Long Term Evolution

What is LTE?

• LTE is part of the GSM evolutionary path beyond 3G

technology.

• It is the last step towards 4G of radio technologies that

will deliver users the benefits of faster speed and new services by creating a new radio access technology that optimized for Internet Protocol based traffic.

LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), together with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology for downlink data transmission and Single Carrier Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink transmission.

LTE Basic Concept

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Path Towards LTE

2005 2006 2007 2008

2009 2010 20112012 or later

LTE

DL: ~384KbpsUL: ~180Kbps

DL: ~14.4MbpsUL: ~5.76Mbps

DL: ~42MbpsUL: ~11Mbps

DL: ~1ooMbpsUL: ~50Mbps

HSPA+~100 ms

~70 ms

~45 ms

~15ms

3G-WCDMA

HSPA

Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency

Downlink Capacity: Peak data rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth.

Uplink capacity: Peak data rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth.

Latency: less than 15 ms.

Scalable bandwidth: 1.25MHz to 20MHz.

Key Features of LTE

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

• OFDMA splits up the information among frequency slots, as if

dividing shipment among multiple shipping trucks.

• No spaces between frequency slot, so more of the bandwidth can be used.

• If one of the frequency slot gets into accident, only a portion of

data becomes destroyed.

Multiple Input Multiple Output Antenna Technology

• MIMO employs multiple transmit and receive antennas to enhance the air interface.

• MIMO uses Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) to increase the end-user data rate.

• Beamforming is the second technique which provides the benefits to the users increase with weaker signal strength, like the edge of the cell coverage.

• One of the main problems that previous telecommunications

systems have encountered is that of multiple signals arising from the many reflections that are encountered. By using MIMO, these additional signal paths can be used to advantage.

• SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) is advanced technique, which increases sector capacity by allowing simultaneous transmissions of the same physical resources to different users, who are spatially separated.

• This technique can be combined with MIMO to offer higher data

rates simultaneously.• Beamforming provides the most benefits to the users in

areas with weaker signal strength, like the edge of the cell coverage.

Advanced Antenna Techniques

Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

• SC-FDMA is used for uplink data transmission which is similar to OFDMA .

• OFDMA requires expensive and inefficient power amplifiers with high requirements which increases the cost of the terminal and also drains the battery life.

• SC-FDMA solves this problem by grouping together the resource blocks in such a way that reduces the need more power consumption, in the power amplifier.

Current LTEVoice communication VoIP, high quality video

conferencingSMS, MMS Video messaging

Internet browsing Super-fast internetDownloadable games Online gaming Downloadable video High quality audio & video

streamingNo TV service Broadcast TV on-demand

Wide-scale distribution of video clips

Mobile paymentFile transfer

Services

Global LTE Carriers There are plenty of telecom carriers around the world that are going for LTE instead of WiMax.

If biggest carriers go for LTE, It will produce a lower price of LTE products in terms of fabrication, higher volume of production, lower prices. It could be an important point for LTE.

Motorola’s XOOM is the first tablet PC in the World which was 4G, LTE enabled.

LTE Enabled Device

ConclusionLTE is based on a flattened IP-based network architecture that improves network latency. It allows operators to offer advanced services and higher performance for new and wider bandwidths. LTE gives the benefits of existing 3G technologies and enhances them further with additional antenna techniques such as higher-order MIMO.

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