
t h e
beswlth o f the territorial s e a .
2 . Hher e a low-t ide ele vat ion
is
wholly situated at a dista nce
s s e ^ i nf the breadth o f
t h e
territorial g@a f r o m ' the
mai nla nd
o ? :
an i s l a n d ,
i t ha
n o territorial
usa o f i t s o w n .
Article
1 4
( j g M b i n a t i p n
f t
S
met hods
for
determi ni ng
baselines
0 coas t al
State m a y
determi ne
baselines i n turn by a n y of
t h
provided for i n the foregoing
articles
to
suit diffe r e nt
conditions.
Article
I S
D g l i g i i t a t i g n _ o j
thejtgrritorial se a between S t a t e s with
the
coasts
of
two S t a t e s a r e oppos i t e
or
adjace nt to e ach
other,
neither of tha
two s t a t e s
i s entitled, failing
a gr e eme nt betwee n t he n
to ths
contrasy; to extend
i t s
territorial sea beyond
t h e
median li ne e ve r y p o i n t o
t t l t i e i i is
equidistant from the ne a r e s t poi nt s o n the baselines from which the
t e r - M a t ? , of i f e s
territorial
seas of
e ach of
t h e
two States
i s measured Ihe
above pcoviaion does not
a p p l y , h o w e v e r ,
where i t i s necessary by cesnon of
historic titla
t other special circumstances to delimit
t h e
territorial s s a s
o f tb two S t a t e s
in
a w a y which i s a t va r i a nce
therewith.
Qtarts^and
l i e t s ,
o f ,
geographical cg-ordinatea
1 .
fhe baselines
for
measuring
t h e
breadth of
the
territorial sea
d trained
in
accordance with articles 7 , 9 and
1 0 ,
or
the limits
s e e i ved
thgsfe , and the lines o f
d e l
r a i
t a t i o n
drawn i n accordance with articles 1 2
ana
I S s h a l l , be
shown
on
charts of
a
scale
or
scales adequate
f o r
ascertaining
position, alternatively, a list of
geogr a phical
co-ordinates of point*,
the
geodetic
datum,
m a y be
substituted.
2 . The
coast al S t a t e
shall
gi ve
due
publicit y
to such charts oe lists
o C geogr a phical co-ordi na t e s a nd
shall
depos i t
a
copy of
each such
chart
o r
list r t f c h t t e Secretary-General
of t h e
United
Nations.
V o l .
1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3
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SECTION 3 .
IWCCBHT
f& S S GE
ZN
THE TERRITORIAL S B A
S U BSECTION h. RULES A P P LICA B LE TO i
S u b j e c t
to
t h i s C o n v e n t i o n ?
s h i p s of a l l
S t a t e s ,
w h e t h e r
c o a s t a l o r
l a n d -
o c k e d , e n j o y
t h e r i g h t
o f i n n o c e n t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s < s a .
o f p a s s a g e
1 . P a s s a g e m e a n n a v i g a t i o n t h r o u g h t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a f o r t h e
p u r p o s e o f t
( a )
t r a v e r s i n g t h a t s e a
w i t h o u t e n t e r i n g i n t e r n a l w a t e r s
o s
c a l l i n g
a t a r o a d s t e a d
o r p o r t
f a c i l i t y
o u t s i d e i n t e r n a l w a t e r s ? o c
( b ) p r o c e e d i n g
t o
o r
f r o
i n t e r n a l
w a t e r s o c c a l l
a t s u c h
r o a d s t e a d o r port f a c i l i t y .
2 .
P a s s a g e s h a l l b e
c o n t i n u o u s
a n d
e x p e d i t i o u s . H o w e v e r , p a s s a g e
i n c l u d e
s t o p p i n g a n d a n c h o r i n g , b u t only i n s o f a r a s t h e s a m e a r e
i n c i d e n t a l
t o
o r d i n a r y n a v i g a t i o n
o r
a r e r e n d e r e d
n e c e s s a r y b y
f o r c e M a j e u r * o r d i s t r e s s
o c
f o r t h e
p u r p o s e o f
r e n d e r i n g
a s s i s t a n c e t o p e r s o n s ,
s h i p s
o r a i r c r a f t
i n
d a n g e r o r d i st r e s s .
A r t i g l _ l 9
1 .
P a s s a g e
i s
i n n o c e n t so
l o n g
a s i t i s n o t p r e j u d i c i a l
t o
t h e p e a c e ,
good o r d e r o r s e c u r i t y of t h e c o a s t a l
S t a t e .
S u c h p a s s a g e s h a l l t a k e p l a c e
i n
conformity
w i t h
t h i s
C o n v e n t i o n
a n d
w i t h o f e h e r
r u l e s
o f
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w .
2 .
P a s s a g e of
a
f o r e i g n s h i p s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d t o b @ p r e j u d i c i a l t o
t h e p * a e , g o o d o r d e r or s e c u r i t y o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e
i f
i n t h e t e r r i t o r i a l
s a
i t
e n g a g e s i n
any
of
t h e f o l l o w i n g
a c t i v i t i e s
{ & ) a n y t h r e a t
o c
u s e
of f o r c e
a g a i n s t t h e s o v e r e i g n t y ,
t e r r i t o r i a l
i n t e g r i t y o r p o l i t i c a l i n d e p a n d e n c * o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e , o r i n a n y
o t h e r B a n n e r i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w
e m b o d i e d
i n
t h e
C h a r t e r
o f t h e
U n i t e d
H t i o n s ;
( b ) a n y x e e c i s @ o r p r a c t i c e w i t h w e a p o n s o f a n y k i n d s
( c )
a n y a c t a i m e d a t c o l l e c t i n g
i n f o r m a t i o n t o
t h e p r e j u d i c e o f t h
d e f n c o r s e c u r i t y o f
t h e
c o a s t a l
S t a t e
( d )
a n y a c t o f p r o p a g a n d a
a i m e d
a t
a f f e c t i n g t h e
d e f e n c e o r s e c u r i t y of
& h @
c o a s t a l s t a t e ;
( )
t h e
l a u n c h i n g , l a n d i a g o r
t a k i n g o n
b o a r d
o f
a n y
Vol.
1833, 1-31363
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10/186
(f| iaaciftf
,
landing or taking
a
bosed of any military
fg>
the
'loading
or auloaitsg of aay eoisiaoditys currency or person
to the easterns fiscal inmlgration- or sanitary laws a nd
of
the
soaatal
States
( h ) - a n y a c t o f w i l f u l a n d a e r i o u s p o l l u t i o n c o n t r a r y t o t h i s
C o n v e n t i o n ?
f i ) a t s y f i s h i n g a c t i v i t i e s ?
C j t h c a r r y i n g
o a t
o f r e s e a r c h o r s u r v e y
a c t i v i t i e s
| f c ) a n y e t a i m e d
a t
i n t e r f e r i n g
w i t h
a n y s y s t e m s
o f c o i g m u n i c a t i o n
o r
a n y t f e e e
f a c i l i t i e s
o x
i n s t a l l a t i o n s
o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e ;
( 1 ) a n y o t l r a r a c t i v i t y n o t h a v i n g a d i r e c t b e a r i n g
o n
p a s s a g e .
and othyg .underwater
vehic3.es
I n t h e t @ . r i t o l a l s @ a ,
@ u b n a i n @
a n d o t h e r
u n d e r w a t e r
v e h i c l e s a x e
r e q u i r e d
t o
n a v i g a t e
on
t h e s u r f a c e
a n d t o s h o w
t h e i r
f l a g .
r t i c l e _ 2 1
1 . " M i a c o a s t a l S t a t e m a y a d o p t l a w s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s , i n c o n f o r m i t y
w i t h
t h e
pswricioM o
t h i s
C o n v e n t i o n a n a
o t h e r r u l e s
o f
i n t e r n a t i o n a l
l a w ,
r e l a t i n g t o i m s o e e n t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h
t h e
t e r r i t o r i a l
s < s & ,
i n
r e s p e c t
of
a l l o r
a n y o t h e CoUowingt
- f e s a f e t y o f n a v i g a t i o n a n d t h e r e g u l a t i o n o f m a r i t i m e t r a f f i c
( b )
t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f n a v i g a t i o n a l a i d s a n a f a c i l i t i e s
a n d
o t h e r
f a c i l i t i e s o r i n s t a l l a t i o n s ;
( c )
t h e p r o t e c t i o n
o f
c a b l e s n a
( d )
t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n
o f
t h e l i v i n g oases o f t h e
p e w e n t i o n of
i n f e i n g e i a e n t
s f t h e f i s h e r i e s l a w s ana
r e g u l a t i e n a
o
t h a
c o a s t a l
S t a t e s
( ) t h e
p r o s c r r a t i o n
f t h e i t v i r o n m i i D t o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e
n d
p r e v e n t i o n , r e d u c t i o n a n d c o n t r o l
p o l l u t i o n t h e r @ t
s c i e n t i f i c craMieb a n d h y d r o g r a p h i e
$ h } t h e p < i v i i t i o i i of
i n f r i n g e m e n t
o
S h e e u s t o i B a , f i s c a l ,
o r
MBitary
l a w s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s o t h e c o a e t a l S t a t e .
2 .
Such laws and
regulations
shall n o t apply
t o
t h e d e s i g n ,
construction, manni ng o r equipment of
f o r e i g n
ships unless they are giving
e ffe ct to
ge ne r ally
accepted international r u l e s
o r
s t a n d a r d s .
3 . The
coastal
State shall give due publicity t o a l l s u c h l a w s and
regulations
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4 .
Foreign
ships
exercising t h e
right
of
innocent
passage
through t h e
territorial sea
s h a l l
comply with all such l a w s and regulations and all
generally accepted
international
regulations
relating t o t h e
pr e ve nt ion
of
collisions at s e a .
Article
2 2
S e a lanes and t r a f f i c separation schemes
i n
t h e territorial s e a
1 . The
coastal State m a y , where necessary having regard t o
t h e
safety
of navigation, require foreign s h i p s exercising
t h e
right of innocent passage
through i t s territorial sea t o use such sea lanes a n d t r a f f i c
separation
schemes
as
i t m a y designate o r prescribe f o r
t h e
regulation
of
t h e passage of
s h i p s .
2 . I n particular,
t a n k e r s ,
nuclear-powered
s h i p s
and
ships
carrying
nuclear or other in heren tl y dangerous o r noxious substances o r materials
ma y
be required
to
confi ne
t h e i r
passage
to
s u c h
s e a l a n e s .
3 . I n t h e
designation
of
s e a
lanes
a n d
t h e prescription of t r a f f i c
separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into
account
( a ) t h e
recommendations
of t h e
competent
international
organization;
( b ) any channels
customarily
used f o r international navigation;
( c ) t h e special characteristics of particular s h i p s
and channels; and
( d ) t h e
dens i t y
of
t r a f f i c .
4 . The
coastal
State shall
clearly
i n d i c a t e s u c h
s e a
lanes and traffic
separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall b e given.
Article
2 3
Foreign nuclear-powered ships and
s h i p s
carrying nuclear
o r
other inherently dangerous
o r noxious
substances
Foreign nuclear-powered
s h i p s
and
s h i p s
carrying nuclear o r other
inherently
dangerous
o r noxious
substances
s h a l l ,
when
exercising t h e right
of
innocent passage t h r o u g h t h e territorial
s e a , carry
documents a n d
observe
special precautionary measures established
f o r
s u c h s h i p s by international
agreements.
A r t i c l e _ 2 4 _
D a t i e g _ o f _ t h e
coastal State
1 . T h e
coastal State
shall
not
hamper t h e innocent
passage o f foreign
ship
t h r o u ^ j U s e
territorial sea exce pt i n accordance with
this
Convention.
I n particular,
i n
t h e
application of
t h i s
Convention
o r of any laws o r
regulations adopted i n conformity with this Convention,
t h e
coastal State
shall n o t s
( e
i m p o s e
requirements on foreign s h i p s which have
t h e
practical
effect of
denyi ng
o r impairing t i l e right of innocent passage} or
( b )
discriminate
i n form o e
i n
fact
against
t h e ships of
a ny
State or
against ships carrying cargoes
t o ,
from or
on behalf of any S t a t e .
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2 . T h e c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l g i v e a p p r o p r i a t e p u b l i c i t y t o any d a n g e r t o
n a v i g a t i o n ,
o f w h i c h i t
h a s
k n o w l e d g e w i t h i n
i t s t e r r i t o r i a l s e a .
_
R i g h t s
o f p r o t e c t i o n
o f
t h e
c o a s t a l S t a t e
1 . T h e
c o a s t a l S t a t e
m a y t a k e t h e
n e c e s s a r y
s t e p s
i n
i t s
t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a
t o p r e v e n t p a s s a g e w h i c h
i s
n o t
i n n o c e n t .
2 . I n
t h e
c a s e
o f s h i p s
p r o c e e d i n g
t o i n t e r n a l
w a t e r s o r
a
c a l l a t
a
p o e t
f a c i l i t y
o u t s i d e
i n t e r n a l
w a t e r s , t h e c o a s t a l
S t a t e
a l s o h a s
t h e r i g h t
t o
t a l c e t h e n e c e s s a r y
s t e p s t o
p r e v e n t a n y
b r e a c h o f
t h e c o n d i t i o n s
t o w h i c h
a d m i s s i o n o f t h o s e s h i p s t o i n t e r n a l w a t e r s o r s u c h a c a l l
i s
s u b j e c t .
3 .
T h e c o a s t a l
S t a t e m a y ,
w i t h o u t d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n f o r m o r i n f a c t
a m o n g f o r e i g n s h i p s ,
s u s p e n d t e m p o r a r i l y i n
s p e c i f i e d a r e a s
o f
i t s
t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a
t h e
i n n o c e n t
p a s s a g e o f f o r e i g n
s h i p s
i f
s u c h
s u s p e n s i o n i s e s s e n t i a l l o t
t h e
p r o t e c t i o n o f
i t s
s e c u r i t y , i n c l u d i n g
w e a p o n s
e x e r c i s e s . S u c h
s u s p e n s i o n
s h a l l t a k e
e f f e c t only
a f t e r
h a v i n g
b e e n
d u l y
p u b l i s h e d .
A r t i e l e J |
1 . M o c h a r g e may
b e l e v i e d
u p o n
f o r e i g n
s h i p s b y r e a s o n only o f t h e i s
p a s s a g e t h r o u g h
t h e
t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a .
2 .
C h a r g e s m a y b e l e v i e d u p o n
a
f o r e i g n s h i p p a s s i n g t h r o u g h
t h e
t e r r i t o r i a l s e a a s p a y m e n t
only
f o r
s p e c i f i c
s e r v i c e s
r e n d e r e d
t o t h e s h i p .
d s a r g e s
s h a l l b e l e v i e d w i t h o u t d i s c r i m i n a t i o n .
SUBSECTION B. SDLES
A P PLICA BLE
TO
MERCHANT S HIP S A H D G0VERHJT
OPERATED FOR
COMMERCIAL
PURPOSES
Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship
1 . The criminal jurisdiction of t h e coastal State should
not
be
exercised o n board a foreign ship passing through t h e territorial
s e a to
arrest
a ny
pe r son
or to
conduct
a ny
investigation i n connection with any
committed on board t h e s hi p duri ng
i t s passager save
only i n
t h e
following
c a s e s s
( a ) i f
t h e
consequences of
t h e
crime extend t o t h e coastal
S t a t e ?
( b ) i f
t h e
crime i s of a kind t o disturb
t h e
peace of t h e
count r y
o r
t h e
good order
of t h e territorial
s e a ?
( c ) i f
t h e
assistance of
t h e local
authorities has been requested
by
the master of t h e ship or by a diplomatic
a ge nt
o r consular offices
of
t h e
f l a g
State?
o r
( d ) i f
such
measures
are
necessary
f o r t h e
suppression
o f illicit
traffic i n narcotic drugs o r psychotropie substances.
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2 . The above provisions do not affect t h e right of t h e
coas t al
State to
take a ny steps authorized
by
i t s
laws f o r t h e
purpose of a n arrest o r
investigation on board a foreign ship passing
through
t h e territorial sea
after leaving internal waters.
3 . I n
the
cases provided
f o r
i n paragraphs
1 and 2 , the
coastal State
s h a l l , i f t h e master so requests, not ify
a
diplomatic agent o r consular
officer of t h e flag
State before
taking
a ny
s t e p s , a n d shall
facilitate
contact between such agent
o r
officer
and t h e ship's
c r e w . I n cases of
emergency
this
notification way be communicated while
t h e
measures are being
t a k e n .
4 .
I n
considering whether or i n
what
manner a n arrest should be made?
t h e
local authorities shall
ha ve
due regard to t h e interests o f navigation.
5 .
Except
as
provided i n
Part X I I o r with respect t o
vi olat ions
of law
and regulations adopted i n accordance with Part V ,
t h e
coastal State may
not
take a ny steps
o n
board
a
foreign s hi p passing through
t h e
territorial
t o
a r r e s t a ny pe r son
or to
conduct any investigation i n connect ion with any crime
committed before
the ship
entered
t h e
territorial
s e a ,
i f
t h e
ship e proceeding
from
a foreign port,
i s only
passing through t h e territorial
sea without
entering internal waters.
Article 2 8
Civil
jurisdiction
i n relation t o foreign ships
1 . T h e coastal
State
should not
stop
o r
divert a
foreign
ship passing
through t h e territorial
s e a
f o r
t h e
purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction
i n relation t o a pe r son on board t h e s h i p .
2 .
T h e
coastal
State
may not
levy
execution against
or
arrest
t h e ship
f o r t h e
purpose of any
civil proceedings, save
only i n
respect
of obligations
or liabilities
assumed
or incurred by
t h e
ship itself i n
t h e
course o r f o r the
purpose of
i t s
voyage
t h r o u g h t h e
waters of
t h e coastal S t a t e .
3 . Paragraph
2
i s without prejudice t o t h e right
of t h e
coastal S t a t e ,
i n accordance
wit h
i t s l a w s , t o levy execution against o r t o arrest, f o r
t h e
purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship l y i n g
i n
t h e territorial s e a ,
o r passing
t h r o u g h
t h e territorial s e a after leaving internal waters.
SUBSECTION C . ROLES APPLICABLE TO WARSHIPS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT S H I P S
OPERATED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL
P UR PO SES
Article 2 9
Definition of warships
F o r t h e purposes of t h i s Convention, " w a r s h i p " means a ship belonging to
t h e
armed forces of
a
State bearing t h e external marks distinguishing
such
ships of i t s nationality, u n d e r t h e command of a n officer duly commissioned by
t h e government of t h e State and whose name appears i n
t h e
appropriate service
list o r i t s equivalent,
a n d
manned by
a
crew which i s u n d e r
r e g u l a r
armed
forces d i s c i p l i n e .
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Ar t i cle 30
Non-com pli a nce
by
wa r s hi ps
with the
laws
an d
r e gu la t i o ns of the c oastal State
If a ny w a r s hi p d oe s no t com ply w i t h the laws and r e gu la t i o ns
o f
the
coa s t a l
State
co nce r ni ng
p assag e th roug h the territorial sea an d
di s r e ga r d s
an y req uest for
com pli a nce
th erewith wh ic h i s made to i t , the coa s t a l State
ma y req uire i t to l eav e th e
territorial
sea immediately.
Ar t i cle 3 1
Res pons i b i li t y of t h e
flag S t a t e
f o r
damag e c aused
by
a
wa r s hi p
o r oth er g o v e r n m e n t
s hi p o pe r a t e d
for
no n-comm e r ci a l pu r pos e s
The
flag
S t a t e
sh al l
bear
in tern ation al resp on sibil ity
f o r
a n y
loss or
damag e to the c oastal State resul tin g
from the
n on - c ompl ian c e
by a w a r s h i p or
oth er g o v e r n m e n t sh ip
o pe r a t e d f o r
no n-comm e r ci a l
pu r pos e s
w i t h the l aws a nd
regul ation s of the c oastal
State
c on c ern in g p assag e
through
the territorial
sea or with t h e p rov ision s of this Co nve nt i o n o r oth er rul es of in tern at ion al
l a w .
of
warships and other _gowtniaent
shim
for
With s u c h
e x c e p t i o n s
a s
a r c o n t a i n e d i n s u b s e c t i o n
& a n d
i n a r t i c l e * 3 0
end 3 1
n o t h i n g
i n t h i s
Contention
e t s t h e i m m u n i t i e s f w a r s h i p s a n d
g o v e e n a a n t
s h i p s
o p e r a t e d f o r n o n - o o w r a e e e i a l
SECTXOH
4 .
C0IW G1 00S
1 .
I n a s a n e c o n t i g u o u s t o i t s
t e r r i t o r i a l
s a e
d e s c r i b e e )
a
f e h a
c a n t i f i i o t M s o n * , t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e
may
x e x c i s e t h e c o n t r o l n e c e s s a e y C o *
{ }
p r v a u t i n f e i n g e i s e i i t o
i t s
e u s t o n s ?
f i s c a l , i m t d g r t t t i o n
o r
s a n i t a r y las and e g u l @ t i o n s
w i t b i n
i t s t e r r i t o r y o c
t a s s r i t o c i a l
( b )
p u n i o h i n f e i n g e m i t t o f
f e h e
a b o v e l a w s a n d
emul ation s
c o i w i t t d
w i t h i n i t s t e r r i t o r y o e
t e r r i t o r i a l s e a
2 . t l t e c o n t i g u o u s
a o s s e
may n o t e x t e n d b s y o n ^ 3 4 n a u t i c a l m i l a f r o t h *
l i n s f e o a w h i c h t h e b s a a d t a oC t h t e r r i t o r i a l s e a
i s
Vol. 1833,
1-31363
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TOE
1
Article 34
1 .
S f a a r gime passage
t f a e o u g f a
steaitg used
f o c
international
established
i n this
Past stall not i n
other
respecta afet
t h e
statue
the r a t e r s forming such straits o r t h o exercise by t h e States
straits
of t h e i r
sove r e i gnt y
0e
jurisdiction
over such
waters
a i r s p a c e ,
bed
and subsoil.
2 .
Ihe sove r e i gnt y e jurisdiction
of
the States bordering
t h e
strait*
subject
to this Pact ana to other rules of international l a w .
Article_35
i n t t i s
Part
affectes
( a ) any areas of internal waters within a
s t r a i t ,
exce pt h e r e
t h e
establishment
of
a straight baseline i n accordance
with t h e
met hod
set forth i n article 7 has t h e effect of enclosing as internal
waters areas which had not prev iously been considered
as
s u c h
( b ) the legal status of
t h e
water s
beyond
t h e
territorial seas of
States
bordering
straits as exclusive economic zones or
high s e a s ; o r
( c )
t h e legal r gime
i n
straits
i n
which passage
i s
regulated i n
whol*
o s
i n
pa r t
by lon^-sianding international conventions i n force
specifically relating to such s t r a i t s .
Article_36.
High n seas
routes or
routes through exclusive
.conomie
zones
through straits
used
for, international, navigation
This
Part
does
not
apply
to
a
strait
used
for
international
navigation
if
there
exists through the strait
a
route through the high
seas or
through
an
uselusive economic sone of similar
convenience
with respect
to
navigational
and hydcograitiical characteristics
in such
routes,
the other
relevant Parts
this Convention, including
the
provisions regarding
the
freedoms of
navigation
and overflight?
apply.
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SECTIOM 2 . TRANSIT PASSAGE
Artiele_37
S ge_of_thi.s_
i
seotlon
This
section applies
t o straits
which
are used f o r
international
navigation between one part of
t h e
high s e a s
or
a n exclusive economic
zone
another
pa r t
of
t h e hi gh
seas
o r an exclusive economic z o n e .
Articlg_38
1 . I n straits referred t o
i n
article
3 7 ,
all
s h i p s
and aircraft
- U s * eight
of
transit passage,
which
shall not be i m p e d e d ;
exce pt
t h a t , i f the
i s
fooned by a n island of
a
State bordering t h e strait and i t s
mainland, transit passage shall not apply
i f
t h e r e exists . s e a w a r d of
t h e
island
a
route through
t h e
hi gh seas
o r
t h r o u g h
a n
exclusive economic zone
of
similar convenience with respect t o navigational and
hydrogr a phi e al
6 t > r e t r i s t i c s .
2 .
Transit passa ge means
t h e
exercise
i n
accordance with
this
P a r t o f
tha
freedom
of
na vi ga t ion
and
overflight solely
f o r t h e
pur pos e of cont i nuous
ana expeditious
transit
of
t h e
strait between one pact of
t h e
hi gh
seas
ot
economic son and another part of the high
seas or an
e s e e l u s l v s
s o n . However, t h e r e q u i r e n i e n t
of continuous and expeditious
not pr eclude pa s s a ge
t h e
strait
f o r the
purpose
ot entering*
i s w i n g ot returning
from
a
State bordering
t h e s t r a i t ,
subject to the
condition
of entry to that S t a t e .
3 .
a n y
acti vi t y which
i s
not an exercise
of
t h e
right of transit
passage
through a strait remains subject to
t h e
othc applicable
provi s ions
of
this Convention.
Artlcle_39
P u t i e _ 8 _ g f _ B h i g s
i i
and aircraft during transit pa s s a ge
1 . Ships and aircraft,
while exercising
t e e right of transit
passage, s h a l l ;
( a ) proceed
wit hout dela y
through
or
over t h e
s t r a i t }
( b ) refrain fron any threat or use of force against
t h e
sovereignty,
territorial integrity or polit ical independence of states bordering
t h e s t r a i t , or i n
a ny
other
manne r
i n
vi olat ion of
t h e
pr i nci ple s
of intern ational law embodied
i n t h e
Cha r t e r
of t h e
United National
refrain from any activities other than those incident t o their
normal modes of continuous and expeditious transit unless rendered
necessary by f _ r g m a . j g u . r e or by distress;
comply wit h ot he r r ele vant provi s ions of
this
P a r t .
2 . Ships i n transit
pa s s a ge
( a )
comply
with generally accepted international regulations,
procedures and practices
f o r
safety at
s e a ,
including
t h e
International Regulations
f o r
P r e ve nt i ng Collis ions
at S e a t
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( b ) c o m p l y w i t h g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l
r e g u l a t i o n s ,
p r o c e d u r e s a n d p r a c t i c e s f o r t h e
p r e v e n t i o n ,
r e d u c t i o n a n d c o n t r o l
o f
p o l l u t i o n f r o m s h i p s .
3 .
A i r c r a f t
i n
t r a n s i t p a s s a g e
s h a l l
( a ) o b s e r v e t h e R u l e s t h e e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l
t o i a t i o n
O r g a n i s a t i o n a s
t h e y
a p p l y t o c i v i l a i r c r a f t s t a t e
a i r c r a f t w i l l n o r m a l l y c o m p l y w i t h s u c h s a f e t y m e a s u r e s a n d
will
a t
a l l t i m e s
o p e r a t e w i t h d u e
r e g a r d
f o r t h e
s a f e t y
o f
n a v i g a t i o n
| b )
, a t
a l l
t i m e s
n w n i t o r
t h e r a d i o f r e q u e n c y
a s s i g n e d
b y t h e
competent
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y d e s i g n a t e d a i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l a u t h o r i t y o r t h e
a p p r o p r i a t e
i n t e r n a t i o n a l
d i s t r e s s r a d i o
f r e q u e n c y .
B e a e a g c h a n d
s u r v e y
a c t i y i t i g a
D u r i n g
t r a n s i t p a s s a g e ,
f o r e i g n s h i p s ? i n c l u d i n g M z i n e
r s a t c f e a n a h y a e o g r a p h i o s u r v e y s h i p s ay n o t c a r r y o u t a n y r e s e a r c h o r
s u r v e y a c t i v i t i e s
w i t h o u t
t h e
p r i o r
a u t h o r i s a t i o n o f
t f e e
S t a t e b o e t e e i i t g
s t r a i t s .
1 .
i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h t h i s P a r t , S t a t e s b o r d e r i n g s t r a i t s may d e s i g n a t e
s e a
l a n e s a n a p r e s c r i t e
t r a f f i c
s p a r a t i o n a d t e m s s
f o e
n a v i g a t i o n
i n
s t r a i t s
w h e r e n e c e s s a r y p r a s w t e t h e
s a f e
p a s s a f
s h i p s .
S u c b a y ,
when
c i r c u m s t a n c e s a n d a f t e r g i v i n g du
publicity
t h e r e t o , s u b s t i t u t e
o t h e r
s e a
l a n e s
o c t r a f f i c s p a r a t i o i i s c f e a i a e s
f o e
a n y
s e a
l a a e e o e t e a l c s e p a r a t i o n a t s h c i o e a p r e v i o u s l y d e s i g n a t e d o r
p r e s c r i b e d t h a n .
3 .
S u c h a r i d
t r a f f i c
s e p a r a t i o n s c h e m a
s h a l l
c o n f o r m t o
g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d
i n t e r n a t i o n a l
r e g u l a t i o n s .
4 d e s i g n a t i n g o r s u b s t i t u t i n g s e a
l a n e s
o r p r e s c r i b i n g o r
s u b s t i t u t i n g
t r a f f i c
s e p a r a t i o n
s c h e m e s .
S t a t e s b o r d a r i n g s t r a i t s s h a l l
r e f e r
p r o p o s a l s t o
t h e
i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n w i t h
a
yiew t o f c h s i t
a d o p t i o n . o e g a r a i g a t t o a n a y
a d o p t only
s u e h s e a l a n s l t d t r a f f i c
s e p a r a t i o n a s
s t a y
b e a g r e e d w i t h t h e S t a t e s b o r d e r i n g t h e s t r a i t s ?
a f t @ E w t t i c b
t l i e
S k a t e s s e I g n a t s p r e s c r i t e o r s u b s t i t u t e
t h e m .
5 . l a o f
a
s t r a i t
w h e r e s a a l a n e a o r
t c a f f i c
s e p a r a t i o n s c h e m e s
t h r o u g h t h e
w a t e r s t w o o r n e e S t a t e s b o e d e r i n g t h e s t r a i t a r e b e i a g
p r o p o s e d ,
i i < e S t a t e s c o a c e r n e d
s h a l l
c o - o p e r a t e
i n
f o r n u l a t i n g p r o p o s a l s
i n
c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e
c o u p e - t e n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n .
6 .
b o r d e r i n g s t r a i t s s h a l l
c l e a r l y
i n d i c a t e a l l s e a l a i t e s a n d
t r a f f i c s e p a r a t i o n d e s i g n a t e d o c { t r e s e t c l b f t a b y
t h @ n t on
c h a r t s t o w h i e h
d u e
p u b l i c i t y
s h a l l
b e
g i ^ e a .
7 . S t i i p s
i n
t c a n e i t p a s s a g e
e b a l l
i e s p e t a p p l i c a b l e
s e a l a n e s
a n d
t r a f f i c s e p a r a t i o n e s t a b l i s h e d
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h i s a r t i e l e ,
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j r e l a t i n g t o
t r a n s i t
1 .
S u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s s e c t i o n , S t a t e s b o r d e r i n g s t r a i t s
may a d o p t l a s s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o t r a n s i t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h s t r a i t s , i n
r e s p e c t o f a l l o r a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g
( a ) t h a safety of navigation and t h e regulation of
maritime
t r a f f i c , as
provided i n article 4 1 |
( b ) t h e prevention, reduction and
cont rol
of pollution, by giving
effect
to
applicable international regulations regarding
t h e
discharge of
o i l ,
oily wastes and
other noxious substances
i n the s t r a i t }
( c ) with
respect to
fishing vessels, the
pr e ve nt ion
of f i s h i n g ,
including t h e
stowage of
fishing g e a r ;
( d )
t h e
loading or unloading of any commodity,
currency
o r
pe r son
i n
cont r a ve nt ion
of t h e customs, f i s c a l , immigration or sanitary laws
and
regulations of
States bordering
s t r a i t s .
2 . Such laws and regulations shall
not
discriminate i n form or i n fact
among
foreign
ships o r i n
t h e i r application have
t h e
practical effect of
denying, hampering o r impairing t h e right of transit passage
as
defined i n
this s e c t i o n .
3 . States bordering straits shall
gi ve
due publicity to all such laws
a nd
regulations.
4 .
Foreign
ships
exercising
the
right of transit passage
shall
comply
with such
laws
and
regulations.
5 . " R i e flag State of a s hi p
or t h e
State of registry of
an
aircraft
entitled to sovereign immunity which acts i n a manne r cont r a r y
to
such
laws
and
regulations
or other
provi s ions
of this
Part shall
bear
international
r e s pons ibilit y
f o r
a ny
loss or
damage which
results to States bordering
s t r a i t s .
Article 4 3
Navigational
and
safety aids
and
ot he r
improvements and t h e
prevention,
reduction and control of pollution
U s e r States
a nd
States bordering
a
strait should by agreement co-operates
( a ) i n the establishment and
maintenance i n a
strait of necessary
navigational
and
safe t y
aids o r other improvements i n aid of
international navigation; and
( b )
f o r t h e prevention,
reduction and control
o f
pollution
from s h i p s .
Article 4 4
Duties
of states bordering
straits
States bordering straits shall
not hamper transit
passage and shall give
a ppropr i a t e publicity to any danger to na vi ga t ion
o r
overflight wit hi n or ove r
t h e
strait
of
which t he y ha ve
knowledge.
There shall
be
no suspension
of
transit
passage.
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414 United Nations
Treaty Series Nations Unies
Recueil des
Traits
1994
S CTION 3 .
IN NOCE NT P A S S A GE
4 5
I n n o c e n t p a s s a g e
1
T h e
r g i m e
o f
i n n o c e n t p a s s a g e , i n a c c o r d a n c e
with
P a r t
s e c t i o n 3 ,
s h a l l
a p p l y i n s t r a i t s u s e d
f o r
i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n :
( a )
e x c l u d e d
f r o m t h e
a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e
r g i m e
of
t r a n s i t
p a s s a g e
u n d e r article 3 3 ,
pa r a gr a ph
I s o r
( b )
b e t w e e n a p a r t
of
t h e h i g h s e a s o r a n e x c l u s i v e e c o n o m i c g o n e a
t h e
t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a
o f
a
f o r e i g n
S t a t e .
2 .
T h e r e s h a l l
b e no s u s p e n s i o n of i n n o c e n t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h s u c h
s t r a i t s .
P A R T I V
AKCHIPELA GIC STATES
A r t i c l e 4 6
U s e of
t e r m s
F o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s C o n v e n t i o n s
( a ) " a r e h i p e l a g i e S t a t e * m e a n s
a
S t a t e c o n s t i t u t e d w h o l l y
b y one o r
m o r e a r c h i p e l a g o s a n d
may
i n c l u d e
o t h e r
i s l a n d s ;
( b ) " a r c h i p e l a g o " m e a n s a group of i s l a n d s , i n c l u d i n g p a r t s
of
i s l a n d s ,
i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g waters
a n d
o t h e r n a t u r a l f e a t u r e s w h i c h a r e s o
c l o s e l y
i n t e r r e l a t e d
t h a t s u c h
i s l a n d s ,
w a t e r s a n d o t h e r n a t u r a l
f e a t u r e s form a n i n t r i n s i c g e o g r a p h i c a l , e c o n o m i c a n d p o l i t i c a l
e n t i t y , o r w h i c h h i s t o r i c a l l y h a v e b e e n r e g a r d e d a s
s u c h .
A r t i c l e
4 7
a r e h i p e l a g i c
b a s e l i n e s
1 .
An
a r c h i p e l a g i c S t a t e may d r a w s t r a i g h t a r c h i p e l a g i c b a s e l i n e s
j o i n i n g t h e o u t e r m o s t p o i n t s o f t h e o u t e r m o s t
i s l a n d s
a n d d r y i n g r e e f s
of
t h e
a r c h i p e l a g o p r o v i d e d
t h a t
within
s u c h b a s e l i n e s a r e i n c l u d e d
t h e
main
i s l a n d s
a n d an
a r e a i n
w h i c h t h e
r a t i o of t h e a r e a
o f
t h e
w a t e r
t o t h e a r e a
o f t h e
l a n d ,
i n c l u d i n g
a t o l l s ,
i s b e t w e e n 1
t o 1
a n d
9 t o 1 .
T h e l e n g t h of
s u c h
b a s e l i n e s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d
1 0 0
n a u t i c a l m i l e s ,
e x c e p t
t h a t
u p t o
3
p e r cent of t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f b a s e l i n e s e n c l o s i n g a n y
a r c h i p e l a g o may e x c e e d t h a t l e n g t h ,
up
t o a maximum
l e n g t h
of
1 2 5 n a u t i c a l
m i l e s .
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3 . The
drawin g
o f
suc h b a s e li ne s
sh al l
no t d e pa r t t o a ny a ppr e ci a b le
e x t e n t
f r om
the ge ne r a l
co nfi gu r a t i o n
of the arc h ip el ag o.
4 .
S u ch b a s e li ne s
sh al l n ot be
dr a w n
to an d from
low -t i d e
el ev ation s,
u nle s s li ght hou s e s
or simil ar in sta l l ation s
w h i c h
are
pe r m a ne nt ly a b o ve
sea
l ev el h a v e been
bu i lt o n
th em or w he r e a
low -t i d e e le va t i o n
is
s i t u a t e d w h o l l y
or p a r t l y a t
a
di s t a nce no t e xce e d i ng the b r e a d t h o f
th e
t e r r i t or i a l s e a fr om
the
ne a r e s t
island.
The s ys t e m of such b a s e li ne s sh al l n o t be ap p l ied by an a r c h i p e l a g i c
S t a t e in such a
m a n n e r
as to
c ut off
from the h i g h seas or the e xclu s i ve
e co nom i c zon e th e t e r r i t or i a l sea of
an oth er State.
6 . I f a
p a r t o f
the
a r chi pe la gi c w a t e r s of an a r chi pe la gi c S t a t e li e s
b e t w e e n two p a r t s
of a n
immediatel y
a dja ce nt ne i ghb ou r i ng
State,
e xi s t i ng
r i ght s a nd al l
oth er
le gi t i m a t e
in terests
w h i c h th e l atter S t a t e h as
t r a d i t i o na lly e xe r ci s e d in such wa t e r s a nd
al l rig h ts
s t i pu la t e d b y a gr e e m e nt
b e t w e e n
th ose
S t a t e s
sh al l
co nt i nu e
an d be resp ec ted.
7 . For
the pu r pos e of com pu t i ng the r a t i o of
water to land under
p a r a g r a p h 1 ,
l an d areas m a y in c l ude
wa t e r s
l y in g
wi t hi n the
frin g in g reefs
o f
isl an ds an d
atolls,
in c l udin g th at pa r t of a s t e e p-s i d e d oce a ni c pla t e a u w hi ch
i s e nclos e d or ne a r ly e nclos e d by a cha i n of li m e s t o ne isl an ds an d dr yi ng
r e e f s ly i ng
o n the pe r i m e t e r of the plateau.
8 .
The b a s e li ne s d r a w n in a ccor d a nce w i t h this a r t i cle sh al l be s how n
o n
cha r t s of
sc al e or sc al es
a d e qu a t e
for
a s ce r t a i ni ng
th eir p osition .
Al tern ativ el y ,
l ists of g e o g r a p h i c a l c o - o r d i n a t e s o f p oin ts, s pe ci f yi ng the
g e o d e t i c datum, ma y be
substituted.
9 .
The a r chi pe la gi c S t a t e
sh al l
gi ve du e pu b li ci t y
to such
c h a r t s
or
li s t s of ge o gr a phi ca l co -o r d i na t e s
an d sh al l
d e p o s i t a c o p y of e a ch
suc h
cha r t
or l ist w i t h th e
S e cr e t a r y -Ge ne r a l
of the
U ni t e d
N ation s.
A r t i c l e 4 8
Mea s u r e m e nt of the b r e a d t h of th e t e r r i t or i a l sea, the
co nt i gu ou s zone, the e xclu s i ve e co nom i c zone and the
co nt i ne nt a l sh el f
T t i e b r e a d t h of
the
t e r r i t or i a l
sea,
the co nt i gu ou s
zone,
the
e xclu s i ve
e co nom i c zon e a nd the co nt i ne nt a l shelf s ha ll b e m e a s u r e d fr om a r chi pe la gi c
b a s e li ne s d r a w n
in
a ccor d a nce w i t h a r t i cle 47.
Ar t i cle
4 9
Legal status
o f a r chi pe la gi c waters, of th e air
sp ac e
o v a r ;
a r chi pe la gi c w a t e r s
an d of th eir
b e d a nd s u b s oi l
1 . The s o ve r e i gnt y of a n a r chi pe la gi c S t a t e e xt e nd s t o the w a t e r s
e nclos e d by the a r chi pe la gi c b a s e li ne s d r a w n
i n
a ccor d a nce w i t h
artic l e 4 7 ,
de s cr i b e d as
a r chi pe la gi c
waters, reg ardl ess
of
their d e p t h or
di s t a nce fr om
the coast.
2 . Thi s s o ve r e i gnt y
ex ten ds
to
the
air sp ac e ov er
the
a r chi pe la gi c
waters,
a s
well
a s t o th eir b e d a nd subsoil, a nd th e r e s ou r ce s co nt a i ne d
th erein .
V o l .
1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3
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Article 5 0
Delimitation of
internal
waters
a r t icle 5 1
Existing
agreements,
traditional
fishing rights
a nd
existing
submarine
cables
oS
Article 5 2
Right of innocent passage
1 . Subject to
a r t icle
5 3 and
without
prejudice to article S O ,
s hi ps
o f
all S t a t e s e njoy
the
r i ght of i nnoce nt pa s s a ge
through
acchipelagic
waters, i n
accorda nce
with
Part
I I ,
s ection 3 .
2 .
The archipelag ic State
may,
without discrimination
i n
form or i n
fact
among foreign ships, suspend temporarily
i n
specified areas
of
its
a rchi pela gic wate r s
the
i nnoce nt.pa s s a ge
of
for e i gn s hi ps
i f such
sus pe ns ion
is essential
' f o r
t h e
protection o f
its security. Such
suspension shall
take
effect o n l y after having been duly
published.
Article 5 3
Right
of
a rchi pelaqic s e a
la ne s pa s s a ge
V o l .
1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3
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2 . All ships and aircraft
right of
lanes
pa s a e ge
i n such l a r a e o
and
air s o u t e s .
3 . Aechi pela gi e
sea lanes
passage means
t h e
exercise
i n
accorda nce
with
this
of
the s i ght s
of
na vi ga t ion ove rfli ght
i n
t h e
mode
purpose
of
continuous^ expeditious and
transit
b*twn one past o f the high
or
an exclusive econenie another
part of seas or an exclusive eeonaic z o n e .
4 . Such sea lanes
and
a i r shall traverse t h e a r c f e i p s l a g i c waters
and
t h e
adjacent territorial and shall include ail normal soutes
aa@d
as
f o r
international navigation
or
ove rfli ght
o e
arcAipslaglc waters rout s B
so f a r as
ships are
all manual navigational
channels,
provided that duplication of routes of
similar convenience between the same entry ana exit points shall
not
be
necessary.
5 .
Such lanes and
a l e
routes shall be defined by
a
series
of
n t i n u o u s
axis lines
fro t h e
e nt r y poi nt a
of
pa s s a ge
routes
to
t h e
exit
points. Ships and
ai rcraft
i n
a r e hi pela gi s
sea lanes shall
not
de vi a t e
n s o r e
than 2 5 nautical
Miles
to
either side of such axis U n a s e t a t i n g
passage,
provided t ha t
ships
a nd a i rcraft
s h a l l ,
not closer to
coasts 1 0 per cent of
t h e
distance between
t h e
ne a r e s t poi nt s
islands bordering t h e sea l a n e .
6 .
t a arehipslagie State which designates sea lanes
u n d e r
this article
ay also prescribe traffic separation schemes f o r t h e
safe
pa s s a ge o f ships
through
na r row cha nnels i n
sueh
l a n e s .
archipelagic State nay, when eiccwwstances require after gi vi ng
dae publicity thereto, substitute other lanes
o r
traffic separation
ch ne s
f o r
a ny la ne s o r traffic separation designated
p e e s c r i b f e d
by
i t .
8 . Such sea lanes and traffic separation scheme* shall conform to
accepted international
regulations.
9 .
I n designating
or
substituting sea
lanes o r
pr e scribi ng
or
substituting traffic separation
schemes an
a f f d h i p a l a g i c Stats shall
r e f e r
proposals
to t h e
ooapatent international organisation with a view
to t h e i r
adoption
S he or ga ni s a t ion a y adopt o n l y
such lanes
ana
separation scheme as
nay be
agreed
with the
a rchi pela gic
State,
aft e r which
t h e
asehipelagie
State
n a y
designates prescribe o r
substitute
t h e .
aschipelagic State shall clearly indicate
t h e
axis of
t h e
sea
lanes
t h e
separation schemes designated prescribed by
i t on
cha r t s
to
which due publicity
shall be g i v e n .
1 1 . _ ' S h i p s i n a rchi pela gic lanes passage respect applicable
sea
lanes and traffic separation schemes established i n accordance with
this
article.
1 2 .
I f an
a rchi pela gic S t a t e does
not designate lanes o r
a i r
right o f a r e hi pela glc aea tans a y be
exercis ed
t h e
routes
f o r
international n av igation.
V o l . 1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3
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Duties
of
ships
and
a i ^ t c r a f t _ g u t i n g . . t h . e i r _ B g g g a g e j _ t g g e a r c h _
and survey activities, duties
t h e
archlpelaqlc State
a na
laws and
r e gulat ion^
^f^the^atohipeiagig^Stata relating to
archipelagic sea lanes
Articles
42
and apply arehipalagie s@a
EXCLUSIVE
ECONOMIC
ZONE
Agti glg_5S
Specific legal
r e g j l m e ^ o f ^ t h e
^ xclu a i y e e c o n o m i c ^
i 3 g a g -
She s t e l u s i v e
economic z one
is
a n
area beyond and
adjace nt
to t h e
territorial
s e a ,
subject to
the
specific l e g a l ' r gime established i n this
P a
f t p
under
which
the r i ght s
a nd
jurisdiction of the
coas t al S t a t e a na
t h e
rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of
this Convention.
R i g h t s , , jurisdiction and i f e t i . e a of t h e
coastal State
i n t h e
exclusive economic zone
( a )
sovereign rights
f o r
the pur pos e
of
exploring and exploiting;
cons e r vi ng
and managing
t h e
natural
resources, whether living O E
non-living,
of
the
water s
super
jacent to
the
sea-bed and
of t h e
sea-bed
a nd
i t s subsoil, and with
regard
to other
activities
f o r t h e
economic exploitation and exploration
of
t h e z o n e ,
such as
the
production of energy from
t h e
water, currents
a nd
winds;
( i )
t h e
establishment and us@ artificial i s l a n d s , installations
and structures;
( i i )
marine scientific research}
( i i i ) t h e
prot ection
a na pr e s e r va t ion
of
t h e
mari ne
environment;
( c )
o t h e r
rights and duties provided
f o r
i n
this Convention.
I n exercising
i t s
rights and performing
i t s
duties
undr this
Convention i n the exclusive economic z o n e , the coastal State
shall
have due
re ga rd
to t h e rights
a na dutie s
of other States and shall act i n a na nne e
compa t ible wit h
the
provi s ions
of this Convention.
3 . The righ ts
set out this article
wit h
respect to the
s e a -b@a a nd
subsoil shall be
exercis ed
i i * accordance with Part V I .
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S i e x c l u s i v e c o n o m i e s o n e
s h a l l
n o t e x t e n d b e y o n d 2 0 0 n a u t i c a l m i l e s
f r o t h e b a s e l i n e s f r o m w h i c h t h e s r e a t h of t h e t e r r i t o r i a l
s e a i s
m e a s u r e d .
1 . t h e e x c l u s i f
e o n o i i i e
BOM a l l S t a t e s , A e t h e r c o a s t a l o r
l a n d - l o c k e d , e n j o y , s u b j e c t t o t h e r e l e v a n t p r o v i s i o n s
of
t h i s C o n v e n t i o n , t h e
f r e e d o m s r e f e r r e d to
i n
a r t i c l e
7 of
n a v i g a t i o n a n a
o v e r f l i g h t a n d
o f - t h e
l a y i n g
of s u b m a r i n e
c a b l e s a n d p i p e l i n e s ?
a n d t h e
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y
l a w f u l
u e e s
of
t h e
s e a
r e l a t e d
t o
t h e s e C r e a d o i M , s u c h a s t h o s e a s s o c i a t e d
with t h e
o p e r a t i o n of s h i p s , a i r c r a f t a n d
s u b i i a i i n c a b l e s a n d
p i p e l i n e s , a n d
e c a p a t i b l e
w i t h t h e
o t h e r p r o v i s i o n s of
t h i s C o n v e n t i o n .
2 .
A r t i c l e s
8 8 to
Hi
and o t h e r p e r t i n e n t r u l e s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l law
a p p l y t o t h e e x c l u s i v e c o n o m i e z o n e i n
s o
f a r u s t h e y
a r e
n o t i n c o t a p a t i b l e
w i t h t h i s P a r t .
3 . I n e x e r c i s i n g t h e i r s i g h t s a n d
p e r f o r m i n g
t h e i r d u t i e s u n d e r t h i s
C o n v e n t i o n i n t h e
e x c l u *
i v e e c o n o m i c zo n e ,,
S t a t e s s h a l l have
d u e r e g a r d t o t h e
r i g h t s a n d d u t i e s of t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e and s h a l l c o m p l y
with
t h e l a w a a n d
r e g u l a t i o n s a d o p t e d
b y
t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e i n a c c o r d a n c e
with
t h e p r o v i s i o n s of
t h i s C o n v e n t i o n a n d o t h e r r u l e s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w i n f a r a s t h e y a r e n o t
i n c o m p a t i b l e with
t h i s P a r t .
B a s i s
f o r
t h e
r e s o l u t i o n
_ g f _
c o n f l i c t s r e g a r d i n g
_ t h e
a t t r i b u t i o n o
I n c a a s s w h e r e t h i s C o n v e n t i o n
n o t
a t t r i b u t e r i g h t s
o r
j u r i s d i c t i o n
t o t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e o r t a o t t t w S t a t e s w i t h i n t h e x c l u s i v e e c o n o m i c z o n e ,
a n d a c o n f l i c t a r i s e s b e t w e e n t l s e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e a n d any
o t h e r
S t a t e
o r S t a t e s , t h e c o n f l i c t s h o u l d
b r e s o l v e d o n t h e
b a s i s of
equity
a n d i n
t h e l i g h t of a l l t h e r e l e v a n t c i c c u m e t a n e e a , t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h e
r e s p e c t i v e i m p o r t a n c e
of t h e
i n t e r e s t s
i n v o l v e d t o t h e p a r t i e s
a s well a s
t o
t i l *
i n t e r n a t i o n a l
e c M a u n i t y w h o l s ,
1 . I n t h e a x . e l u s i v a e c o n o H i c
s o n e c
t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l have t h e
e x c l u s i v e r i g h t t o c o n s t r u c t a n d t o a u t t e r i s s a n d r e g u l a t e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n ,
o p e r a t i o n a n d
u s
o f
( a ) a r t i f i c i a l i i l a n d s f
( b )
i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d s t r u c t u s e e
f o r t h e
p u r p o s e s p r o v i d e d
f o r i n
a r t i c l e
S S
a n d
o t h e r
f i e o n c a s i e
( c )
i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d a t o s j c t u t e a w h i c h a y i n t e r f a c e w i t h t h e
of
t h e
r i g h t s
of
t h e
c o a s t a l
S t a t e
i n t h e s o n .
Vol. 1833, 1-31363
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2 .
S f e e c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l h a v e e l u s i v e j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r s u c h
a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d s t r u c t u r e s i n c l u d i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n w i t h
c u s t o m s , f i s c a l h e a l t h
s a f e t y
' l a w s
a n a
r e g u l a t i o n s .
3 .
D u e n o t i c e
must
b e
g i v e n o f
t h e
c o n s t r u c t i o n o f
s u c h
a r t i f i c i a l
i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r
s t r u c t u r e s , a n d
p e r m a n e n t a n s
f o r g i v i n g
w a r n i n g
of
t h e i r p r e s e n c e m u s t b e m a i n t a i n e d .
A n y i n s t a l l a t i o n s
o r
s t r u c t u r e s w h i c h
a e a a b t t a d o z & e d o c d i s u s e d s h a l l
be r e m o v e d to
e n s u r e
s a f e t y
of
n a v i g a t i o n ,
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