Learning Targets 1 - 13. 1. I can define fascism. Fasces are a bundle of wooden sticks with an axe blade emerging from the center an image that traditionally

Learning Targets 1 - 13

1. I can define fascism. Fasces are a bundle of wooden sticks with an axe blade emerging from the center an image that traditionally symbolizes summary power and jurisdiction and/or "strength through unity 2

1. I can define fascism. Fascism political philosophy based on extreme nationalism and military expansion, advocating a strong central government headed by a powerful dictator glorifies the nation and race through aggressive show of force stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader severe economic and social regimentation forcible suppression of opposition private property interests supported by government policy individuals exist to serve the military goals of the state 3

1. I can define fascism. Fascists Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler 4

1. I can define fascism and differentiate between fascism and communism. fascism communism extreme nationalism racism (Germany) militaristic expansion totalitarianism few human/civil rights government support of private property capitalism anti-communism theory: bourgeoisie vs. proletariat struggle results in dictatorship of the proletariat state withers away classless society emerges practice: totalitarianism few human/civil rights state ownership of property socialism 5

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. April 4, 1933 all non-Aryans removed from government jobs 3 months after Hitler takes power History and background ancient civilization biblical story Nuremberg Laws 1935 stripped Jews of civil rights and property if attempt to emigrate forced to wear Star of David over age of six 6

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. Kristallnacht November 9, 1938 crystal night night of broken glass Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues Jewish shop windows by the hundreds were systematically and wantonly smashed . The main streets of the city were a positive litter of shattered plate glass. Jews blamed 20,000 arrested/sent to concentration camps The Jews will pay a collective fine of one billion marks, 20 percent of their property. German official 7

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. Refugees Nazi policy of emigration 40,000 to France 500 a week to Britain 60,000 to the United States Albert Einstein, author Thomas Mann, etc German foreign minister: We all want to get rid of our Jews. The difficulty is that no country wishes to receive them. Anti-Semitism competition for jobs during Great Depression after war breaks out, fear of enemy agents the St. Louis 12

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. Refugees the St. Louis 930 Jewish refugees refused entry to Cuba, the United States and Canada ship was forced to return to Europe. 13

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. The Final Solution goal of disappearance of Jewry from Europe those healthy enough to work labor camps the rest extermination camps genocide systematic extermination of an entire group/race of people Jews estimated 6 million Communists, Socialists, liberals, Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovahs Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally handicapped, mentally ill, the disabled, the incurably ill Poles, Ukrainians, Russians estimated 11 12 million people murdered systematically 14

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. Concentration camps sent by truck, train families often separated cycle of hunger, humiliation, work ended only with death crowded barracks meager meals of thin soup, scraps of bread/potato work 7 dawn to dusk, 7 days a week too weak to work, killed 16

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. The brute Schmidt was our guard; he beat and kicked us if he thought we were not working fast enough. He ordered his victims to lie down and gave them 25 lashes with a whip, ordering them to count out loud. If the victim made a mistake, he was given 50 lashes. Thirty or 40 of us were shot every day. A doctor usually prepared a daily list of the weakest men. During the lunch break they were taken to a nearby grave and shot. They were replaced the following morning by new arrivals from the transport of the day. It was a miracle if anyone survived for five or six months in Belzec. Rudolf Reder 17

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust. Extermination camps 1941 six death camps built in Poland gas chambers killed 6,000 per day Auschwitz left right work die stripped of all possessions clothes, eyeglasses, jewelry, hair, gold fillings led to shower (gas chamber) crematoriums grisly experiments injected with germs, poisons, sterilized subject to seawater, extreme temperatures, painful torture 18

3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded. Rhineland Austria Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium France Great Britain Russia 22

3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded. Rhineland re-militarizes 1938 violation of Treaty of Versailles Austria Anschluss 1938 union no resistance offered Sudetenland western Czechoslovakia 800,000 German speaking people Hitler argues national self-determination leads to Munich Conference/Pact 23 Giant wheeling motion

3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded. Munich Pact - 1938 Hitler appeased given Sudetenland after promise of last demand Czechoslovakia 1939 invaded and seized Britain/France guarantee independence of Poland August 23, 1939 Phony War sitzkreig Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact August 25, 1939 Poland September 1, 1939 invaded by blitzkreig beginning of WW II 24

3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded. 27

4. I can describe the Munich Pact. Munich Pact Sudetenland - 1938 Hitler demands area w/ 800,000 German speaking people Munich Conference - Sept, 1938 Neville Chamberlain (British Prime Minister) Edouard Daladier (French President) Adolph Hitler (German Fuhrer) Benito Mussolini (Italian Il Duce) Hitler declares Sudetenland will be his last territorial demand. Munich Pact signed giving Sudetenland to Germany 28

4. I can describe the Munich Pact. My friends there has come back from Germany peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time. Neville Chamberlain Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war. Winston Churchill 29

4. I can describe the Munich Pact. appeasement giving in to ones demands in the hopes they will be satisfied and make no further demands Munich Pact agreement to give in to Hitlers demands believing he would make no further demands knowing the opposite was probably true! 30

5. I can explain the deal Hitler made with Stalin. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact August 23, 1939 agreement not to fight each other also to divide Poland between the U.S.S.R and Germany a secret pact not revealed until end of Cold War - 1991 Germany avoids a two-front war for Hitler Britain & France had pledged support for Poland Russia avoid high casualties as in WW I regained land lost post WW I Poland, Baltic States, etc broken by Hitler attacked U.S.S.R on June 22, 1941, 31

5. I can explain the deal Hitler made with Stalin. MolotovRibbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Non- Aggression) 32

6. I can analyze the impact of Operation Barbarossa on the war. Operation Barbarossa code name for Germany's invasion of the U.S.S.R during WW II pivotal phase in deciding the victors of the war suffered and caused a high rate of fatalities: 95% of all German Army casualties between 1941 and 1944 65% of all Allied military casualties from the entire war Germans won resounding victories occupied important economic areas of the Soviet Union despite these successes, the Germans were pushed back from Moscow and could never again mount a simultaneous offensive 33

6. I can analyze the impact of Operation Barbarossa on the war. Operation Barbarossa most importantly: Operation Barbarossa opened up an Eastern Front more forces committed than any other theater of war in world history site of some of the largest battles, deadliest atrocities, highest casualties, and most horrific conditions for Soviets and Germans alike Germany captured 3 million Soviet POWs never returned alive deliberately starved to death Russian losses underscore attempts to control Eastern Europe post WW II (Cold War) 34

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. Executive Order 9066 allowed local military commanders to designate "military areas" as "exclusion zones from which "any or all persons may be excluded used to declare that all people of Japanese ancestry were excluded from the entire Pacific coast including all of California and much of Oregon, Washington and Arizona, except for those in internment camps 35

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. Exclusion zones: 36

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. relocation and internment by the U.S. government 1942 about 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese lived along the Pacific coast of the United States to camps called War Relocation Camps Nisei 2 nd generation 80,000 20,000 native-born serve in military Issei 1 st generation immigrants lost homes, businesses, personal belongings 37

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. Korematsu v. U.S. 1944 a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066 upheld governments internment policy as justified in wartime 1988 - U.S. government recognizes injustice awards financial compensation to descendents 41

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians to investigate the camps the commission's report, named Personal Justice Denied, found little evidence of Japanese disloyalty at the time recommended the government pay reparations to the survivors a payment of $20,000 to each individual internment camp survivor in 1988, U.S. government apologized for the internment and stated, actions were based on race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership U.S. government eventually awarded more than $1.6 billion in reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned and their heirs 42

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps. destroyed the lives of over 100,000 Japanese-Americans 80,000 US citizens lost homes, businesses, personal belongings endured pain of being thought different from countrymen diminished American value of equality by institutionalizing discrimination contributed to claim of racism as no similar action taken toward German, Italian Americans eventually resulted in reparation payments of 1.6 billion dollars 43

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters. Propaganda is used in accordance with psychological warfare to demonize the enemy to spread deliberate fabrications or exaggerations of the truth about their crimes in wartime to help bring nations to action to provoke public outcry 44

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters. 45

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.. Themes: patriotism self-reliance loyalty values service enlistment sacrifice financial support through buying of bonds portray enemy as monstrous, inhuman, evil 53

9. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 54

9. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Japanese Imperial Ambitions Manchuria, China, Thailand, Indonesia conflict with: France French Indochina Netherlands Dutch East Indies Britain Burma, India, Malaya United States Guam & Philippines Japanese expansion into Manchuria 1931 into China 1937 (US protest, demand Japan leave China) into Indochina - 1941 55

56 Maps of Manchuria, China, Indochina, Philippines, Guam, etc

9. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. U.S. response: embargo cutting off trade with Japan oil, scrap iron essential items for war-making capabilities without oil, Japanese defeat assured perceived as economic declaration of war by the U.S. US broke Japans secret communication codes knew an attack was imminent issued warnings to Pacific commanders ordered fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii far from Japans reach 57

9. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 2,400 Americans killed 1,200 wounded 20 warships sunk/damaged 150 planes destroyed 58

10. I can explain why the U.S. was not able to prevent the attack on Pearl Harbor. had broken Japanese code knew attack was imminent engaged in peace talks in Washington D.C. believed it would come closer to Asia Philippines Hawaii too far from Japan Pacific fleet ordered to Hawaii - safekeeping risk of attack force being detected too great therefore, didnt expect an attack to prevent! 59

11. I can explain how the Allies dealt with Germany post-WWII. 60 Berlin Zones Allied Occupation Zones

11. I can explain how the Allies dealt with Germany post-WWII. 61 Occupation Zones Great Britain, France, United States, in the west wanted to rebuild Germany productive industry, united people Soviet Union in the east wanted Germany weak, divided Berlin within the Soviet sphere divided as well Berlin Blockade/Airlift 1947-48 (video) Berlin Wall - 1961

12. I can define the term iron curtain. Winston Churchill Iron Curtain Speech Westminster College, Fulton Missouri March 5, 1946, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent." use of the phrase made it popularly recognized as the division of Europe into East and West many consider Churchill's "iron curtain speech" the beginning of the Cold War 62

12. I can define the term iron curtain. 63

13. I can describe the Truman Doctrine. Harry Truman 67

13. I can describe the Truman Doctrine. Truman Doctrine policy set forth by President Harry Truman in a speech on March 12, 1947 stating the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with $400 million in economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere of influence the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures 68

13. I can describe the Truman Doctrine. Truman Doctrine considered as the start of the Cold War synonymous with policy of containment to contain Soviet expansion to current levels committed the U.S. to fight communism the expansion of the U.S.S.R. to become, a world police power 69

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Learning Targets 1 - 13. 1. I can define fascism. Fasces are a bundle of wooden sticks with an axe blade emerging from the center an image that traditionally