Lesson - 3 Anil Kumar [20905S1]

8/8/2019 Lesson - 3 Anil Kumar [20905S1]

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1. Define these terms

1. Anubandha catustaya

Every prakarana grantha is prefaced with four preliminary

considerations describing the characteristics of a person eligible tounderstand / study that particular text. Something similar to thepreface and introduction in the modern day texts.

These four preliminary considerations are :

Ahikari:Visaya :Prayojana:Sambandha.

2. Adhikari

The first and foremost qualification required to study any particulartext. This qualification is more of the nature of purity of the mind [citta suddhi ] and single pointedness of the intellect [citta ekagrata ]

Even though, ancient system is not dis-qualifying anybody fromstudying these text, only an adhikari will get full benefit of thevedantic studies and become liberated.

3. Viveka

Vivekas English meaning is differentiation. This distinguish the mindwith permanent and ephemeral and not the normal differentiation wedoes in our normal life like between people, between religion, betweencommunities and so on

The viveka budhi is a blessings to human beings, other living beingsdoes not have such ability. Everything in this world is subject tochange except Brahman, understanding this phenomenon is viveka inVedanta

4. Vairagya

Vairagya is the second aspect of Sadhana catustaya or dispassion orready to loss everything or anything at any point of time. Vairagya is anatural disinclination towards wordily enjoyments and occursautomatically in a person who is endowed with a strong viveka.

5. Uparama


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Uparama is also called uparati is the natural withdrawal of both themind and senses from external objects; it is the sublimation of themind and effortless curtailment of the sense that have completelystopped hankering after sense pleasures.

Uparama is the condition of the mind that is peaceful, not tempted, notwandering and not rushing towards the world of finite pleasures.

6. Titiksa

The capacity of mind and the intellect to absorb the worldly pains,sorrows and insults the little pinpricks of life stride without becomingoverly preoccupied with them is called titiksa.

The capacity of the mind to accommodate cheerfully all the

vicissitudes of life and patiently ignore any obstacles that might comeits way is titiksa.

7. Samadhana

Samadhana is single-pointedness of the mind or single pointedconcentration of the mind. Spiritual life will not be considered asSamadhana. When concentration becomes natural and effortless.

The mind, which is no more dissipated in the world of objects becauseof the diligent practice of sama [mind control], dama [sense

control],uparama [withdrawal] and titiksa [forbearance] and theintellect, which has been vitalized by sraddha [faith] are to be directedtowards single pointed spiritual persuits.

8. Mumuksutvam

Mumuksutvam is burning desire for liberation. An individual whoaspires for liberation is one who seeks Brahman with fiery passion andurgency is known as mumuksu. A seeker who is ready to live everymoment of his life in the diligent pursuit of the Truth can alone willachieve mumuksutvam.

II. Answer Briefly

1. What are the defects of worldly enjoyments?

In the Vedas, it is spoken of a particular mystical bird called the Homabird. It is a peculiar kind of a bird that lives high up in the sky. It is


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believed that the mother bird lays the egg in the sky. Owing to theheight where the egg is laid, the egg fall downwards towards the earth.

In the course of its journey, it hatches mid way and the chick begin tofall for days together. During the chick's downward journey it develops

its eyes.

On reaching the vicinity of earth, the chick becomes consciousness. Itgives out a shrill cry with the fear of dashing to the ground toencounter death. It stabilizes its movement and takes flight upwardstowards its safest sanctuary, its mother.

Sri Ramakrishna in one of His parables says that people born with Godconsciousness realise the danger of worldly attachment even fromtheir childhood. Their sole thought would be directed towards reachingGod which is God realization. The story illustrates one's spiritual

journey to Self realisation.

Desire is the root cause of sorrow', said Buddha. Gita, much moreancient than Buddha, is uncompromising in showing to us how ouruncontrolled, selfish desires cause all disruption in individual and sociallife. A large number of young people without knowing the importanceof restraining lust and anger, get increasingly caught in self createdmental meshes and soon come to have a deep sense of dissatisfactionin life.

The secret of happy living, as given in Gita, is to focus on work without

undue anxiety about enjoyment of favourable results. Results willcome when one has done good work. Let one pay attention to the'means'; the 'end' will be surely achieved if the means is taken care of.In fact, when one 'teams to derive joy in work itself, there is hardly anydependence left on the so called 'favourable-result'.

Dedicating ourselves to a higher cause, devoted to God who is the veryrepository of all that is just and good, we are to work inspired, withlove and respect for each other. Such work brings the greatesthappiness to one and all. When one works in such a spirit of selfless

dedication, there is no question of agitations arising in one's mind. Inspite of all the work one does, one remains fresh and fine in one'swithin. One gets good sleep, one's mind is not a burdened mind. Onefeels light and the love and cheer that one experiences within oneself make this earth itself a veritable heaven.

It is important to educate and convince the mind about the futility of seeking ephemeral joys from the impermanent world of objects so that
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it can turn inwards towards the self. Worldly enjoyments have thefollowing defects:

They have a beginning and an end. They are riddled with pain They dissipate ones energy They leave gnawing sense of incompleteness at the end. They create attachment which leads to a never-ending cyclic

chase pleasure .. Memory .. Pleasure .. Memory .Leading only to more and more disillusionment.

2. Differentiate sama from dama.

1. Sama is serenity or tranquillity of mind which isbrought about through the eradication of desires.2. Dama is rational control of the senses.

Samadhana is fixing the mind on Brahman or the Self, without allowingit to run towards objects. The mind is free from anxiety amid pains andtroubles. There is stability, mental poise and indifference amidpleasures. The aspirant has neither like nor dislikes. He has great innerstrength and enjoys unruffled peace of mind, due to the practices of Sama, Dama, Uparati, Titiksha and Sraddha

On many occasions, we hear the words Sama and Dama, the wordDama means control of external organs. Sama means control of innerorgans. Here, we can understand the word sama as signifying controlof sensory organs. For one who can control inner senses, the externalorgans do not five any trouble at all and these external organs easilycome under control. For one who is not able to control the innersenses, the out organs also cause a lot of trouble. If one gets thestrong feeling that he should not see anything external to him, he willnot see anything even if his eyes are open. If one is determined not toeat anything, he will not eat the food however attractive it may be.

Thus controlling the inner senses is a difficult matter; but if we are ableto do this, we can easily control our external organs. For one who isborn as a human being, whether he works in the worldly sphere orspiritual sphere, the control of the organs is very essential. Thisdiscipline will give all of us a lot of happiness.

3. Compare blind belief and Sraddha


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Sraddha is intense faith in the word of the Guru, in Vedantic scripturesand, above all, in one's own self. It is not blind faith but is based onaccurate reasoning, evidence and experience. As such, it is lasting,perfect and unshakable. Such a faith is capable of achieving anything.

Shraddha is devotion. It is faith that helps one accept all happenings is the good and bad with equanimity. Faith is what makes a discipletrust his guru and a child, its parent. Patience is not the art of ad hocmanagement of mental restlessness. Patience is the intuition thatinspires you to just be and wait for the will of God to unfold and workitself out. Patience helps you to live uncomplainingly, and so you areable to accept without anger what you know cannot be changed.

Faith is the insight that tells you that patience and surrender to the willof God is the best course your life can take. Wisdom is inunderstanding and valuing both faith and patience. Patience is born of

faith and in due course it serves to strengthen faith.

Shraddha in Sanatan Dharma refers to acceptance of power of theelement of the highest dimension. It is the acceptance of some divinepower, a supreme power, a power beyond there is no other power.

There is no such thing as Blind Faith [Andh Shraddha] Shraddha cannotbe blind. If it can be lost, then it is blind. And if it is blind, it is Vishwasnot Shraddha.

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Lesson - 3 Anil Kumar [20905S1]